dittos Ji. S
THE BOARDM
RROR
VOLUME III.
BOARDM AN, OREGON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 19,1923.
NUMBER 36
FARMING PROSPERITY IS
VISION OF O.A.C. DEAN
No Need for Alarm Over Decrease in
Agricultural Students Thruout
Nation, Declares A. B. Cordley
From Department of Industrial Jour
nalism, Oregon Agricultural College
Present indications point to a ris
ing tide in farming conditions all
over the United States, according to
A. B. Cordley, dean of the school of
agriculture.
Although 10 leading agricultural
colleges of the country report an av
erage decrease of 28 per cent in de
gree students in agriculture, Dean
Cordley sees no need for t,Hri over
. the situation. The agricultural de
I pression of the last two years, the
continued propaganda to the effect
that the farmer is the "under dog"
have caused this condition, he be
lieves. "Farming conditions are surely on
the upward trend," says Dean Cord
ley. "The nation has passed the low
point in agricultural depression, and
prices for farm products are rising
while the cost of farm commodities
is falling. The student who does
not allow his future to be influenced
too much by present conditions is
making a good investment in com
mon sense, because agriculture is a
basic industry, and in the long run
It must be profitable. We are ap
proaching a period of agricultural
prosperity, and when it comes, it will
bring increased opportunities and de
mand for trained leaders."
A statement by Senator Arthur
Capper, wheat belt publisher and
chief of he senate farm bloc, corrob
orates Dean Cordley's belief as to
the upward tendency of agriculture
The income of farmers this year will
be a billion dollars over last, the sen
ator predicts, and altho conditions
are still not what they should be,
progress is rapidly being made, and
the vast majority of farmers are feel
ing better.
80 Pounds Best Ijimb Weight
The ideal fat lamb weighs about
80 pounds. Lambs that are much
heavier will not bring as good a
price on the market as the smaller
lambs and when they get up to 90
or 100 pounds the cut in price is
usually very heavy regardless of the
condition and quality.
Feeding one pound of grain a day
and all the alfalfa hay they will eat,
lambs should gain a quarter of a
pound a day. The lambs should be
fat and weigh 80 to 85 pounds when
Ploughing Hits Crown Borer
By plowing up old strawberry fields
of three years of age or more, crown,
borer and root weevil Infestation can
be remedied, according to A. L. Lov
ett, entomologist of the Oregon ex
periment station. The ground saould
be worked well and if practical
planted to fall grain. . New straw
berry fields should occupy other soil
not recently in strawberries. They
will produce profitably for three
years when they should be plowed
up again and followed by a three
year rotation of crops. At least one
of these should be a cultivated crop.
Plowing up seems to be the only
remedy for crowwn borer and root
weevil infestation.
Quarantine against the leaf and
stem nematode will not go into ef
fect, according to information from
the Federal board of horticulture.
Local control measures will have to
be emphasized instead of a drastic
quarantine.
NEW
BIG PACKAGE
M
Cigarettes
2415f
'S GREATEST
BANKING SYSTEM
P Big Events in the Lives of Little Men
C. B. Hazlewood
By CRAIG B. HAZLEWOOD
President Association of Reserve City
Bankers
Conceived in the spirit of common
good, for the best Interests of govern
meat, banks and public alike, based
on broad and cur
rect principles re
lating to tbe na
tion's c u r re n c y
and credit, the
Federal Reserve
System repre
sents the greatest
piece of economic
legislation enact
ed by an Ameri
can Congress.
The Systems
record of achievement through a
world war, an inflation period of dizzy
heights, and months of serious and
costly liquidation. It is a matter of
greatest Importance that very earnest
and patriotic thought be given to the
two questions: How far has the sys
tem succeeded, and In what particu
lars has it failed, to give our country
as strong and as useful a financial
system as human mind can devise?
The hope and expectation of those
who framed the Federal Reserve Act
that the machinery set-up for tbe
origination, distribution and automatic
retirement of currency issue, which
should bo entirely responsive to the
needs of trade and the varying
conditions of business, have been won
derfully well realized. Every possible
effort must be exerted to preserve the
Federal Reserve System from political
alliance and to keel) Its powerful In
fluence entirely devoted to the build
lug up of the greatest banking system
In the world.
