""otsoo K S
9
N MIRROR
VOLUME IV
BOARDMAN, MORROW COUNTY, OREGON, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1924.
NUMBER 1
STATE! MARKET AGENT DEPARTMENT
By C.E. SPENCE, Market Agent.
A movement has started in eastern
Oregon to organize the stockmen into
a co-operative selling agency. It has
started in but one county, Wallowa,
but the state mai'Ket agent says it If
the expectation that all tae bitter
cattle raising counties will follow
with organizations and that a state
wide shipping association may be the
result and that the ultimate purpose
is a stockman's commission firm at
the Portland stockyards.
At the organization meeting in
Wallowa, reports of the condition of
the cattle raisers from nearly all
sections of the state were made, and
the outlook is most gloomy. It was
the general sentiment that there
must come some speedy relief or the
most of the cattle men must quit the
business and abandon their ranches.
That t)i is condition is not exagger
ated, the following from a bulletin
sent out by the U. S. Department of
Agriculture, from the ..... .un of
crops and live stock, will show. The
bulletin is circulated from the Port
land office, and gives the outlook and
condition of the stockmen in all the
cattle raising counties of Oregon, as
sent in by the depart ment's reporters
in the various counties. The follow
ing lira the condensations:
Baker county, Keating: "The price
of crKl'u is 'rotten' here, can hardh
give , . i away."
Ci c k , county, Paulina: "The fi
nancial condition of the cattlemen in
this vicinity is very bad; the feed sit
uation is very good, plenty of ha
and not enough cattle to eat it."
Deschutes county, Bend: "The fi
nanrial situation is bad. The price of
labor and the price to be had from
products are out of proportion. As
a result we are going to have many
less farmer! and stockmen very
soon.'
Grant county: "Most ranchers are
in di bt as far as they can go; by liv
ing economically they can pay theii
debts and interest but none of the
principal. If taxes and what we have
to buy would come down to normal,
we might yet pull out."
Hitter: "Cattlemen are in very bad
shape and if they are crowded very
much, or if Renditions do not change
a considerable number are liable to
go broke this year."
(iilliam county, Condon: "We
should have just double what we arc
now getting, as a cow dollar is only
worth fifty cents of most everything
we have to buy."
Harney county, Hums: "Twenty
percent of the cattle in this county
have been sold and moved out. The
financial situation is very depressed
on account of low prices and high
cost of production through labor, tax
es and freight rates."
Jackson county, Ashland: "Am
holding my herd over until spring in
hopes of disposing of the entire lot
at somewhere near cost. Estimate of
cattle in county 50 per cent of norm
al. Herds are being bought in thi:
county for $20 per head, small cat
tle thrown in."
Josephine county, Takilma: "One
cannot begin to raise catle for what
buyers will pay."
Klamath county, Hly: "Cattle ar
below the cost of production, so il
there is anything you can do, for
God's take, do it as once."
I.orella: "Many of the cattlemer
have gone bankrupt and the rest an
going that way.'
Lake county, Fork Rock. "Bend
butchers offer us eight cents per
pound for beef, dressed and deliv
ered." Lake County, Landax: "Poor mar
kets, high taxation and cost of graz
ing, I was forced to sell everything.
The reason I have marked the range
75 per cent of normal is because it
is growing up to worthless brush."
Pnion county, Klgin: "These are
troublesome times for the cattlemen
and wheat growers. Forty per cent
of tne cow men here have sold out
and quit."
Wallowa county, Bartlett: "Every
dollar I have received from cattle
for the past three years has cost me
at least 200 cents."
Wasco county, The Dalles: "The
cattleman is but little better off than
the wheat raiser, and both are about
at the bottom of the hill."
Isn't it about time that the bus
iness interests of Oregon realize the
results that are certain to follow?
Isn't it about time that a state-wide
movement is made to save the cattle
industry?
REV. HUGHES AT OLD
OREGON TRAIL MEET
Rev. B. S. Hughes reports a great
gathering at the meeting of "The
Old Oregon Trail," at Baker and La
Grande. He represented the Umatil
la Commercial club at both places,
making an address at Baker before
about 400 mem then at La Grande to
about 2 00 men.
