THE DAILY ASTORIAN, ASTORIA, SUNDAY MORNING SEPTEMBER 8 1895.
1-1
USTORY OF THE CUP.
History of the First American
Cup Winner.
the other tivo outside the Hook, one
twenty imilos to windward or leeward, as
the wind may be blowing at tho time, and
return, and the other over a triangular
course of thirty miles. So far there has
been no occasion to sail more than two
of the threo races, and the cup Is BtlU
on this side of the Atlentlc in the cus
tody of the club originally Intrusted with
t'he responsibility of Its def?ns
These are. however, not all of the
change that have been made In these
International cup races. Although. the
Interesting CuailffCS ill tll YachtS, Royal Yacht squadron's cup was won
I OV a Utii! I UUUl. III CUHlCUHWII Uf,tii.
HELD BY THE U. S. 44 YEARS
Their Owners and Traditious
The Valkyrie III and
Difiiider.
Compiled tor the Astorlan.
keel boats, its defense from 1870, the
first of the challenge contests, to this
year has nevoiveu upon cenieruunru
schooners and sloops, excepting In the
series In whioh the 'Livonia was the
challenger in 1871, when the Happho, a
keel schooner, shared the honors of defense-
with the centerboard schooner
Columbia, taking the Columbia's place
after she had lost the race through (lis
TOe year 1851 was an eventful one In aster to steering gear and spars. That
1'iie maritime history of Great Urltaln and I was the only exception to the rule of
the United States, for In :hat year the centei'boards until this year. Jn seven
schooner yacht Amerlsi, de.-flgned and out of the eight cup contests the defender
built bv tleorte Steers for Commodore I of the cups has 'been a centeraoaruer,
John C. Stevens of the New York Yacht I and up to last year it had become a fixed
club and his as-soclates, carried off The I notion among 'American yachtsmen gen
Koyal Squadron's cup" at the Cowesl erally that there never would be
(Isle of Wig'.it) regatta, In competition time, as Captain Koland F. Collin says
with the beat vachts then In the Ilrlttsn n his story of the 'America s :up, "wnen
fleet. The rare was sailed without time all other things being equal, a center-
eilowance and lU:.e?n vessels s.-hooners board would not beat a kee
and cutters started at the signal. The Vlgllant's experience last summer
The America ws milntopsall In ltrltlsh waters Indicated the necessity
r hnnner of 170 tons. Therj were, how-1 for a modification of this opinion. The
ever, four vessels In the contesting fleet I Vigilant, a centertoard and the cham
three schooners and one cutter of plon of the America's cup In 189.1, was
larger tonnage and two other schooners beaten in several races' by the iiritannia,
nf nearlv eou.il tonnage. One of the Brit-1 a keel cuter, which showed herself so
Itfh schooners was a three master, more far superior that the sloop built to de.
than double the siie of the America, hav- fend the cup this year against va.Kyrie
Ing a tonnage of 392 tons. The race OT! Ill Is not a centerboard, but a keel of
. tailed in variable weather, but with the most pronounced type, wnicn in an
enough of i breeze when rounding the the trial races has shown great superior-
Needles to carry nway the Americas lib- Ity over tne vigilant
boom. The Yankee craft s triumph was Models and rig9 nave 'Deen invoiva in
ct mplete, for the nearest British yacht to the America's cup races. George Steers
the line when the America crossed It at built the America on new Ideas regarding
the close was eight miles astern and the the designs of 'hulls, and when she sailed
rcrt were out of sight. to Kngianu to test 'ner capacity against
The tronhy was broug it across the At- the best cutters In 'British waters It
lantlc and frc-m that day to this Its pos
session has (been a matter of Intense In-
' forest to the people of both countries.
Up to the year 1857 the America cup
wi,s In the possetslon of tne owners or
the vacht that won It Commodore J.
C. Stevens. Kdwln A. Stevens, Hamil
ton ' WCkes, J. Beekman Flnley and
George L, Schuyler. On the 8th of July
was distinctly understood that rhe rep-
presented a distinctively American type.
When the, Magic won the cup race In
1870 against the Cambria, another ana
more pronounced feature In modeling was
Introduced In these cup races, namely
a light-draft 'broad-beamed centoi'board
craft, with all ballast insldo the hold,
representing the American idea of mar-
of that year these gentlemen decided to Ine architecture against the deep draft
.present the trop'hy as a perpetual chal-1 narrow-beamed' kee boat. Thei former
lenge cup to the new lorK iac.it ciuo, was ridiculed Dy tne uruiener as a SKim-
on the condition that It should be sub
ject to the challenge of any organized
rmlng dish; the latter was contenptu r.isly
described by tho American yachtsmen as
yjcht club of any foreign country with n. I a l)oard tailing on Its edge.
