lottOD B S 11 Feb 1
VOLUME IV
BOARDMAN, MORROW COUNTY, OREGON, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 29, 1924.
NUMBER 2
STATE MARKET AOEXT DEPARTMENT
What ails the nation's agriculture
is too low prices to the farmer and
too high to the family table.
Too low prices to the raisers re
sult in farmers quitting the land and
going to the cities for Jobs. Too high
prices to the consumers result in
less consumption and less demand.
If there could be a normal ratio
between the producing and selling
prices the whole country would be
vastly benefitted, and it would seem
that an aroused people could work
out one.
We have two great classes on the
the prosperity of which depends the
welfare of out country producers
and consumers. The only condiiion
that will really make an Oregon farm
a real home, and one that will hold
the boys r.nd rirls, is a crv '"Ion un
der which the owner or rent r feels
certain that he can sell his products
at a margin of which the working
class outside of the farms will be
contented is when they are able
to buy the necessary food products
of the farm at a fair profit margin
over the price the farmer receives,
and be able to save a little from the
wages or salary.
T! . are two dollars added to ev
ery one the farmer receives from
products when they reach the con
sumer. There can't be good business
conditions under such a system. It
is certain to tip itself over it is al
ready doing it.
Statistics are tedious, but they are
very significant these days. In 1900
sixty of every one hundred people
lived on the farms, contente,d anu
happy. Today sixty o"E every hundred
live in the cities and both the sixty
and forty per cent are dissatisfied
and rebellious.
In New England, New York and
Pennsylvania there are today 57,00'
unoccupied farms, four and one-half
millions of formerly cultivated land
abandoned.
In the middle Atlantic states there
are 2,775,000 less acres of improved
lands than there were in 1010. In
the east north central states there are
16,000 less farms today than theri
were in 910. In Indiana there are
10,000 less, in Illinois 14,000 less
and 10,000 less in Michigan. These
figures are from the government cen
sus, they are facts.
In Oregoi, thousands of ranchers
have left their farms during the past
four years and thousands more will
leave the coming year, unless condi
tions speedily change. A Portland
banker stated at the ,cent w;ieu,
meeting before the Portland Chnm
ber of Commerce that 200 banks had
recently failed in the Pacific north
west on account of failing farmers
and cattlemen.
There are a eomnarativcl v few
middle handling agencies that are
taking the profits that should go to
the producers and the lower prices
that should go to the consumers.
These middle agencies, not only in
agriculture hut in mannfacturine: in
dustries, are holding up national
prosperity to a large extent by their
profit tolls.
From both producer pnd comsunier
should come organization to control
production from the farm to the re
tailer. It would not be a formid
able undertaking if they would act
together and, enough of them act. '
With production, transportation and ,
marketing controlled, these many
large middle profits and expensns
could be eliminated, or retained by
the producers and consumers in co
operation. And if they were so re
tained and divided, there would be
prosperity In agriculture and con
tentment in labor. Two dollars' prof
it added to one dollar's worth of
goods is what ails this country.
TRICHIXIASIS
I Hy Frederick I). Strieker, M. D.
Collaborating Epidemiologist of the
Oregon Stale Bo.ird of Health in
Co-Operation with the United
States Public Health Service.
WARNING'! It is dangerous to
eat raw or undone pork. Pork, ham,
bacon and sausage may be infected
with trichina.
Trichir.iusis or trichinosis is a spe
cific Infection with the thread worm,
Trich'lnella Spiralis, and results from
eating meat infected with the living
encysted larvae of the parasite. The
life history of the parasite occurs in
three stages, the adult, the embryo,
and the encysted larvae. The larvae
are usually found in carnivorous and
omnivorous animals, such as rats and
mice, dogs, cats, hogs and man. So
far as infection in man is concerned,
the only animal of practical import
ance in the spread of the disease is
the hog. The rat is of importance
because hogs will devour dead rats.
When the encysted larvae enter
the digestive track of an animal cap
able of becoming the host of the
worm, the digestive juices disolve tne
capsule wall. The adult parasite de
velopes from the larvae in two oi
three days and goes through the pro
creation process mainly in the small
intestines. The males die, while the
females penetrate the intestional mu
cous membrane and lodge between
the epithelium and connecting tissue.
