Sotson E S 11 r.bL'l
VOLUME III.
BOARDMAN, OREGON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 12, 1923.
NUMBER 35
Wide Variations
in Selling Hogs
Analysis Made by Depart
ment of Agriculture
i of Shipments.
I (Prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
i Costs of marketing hogs in the
central corn belt show extremely wide
' variations In both home and terminal
markets. An analysis lias been made
by the United States . Department o
Agriculture of shipments by -00 co
operative associations in l'J-1. It dis
closes such extreme differences in unit
costs that averages appear nf little
! value as rep; usentaflon ui marketing
expense. In discussing marketing
! costs, evidently the first requirement
, Is to know whose cost you are tu-lk-
1 ing about.
I The department's study Indicates,
for example, that between the local
expense of the association with the
i lowest cost and Uiat of the association
with the highest there was a spread
of nearly 1,000 per cent. Cost per
1,000 pounds shipped was about 110
cents for the association with the low
est cost. For the association with
the highest cost It was about $.'5. It
is said, however, that the local costs
of the different associations covered
such a diversity of functions that
"management" was practically the
only item common to them all.
Units of Marketing Expense.
In a general way local marketing
expense Is held to Include the local
manager's commission, assessments
for sinking fund, car preparation
costs, and miscellaneous expenses.
Losses arising from the crippling and
killing of stock In transit are usual 1
Included. Shrinkage In weight Is mil
Included, and represents a loss which
falls upon the original shipper. Ex
cluding freight, the department find.--that
hog marketing by co-operative as
sociations In the corn belt through
commission agents In the central mar
kets during 1921 cost about $2.80 per
thousand pounds.
About one-third of this amount was
home expense, and the rest terminal
market expense. It Is remarked that
average costs at the different terminal
markets are as apt to be misleading
though In a lesser degree, as nvera:.-.
home costs for the different shipping
associations. Average terminal COS I
for all associations and all markets
for example, was $1.00 per 1,000
pounds. Hut the variation between
terminal markets was from $1.59 to
$2.23. The association with the low
est average terminal costs paid $1.32
per 1,000 pounds, while the association
with the highest paid $2.02. These
figures are averages of association
shipping to the various markets,
weighted on the volume of business.
The low and high figures are there
fore low and high cost association!
and not shipments. As the services
performed nt the terminals varied con
siderably, the spreads do not meas
ure proportionate differences In unit
. costs.
Commission Costs Vary.
I Thus commission costs varied from
i OS cents to $1.19 cents per L00(
; pounds. Hut commission Is usnallv
i charged on a per car basis. Varla
I tlons In commission costs are prob
ably due principally to differences Jn
, car load weights, rather th in to vari
ations In commission charges. An
I association whose commission costs
are high probably has been unable (ot
various reasons to ship full car loads
Similarly, variations In yardage costs
I may result from variations n the size
o" the animals. Variations In feed
costs may be due to variations In
animal weights and to some extent
In the price of feed. Nevertheless,
' when al! due allowance Is made for
, such causes of cost variation, the dlf
ferenee between association Costs Is
still marked.
Further investigations are belns
made by the department Into thf
; causes of this variation In shipping
i costs. It Is Indicated, by the prog
rrss so tar mnue. thai iae real dif
ferences In home Station expense are
considerably less than the apparent
differences. Diversity In account
ing methods furnishes the explana
tion of a considerable part of the
spread, Some shipping associations
rid not handle live stock exclusively,
but are interested In numerous side
lines, and elements of cost entering
Into the handling of the side lines
have often been Included in state
ments on the live stock end of the
business. Then, ton, there are cases
in which expenditures for good will,
such as dinners, anil what might he
termed development outlay, have en
larged the toral. Investigators f.ir
the department are attempting a com
parison of shipping costs from strict
ly comparable Items of expense re
norted by the different associations.
1; is believed this comparison will
show thai variations in actual shin
ning efficiency, and In general busi
ness management, are not very g-eaf.
Heavier Loadinq Rocorrunendrfd.
In view of the wide differences In
commission costs reported by the as
sociation.', department officials think
Important savings could he effected
by heavier car loading. The high cost
association In 1921 had an outlay for
commission charges amounting to
more than twice that of the low cost
association. Probably a great part of
'bis variation was due to it dlfftren'"e
In car load weights, rather than to
differences In rites or in services pcr
roaned at the various markets. It Is
suggested that economies effected by
. full loading might more than compen
sate for any additional loss duo r
'iviwrttng. end wotdd give an added
adantage in reducing unit freight
costs.
