Image provided by: Morrow County Museum; Heppner, OR
About The Boardman mirror. (Boardman, Or.) 1921-1925 | View Entire Issue (April 4, 1924)
i Men E 8 11 rife i VOLUME IV BOARDMAN, MORROW COUNTY, OREGON, FRIDAY, APRIL 4, 1924 NUMBER 7 COUNTY UNIT SCHOOL SYSTEM MEAN'S IN CREASED TAXATION Umatilla county's school superin tendent, who for the past month has been actively campaigning for the county unit measure, bases much of his argument on the claim that under the proposed system taxes will be re duced, and that centralization of au thority will reduce cost of conducting schools. Inspection of tax levies in counties which have been operating under the county unit system show that instead of a reduction in cost the result has been just the opposite. In Coos county, which adopted the county unit in 1921, taxes for school purposes increased nearly $100,000 in 11)22 over the 1920 levy. In 1920 the levy for all school purposes in Coos county was $322,560.21. In 1922, one year after adoption of the county (tlrtt, the levy wa. ' 0360. 40 These figures are taken from the 1923 report of the state committee on tax investigation. Crook county adopted county unit in 1921, and even in this small coun ty an increase of taxes of $16,0C folic ved adoption of the measure Crook county's total school tax i: 19-?. under the district system, wat $61,234.71. In 1 922 under the county unit it was $77,666.20. Klamath county showed an In crease of $r0,000 in school taxo3 l 1922 over the 1920 tax. In 1920 tlu tax was $202,755.68 In 1922 tb budget adopted after the county wen1 under county unit was $251,856.21 In these counties when the schoo! authorities put on their campaign for control of the schools under tot county unit system, the same claim of ability to reduce expense was made, but the figures prove thei claims to have been unfounded. When the elementary school mill age tax was on the ballot several years ago, every school authority urged the measure on the plea that it would reduce taxes by making out lying lands help pay the cost of th' schools. No one can find this redu, tion showing on their tax state ments. The argument that a measure Will reduce taxes is one every politician advances. The thought of tax sav ing is pleasing to the voters, but the voters have discovered that in spite of all promises made by the polit' clans, taxes continue to pyramid Each new measure that is adopte'" means new expenditures and in creased taxes. Study of the county unit measure will convince anyone that it will sure ly increase school taxes. While as much as five per cent might possibK he saved on lump purchases of chal'" fuel and such items, this saving will be more than offset by the greatly in creased cost of administration. A county superintendent who is capable of handling the affairs of all the schools of Umatilla county would un doubtedly receive $400 or $5000 a year. All of his expenses would have to be met. Under the present system the expense of the superintendent'?' office Is high. Although he receives a salary of only $1 800, the budget for 1922 called for additional expen ditures for mileage, assistants and office expense, bringing the total to $4300. Under the unit system, with no public control of expenditures these expenses would undoubtedly show a great Increase. Assistant superintendents, super visors, and office help, as well as a county school clerk, would have to lie paid good salaries. Under the county unit system the voters have no way of limiting the salaries or expenses to be allowed. They are privileged to object to any item, hut the county board, on advice of the superintend ent, may adopt such budget as they desire, in spite of any and all objections. DHM E DOPING A smooth AWN EI) BARLEY BEING UNDERTAKEN in for a the The farm boy, the hired man, and the farmer himself, for that matter, will rise to a vote of thanks and give three cheers for the scientists of the United States Department of Agriculture When they succeed in developing on a commercial scale a variety of barley that can be wal lowed in with impunity on a hot summer day without wearing a cast iron shirt and overalls. The saw edged beards of the many varieties of high-yielding barleys have been Instrumental in keeping down the icreagj of barley, and only its abil ity to produce a high acre yield in pounds of feed has maintained the present acreage. Attempts by the agronomist harge of barley investigations the department to develop tmooth-awned variety from rough-awned Manchuria, which is a popular high-yielding variety, have "united in considerable progress. Enough seed for general distril u ion is not yet