The embryos are discharged fully
formed from the female about eight
days after impregnation and pene
trate the lymphatic and are carried
to the mesenteric node and thoracic
duct, then to the general capillaries
they may wander into various regions
as the lungs, heart, brain, and scions
cavities. The majority reach the
voluntary muscles; those which sur
vive become eneapsuled larvae If the
host does not succumb to the in
fection. The main symptoms and
signs of the disease are associated
with the period of wonderings and
lodgement of the embryo.
The mortality from trichiniasis in
tile United States is about half that
for typhoid fever. There is a re
semblance to typhoid fever with ed
ema of eyelids and face, and muscu
lar plain and tenderness.
In a disease of this nature preven
tion is much better than cure, for it
is obviou3 that once the embryo are
in the general circulation it is too
late. The farmer who raises hogs
should be eduated regarding the j
danger of feeding the uncooked offal
or rats. Piggeries uhould be as rat-1
proof as possible, so that pigs them-
selves cannot kiland eat rodents.
The public should be taught not to
eat uncooked or under-cooked pork
or pork products.
Forty-two per cent of the farmers
feel that their financial difficulties
are due to low prices of farm pro
ducts, the United States Department
of Agriculture says. Seventeen per
cent attribute their condition to high
taxes; 11 per cent to high costs for
farm labor; 10 per cent to hign
freight rates; 10 per cent to hign
Interest rates; 6 per cent to reckless
expenditures during the boom per
iod; and 4 per cent to too much
credit
INCOME TAX IX NUTSHELL
WHO? Single persons who
had net Income of $1,000 or
more or gross income of $5.-
000 or more, and married
couples who had net income of
$2,500 or more or gross income
of 55,000 or more must file
returns.
WHEN? The filing period is
from January 1 to March 13,
1 92 4.
WHERE? Co!'.rfor of inter-
5 ne.1 revenue for the district in
which the person lives or has
his principal place of business.
MOW? Instructions on Form
1040A and Form 1040; also the
law and regulation'.
WHAT, Four per cent nor-
mal tax on the first $4,000 of
net income in exce:;j of the per-
sonal exemption ar-d credits for
dependents. Eight per cent nor-
" mal tax on b&Iahca of net in-
rone. Surtax from 1 per cent
to 50 per cent on not incomes
over $6,000 for the year 1923.
"It is very apparent that any pro
posed reduction by congress affect
ing the federal tax on 1 923 incomes
cannot he enacted into law end made
effective prior to March 15 which is
the final day for filing these returns
under the present law," announces
Clyde C. Iluntlv, collector of inter
nal revenue. "In view of this fact,
taxpayers must file their returns not
later than midnight, Saturday, Mareh
I Otherwise they will be fined for
delinquency,
"Taxpayers should not longer de
fer filing their returns and paying at
least one-fourth of the amount of the
tax. In event congress flnallv re
duces the rate of tax on Individual
incomes, those who paid their tax in
full will promptly and automatically I
receive a refund of the excess tax
paid. Those paying only a portion
of their tax will receive a credit on
their unpaid balance. Put I wish to
emphasize the fact that it is impera
tive for .(avnayers to file returns on
or before March 15 and pay ?l least
one-fourth of the amount of the tax
due "
Sickness or absence from the state
according to Col'eclor Iluntloy, are
the only excuses under which a tax-nri'-er
will be permitted to file his
federal income tax statement Inter
than Saturday, March 15, and not be
penalized for his delinquency. Even
then the taxpayer must apply to Col
lector Huntley for an extent-ion In
time of 30 days to complete and file
his return, assigning one of the two
reasons as an excuse. Such extensions
will be granted only when In the
judgment of the collector further
Utne is actually required for making
an accurate return. Application for
any extension in time must be made
prior to March 1 5.