yacht of any rig "of not less! than thirty
or more than 300 tons," custom-house
measurement, with' suitable provisions
as to notice In writing from the chal-
In 1881, the cup races resolved them
selves Into contests between single- stick
ers, the Canadian challenger Atalanta
being a sloop. In 188.", the question of rig
lengera. embracing rig, measurement and was Injected into the competition, the
name of vessel challenging, the match to I Genesta being the pioneer of British cut
he sailed over t'iio course of the club In I tors to enter American waters to Htrug-
nossecslon. The gift was accepted on gle for the coveted prize. In this feature
tho terms of Its donors. The object of of the International yacht races, the
the gift was apparent. It was throwing standing rigging, laced mainsail and fixed
the gauntlet down to the British yachts- bowsprit of thj American sloop, are pitted
men to win back the cup If they dared against the sliding bowsprit and rigging
attempt it and could do it. and sai.s set iiymg, wnicn are cnarac
It was not until 1808,. seventeen years torlsllc features of the British cutler. Up
after the cup had been carried off by to the present yeir there has berm as
the America, that any move was made marked a dlfiennco between tho models
by the Britishers looking to the recov- cf Die British challengers and tho Amt-ri-
ery Cf tho trop'.iy. Then Commodore can defenders of the cup us there was
James Ashbury of the Hoyal1 Thames between the American and the lleet of
Yacht club opened1 negotiations which cutters from which bho wrested tho
finally resulted In an arrangement for
a race on Auau.M. 8. 1870. Ashhury'a keel
s.'hooner Cambria was the challenger.
-She wi required to race against the fleet
In the same wuy as tho America had
raced against the Hrllls'li Royal Yacht
cli.'j squadron when ifiie A'on the cup
Although 'nearly twenty years had
f laneed ' i.lnce that achievement, the
America was still afloat and present In
the Now York fleet to defend the cup
She had experienced many vicissitudes,
however. Hlnce the race of 185). She was
. Bj'.d by Commodore Steven and his as
sociates 'before they returned to the
United States to an Kngllshman, who
used her for a time as a. plensure and
racing cr&ft. After the war of the rebel
lion broke out the was converted Into a
blockade runner and to avoid capture,
wag sailed Into St. John's river, Florida,
and there sunk. After the war was over
sSa was raised and taken to Annapolis
where she mas put Into service as n
training ship for cadet of the Naval
aeadi'my. She was being used as such
-when the race with the Cambria was
agreed upon. The navy department there
upon relltted her and entered her with
the fleet for the defense of the cup. in
the race tho Ilttlo center-boird .ehooner
Magic of forty-seven tons led the proces
slon over tho course, beating I he Cambria
33m 12s. Tha,latter was tenth In crossing
the linet the America, the fourth, beating
tho Cambria 13m. 47s. Subsequently the
Amorlcx paired Into the hands of the
; late General Hcnjanln F. Butler, and she
is now owned by his son, somewhat al
tered, though. In appearance from what
she was In the Hoyal Yacht club squad
ion race, for she now carries a topmast
on the fore as well as on the main mast.
The following year, 1X71, Ashbury chal
lenged again with the s-hooner Livonia,
but under aMered conditions. It was
Agreed to sail seven races, the winner of
t'he greatest number to bold tho cup. The
course alternated between tha regular
New York Yacht club course Inside New
York bay and twenty miles to windward
beyond Sandy Hook lUhtrfhlo and bark.
The New Yot't Yacht club had the right
to name the defender of the cup In each
of these races at the starting pnlnt. The
cup was successfully defended by the
schooner Co'.imrbla, a eenturboaid, and
tli'U Sappho, a keel schooner.
Six times 'has the cup been chalUnged
since the defeat of tho Livonia and each
time the challenger has lowered Its col
ors In dofeat. The Canadians look a
hand In 1876 with tho schooner Countess
of Dufferln, -which was beaten by the
Madeline, and again In 1881, who.i they
sent to New York the centerbiar I sloop
Atlanta through the Oswego an-l Uric
canals and t.ie Hudson river, to bo beat
en by the sloop Mlrehlef. Then followed
the British cutter Genesta, In llWI. Gala
tea In lKMi. Thlstlie In 1887 and In KU Val
kyrie fwhlch Is jommonly called Vulkyrle
II, because t'he was the second cf tho
name built by Lord Dunraven), each ot
which were respectively batten by the
sloops Puritan, Mayflower, Volunteer and
Vigilant In the order namel. The AmiN
lea's cup b is thus bc?n retained by the
New York Yac'lit club against all comers
in eight International contends.
When these lntorna'lonal races Were
.begun the challenger was handicapped.