Mr. Hughes said it was the little
town by the "damsite", but was
ready to make it the big town as it
was known when it was the landing
place for all boats in the freighting
days.
Mr. Hughes talked to all the high
way commissioners regarding Uma
tilla Bridge and they gave promise
of their hearty support.
The La Grande Observer has the
following to say in regard to Mr.
Hughes' talk at La rGande:
Revi rend 15. S. Hughes, formerly
Presbyterian pastor at Union, but
now in Umatilla county contributed
one of the most interesting speech
es of the day. Ministers of the gos
pel are always orators and Rever
end Hughes is above the ordinary.
He eulogized the great home-seeking
trail in a manner that met in
stant applause and concluded with
the recitation of the following poem:
IX OREGON
The moonlight falls the softest
In Oregon;
The summer das come of test
In Oregon;
Friendship is the strongest,
Love's light glows the longest
And you aways feel the youngest
In Oregon.
Life's burdens bears the lightest
In Oregon;
The home fires burn the brightest
In Oregon;
The kitchens are the cleanest,
Our appetites the keenest,
And the ham is always leanest,
In Oregon.
melons grow the roundest
In Oregon;
bankers are the soundest
In Ortgon;
The game is always gamest,
The wardens are the lamest,
And the bulldogs are the tamest,
In Oregon.
The new is always newest
In Oregon;
Politicians are the fewest
In Oregon;
The water is the clearest,
The wine is never dearest,
Yet it often acts the queerest
In Oregon.
The
The
Mrs. Ed Sylvester of Lebanon,
Ore., came a week ago to visit with
her parents Mr. and Mrs. C. S. Cal
kins, who purchased the Larsen
place. Mrs. Sylvester has been quite
ill for some time and came home to
recuperate. Miss Hazel Newton of
Echo, an old friend of the family,
will come Saturday for a short vis
it at the Calkin's home.
BOTULISM
(AUantiases)
Botulism is a deadly food poison.
The name botulism has lost its or
iginal significance whien was sausage
poisoning. It was thought that the
germ that produces the poison caus
ing botulism would grow only in
sausage, but it is now known that it
wll grow in ham, cottaga cheese,
string beans, corn, asparagus, and
ripe olives.
Botulism is a rare disease but Is
more common in Europe than in
America. In a period of twenty-two
years there were 160 people ill and
111 died of the disease, among ap
proximately 100 million people.
Therefore it cannot be compared in
magnitude to tuberculosis or syphilis.
Botulism is the cause of forage poi
soning in horses and of limberneck
in chickens and turkeys.
There has been a marked increase
in the number of recorded outbreaks
of botulism in the United States
within the last ftw years. The pres
ent out break in Albany is the only
one in the history of Ortgon and in
the number of cases and rate of fa
tality is one of the greatest in this
country.
The bacillus botulinus grows only
when deprived ot air and at room
temperature. It produces the botu
linus toxin. The botuUnus toxin is
the only one of the true, toxins that
is poisonous when taken by mouth.
Il is exceedingly poisonous. A 250
gram guinea pig was killed by 0.000
001 c. c. or 1-200,000 of a drop of
toxin. Persons have been known to
die from "nibbling" a small portion
of a pod of string beans.
Symptoms of poLoning may ap
pear in as short a period as four
hourii and as long as six days after
lating food containing the poison.
The general appearance of the pa
tient is o:ie of muscular weakness, l
anxiety, utter helplessness, difficulty
in swallowing, struggle for breath,
and unsuccessful attempts to articu
late, making a picture which once,
seen will never be forgotten.
The poisoning is caused by a toxin 1
and not the germ. It may developi
in many of the foods we eat when tliej!
conditions are right. All that Is
necessary for the formation of the,
poison in many kinds of canned food,
is that spores of the organism re-1
main alive within the container aft-1
er it has been processed. The spores
of the bacillus wil resist the tem
perature of boiling water several
hours. J J
Jiotun.sm can be prevented by ex
ercising the following precautions:
I. Do not use any canned food
which shows the slightest sign of
spoilage.
II. Use no canned food unless it
has been processed at high temper
ature; this is especially applicable
to vegetables of the type that are
used in salads. To insure high tem
perature a pressure cooker is a necessity.