CALVES FROM PUREBRSD HULLS
WEIGH MORE AND BRING MORE
The purchase of a good herd bull
is the first step forwaru in producing
better calves at a less cost per pound
In common or grade herds calves
sired by good purebred beef biuis
weigh on the average about 125
pounds a head more when one year
old than calves of the same age sired
by the general run of scrub bulls,
says the United States Department
oi' Agriculture, and Jthey ,sall for
about 2 cents a pound more as stock -ers
and feeders. Two-year eld steers
sired by good purebred bulls weigh
on an average about 200 pounds a
head more than steers of the same
age sired by scrub bulls, and sen
for from 2 to 4 cents a pound more
as stocrkers and feeders.
In the case of yearlings, scrubs
v Igb about 300 pounds, and when
they sell for about 4 cents a pound
v Stackers and feeders they bring
RI2 a head, while grades at the same
age weigh about 425 pounds, and
nell for about 2 cents more, or o
cents a pound, bringing $25.50.
'"v o year-old scrubs weigh about 525
pounds a head, and, assuming thai
1, . v sell for S cents a pound, will
bring $42 a head, while grades of
equal age weigh about 725 pounds,
and at 2 cents more a pound (10
cents) as stockers and feeders, bring
$72.50.
There is practically no difference
in the cost of feed for the two classes
of calves up to the yearling age, but
from that time on grades deve'rop
more capacity and require more feed
than scrubs. The difference in the
cost of feed, however, is a very small
Rem when the offspring of the good
bulls are worth practically twice as
much as those of scrub hulls.
Early spring vegetable plantings
will include spinach, radish, lettuce,
turnip, peas, and onion sets. Early
transplantings of vegetable seedling"
grown under glass will include cab
bage, lettuce and a few other small
plants. 1 hese early phases of work
tend toward early production, choice
vegetables and high prices.
A measuring instrument for at
taching to an automobile by wh.vn
the linear measurement of fields in
various crops bordering on highways
can be easily and quickly made has
been deUstd by the United Stales
Department of Agriculture. Success
ful experiments have been made with
the instrument, which will be used
in a number of states during the cur
rent year.
The air in the incubator is no bet
ter than the air in the room. Special
means should be provided in the In
cubator house to care for the heavy
gases. Large pipes placed near the
floor level and opening outside, will
help the situation. The lighter gas
es will escape through the window.
REINDEER TO HE CROSSED
WITH WILD ALASKAN CARIBOU
There are probably about 250, OOo
reindeers In Alaska, and it is expect
ed that the reindeer herds will be
come the basis of an Important fu
ture industry of the Territory. The
Biological Survey of the United
States Department of Agriculture has
undertaken to encourage the industry
I v studviim the diseases of the rein.
fleer, food and range problems, me
thods of handling, and particularly,
the improvement of the herds In size,
vigor, and meat producing qualities.
To this end a special worker from
the Biological Survey, Olaus J. Mit
rie, has spent the past three yea-s
investigating the caribou herds In
northern Alaska, with a view to lo
cating the large-sized caribou in or
der to capture bulls for crossing with
the reindeer. As reindeer are, iu
fact, domesticated caribou, it is ex
pected that herds Cfl bet greatly
strengthened In this way.
In addition to studies of the Cari
bou. Mr. Murle has made an Investi
gation of wild game conditions and
of conditions pertaining to land fur
hearing animals, He has made trips
by dog sled inland, covering country
through whl"h few white men have
been, often accompanied by only on,
assistant. He is preparing a report
on the result of his investigations,
which will he of interest to those
connected with the growing rein
deer industry.
ANYONE WANTING TO TRADE IR
rigated lands for Klickitat county,
Washington, timber lands kindly
write to H. M. Cox, Arlington, Ore
gon, describing the property offered
UMATILLA PROJECT
AIDED HY CHAMBER
An appropriation of $1000 to aid
the promotion of the so-called Uma
tilla Rapids Irrigation project, on
the Colunfbia river below Pendleton,
was authorized yesterday by the
directors of the Portland Chamber
of Commerce, according to the Morn
ing Oregonian of Feburary 28. The
allocation of funds was made at the
request of the Umatilla Rapids asso
ciation, headed by J. N. Teal, of Port
land. At the laset congress an appropri
ation of $50,000 was made for the
initial survey to determine the
feasibility of the projected dam site
and the amount of land which could
be included iu the prtoject. This
work has about been completed and
a report is expected within the com
ing few months. The association
was recently formed to continue the
efforts to obtain the construction
of the project.