In the same way as the America was
handicapped at Cowe it was required
to rail against all of the Now York
Yacht club' fleet; This handicap was
modified In the contest of 1S71 by the
n'Mlnu- nf nnn vessel' Bffilnit the chal-
luriTur In each of the Series Of raees I secure elaltlMttr .n..
whlria were to decide the result, the cluH Ity, without overloading himself wllh
reserving the rb;ht to name th- vcifci ballast, and the American designer has
that should defend ttio cup In each race lesnrtej to the British Idea of a keel
et the hour for stnrtlnr This waand low weight to secure the same re
rhangej it'ialn In later onte-u so that i suits, and he has sacrificed beam to avoid
only one vessel should sail against th I surface friction, again conforming to an
c'ba.lenger to the cup In cioh of the other British Idea. The Britisher hus se
twrles ot three race determining the Is- cured the spread of canvas he was aim
sue. In the last four International con- Ing to secure. It la the first time for an
tesls defender of the cup was con. Kngllt-h yacht to start In the contest for
strurted expresHly for that purpose and the cup with a greater spread of canvas
the tame U the caie In rha contest of than her competitor. It la ulno the first
tji's year. " . time for an American yacht to defend
The original ree w re sailed ovrf the the cup that was narrower than the Brit
pourse of the N w York- Ycht club, l.h challenger. Ies!gners have, in a cer-
whleh lies inside r-anny mimir, nut mis mm sense, cnangeq places. But the two
trophy In 1851. Every one of tho four
s'.oups preceding the Defender havo been
noted for their breadth cf beam and great
nail-carrying capacity, with a marked
tendency, however, toward an Increased
diaft. The latter was so Inrjelv devel
oped In the Vigilant that she Is to all
Intents and purposes a kjel boat when
her centerboard Is hauled up, as phe
draws fourteen feet of water when In
thnt condition and twonty-three feet
when the board Is down. Then again
alie Incorporates the British Idea of bal
lasllng,' having the weight low on the
keel. Each of tho British, cutters that
have challentred for the cup have, how
ever, borne the customary characteris
tics of British yachts great depth ot
draft .and extreme narrowness of beam
each one, If anything, looking slenderer
than Its predecessor on tho challenge list,
mid with heavy weights on tho keel.
Furthermore, the challenging yacht has
always entered the races wilh the fame
racing spars and canvas used by her in
hor home waters. Invariably the contrast
buu.veen her and her American adversary,
as to the spread of canvas, has been un
favorable to 'her. The spars and sails of
the home craft huve been a revelation to
the visiting yachtsmen, and sall'-i'arry-Ing
capacity has Invariably won the race
This year thire has been a general
departure from the national traditions on
both sides of the Atlantic. For the first
time in the hlstbry cf the America's cup
race t'he 'British have built a yacht
expressly designed to sail In American
waters in the fall weather of the East
ern coast. Tile Valkyrie III is unusually
broad In the beam for a British yacht,
exceeding that of the Defender by four
feet, und she hus a draft within elx
Inches of that of the Defender. This gives
her the power to carry nn area of can
vas unequaled by and British yacht of
her Inches ever before -built. Her dlincn
slons are: 12S feet over all; DO feet on
water line; beam, 2S feet; draft, 18 feet
8 Inches.
Tne New York syndicate represented
by '.Mr. Iselin, which has put at least
$150,000 Into the Defender, has, on the
other hand, abandoned the centerboard
and taken up the British Idea of deep
an 1 heavily welghteJ keel. It has also
made another concession to British pre
judices by Increasing the depth, of draft
and narrowing the beam. It looks very
much like a confession that the limit
of tho centerboard was reached In the
Vigilant, the champion of 1SU3, and that
further advancement In the matteV of
s-pecd Is only obalnable through the
agency of a keel model, an Increase In
depth, the lowering of weights, and a
reduction in breadth. But sall-carrylng
capacity seems to have been lost In the
sacrifice of breadth of beam. The dimen
sions of the 'Defender are given as fol
lows: Length over all, 17 feet; on water
line. 90 feet; beam. Jl feet; draft, 19 feet.
An experiment has been made, also, hi
the employment of materials for tho De
fender's const ructlln. With the view ot
securing maximum lightness aluminum
has been largely used In her 'hull. But
the English designer has made a boat
cf composite muterlalswood planking on
a light, but strong, steel frame which
Is said to have produced quite as light a
boat, foot for foot, as the Defender.