Losses from crippling and killing
hogs in transit, under present prac
tice, are paid by the local shipping
office and included in its marketing
costs. Probably differences In losses
from tills cause should be considered
when making comparisons of ship
ping coats; but the department lias
not been able as yet precisely to de
termine the factors making for vari
ability in loss ratios. It has estab
lished, however, that loss from crip
pling Is greater in mixed shipments
thin in shipments containing only
hogs; that the loss is grea'er in win
ter than in summer; and that the per
centage of hogs crippled Is twice the
percentage killed. Though seasonal
variation in the number of hogs killed
is hot as great as in the case of hogs
Crippled, there Is, nevertheless, tin ap
preciably larger death loss in the
sjiring than in other seasons, per
haps in consequence of sudden
changes of temperature.
Official! of the department are press
ing forward their study of the whole
subject in the hope that It will throw
light or. the causes of strikingly wide
variation in live stock marketing costs
which has been shown lo exist. They
believe that diversity In the account
ing methods and In the form of ship
ping associations, and differences in
the amount of service received at ter
minal markets, account for a substan
tial part of the spread, but leave much
of it unexplained. It Is expected fur
ther Investigation will reveal elements
of cost which, in many cases, m g'.it
be eliminated or greatly reduced, and
will indicate the direction in which
the best prospect of improvement Is to
he found for the entire live Block
thi) ping Industry.
NEW
BIG PACKAG
Cigarettes
Football fans of Eastern Oregon
are much Interested In the coming
battle between the University of Or
egon and Whitman College footbzall
teams, which will meet In Pendleton
at Round-Up park on Oct. 10th. Both
teams seem to be of about equal cal
ibre, and Coach "Shy" Huntington
of Oregon and Coach Borleskie of
Whitman College both concede that
it will be one of the best games of
the season. Last year Oregon was
able to defeat the Missionaries by the
narrow margin of G to 3, and this
year the sons of Marcus Whitman
are determined to even up scores.
Last year this game, which is the
only collegiate game to be played in
Eastern Oregon this season, attracted
5000 people to Pendleton, and the
crowd this year, with good roads and
special railroad fares, gives evidence
of being by far the largest which
ever witnessed a sporting event In
this part of the country.
Stork Gomes Far to Pacific International
NO BOON IN
CHEAP MONE
Versatile Soy Bean
Good Oat Substitute
0 -:
m
The Pacific International Live Stock
Exposition Is held in Portland, Or.,
but it is "true to name." Livestock of
the best herds cotaus from' all pans
of the continent to fight out the last
bottle for supremacy in its show ring
A.1UU&1I that win the purple ribbon...
at the Pacific International are as
good as the best anywhere.
The lower pat-el of the p'.ctur"
ufcaws the Thorp string ofJer3cs
from California. They will bo at the
Exposition in Portland November .
to 10 to see if they are as good as tha
Jersey of Oregon. Washington, Idaho
and elsewhere. They have good Jer
seys in California, but they will moot
the best of the West at Portland.
The insert above shows three ver
typy Shorthorns that are coming to
our exposition, They are owned by
H. C. Lookabaugh of Oklahoma. Tl ey
will help make up a wonderful string,
hut they will have to look their pret
tiest and beefiest If they win against
i he other Shorthorn herds to be shL-wn
! this year.
Judges, without elocution, will be
men of national iperienOS, and great
ability. The judging alone is worth
a t Ip to see and hear.
There is no livestock show held any
where in America that surpasses tha
f the Pacific International. And '
nest of it is I hat it Is near.
Find Silar-e Profitable
as F:ed for Baby Beeves
Recent feeding tests with baby
beeves at the Minnsota experiment
station show that sll-ige can be prof
itably used in fattening baby beeves.
In tie ii ,s, which were con h(Pre'd by
W. II. Peters and V. K. 'a rnesi, .Calves
eeHing silage, tiles a full feed ot grain
fed more regularly and requlrt-d les
skillful and careful feeding than ciflves
get i Ing a heavy feed of grain and ho
silage. PPjP1
The silage-fed calves gained 2.3(1
pounds per head per day as ah average
of a IOC-day feeding period, while the
Calves fed without s'hige gained at tlvo
rate of 2.22 pound, per head per day.
Although the calves fed without silage
were valued nt 10 conts per hundred
pounds above tiiose which had silage,
the si'age-fed calves showed a net
profit of ,$17.00 per head while those
without silage made a profit of $1 1.16
per head.