available, however. Specimen! of this smooth-awned Sarley are to bee seen in the Office if Cereal Investigations of the de triment. These awns are so smooth hat they may he pulled across the face in either direction without any oughness being apparent except at the tip. In these investigations It wn ound unwise to eliminate the awns ntirelv because they serve a defi nite putpOCe , W 'hen they are re tovd from the growing head by lipping, the ash is deposited in the nchis, or small stem to wh'ch the rernel is attached, making it more brittle and allowing the grain to hatter easily. The awns, it seems, ict as a sort of safety valve or store 'ions" for thi" excess material. It ''a'i been found more practicable to develop a variety with a smooth ;wn than to reniov? it entirely. Smooth-awned barleys are still In he experimental stage. Several high-yielding strains adaptd to dif ferent climatic conditions are ready 'or Increase to larger plats and field culture. Whether thev can ompete with the rough-awned var letlea remained to be determined. IRRIGON By NEWS ITEMS N. Seaman Frank Wilbur spent several days last week visiting friends in Irrigon. Mr. Garretson from Tioardnian, was In Irrigon on business last Friday. Mr. and Mrs. Smith Jordan were in Irrigon a short time Sunday aft ernoon, i i Mr. and Mrs. Wesley Chaney have returned to Irrigon to stay for some time. Raymond Jordan and Hill Knight were at the home of Mrs. Rebecca Knight over Sunday. Mrs. Paul Jones is the guest or Mrs. H. T. Wapole for a few days this week. Walter Warner motored to Boardman with his mother Satur day, to attend the teachers' institute. Farmer Smith spent Thursday and Friday with Mr. and Mrs. Sea man and jiiscussed many of the farmers problems. M. A. Cleveland of Stanfield, was in Irrigon Thursday in the inter ests of his papers and picking up odd jobs for bis press. The Irrigon baseball team played at Umatilla Sunday afternoon. The game was quite one-sided, Umatilla winning 17 to 4. There has been considerable ef fort made to organize a lodge of the! Grange in Irrigon. At last reports all things looked favorable for its accomplishment. INTERESTING FACTS SHOWN Mr. Doherty of the Tortland BY OWENS DUST COUNTER chamber of Commerce, was an Ir rigon visitor Saturday. Mr. Taylor For more than a year part the of the Henniston Reclamation seiv Weather Bureau of the United fl , Elates Department of Agriculture has been determining the dust con- tents of the atmosphere in a sub-1 Gertrude Graybeal gave a party burb near Washington, D. C, by j.n the gym Saturday, March 29, for means of an Owens dust counter. ,,, t,.hq aA nni Knight One of the interesting faets brought out by these record, la that during 'i,1 a "wd tended. Games j the winter months, when coal is be- were played and there was a uttie Ing burned tor housenoin neating, dancing. A .nice supper was served the average number of dust parti- George C. Howard of Portland eles of a size that can be seen un- rlov tlia mirTimrnnn is nhnllt 830 Iter i cubic centimeter of space, which is and Attorney Woodson of Heppner more 'ban tic as many as in sum- were in Irrigon on business Friday mrr v.ii"n the average is a little less Mr. Woodson went back to Heppner than 400. 'on the train and Mr. Howard motor- Daring December, January, and ' . February 1923-24, the number of , ed back to Portland. dust particles in the atmosphere was little more han half that of the Alex Thomson of Echo has rented arae months in the preceding year. tne R s Lamareoux place for the' When bituminous coal was used very season and has taken charge. R. S wtjtal nt!ior iMtMWmMti Liken within the city and compared with Lamareoux has a contract hauling those In the suburb before mention ed, show that city atmosphere con tacted 1,831 dust particles per cu bic centimeter when the suburban atmosphere yielded a count of 761. Through the cooperation of the cord wood at Greshaui for some time this season and has gone there to do the hauling. Mr. F. L. Brown, our one-time army aviators at Polling Field. It county agent, now in the Insurance has been possible to measure the businpS8 at Heppner, made a busi ness trip through the district the dust content of the atmosphere un In nn nltiliwle of 10.000 feet. At this height the average number of last of the week. He reports wheat dust particles per cubic centimeter and prospects reasonably good in Is less than 50. while in summer, at the upper part 0f the county. 