There has, therefore, been a complete
revolution, as It were, on both sides ot
the Atlantic In the preparations for
this year's eontest for the America's
cup. The English designer has adoptea
the American Idea regarding beam to
signers, who have both tried their de
signs for the American cup. Fife de
signed the Thistle; Watson designed' all
three Valkyries, one of which failed for
the cup In 18M and foundered In the
Clyde last year. But Watson came, to
Now York in 1833 to study the environ
ments of Jjie courses over which tho
races were sailed, went homo with new
notions, and evolved a new kind of
yacht as the result, engrafting some
American Ideas on his own, and pro
ducing a. model Just suited for -the work
required for It In the cup races off New
York hai'aor. Burgeas and Herreshoft
are the 'American designers who have
been pitted against Fife and Watson,
Burgess, who produced the Puritan, May
flower and Volunteer, and revolutionized
American yac'nt-bullding, is dead, and
Herrethoff, the designer of the Vigilant
and t'he Defender, is now alone, unless
some new man comes to the front. i
In previous races for the cup superior j
sail area has been regarded as the prime
factor In the winning of the race. This
year that advantage rests with the Brit
ish challenger. Whether or not it will
count with Valkyrie III remains to be
seen. 'A yacht race fs never won nor
lost until the course Is actually covered
and the time allowances, If any there
be, are 'adjusted.
The courses this year will be the game
as those laid out for all the later cup
races one inside New1 York harbor,
over the New York club's regular course
the other two outside. Time allowance
will also be given on water line measure
ments. Which one will give and which
one take this year cannot be determined
untlli the official measurer gets through
with hU work. The published water line
measurements put the two boats on even
terms. It has been predicted, however,
that the British yacht will have to, give
her American rival an allowance in this
race. If that Is so, it will be a new de
parture In these cup races, for hereto
fore the time allowance has gone the
other way and the Genesta came very
nearly winning one of the races with the
Puritan that way. -A rule prevailing
in Brltls1!! yacht races has, however,
been adopted in this year's rules of the
cup races, namely, to 'limit the number
of the crews. The Vigilant carried
crew of over seventh-five men In the
races of 1893, and the charge was set up
mai meir cniei value was service as
live ballast." Seventy-five men hug
glng the windward rail make ai great
difference In a vessel's stability, and re
lieves her of the necessity of carrying a
large amount of dead weight on the keel
which would also ipull her deeper in the
water, Increasing displacement or lessen
ing time allowance, as the case may be,
through the extra lengthening of the
water line. The value of "live ballast"
was recently shown In the two races be
tween the American schooner Yampa and
the British Bchooner Amphltrite. In the
first race, with a large number of extra
men aboard the Yampa beat the Amphl-
trlle, but when galling with a restricted
number under the rules, a protest hav
ing been allowed, she was badly beaten
by the Arrephltrlte. There will be no
live ballast" carried by either vessel in
this year's contest.
The list of American cup race winners
and the years In which the races were
galled are as follows up to date: Amer
ica, 1851; Magic, 1870; Columbia and Sap
pho, 1871; Madeline, 1876; -Mischief, 18!1;
Puritan, 188G; Mayflower, 1888; Volunteer,
18S7.; Vigilant, 1893.
The record Is without a break. If a
break does occur this year New York
will send a schooner to England to
bring it back, they say. They are now
figuring on that possibility and are not
daunted by tho recent defeat of the
rack schooner yacht Yampa In her sec-
cThd race In British waters against the
British rehooner Amphltrlte.
According to "Sailor Jack's super
fluous notions, the Defender Is an un-
ueky boat and the America cup Is In
eal danger of returning to Cowes to
the club house of the Royal Yacht squad-
on. She has met with, misfortune from
tho time she was ready for the water un
til date. She stuck on the ways when
launching, she has been aground twice,
til'e has started her side plates, her chain
plates, sprung a mast, broken a gaff,
damaged her steering gear, broken the
martingale and Buffered sundry other
misfortunes, either of which, if happen
ing In a race, would cause her to lose
It. "Sailor Jack," therefore, shakes his
head ominously and says she has been
built too flno and cannot stand the
strain.
It iwoull be far 'from a misfortune If
tho America cup should pass for a perioa
Into the hands cf the British. It would
be the means ot creating more Interest
lhn ever In both nations to secure mari
time supremacy. It would act as a
stimulus to American shipbuilders and
put them on their mettle. They would
sharpen their wits to develop a sea-going
boat that would: bring the cup back
again. One thing has become a fixed
Idea In connection with the America's cup
it will never moro remain In the undis
turbed possession of any nation. If Great
Drltaln were to get It this year, ana
America issued no challenge next year
for it, the Germans are sure to do it,
for Germany has an emperor who Is a
veritable "sea-dog," and as enthusiastic
a yachtsman as plows the waters of any
nation. He will surely covot the trophy
If no one else will.
MA-rUTHA WASHINGTON'S LETTER.
A copy of the only letter and signature
of 'Martha Washington known to exist
is in possession, according to the Boston
uuuget, or the united States government,
-inis 'letter lay for more than ninety
years nrouen among some musty ar
chives at the capita!, and was lately dis
covered fby Walter H. French, clerk of
tne department of flies, house of repre'
scntatives. The spelling, punctuation
ana -breaks of lines are carefully rcpro-
uuceu:
iMoun't Vernon, December 31st, 1799.