In another test barley proved prac
tically equal to corn, pound for pound.
In making gains on fattening calves.
However, because of the greater coal
of the barley and the smaller saving
of feed made by hegs following, the
corn-fed calves shewed a profit of
$16.18 per head, while the profit on
those fed barley was but $0.0 per
head.
Pure bred beef calves, high-grade
beef Calves and common calves show
ing some traces of beef breeding made
similar gains on Simitar amounts of
feed. The difference In selling price
was marked, however, the pure bredi
bringing I86.T8 per head, the grades
$88.46 and the common calves only
$56,18 per head.
HE WAS AN leiNQCE.Vr Sr.
Suspected Walter Drew Hotel TaLi!..
Plan to Aid Him in Satis, yir.Q
His Boss,
In lime of war it is easy to suspect
every si ranker who has the aspect of
a foreigner of being a Spy, A large
part of the work of the Intelligence
departments consists in running down
false scents. Sir Basil Thotusoii. late
director of the special brunch at Scot
land Van!, tells in his hook, "Queer
People," some amusing stories to il
lustrate tha; l ruth.
On otic occasion a staid couple came
down to denounce a waiter In one ol
the large b tela and brought docu
mentary evli'.ei ee with theui. It was
a nit nn with a rough scotch plan In
pencil made on the hack. The) be
lieved it to be a plan of Kensington
Gardens with the palace buildings
roughly delineated by an oblong Dgure.
They had seen the waiter In the act
of drawing the plan at an unoccupied
table.
I sent for him and found before me
a spruce little Swiss with bis hair cut
so that it looked like a brush, Much
SStonll .a (I, he gave me a frank ac
count of ail bis movements, and then
1 produced the p an. lie ga'.-.ed at It
a moment ami then burs! out laugh
Ing.
"So this is where my plan went i
Yes, monsieur, I made it. and then 1
lost it. You see. 1 am m w to the
hotel, and in order to satisfy the head
waiter i made for myself privately a
plan of the tables, and marked a
cross against these I had to look
after," Youth's I louipunion.
One thing that has to be given up
is the Idea that cheap money Is al
ways good for business. farm art
want cheap money, business men
want cheap money, stock speculators
want cheap money, the U. S. Treasury
wants to float government loans oa 1
cheap money. sociall ;ts. anarchi sts
and old line greeubackers want very, 1
very cheap money. Everybody feels
that when the money rate is shoved '
up It is an arbitrary damper on pros
pertty.
But we cannot h ive both a low rate 1
nn money and a stable level of prices.
Wa can have one or the other not
both together for ary length of time I
A low rate of money means an In
dated price level. t. stable pr ce I
level means a fluctuating rate of dls ;
count. That Is. the public must learn
to look at the price level Instead of
the batik reserves, as their incisure
of expectation for a rise or tail of the
value of money.
Now this fact makes me fe.d that a
mist ike Is made if we do not fully ex
plain to the public Hie power already
exercised by the bank rate and the
federal Keserve Beard and Reserve
hanks. Our bankers and economists
see the had use that Is like y to he
made of political control if banklm;
and currency and they try to make ih
people believe that so Intricate a ipies
MOD must be left to experts.
As a matter of fact our present
methods encourage the very thing we
wish to avoid. We let everybody be
Hi ve that low rates on money are nec
essary for prosperity and then when
hank reserves run low on account ot
the effects of this holler, we ate sud
denly compelled to Jump the rates te
protect the reserves. We ret b th h
cycle of prices and a cycle of bank
rates, whereas. If the public under
stood that the rise of hank rates
should not wait until hank r- s rve
are low. hut the rates should be ml
VBttOad several months ahead for ' lie
very purpose of preventing a licil'l uis
prosperity vlth ll Inflated price level,
then the public MlCbl bf H -lis' ed to
support the administrative r eolations
which raise the rates at a ti ne when
there seems to he no med of d I f
It. JohB It. Commons, University of
Wisconsin,
Ho-ors for Club Memc r
The annual convention, Wisconsin
man lo fifteen boys and Bv girls
successfully completing four yats
club work, the first time imv state
nan kerb association has taken aui.a
actum.
Ancient Rule Still Adhered To.