The first bank of the United State.'
was established in 1791 and failed to
obtain a renewal of its charter in 1811.
the opponents charging that the bank
was a "money trust" controlled hy
'orelgners, a tool in the hands of the
Federalists, and that the act charter
Ing the bank was unconstitutional.
Note the use of the words "money
trust" We have the idea that this is
a modern term. The suspicions which
animate the demagogue today have
not changed In a century.
The second bank of the United
States was chartered in 1816 and
failed to obtain a renewal of Its char
ter in 1831, the reasons being a wide
-ipread belief that the bank was uncon
stltutlonal, the hostility of the states,
the opposition of the state banks, the
rise of democracy, and the envy and
hatred which the poor always feel to
ward the rich.
Bo;h banks functioned well and ac
lompiished much for the country dur
ng crucial times. The downfall ot
both was caused simply and solely b
ittempts to place the determlnatlor
of banking policies In the hands of
political authorities.
The delicate handling of currency
and credit, to the high end that the
best interests of all may be serveii
with special privilege to none, cannj'
be left to others than those who an
computont through proven Judgment
and '-xperience. The danger of poli
tics In the Federal Reserve System Is
a real one; upon us Is placed the
grave responsibility of forever keeping
the great system clean.
STANDS GUARD IN RIVER
"Soldier of the Bronx," In Faded
Blue, Ha Kept Thirty
Year Vigil.
South of the new bridge that spans
the Bronx river at Gun Hill road, the
Soldier of the Bronx still maintains
the solitary vigil in the river, if the
Inscription of 181)3 on his pedestal Is
authentic he has been on duty 30
years The blue has almost faded
from his military cloak, leaving bare
the graying wood
The figure is a life-size replica of
a Civil war soldier. It stands on a
stone pedestal In the shallow waters
of the Bronx river. The stream Is
narrow at the spot and one can ap
proach dose to the statue from either
bank.
Speculation as to the reason for the
statue's existence and position in the
river has given rise to several
legends. Probably there is a bit of
truth in each. According to one ac
count a wood carver who lived In a
cottage with rear garden extending to
the water's edge set the statue In the
river as a distinctive touch to mark
his place.
Whatever his origin the Soldier of
the Bronx stands In the river through
time and the works of the parkway
commission have changed the section
roundabout. The weather has rough
ened his contours a bit, but neverthe
less be remains at hit solitary post
New York Time.
THE ETHICAL SERVICE
BUSINESS RENDERS
BY J. H. PUELICHER
President of the American Banker
Association
I sometimes think we lay too much
stress" on the technical efficiency
of our business Instrumentalities and
too little on their
moral services.
Is It enough to say
to our radical oppo
nents of the present
capitalistic order that
it effectively feeds
and clothes and
bouses and furnishes
WWII us with physical com-
J. H. Puclicher
forts and plea Urn
AGRICULTURAL PROGRAM
FOR OREGON SOON READY
Aim to Help Fanner Realize Profits
on His Industry Coniiiieiisurwto
with Expense and Vulue
From Department of Industrial Jour
nalism, Oregon Agricultural College.
To assist In bringing about con
ditions that will make it possible for
the Oregon farmer to realize from
his labor and investment, returns that
are commensurate with those re
ceived in other lines of endeavor, the
Extension service of the Oregon Ag
ricultural college has made a de
tailed study of agriculture in this
state and will soon publish this in
formation in bulletin form under the
title "An Agricultural Program for
Oregon."
This study points out what crop,
livestock and fruit products are be
ing grown, where and in what quan
tities, and how this production har
monizes with consumption demands.
Account is taken of both the ability
to produce and the possibility of
profitably marketing the product.
It is shown that the population of
the state has grown from 13,000 in
1850 to 783,000 in 1920 and that
the value of farm property has in
creased from 5 million dollars to
818 million In thre same period. Nev
ertheless, only 8.2 per cent of the
state's 61,188,480 acres are listed in
the U. S. census for 1919 as "im
proved land."