Sir While I feel with keenest anguish
the late Disposition of Divine Provl.
dence, I
cannot be Insensibe to the mournful trib
utes
of respect and veneration which are paid
to
the memory of my dear deceased Hus
band and
as his best services and most anxious
wishes
were always devoted to the welfare and
happiness
of his country to know that they were
iruiy
appreciated an'd gratefully remembered
anoras
no Inconsiderable consolation.
Taught by the great examrIa which
I hav9 so long before me never to oppose
my
crlvate wishes to the public will I must
consent to the request made by c ingress
which you have had the goodness to
UvlTlHmil
to me and In doing this I need not-I
cannot say what a sacrifice of Individual
fee.lng I make to a sense of public duty.
With grateful acknowledgement
and unfeigned thanks for the penonal
respect and evidences of condolenca ex
pressed by congress and yourself.
I remain, very respectfully
sir,
Your most obedient and humble
servant
MARTHA WASHINGTON.
AVHY THEY REFUSE.
SUMNER WEPT.
The Columbia's Captain Accep.s the
Blame for the Dry Dock Accident,
Standard-Union.
The court of Inquiry fit the navy yard,
Investigating the question of responsibil
ity for tho recent Injury to the cruiser
Columbia while In dry dock in South
ampton, adjourned yesterday afternoon
after 'listening to a confession of fault on
the part of- Capt. George W . Sumner,
commander of the ship.
As wat stated In yesterday s Stand
ard-Union, tbe testimony before the cap-'
tain took the stand clearly Indicated that
he was In error In docking the vessoT
before the dry dock had been examined
as to Its fitness, and he bore out the
testimony by manfully acknowledging
that the damage to the vessel wi due
to his own neglect.
I sent no oflleers to examine the dock
and Its. appliances before docking my
shin." he t-ald. "and this was a serious
oversight on my pir, and one that 1
deeply regret.
At this point Captain Sumner's emo
tions overcame hf-m and he wept like
child.
Rear Admiral Walker and the members
of the court regarded their captain with
astonishment and waited for him to re
rover before questioning him further.
Finally Admlra: Walkar said:
"In the face of these facts, why did
you pay the Southampton people?"
"For three reasons." answered the cap
tain. First, I hud received" no orders to
do otherwise, tin company disclaimed
liability for the Injuries, and I feared
thev might libel my ship."
"They couldn't do that; She belongs to
the United States," observed ths ad
miral. -
JiuUe-Advoeate Draper finished rending
tt.e captain's statement and then an
nounced that the court could make its
report to the department at Washington.
The outcome renialna In tho hands of
Secretary Herbert.
The Columbia was floated yesterday,
and after taking on coa wll! leave to
Join l lie Norr.i Atlantic squadron.
It Is a noticeable fact that all Demo
crats thus far mentioned as candidates
for the presidential nomination, when
questioned about it. manifest the shvness.
ccyness and bashfulness of a school girl.
Thau n l,li,.. ,
"w c.iuouujr pieaseu wim tne com
pliment implied and have some difficulty
in suppressing tneir Happiness, but not
one of thorn wants to start his boom
yet awhile. They are long-headed enough
to know thst early booms fizzle out
speedily, that the first one In the field
Is usually the first one to go, and that
the best chances are reserved for those
wno Keep in the background until near
convention time. This is the reason why
they are all twlmmlng around the glided
bait with pleasant yet anxious faces,
watching each other Jealously, but not
one of them grabbing for It. They know
the danger of the hook concealed in the
baft.
Mr. Cleveland scouts the Idea of a
third term. Whenever it Is mentioned he
hoists sail on his catboat and goes fish
ing for scup, and meanwhile what he Is
really thinking out there on the briny
deep no man knows, not even Whitney.
The most he will say Is that no one is
urging him. It makes hlmi tired when
Mr. Watterson says he would not carry
a school district in the United States.
but If the convention should offer him the
third term nomination he would take it
as quickly as a blueflsh takes his hook.
Adlal Stevenson, when asked about his
boom, smiles, disclaims all knowledge of
such a thing, and straightway hies htm
to Alaska, where no one can talk to him
upon such dangerous subjects. Secretary
Olney, when informed there was a "rea-My
true" boom for him, broke out Into laugh
ter and rushed Into teiTnls with renewed
vigor, playing that noble game like a
young, giddy thing. When Farmer Mor
ton, of Nebraska, was down in Virginia
the other day some of the politicians
whispered in his ear that the next dele
gation from that state' would vote for
him in convention. Morton smiled a
sickly smile, realizing that it would not
do to start a boom In Virginia, as she
hns passed the time of being the mother
of presidents. He replied to the temp
ters: "Gentlemen, I am holding the last
office I shall ever hold." Though hs does
not know It, his prophetic soul is rlgnt.