CITY STORAGE TANK
EXPLODES
About 5 o'clock Thursday evening
Boardman inhabitants were startled
by an explosion which proved to be
one of the storage tanks of the new
city well which blew up, the end
having blown completely out. For-!
tunately Mr. Macomber, who has
charge of the pumping, was not in
the pumphouse but was at his home
On examination it was found that ,
the tank must have beep defective,!
because there was not an excessive 1
I
amount of pressure; in fact, was not;
as high as usual. The tanks were
just covered, the last of the gravel :
put over wh n the accident happened. ;
The tanks and pumping outfit were
purchased from the Fairbanks-Morse
Co. Everyone is pleased that Mr.
Macomber was not injured. ,
The Washington-Lincoln program,
given at the shcool house was very
good. The drill given by the Wood
n Soldiers some of the primary
pupils was especially enjoyed. All
did well and reflects great credit
1.1 (iie teachers who trained them.
Weeds, some new and dangerous.!
ave increased throughout the state
o such an extent that they have be
, ome a menace both tc crop produc
Ion and land values. Heavily seed
d annual weeds are troublesome to
e . districts while others arc
troubled with perenials such as Can
ada thistles, quack grass and morn
ing glories.
No part of the state is free from
this pest so the farmers at the agri
cultural conference held at the state
oil ge in January made the follow
Ing a part of the slate-wide pro
gram for combating this menace, if
possible, they wish to stop the weeds
from gaining a foothold in Oregon
Control of weeds by continued
scientific experiments, and compen
sation by the land owners, for the
Center who succeeds in effective con
rol of them, are suggested.
A world crop and market report
ing service has been developed by the
'Ju.vau of Agricultural Economics
i'nited States Department of Agricul
uro, to collect, summarize and in
terpret demands and competition ir
foreign markets. The news is flashed
out by radio and telegraph, so that
I he farmer may know as soon as tin
trader the size or condition of crop:
in other parts of the world.
The farm population of the Na
tion, although less than 30 per cent
of the total, is carrying more than
S5 per cent of the child population,
says the United States Department of
agriculture. The farm is charged
v.sth the duty of educating this ex
cess of youth and turning It over to
the cities at the producing age.
By scraping the scaly bark from
trunks of apple trees and cleaning
out the crotches with a dull hoe or
other tool the numer of codling
moth wintering there may be re
duced. These hibernating forms an
the progenitors of next summer'.'
apple worms.
I don't think much of a man who
is not wiser today than he was yes
terday. Lincoln.
The teachers left on No. 1, for
their various homes for the weekend.
Farm products are often shipped
gnat distances when they might be
sold with greater profit close at hand
says the United States Department of I
Agriculture. Surveys are now being'
made by the department In various
parts of the country to determine the
extent of this wasteful practice and
to help farmers make readjustments !
in their farming and marketing to'
enable them to meet local market de
mands. I
Patience is bitter, but its fruit
sweet. Rousseau.
ANY GIRL In trouble may communi
cate with Ensign Lee of the Sal
vation Army at the White Shield
Home, 5C5 Mayfair Ave., Portland
TIIF. QUELLE A good place to eat
in Pendleton.
The Battle Is On '
.
Fertfltoer Work la Extensive
Among the concrete results of ex
tension work along agricultural line'
which may be cited is increaed in
terest on the part of farmers in th
work with soils and in the use of j
commercial fertilizers. During the!
year 1922, according to the I'nited I
Plates Department of Agriculture. I
213.000 farmers consultpd their1
county agents in regard to the use of
commercial fertilizers. In addition
farmers conducted 15.235 fertilizer;
and 4,035 lime demonstrations.
As a result of the activities in con-
nectlon with lime, 48,000 farmer I
used 630,000 tons according to the j
methods advocated by the agents. In j
addition to the above, 105,000 farm-'
ers modified their methods of soil !
management. In order to maintain I
and improve soil conditions, 3,750
drainage systems, involving 575,000 i
acres, and 29,000 pieces of terracing, j
Involving 4 4 5.000 acres, were carried
DM according to the methods out- i
lined by the extension forces.
------ -r-- -
I fCopyr itta,-..P.)