6.000 feet, which is nearly at the, top of the surface haze, it is about , , , , .q Mrs. U. W. Grimm and sons, are There is very close connection be- guests of Mr. and Mrs. C. C. Grimm tween the haziness, or dustiness, of for a few days. She motored to the atmosphere and the visibility. Most of the dust consists of finely divided mineral matter atl loess from the surface of the earth, al- Portland and came up on the train from there. On her return, she will drive from Portland to San Frnn- though soni diatoms, spores. and cIsco where Mr. Grimm is employ- C.HAKS OF TUBERCULOUS COWS REARED FUME FROM DISEASE Thirty calves dropped by tuber lous cows in the valuable breeding and experimental herd of the Unit ed States Department of Agriculture in Alaska from 1917 to 1920 ha been successfully raised and adjud ged free from tuberculosis. While ordinarily the practice of retaining such stock In the herd is to be con demned, and should p allowed only in extremely excopt'onal care"; the BUCOeea of the Alaskan experi ment proves that a very valuable animal which has becoj.ie infected with tuberculosis need not be slaughtered: and that the excellent qual'ties which such an animal would transmit to its offspring can be transmitted and perpetuated in the offspring without incurring any risk of transmitting the disease. Considerable effort ha3 been ex pended in developing a breed of ca tle suitable for Alaskan conditions by crossing the Galloway breed with Hoist ein-Frieslans, when in eplti of all known precautions having been taken the disease made Its appear ance In the herd. Measures were Sdoptod to retain the diseased ani mals and to raise "alve- from fiem because of their value. The di cased cattle were placed in nuarantlne 1" miles from the healthy herd and treated as sound Cattle, beirg given free access to pasterns and reeelvln"! the usual feed. For the first 24 hours after birth the calves were allowed to remain with their dan" in order that they might draw off the first milk, or co'ostruc, from th udders. They were then removed to separate Quarters and fed the pas teurized mttk from the tuberculous mother. Milk, top'her with grass and such other forige as was eaten at will, constituted 'be on'ire rati" until six months or age Wrhen eld eroui:h, thov were tetrt, and nron befhg pronounced healthy were add ed to the sound herd. Breeders of pure' red cattle prob ably will not retain reu-tors tor breeding excent In pare cises. oven though the affected animals are val uable. The experiment proves, how ever, that highly mized reactor! need not be slaughtered They can not be cured, hut they can be Iso lated and bred for the product'or. of healthy offsprings. (1UV BABY CHK'I S WITH CARE, DEPARTMENT ADVISES Practical poultry ra'scrs a'-' farmers are relying upon the larg hatcheries more and more each year as a source of supr'v for tuelr ne" crop of chicks. In other words, en''' year sees fewer and fewer chick batched under hens, and the mam moth hatcheries are taking the place, to a certain e'tent, of th; smaller incubators which are com monly operated on farms. It Is be cause of the fact that farmers are buying babv chirks from the Icrf commercial hatcher'es that official? of the United State; Depart ment of Agriculture feel the neeessit" of urging them to exercise great rcr" In deciding upon where to buy th! year's supply of chi-ks. The question of supreme hnnpr' ance to a purchaser of baby chid; Is the source of simply of eggs for the hatcheries. Manv of the hatch-1 cries have their business well or-v" Ized and are able to guarantee the , quality of the chicks. Some of thi hatcheries, however, are not SO p-.r ttcular where they purchase th" eggs they use and arc not able to guarantee high-qualltv chicks. Especially where the chicks al to be used for layers and for devel oping the flock, the purchaser should Insist Upon a satlsfaefOrj statement from the hatcherv an to th quality of eggs used. Only nure-1 bred chicks should b" purchased, He should satisfy himself that the eggl were from a flock of standard final ity with trap-nest records and that the flock was In good breeding ro dltlon. Purchase babv chleks win great care says the department. Ii is bett'r to nay a few cents more ( for good ouality chicks that ran be I guaranteed. I TEACHERS' INSTITUTE WEATHER INFORMATION' AIDS IS A BIG SUCCESS A GREAT VARIETY OF , BUSINESS The local teachers' institute Saturday was an unqualified cess. Over thirty teachers present including those of Hoardman school. The county superintendent on hand to discuss questions last T)l, rc,,.,.,,Rpumi n.