Standard OIl-WaM Street-Multl-mllllon-alre
Whitney, who can easily put up
a million subscription to the Democratic
fund, scouts the Idea and declares he
would not accept the nomination if ten
dered to him on a silver plate.
'And eo it goes. Every man of them
has his little boom hidden away, which
he expects to fly at the right time, but
he does not want it afloat now when
it would not last much Conger than a
soap bubble. Thus it is that every one
or them pooh-poohs the Idea of a nomin
ation and yet at heart they all' want It.
and they want It badly, even though
not one olf them feels sure that a Demo
crat can .be elected. None of them, how
ever, would' refuse the chance of nomin
ation on that account, for the man who
runs is considered the leader of the party,
even though he leads only a forlorn hope.
The great, sweeping Republican victory
of last November Infused business and
banking circles, the manufacturing and
the railroad classes, with confidence that
the commercial dangers to toe apprehend
ed from any further malign Democratic
influences were indefinitely postponed.
They feel so still, and. they will not Im
peril that restoration of confidence by
turning the country over to the Demo
cratic incumbents again. All these gentle
men with their little hidden booms know
this, but It will not prevent any one of
them upon 'whom the convention calls
from sending up his particular boom,
even knowing It must collapse.
WISHER'S THEATRE
September 9th and week.
'Ikcon'8 Stock Company will present at Fisher's New
Opera House the following plays, each play mounted
with new and special scenery and effects.
: Hs:9tThTnddZb.Kidnapped :
Wednesday,
Septerrpbsr 11th,
After Dark
:Thuilept3embe, 12th,The Plunger;
FRIDAY, Seplembcr 13th,
::sAT;AmLMSEE'fl Priioner of Wat!
SATURDAY NIGHT,
September 14tb,
Burr Oaks:
Sale of seats opens Saturday, September 7th, at fleai York Novelty
Store. Popular Prlees.
FOR
TILiliAmOOKi
NEHALEM
H,
PROFESSIONAL CARDS.
A. SMITH
DENTIST.
Booms 1 and t PythUn -IouIMItm.
over C. H. Cooper's store.
German Physician. Eel .-otic.
DR. BART KL, ,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
Office over Albert Dunbur's store, cor.
9th and Co.nmerclal. Prices: Calls, $1;
confinement, J10.00. Operations at idle
free; medicines furnished.
W. C. LOGAN, D. D. 8..
DENTAL PARLORS.
Manuel! Block. 672 Third street.
DR. EILIV JANSON.
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
Office over Olsen's drug store. Hours. 10
to 12 a, m.: 2 to 6 and 7 to 8 D. m, Sun
days, 10 to 11.
J. S. BISHOP. M. D..
HOMEOPATHIST.
Office and rooms In Kinney lilojlt
Ofllee Hours, 10 to 12:30 and 4 to ti:30
Surgery and Dlseascj ot Women a Spe
cialty.
LIBERTY P. MULLINIX. M. D.,
i-nYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
Office. 684H Third at, Astoria, Ore.
Special attention given to all chrnnl
diseases.
DR. O. B. ESTES,
rirsiCIN AND SURGEON.
Special attention to diseases of wom
en and surgery.
Utllee over Danzlger store. Astoria.
Telephone ?V 2.
JAY TUTTLE. M. D.
fi iHICi AN, BURGEON, AND
ACCOUCHEUR.
Office. Rooms 4 and 8. Pvthlnn
Building. Hours, 10 to 12 and 2 to
Residence, 639, Cedar street.
DOCTOR ALFRED KINNEY,
OFFICE AT HIS RESIDENCE.
May be found In his office until n
o'clock mornings, from 12 noon until 1
p. m., and from 6 until 7:30 evenings.
W. M. LaForce. S. B. Smith.
La FORCE & SMITH,
ATTORNEYS-AT-YAW,
385 Commercial etreet.
OTHBf
COAST POINTS
STEAHERS
J. Q. A. BOWLBY,
ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR
AT LAW.
Office on Second Strset Astoria, or.
J. N. Dolph. Richard Nixon
Chester V. Dolph.
DOLPH, NIXON & DOLPH,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
Portland, Oregon, 24, 25, 26, and 27,
Hamilton Building. All legal and col
lection business promptly attended to.
Claims against the government a specialty.
r. p. elijmore;
M. 8- Harrison,
AUGUSTA..
Aim
Open For -Special
Charter.
SOCIETY MEETINGS.
TEMPLE LODGE NO. 7,. A. F. and
A. M. Regular communications held
on the first and third Tuesday evening
of each month.