President's Conference Endorses Ex
port Commission mil
Support for the McNary-liaugen
Export Corporation bill has received
an unanticipated but powerful stimu
lus In Washington as a result of the
Northwestern financial conference,
called by President Ooolidge. 'the
conference, after considering meth
ods tor relieving the banking situa
tion in Northwestern states, the re
salt of low prices for farm products,
turned over to the agricultural dele
gates who had been called by Presi
dent Ooolidge, the task of selecting
the proiosod legislation now befOri
congress which should be endorsed
these agricultural representative!
numbering In all about thirty men ot
northwestern farm sections unani
hiousily urged upon congress the en
uctment of the McNary-Haugsn Ex
port Corporation bill, with resolu
.ions including the following:
"The agricultural delegates here
assembled take this occasion to urg.
upon the Sixty-Eighth Congress that
they enact into iaw, for the relief o'
agrit tllture, the substance and basic
principles of tin .VcNary-llaugoi
measure to restore farm purchastni
power, and the Norboek-llurtnes
measure for government credits t
promote diversification of production
in wheat areas both of which mea
urea are now before Congress."
lgger Returns Possible From Bet
tor Livestock
Kansas dairy farmer.; ,ou!d' in
lease tiuir returns $80,000,000 n
ar by better fefding and better
toik, according a I'd ported estl
Kites of J. M. Krancdon, a dair
p n iallst, at a recent Kansas agfiCUl
iiral convention. This estimate i
om Idered typical of condition
tiroughout the country by livestock
d dairy experts of the Unltei'
' m of Agriculture
which is prepared to assist state .
...a stions and indivibuala In im
roving their methods In breeding
ml feeding. The use of purebred
ires particularly, Is a practical eco
lOtnl al and rapid means of ImprOV
ng the quality oj' domestic animals,
according to department records,
lore than 12,700 livestock owners
uive placed their herds and flocks on
l strictly purebred-sire basis, and re
orls from these farmers show that
urebred livestock has about 40 pei
"tit utility value over common
stock.
s a means of encouraging better
ledlng methods, the department has
leveloped a simple problem sheet,
(hielt may be procured and filled
tat by any livestock owner. A spe
ilali; t of a state agricultural colleg
r the department, then makes an
nalysis Of each problem and points
Kit the means for solving it.
FARM POINTERS
Orchard sanitation means the re
moval of sources of disease and In
ct infestation from the orchard
iummled fruit and diseased or dead
wrlgs and branches should bt care
uiiy removed at pruning time, This
efune together with the ordinary
innings should be destroyed l:
urn ing. The old leaves in the or
hard, which are an important sourci
I 1 1 1 ease, should be plowed Under
tore the trees begin to come Into
leaf and bloom each year.
Urown-rot is the subject of expert
tent station circular number 53.
vrltten by H, P, Hrass, station plain
lathologist, The great loss of stone
ruits In Oregon last year, prompted
he publication of this circular Ite
nits and Information iscured from
B years of experiment work are in-
luded in it.
The mil lire of brown-rot and n
lated troubles, natural conditions
promoting and retarding growth, and
'he control measures and material
used are main topics of the circular
This is the first material put out on
brown-nv' in Oregon for neurly 15
.ears. The circular Is well illustrat
(I and like all station circulars, It if
listributed free to citizens of On
;on 00 request.
Unmarketable potatoes can be fed
gradually up to a maximum amount
if 25 pounds per day. Contrary to
;oneral opinion potatoes do not af
'ect the milk when fed. Cull appbi
iay be fed in a similar way wlih no
ad affect to the cow, such as de
ceasing the milk flow.
You receive more for first grade
tpples, eggs and grain why not
uore for first grade cream? Keep
your separator clean and handle the
utensils In a sanitary way. Many
antiers do not clean their separa
tOW right after each separation
which results In the accumulation of
dirt and bacteria causing much of the
ream to be graded as second grade
ream. Quality pays in cream as
well as In other products.
CLEAN EGOS, GOOD STOCK
PRODUCE HEALTHY CHICKS
New Extension Circular (Jives Other
I'OintS on P.lght Ways of Get
ting Vigorous Hens
Dark, clean nests wil reduce the
number of cracked and dirty ogga tor
hatching, reports H. H. Cosby, poul
try extension specialist in a new ex
enaion service bulletin on batching
,ud feeding chicks.