A definite program: for agricul
tural development is suggested as a
guide for all agencies Interested in
improving farm conditions in Oregon.
MAKING AND FAKING OF GEMS
Coimtei feitcr Finds Diamond Most
Wonder, ul of PrMtVBS Stones and
Hardest to Imitate.
When buying stocks. Jewelers have
always tu lit) ou their guard. Imita
tions made i'roua ijiuss may be Ignored,
for etell Hie I. nest reproduction would
not puss the most i leaieulaiy test
that oi the Hie for hardness.
Perhaps the cle, eresl counterfeits
of gems buve been constructed In
luhoiutoiies where the exact chem
ical coiis'.ituin of the real stone are
taken ami fused together under great
heat. The article produced, when cut,
polished, and set, posses--.es in an ex
traordinary degree the hardness, dur
ability, and luster ot Nutures own
stones.
The sapphire and the ruby have
been very sTMToasfuHj counterfeited,
but the drawback to this method uf
reproduction is its expense and the
lung piocess Involved. The stones
produced in this way lire invariably
sold as "synthetic gems."
Another method, and one to which
the term "tultinj" might be applied,
has been used to obuila the emerald
and aquamarine. I'or this purpose
ordinary rock crystal Is used.
This stone Is cut In the same man
ner as an emerald or aquamarine
would be cut. It is then spill, color
ing mutter Is Insetted, and the stone
Is then carefully rejoined with Invls
ihle cement, with the result that the
unco-transparent crystal becomes i
rich-Colored gem of enhanced value.
In deulin;; with diamond the coun
terfeiter Is tip against the most won
derful of Nutures gems. The vari
ous efforts of scientists have met with
absolute failure, or success In such
an Infinitesimal degree as to maite the
production ludicrous.
jTwific International Live Slock Exposition!
LONG DELAYED LADIES AID
PLAY UNQUALIFIED 8KVESK
The Ladies Aid play which has
been planned for the past year and
a half was given last Saturday ni&ht
to a packed house. The play was
full of humorous situations, but cad
no plot to speak of. it was called
"Scenes In a Union Depot" and por
trayed the events of a day as one
might see them in any station.
Miss 'Nona Hands directed the play
and handled it in a very capable
manner. The cast was far too large
for this community and for the small
stage, there being over 50 characters;
but everything went off satisfactorily
and the audience seemed heartily
pleased.
It would be t'Tfflciilt to mention
the numerous Individuals who tool;
part, but Mr. Wleklandcr as n wid
ower with six children and Mr. John
son as a prim old maid who had a
strange baby forced upon her were
given a "good band" by the audi
ence. Mrs. Johnson's costume was
especially capeivating. Both babies
behaved with reat decorum.
Mrs. llalleng'T, as the fussy wife,
ordered Mr. Johnson to bring her
lemonade and chocolates, to see
about tbt tlnm and olhiJ;) IhtBff
which he did with such a meek and
resigned air that they, too, received
a round of applause.
"Yes, we have no papa" sung by
Gloria Wick lander and Howard
Klages In costume was especially en
joyed. All did well and the Ladles
Aid wishes to thank each one who
took a part In the play for their
help, and at the Aid meeting a ris
ing vote of thanktt was given to
Nona Hands and to Nate Maroinlur,
who helped In so many ways, and to
all who helped make the play a success.
A huge building! It covers ten
acres of ground. It takes a lot of
time to walk all over ten acres, but
the Pacific International is so full of
interesting and fascinating exhibits
that nobody gets tired. Or If they
do. its a "happy tiredness."
Not only is It the largest building
of Ks kind in the world, but its ar
rangement is Ideal. The great arena
where the Judging is done in the day
time and the horse show held at night
Is in the center. In fropt is the beau
tiful Industrial Exhibits divisions. 72
feet long and 12u feet wide filled
with a bewildering number of exquls
Ite displays. On the other sides of tbe
arena are ranged the beef cattle
barn, the dairy cattle department,
beep and goat department, poultry
n irses, with two big auction sales
I mgs Id the corners.