W. G. HOWELL, W, M. '
E. C. HOLDEN, Saaratary.
MISCELLANEOUS.
REAL ESTATE, NOTARY PUBLIC.
W. C. CASSELL,
4 Commercial Street.
FAOS IN SHIPS.
tToorge Moore la one of the most modest
of contemporary writers. He does not
tMnk that everything he has written Is
Bre.t. After tliil.-hing "Mike Fletcher."
irowever, he wrote, "At last I have wrlt-
Faila in shipbuilding seem to date from
the seventeenth century, iwhen a Dutch
merchant gave orders for a vessel to be
constructed for him' like the pictorial
representations of iNoah's artt. The ship
ping folk In the town where he resided
Jeered' at him for his eccentric idea, but
when the craft was completed, and It
was ifound capable of carrying a third
more cargo than other owner's ships, and
no extra men were required to work It,
the laugh changed sides. Probobly this
is the only Instance on record of a fad
turning out succeaFul when put to a
.practical test.
In 11414 William Doncaster patented
what he descrfbed as ibelng "the first
hydrostatic ship that has ever appeared
upon the habitable globe." It consisted
of jive pontoons, sharp pointed, to divide
the displaced water, so that it would rise
well to the waves. Four water wheels
were flxed fore and aft. between pon
toons one and two and four and live,
through which the .water ran, to prcpel
the vessel. This Invention, as might
readily be Imagined, proved of no use
whatever. Chambers' Journal.
Sailing dates to and from Tillamook and Nehalem depend
on the- weather. For freight and passenger
rates apply to
ELMORE, SANBORN & CO., Agents.
O. K & N. CO., Agents, Portland.
WHEN IN PORTLAND-Call on
Handley & Haas. 150 First street, and
get the Dally Astorian. Visitors need
not roles their morning paper while
there.
BEVERAGES.
WINES AND BRANDIES. Use Mn
fandel wine Instead of coffee or ten.
Fifty cents per gallon. Don't forget
peach and apricot brandy. Also French
Cognac and wine at Alex Gilbert's.
STEAMERS
Telephone & Bailey Gatzert.
Columbia River and Puget Sound Nav-
igation Co..
over the nature they do not yet com
prehend. They go through much real mis
ery, hugging their sensitive feelings to
their hearts, their pride and their un-
happiness mutually encouraging each
other.
Sensitive people, above all others, have
most need of that .grand spiritual virtue
common sense. And sensitive girls should
be carefully instructed as to the capabil
ities and dangers of rhelr peculiar tern,
per&ment. They should be taught to
govern not only tneir actions, put
their thoughts and fe-fllngs, by reason
and Judgment. They should be shown
how to argue their misery out ana re
duce It to its lowest terms before allow
ing themselves to be made miserable by
Imoginery sorrows. lAnd such girls should
be made to believe firmly that no virtue
lies 1n unhiapplness. The virtue and
strength Is to make our.ielves happy In
fplte of outward circumstance. We were
meant to be happy, not miserable, and
although It takes some determination and
perseverence to claim our Inheritance, It
Is we'.C worth it when wa hive obtained
it.
religion In tihelr own breasts I cannot
reach, but shall think it my duty if they
walk honestly and peaceably not to cause
them in the least to suffer for the same."
--The Saturday Review.
CROMWELL'S CONSCIENCE
SENSITIVE GIRLS.
point was surrendered ct an early stag, model, are more alike than the model. luMrteV Ti. .,l.,
11 " V .""' l" , ml "uve opinions. Mr. Moore'. sMIln. by the1 show little feeling, but
t l uovvu io ir.fi iv j uui uj i.iii-v juie roiuptieu against one another for -u-av u A ki i - v.i - .
.t. i- . i . v.,,., v,b r 1 r ,fy MM belong- to the lmpreion- pily among iAe anJ unsvtmwirh' mnr
oV,ovcr,hVreffui.r cl course, an Watson and F.f. are rival l.r.tHh de-! deal witVri 1"" ' I , c n-lence.
Harper's Rasar.
The problem of dealing with sensitive
girls Is a most difficult one for parents
or guardians. It Is necessary that such
girls Should be most judiciously managed.
The sensitive temperament Is, of al
others, that which makes most minap
rine and tro'Vbles for Its possessor,
until he (or she) has trained himself to
govcA It. and not allow It to govern him.
The chief obstacle to helping people of
sensitive temperament, whether such peo
ple are young or old, Is the Idea which
dominates most of them that their sen.
sitlveness Is a merit, and not to be ac
counted defect or a fault, or to be
controlled by the laws of com non cnse.