-e bundled by sue- the Weather Bureau of the United were States Department of Agriculture the was wit h ront.uiiis innumerable the value to various 1 other Interests of exact climatic Information Ifancbs of llttess and venther or obtainable teachers and to deal with matter related to her office. State Superintendent J. A Churchill occupied most of th morning session with talks on subjects of school measurement and eighth grade examinations. . In the afternoon Mr. Churchill from the records of the bureau, A manufacturer of SnOW-removlng o- paratUS who Wished to enlarge the r.iarki t for his product wrote in re cently Inquiring as the th? areas tne throughout the co'-rtry where ui the usual) v beavv snowfall occurred, !n- terrenng mm irarri's, and necessi tating snow removal. In addition to the lt of BUCtl local I Ins which was it him. Including Alaska, be was explained the County Unit plan lor given information as to the depth of school administration, and was list ened to by a goodly number of Boardman and irrigon people. Miss Wolff bad charge of the musical program which included two numbers given b Children of the third and fourth grades. Fining (he noon hour the local teachers served a free luncheon to the visitors in the schooleal'eterln, fi r which they were rendered a vote of thanks. The only ufttpleasant feature1 of the day was the disagreeable weath er which prevented many people from attending the meeting. Watch th" litter the ycr and chr.r."' be -omen damp and localities it is besl at this time ol e as often as I heayy, in soph to change It ev cry Ion d'.'.ys. Damp Utters cause the house to ''e damp, and is the SOUTCS of much disease. It is good Idea to put clean fund on the floor of the brooder house uu- dernoath the litter, it laonlH m' plnced i.i the house several days be fore the chicks are put In so that I! will be thoroughly dried out. the heaviest snowfalls known and the aervage snowfall for different places on tjie list. A peculiar request wa ' 'tide not long ago for wind dat'i frori lions that did not have wind velo cities. A manufacture of wind mills requiring little wind o niwi'" them was Interested In Mndlftff U"t where conditions were l 'n t favor able for other types of wledmils. Persons preparing hlstorlia of towns and counties for speedier, or printed material, real estate book lets, or similar user, fretuontly in quire for weather data for a nun' or of yeatS past to incorporate in their acounts of a localitv. Such Info" i attOP is Willingly supplied from f1i records. Insurance companies rre now Insuring against drough. ruin, crop failure, hall tornadoes, Ii v l canes, and other destructive BMtr id phenomena, ail kinds of wr priefle ranging from fashion ?how. baseball games and enterttlnmenta to crop. Weather Bureau data for i th" basis of mte c mputatlon and settlement of all th"-e cases. The highest reward that C"l gives us for good work Is the ability to do better work. Men do not lack strcfh, they lack the will to concent rut i and act. IS FIVE CENTS ON THE DOLLAR OF VALU ATION TOO MUCH TO EARN? pollen have been found at all alti tudes up to 10,000 feet. In winder, however, in or rear the city, many products of combustion are found. An o' joct Lesson For Purebred s EXPERIMENT STATION NOTTS (Feed More Hay) Last week the financial phase of feeding hav were discussed. Now come the fertility features. The I aw of Compensation again applies No soli, much less our light arid soils which are low in organic mat ter, will permanentlv product crops which are continually remov ed without the return of the refuse. We must go even further than maintaining the fertility of our soils they must be built up. The de ficiency of organic matter and nit rogen Is best remedied by the re turn of manure to the land. Tvight years' results show that manure ap plied to Alfalfa at the ra'e of S ton per acre gives a return of 4!3 pounds of hay per ton of manure applied. ed with the Standard Oil Co. SENATORS ''' WASHINGTON A 1 1 E IH SY Washington. Of the entire num ber now in office the three men who have shown the greatest attention Or.e lot of wool that larked staple t tnP interests of their efnstitut cansed the importation of over 40 entg an(i wno naVo been most con head of purebred sheep Into Tyler , gigtently in their sats are Senator county. West Virginia, in 1923. ac-; McN'arv, Capper and Shepard. cording to reports to the Fnited i gneh la the rtatement of Afst states Department of Agriculture, j anrt Secretary Henrv M. Pose, of the The owner of this lot of wool had it I I.Tnited States Senate, who has cus graded while at the wan house in tody of the roll calls of the Sen the cooperatively pool early In thejators and he bases his statemert on j tr. It wa- pronounced good In i the records of th roll call durinr quality but lacking staple. He then asked the extension serviee what he could do to improve it and. follow ing the advice given, purchased a purebred Delaine ram in an adjoin ing state. A number of sharp grow ers of the county were present when the new ram arrived, and as s re sult of the interest in improved stock thus aroused a boys' and girls' shep club was organized. For club members and adult farmers, tot-ether. 