About 300,000 acres are trlbutarv
to this section, accordine to Mr.
Teal, and the dam would provide
the necespary power for pumping
In addition it was declared that the
dam would aid slack-water naviga
tion on the upper river.
0
Growing Longer and Stronger Every Day
0
Let's all get married.
r 60 SH HOVW
S " 1W CHILD IS
(CW.ItO.)
"Wheat or Weeds" New Movie
I
How the spring-wiieal grower can
overcome losses from dockage, by,
eliminating wild oats, pigeon grass,
cockle, smut, and other roreign mat
ter at the thresher. Is told in a new
United States Department of Agri
culture motion picture, "Wheat or.
Weeds."
This new film Is a contribution
from the grain investigations divi
sion of the Bureau of Agricultural
Economics, It tells the story of the
average spring wheat grower losing
1 ' ", H v on everv bushl of wheat he
s'Mls because of dockage, and it pre
scribes the remedy clean wheat! j
Scenes include tin- actual opera
t'.on of the apsirator and disk re
cleaners nt the three tier, showing thoi
separation of wild oats and small j
weed seeds from the grain. Animated i
drawing visualise minutely tin1 actu
al workings of the disk recleaner.
"Wheat or W'eqds" will be circu
lated through the educational film
service of the department and the ro- I
operating state institutions. Copies
may be borrowed for short periods or
may be purchased ar the laboratory
charge.
Debate Hy Radio
Tonight, Friday, Will witness the
first lnter-colleglate debnte ever
known. Debaters from the Dniver- I
slty of Oregon ar ' Fn'vTs'tv of Cal
ifornia' wifl broadcast their argu
ments over 700 miles of space and j
radio listeners will be the judges, i
The California men will broadcast
from station ROW, Portland.
The debate will begin at 8 o'clock,
station KLX will a make a corres
ponding announcement of four min
utes. California will introduce the
first affirmative speaker. Harold
Cheriss. Each speaker may talk for
15 minutes with six minutes for re
buttal. The question for debate is: "Re
solved, that the Rok Peace Plat)
Should be Adopted.'" Each listener
will have one vote as a judge of the
debate. Those north of California
are asked to send their votes to the
Oregonian at Portland not later than
midnight, March 7.
Plan to have trees, shrubs and
berries ready to plant just as soon as
the ground can be worked, PacK
dirt flrmlv around the roots. Plant
ings should he made lust as early SI
the ground will permit without con
sequent baking. Winter planting is
desirable onlv when the ground M
dry enough to handle without bak
ing. GOOd Breeding Affects Meat Supply
At the edghtv-firsl annual meeting
of the British farmers' Blub, held re-1
cently, one of the principal speakers
discussed livestock Improvement j
win k oemg (lone in tne rniiea stales
Mid other countries. After referring
to a clrculnr Issued by the United
States Department of Agriculture on
the utility value of purebred live-s'or-k.
the speaker asserted that the
influence of purebred sires In im
l. o' ln- in't've '"rigor's of Cfltt'e nmt
sheep In all parts of the world, had
revolutionized the British meat sup
ply, and had made thoe countries
formidable competitors in the great
race for supremacy.
After referring to the better qual
ity of meat from well-bred livestock,
the speaker pointed nut that good
breeding usually resulted also In
earlier maturity, which enabled the
farmer to get a quicker turnovei
and thil" carrv more slock. A report
of the discussions was furnished the
Department of Agriculture by Les
lie E. Reed, the American consul In
charge in London. The report Is re
garded by department officials as
an accurate reference to Improved
livestock in the United States.
O. A. lileakman of Hardmnn has
announced his candidacy for County
Judge. Mr. Weak man has had four
years experience on the County Court
and the work will not be new to him.
He feels sure he can get our taxes
lowered If elected on account of his
previous experience on tie- board
GRIMM ALFALFA IS REST
FOR ALL EASTERX OREGON
Varictv is good yielder and long
lived; recommended by county agsnts
who find good seed.