Sensitive people usually feel proud of the
sufferings which proceei from the deli
cate condition of their feelings, and very
scornful of those phlfgmitie folks whi
work aCong hjp-
Certaln Englishmen havo been grossly
Intolerant; but at heart the nation has,
we believe, always been tolerant anxious
that 1s, not to limit the action of the
human mind or to constrain the con
science. Here Cromwell was prophetic
ally typloal. He first put into tangible
shape England's Ideal of religious lib
ertyan Ideal aowly and painfully but
WOMEN AS POMOLOOISTS.
In the Industry of fruit-growing Amer
ican Women are coming, or rather are
very imuch, to the fore.- Fully a third ot
the Ifruit ranches in California are owned
or managed by them.
None among them has, perhaps-, made
such great success as Mrs. H. R. W.
Strong, of Wh'lttier, who Is widely known
as "the woman fruit grower of Southern
California."
Mrs. Strong has, it is said, the largest
walnut grove in the World, which com
prises 150 acres. Thist however, is only a
portion of her grove, for she has been
equally successful and enterprising with
other nuts and smatt fruits. Some time
ago, before the state board of trade, Mrs.
Strong read a paper showing the value ot
pampas grass and pomegranates as Call
fornlan products. The opinions expressed
in this article should certainly be regard
ed as coming from one who knows, for
Mrs. Strong yearly realises from $3,750 to
J5.000 from the pampas grass which grows
on either side of her avenue, which Is
800 feet long.
From the pomegranate exceKent syrups
and Jellies are made and the rind yields
quite a large quantity of tannin.
Englishwomen are not altogether stand
ing still In tMs branch of labor, but are
making the best advancement possible.
Tlielr chances for progression In this rar-
Two Daily Boata to Portland
"Telephone" leaves Astoria at 7 p. an.
daily (except StiDday).
Leaven Portland daily at 7 o. m., ex
cept Sunday.
"Bailey Gatzert" leaves Astoria Tues
day, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and
Saturday morning at 6:45 a. m. ; Snnday
evening at 7 p. m.
Leaves Portland dnilv at K
cept Sunday. On Satnrday night at 11
p. in.
Stenmer Ocean Wave leaven Pn,-n.i
Tuesday audThursday at 8 a.m..Satnrday
at 10:30 a. m.,running straight tbroujib.
luiioHi-u, cuuni'ciini! nn trains for all
points on North Beach. Leaves Ilwnco
Wednesday and Fridnv mnrninir nt
o'clock, Sunday night at 5 o'clock, for
Portland. C. W. STONE,
Agent, Astoria
Telephone No. 1L
U. B. Scott. President
E. A. Seeley. Gen'l Agt, Portland.
resolutely pursued since his tlm. Noth
ing could be better put than his words ; tlcular line have been limited, as t
now only rour years since the first Kng
gllsh horticultural college, which fs at
S'wanley, opened Ms doors to women stu
dents. Up to the present time they have
prowd themselves to be clever and able
gardeners, and the work seems to be par
ticularly adapted to them. Ex.
cn toleration: "Every sect saith: O,
give me liberty. But give him it, and
to his power, he wt.t not yield It to any
body else. Liberty of conscience Is a
natural right; ant he that would have
it oufflit to give it." On another Deci
sion he says, even more definitely, "I
derire from my heart I have prayed for
it I have waited for the day to see union
and right understanding between the
Kcdly people Scots. Engltsh, Jd.v. Gen
tiles, Presbyterians, Independent. Ana
b&p'lst9, and all." Were we to give all
Crcmc.vU's utterances on the subject of
toleration we should All our columns.
AVe wll. however, add one mora example:
i meddle not." he says, "with any man's
Jt. fop thn ntuinl
girls, who are half proud, half unhappy, j w.u: thoughts they have In matters ot
l
John Norton, who Is 93 years old. has
lived all his life in his house near Com
pounce lake, Connecticut, and although he
has been In sight of both' the North
ampton Division of the Consolidated and
of the New England railroad, he never
rode in a car of any kind until recently.
The old man 1s hale and hearty, with
all of his faculties keen and alert, and
has a good prospect of living to be 100.
He sewnn to enjoy his ride very much.
. A. V. ALLEN,
DEALER IN
Groceries, Flour, Feed, Provisions, Fruits
Vegetables, Crockery, Glass and
Plated Ware. Loggers' Supplies.
Cor. Cm ud Squtmoque Streets. Astoria. Ore
S. H. VVILLETT,
PLUMBING,
Gas and Steam Fitting,
Hot Air, Steam and
Water Heatlnj.-.
17 Twelfth street. Astoria. Or.
FREEMAN & HOLMES.
Blacksmiths.
Special attention paid to steamboat re
pairing, first-class horseshoeing, etc
LOCGIJtG CAjSP (QOiiK A SPECIALTY
UW Olney street, between Third and
and Fourth Astoria, Or.