4 0 registered ewes and three registered rams were brought into the county before the end of the year. the terms of the senators, So far as Senator McNarv is 'on cerned. Ms record Is almost perfect The only time he was away from roll calls since he cameNo 'he Sen ate was d-'ring the time of the death and funem'' of his wtfe some year? ago. and Inter when he was con fined to his hotel bv the grippe. Official figure tell the story of Senator McNary's devotion to Ore gon and the United States. He hau not mlsse 1 a single roll call or been absent from his desk during all the session since this congress met in December. IMPOSSIBLE TO EORfUKT RADIO WEATHER CONDITION" Several tlgdAs recently Hie sug gestion has been made that Hi Weather Bureau of the United states De pert men I of AffrHiltare undertake to Issue forecasts of con ditions affecting re.dio recent on. The matter has been lvn ear-rut consideration and concl'i-ler has been reached thai It Is not ad visable for the bureau to enpr.i- in such a profect at th" present time. It Is well known that radio re ceptions are far bettr In the winter thnn in the summer nnd at night than bv day; also, that, afparently, the weather Is one of th" factors that Influence the receptions. How-I vev. these relat'ons have not besn fully worked out. and other factors I are Involved. The whole mater has recently been the subject of eon j slderable Investigation, both In thl country and abroad and It Is al'n- gather probable that the time will i come when the forecasting of th conditions In question can be under taken with a reasonable MfUMtaM of success. Let us print those butter wrappers. If a business worth $10,000 earned $500 net in come a year (or $41 a month), would it be consid ered an unreasonable profit and proof that its prices were too high? The railroads are in that situation today. The 1923 net return for the whole country was less thnn 5 per cent. As of DeceRiber 31, 1919, th Interstate ( oniBierce Commission gave to the railroads a tentative valuation of $18,900,000,000. With actual figures for 1920, 1921, 1922 and with 1923 conservatively estimated as $1,100,000,000, there has hcin invested in the railways since this tentative valuation a net amount of $2,371,583, 000, making the value as of December 31, 1923, $21 271,583,0(10 On this amount the Railways in 1923 earned an aggregate uet operating income of approximately $997,010,000, or 4.09 per cent. The Government guarantee of earnings expir ed August 31, 1920. If this guarantee had been continued as repeatedly but erroneously claim ed the Government would owe the railroads more than a billion dollars. Last year the roads handled a record volume of business but could not earn the fair return of 5 per cent to which the Interstate Commerce Commission, under the Transportation Act, has found they arc entitled. If the roads cannot earn 6 tier cent in a big year, what will they do in a small year? The Transportation Act provides that if a road in any year earns more than 6 ner cent it shall pav one-half of the excess to the Government The Act is, therefore, a I. imitation rather than a guarantee. Civc Transportation Act Fair Trial Tb" TnnTri-:'t'ni Ael should be ylven n fulr t'"t and Us merits Judged by the retain of n rormnl period of reeeoWs length. The yenr lfl,;i "'s the first Hlnce the war under con ditions atuiroachlntr xtahlll-atlnn. What thr' rnllroed 'tuatlon deride 1i"'t row I" "ot ' "r law but more confidence. The railroads have emerged from the welter of the war. r-siered thir morale, made enormous in vntmftti of new i--o""v. nnd In 19E3 bandied a peak buflness with universal satlsfact'on. The Transportation Acl is the onlv really constructive raM'-end legislation of a generation. PreV'OUS acts wen- fctttMSt rolelv repre.ive In framing the Act the public Interest was para mount The Ait directs the nterstats Commerce Co'umlHrlon to "give due consideration to the transportation needs of the country and I'M neeessit v of enlarging railway facilities In or der to prwWe the people at the United states with adoqwtte tinnspnifiiti n." Olv the A t ii chance. Don' amend It. If the r"iuls are let alone tley Should make as good a record foi efficiency this eer an last, Constructive SUggestiMU are alwajs WCtCOOX April 1. 1H24 C. It. tilt AY, Omaha, Nebruska I'reitldent. UNION PACIFIC SYSTEM