More than 45,000 pounds of
Grimm alfalfa seed was planted in
Baker, Crook, Deschutes, Josephine,
Klamath, Lake, Union, Umatilla, and
Wasro counties last year, report
county agricultural agents. This var
iety has been found by the college
experiment stations to out-yleld
common alfalfa virtually without ex
ception and is advocated as the stan
dard in .eastern Oregon alfalfa dis
tricts. The first experiment station field
of Grimm was sowed on the Union
station many years ago. It Is even
now productive, but common alfalfa,
sowed at the same time, has long
since been frozen out. On the Burns
station, Grimm has demonstrated Its
Superiority over other varieties In
yield and ability to withstand cold
weather.
Of the 333,000 acres of alfalfa in
Baker county, only the crops of 1!)
farmers were known to be Grimm
prior to 1 923. In that year 40 grow
ers bought 6,351 pounds of Grimm
seed from local dealers. In Klam
ath county 10,000 pounds of Grimm
was lnirchased' last, year to 180"i
pounds of common. Crook county
farmers used 9231 pounds of Crl nil
last year as against 710 pound.' of
commo n.
On the farm of Fred Zaugg, Union
county, a seven-year-old field of
Grimm is still in a thrifty rondition
while common alfalfa along Ids of It
and of the same age Is weedy and
thin, in Wasco county, Grimm out
ytelda common about a half-ton to
the acre on the average,
in Josephine and Lake counties,
from 5 0 to 100 per rani of Peruvian
alfalfa killed out bv tree ring in from
one to four years, but Grimm stood
firm under the same conditions.
Sources of pure Grimm seed have
been located by county agents who
advocate purchases by samples that
have been tested for purity and ger
mination at the experiment station
seed laboratory.
old Oregon Trull Monument
An Interesting notice appeared In
the Oregonian of February 19, tell
ing of an elaborate marker, which is
to be placed at the end of the Old
Oregon Trail below Astoria.
Mrs. R. E. Barrett, city man.)"
of Warrington, Oregon, has been In
the east and In Washington, D C,
for several weeks in the Interest of
her town and of Oregon. Her ad
dresses before different clubs and or
ganisations so Impressed V. Clarke
Noble, noted sculptor, that he an
DOUnoed that he Intended to present
Mrs. Baitett with a bUtt Of herself.
Mrs. Barrett replied that shl would
much prefer to have his assistance
In designing a marker for the end of
the Old Oregon Trail giving him
some of her Ideus as to the charact
er of such a monument.
The general design will be copied
from Darling's cartoon, published at
the time of Theodore Itoosevelt's
death, entitled "At the End of the
Trail." At the base of the monu
ment In bronze relief will be tho
figures of John Jurnb Astor, Lewis
and Clark and Saeajawea, and also
the Old Covered Wagon.
Potatoes In some storage places,
are beginning to sprout. The need
to be well aired out to keep I hem
from heading and from git ting
worse. Where they are to be held for
a long time It may be advisable to
spread them out in shallow layers,
either in light or dark places and If
cool enough, little sprouting will occur.
March 8 the Legion and Auxiliary
will put on a comedy entitled "Let's
All Get Married." The title Is a
catchy one and the cast Is good. We
can expect a fine entertainment on
this night. The play Is a benefit for
disabled soldiers.
Because of the short cold snap In
the middle of the winter, some corn
which whs not properly dried out or
protected may have the germination
Injured. Tests should be made to
determine Its ability to germinute In
fore planting to insure a stand.
A Harold Lloyd picture Saturday
night, benefit Cemetery association.
COMMUNITY UHVMJN SEUVIGr
Every Miiiiaajr
Sunday School 10:30 a. ui
Church Service 11: JO a. m
Christian Lr.deavor 7:30 p. m
All are welcome.
ROT, B, S. HI (HIES, Pastor..
vV NT ED Fresb eggs and chickens.
French Cafe, Pendleton. au31tf
BIG PACKAGE
Let's all get married.
UI
Cigarettes
24M9