The Pacific International Live Stock
(position is recognized by livestock
men everywhere as one of the most
nportant institutions of Its kind In
the world. It is held In Portland, Or.,
November 3-10 Inclusive People come
a, rose the continent to see its attrar
tions the finest livestock In the
' orld. This Is an opportunity to visit
and learn and enjoy, close at home,
i ou could travel all over the United
States and see no better exposition.
The pride we take In the Pacific In
'urnatlonal Is Justified It Is ours, and
i Indicates what kind of people we
ure tbe best.
WINDING GRAINS OF TREES
Section of Red Maple and Sourwood
Show Twisting Growth In Dif
ferent Directions,
There are two common trees In the
eastern United States which admir
ably Illustrate In their winding grain
the opposite tendencies In direction.
These are the red maple and the sour
wood, or sorrel tree. Iloth trees are
distinctly inclined to form twisting
growth, and in practically all cases of
pronounced twisting the maple turns
to the left and the sourwood to the
right. Not more than one or two
til-en in a hundred of either species
will be found departing from this rule.
No very satisfactory attempt has
been mude by scientists to explain
why so BMW) plant of twining habits
have adopted definite and constant
directions of curvature. It has been
suggested that in some species of
rfcMi the tip of the growing plant Is
attracted by and druwn toward the
sun. resulting In a left, or "untl-clock-wine,"
ctirvuture; while In other e
cles the tip is repelled by the sun,
causing It to bend to tbe right In a
"clockwise'' fashion.
and therefore It is
good? That Is not enough. They can
rightfully tell us that, even though a
system may minister to our physical
well-being. If It stunts us morally. If
It do,-s not positively make us batter
ethically. It Is an Inadequate system.
The general answer to this asser
tion Is obvious. The very fact that
our Industry, CO mm area and finance
serve us so mply with the materials
and means for physical well-being
gives us the opportunity to build aud
support our churches, to foster the
arts, to develop our great educat onal
system.- to be klr.d to one another.
But need we d'l In gener Vltles?
Do we not find In the direct i (fed of
our business upon the Individual
much to improve his ethical stand
ards? To toughen his moral Utter
Is It not good for the personal char
acter of the race to do business as
we are now doing It ?
Let us take the business of bank
ing, for example. Is It a inert- mech
anism or It It a vital moral force?
Does It do more than, by facilitating
production, raise the physical stand
ard of living, or is there anything
Inherent in the manner aud methods
of lurking that raises I the moral
standard of living as well?
Nine tenths of our business Is done
by means ot credit. The great bulk
of that credit Is obtained from the
banks. It Is obtained from the banks
because men have churacter, be
cuuse they are honest, because they
keep faith, because they can be
trusted
If they did not have these qualities
they could not do business with
credit, they could not do business at
the banks. We nay batiks dual In
credit. That Is but a way ot saying
they deal In honor ami honesty. They
build the business structure with thj
faith of man In man.
The part hanking plays In our busi
ness life Is growing. That means
that the faith of ni"ii In phcIi other
Is growing. The more men who come
to the banks with characters thai en
lltle. them to credit, the more men
who realize that to gain credit at the
hunks, they must possess themselves
with characters that win Hum un
questioned trust, the higher becomes
the ethical standard of the nation.
Is not this u great moral service
that hanking renders? It Is a greater
Justification for our priseni financial
system than even Its wonderful effi
ciency In providing us with the ma
terial things of life. No greater serr
be could be rendered the nation.
Arms Too Long.
The commonest physical defect In
tbe human rare Is that the uriiix are
disproportionately long, 'this cit'oct
occurs more often in men than In
women, and more frequently rating
he colored thun mining the white
.dees.
Cornish Language Dead.
Tbe lust person who could speak
Cornish died toward the end of the
Klghteenth century, and today tiie
language survives only in pin c mimes
and In terms used hy lislici men uud
miners.
msh
FROM THE FACTORY