There nr.- Interesting survivals In
parliament, and the tenacity with
which ancient customs are guarded In
the commons is evident from the fact i
that a passenger may not step on the '
Boot of the bouse, and at times has
to carry out curious forms of gymnas
tic exercise In order to get at a mem-
bar in- -.Mints without uctually step- I
pine on forbidden ground,
I'Oli BALE
ly new. W,
Oregon.
Ma.c! tic range. Near
P. Trumbull, Btanfleld,
oS-Stp
The Three Disgraces
2415?
Csulcin't D.scoursge Him,
Bobby anted a donkey and he iud
seen one In a nearby field.
"What would happen if 1 stole that
donkey ?" he asked his futber.
"You would get six months in '
el n."
Bobby .thought a while and then j
said: "You wouldn't forget to feed It '.
while I was away, would you. tatherV" j
WANTED Fresh eggs and chickens.
French Cafe, Pendleton. au31tfj
WOW IF WE. COULD (
ONLY ELIMINATE. T
BIG ONE IN THE M!i0i-E-
Cahou DON'T WANT TO HURT
ME FRIENDS. YOU SEE WE
U.L HANG TOdETHE
IfEE-HcE, WHAT
Y'lPD 'V'liM1 VAyiT HF
i -en vwm mi -yt- x -..t,
9
my m
ft
m t, i
IK: ;
,
C .' .'W
1 1 If
'Crrrtti.t. w. M
- I Ik
. IB
w&z, Mr, J mia- nrr v
mi A 3
Lsv( m
too, m
May Yield is Much or More
Than Grain Crop.
The versatile soy bean not only can
substitute for hay and silage, but has
also been found, when allowed to
ripen, to be a good substitute for oats.
While the experiments so far made
may not be conclusive, the college of
agriculture at Ithaca Is of the opin
ion that soy beans are likely to yield
as many pounds to the acre as oats,
and frequently even more. The fact
that soy beuni make n good substitute
for oil meal In dairy rations Is an
other reason that dairymen particular
ly are becoming Interested In their
production.
Soli which has been put In condition
favorable to corn should produce a
good crop of soy beans. Like other
legumes, they can use a large amount
of acid phosphate. I'nllke many le
gumes, however, they are not very sen
sitive to our soil and will frequently
grow well where clover Is a failure.
If toy beans have never previously
been grown, the seed should be Inocu
lated. On clean land they may be
planted solid with tne grntn drill at
the rate of a bushel and a half of seed
to the acre. The college recommends,
however, sowing them In nuvs 28
Inches apart, at the rate of 2(1 quarts
of seed to the acre. In order to make
cultivation possible.
Soy beans are usually harvested like
other beS AS, If not allowed to get too
ripe, however, they may be cut with
the grain binder.
World Hog Production
Shows Large Decrease
Numbers of swine In the principal
producing countries of the world are
estimated at 23t.481.000 head by the
United Stales Department of Agricul
ture, compared with 268,844,000 bead
for a representative prewar year. This
is a decrease Ot 80,418,000 head or 14
per cent.
The United States shows the largest
Increase in production There were
08,424 000 le gs .hi farms on Jaiiuar) 1,
1823, pared with 88,988,000 hogs on
farms on January 1, 1914, Smaller In
creases are Indicated for Argentina
Slid Canada. The Dumber of hwln - In
most of the European countries i es
less In the recent estimates than dur
ing the prewar period, the department
states Some of the countries showing
lie, r eases in numbers are Prance, Ger
many and I leiunark.
Quack Grass and Thistle
Difficult to Eradicate
Canada thistle and iua k grass are
undoubtedly two of the most dlltlcult
w u to eradicate, ones they bavs be
come well established. In fad they
are dllllcult to handle even If they ap
pear only In patches because of their
underground rootstocks which are
capable of growing and sending out
new plants under the most adverse
Conditions, on farms where these
weeds have Just barely gotten a foot
hold, an effort should be made to get
rid of them Immediately, otherwlss
they become a menace to crop production.
Sweet Clover Valuable
for Soil Improvement
Sweet clover pasture will not bnve
to be seeded each year, provided It la
not pastured too close and a few
plants are allowed to develop seed.
Under these conditions, the sweet
clover Is re Seeded. It Is no well, how
ever to let the sweet clover occupy
any Held too long, because It Is a valu
able crop for Improving the soil, mid
we must paj attention to supplying ur
-oils not only with nitrogen out vege
table matter.
iiotei Dorlon, Pendleton, is ami
the house of welcome
fresh
FROM THE FACTORY
ROLL VOUK
OWN WITH
RiZ LA CROW