"Strong, fertile eggs are necessary
In hatching strong vigorous chicks,"
,e says, "it should not be expected
hat strong healthy chicks will be
latched from breeding slock which
i underfed, overfat, of low vitality,
r unhealthy, any more that it should
e expected to hatch vigorous chicks
torn breeding stock that has been
oreed for high egg production."
free range Is an important factor
n hatching eggs, but if through
.eiesslty the breeds are confined to
i small area, it is imperative that
hey be given a variety of feeds and
0 compelled to exercise.
It is desirable to gather the eggs
or hutching purposes two or three
UUCB a da;, to prevent chilling. Eggs
for hatching should be kept in a
lutperature between 50 and 60 do
;rees. Though stale eggs frequenl-
1 will hatch, it is not advisable to
tse for hatching eggs that are older
than 10 days.
The breeding pen should be mated
about three weeks before eggs are to
be incubated. During the first three
or four days it will not be necessary
to turn eggs intended for hatching,
JUt alter that time they should be
-urned daily. Hatching eggs should
ie placed In a regular market egg
ase and the ease turned on a din f
ent side daily after the first week.
Eggs that are purchased for hatching
ihould rest 2 4 hours before being Incubated.
PROPOSAL TO MAKE MILK THE
NATIONAL DRINK Is FAVORED
"Resolved that we, the agricultur
al representatives of thi common
wealth of the great utata ot Kansas,
do favor and recommend the eslab
Itshmt ut of milk as a national
drink."
This resolution was adopted at the
Kansas Agricultural Convention held
early in January at Topoka, Kans.
The convention Included prominent
agricultural organizations and Offi
cial! of the state.
The resolution was based on the
preamble that "our boys and girl.;
are the men and women of to-morrow,
and healthy physique Is con
ducive to good citizenry.'" Another
basis for the resolution was recog
nition that the dairy cow is the fos
ter mother ami an Important flnan-
ial support of the Nation.
This resolution Is believed, by
lairy officials of the United Btatttl
department of Agriculture to be the
Irs! Of lis kind on record. Dr. V,. W.
Larson, Chief of the Dairy Division
of tile department, expressed I he
pinion that the proposal to make
jllk a national drink Is an appro
bate recognition of "(he drink of
tealth," as it is sometimes cniied.
"Certainly," Doctor Larson re
narked, "milk Is worthy of the dis
tinction as a national beverage. In
addition to Its high nutritive value
ind health-giving properties as a
Link, it yields other valuable food
;uoducts, Including butter, cheese, ice
ream, milk powder, and condensed
nilk. Its by-products enter into the
tanufacture Of almost countless pro-
Ittets, The widespread distribution
of dairying in every state and Iti
growth In our Island possessions also
ippear to warrant the selection of
milk as a national drink."
Causes of Tiihei villous Infection
The causes of persistent tubercu
lous Infection in herds of tattle un
ler the supervision of Slate and Fed
eral officers are outlined in a recent
report by the I'nited Stales Depart
ment of Agriculture on the progress
of the eradication of bovine tubercu
losis. Among the causes are: Exposure
to Infected animals at county fairs,
;t reams contaminated by tuberculous
material, Infected water in ponds, si
lage InfeotSd from hog litter, and ad
ditions of tuberculous cattle to the
herd.
One Instance reported was of a
herd of 13 head that had "ts
clean" and was put on exhibit at a
OOttnty fair. Eleven of the herd wi re
placed opposite an Infected lo rd so
'hat they faced them On re testing,
the 11 all reacted and lbs two that
were stalled elsewhere passed clean.
February Is the Ideal month In
which to spray for the control of
San Jose scale and blister mite In
ase of a period of settled weather
DON effective results may be obtain
ed than with later applications.
Road ways and ditch banks are
the winter quarters of Injurious
crop insects. fly burning over these
waste places the hibernating pests
are exposed to unfavorable condi
tions which will destroy many of
them.
NEW
8IG PACKAGE
I
Cigarettes
2415f
A
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J
D