f Jft'ilBJg;TYfijft
THIS DAILY- ABTOtUAJS, ASTOitiA, flitlDAY MOKMU AUGUST 29, 1895,
Teachers Should Teach Scholars
Without Uooks.
IT IS SCIENTIFIC INSTRUCTION
Germany Has Loug Since Adopted
the New Method in Her
Schools.
Dr. J. M. Rico, In the Forum, condensed
for PuNjilc Opinion.
In my opinion tne greatest fault In the
schools ot our country lies In the proces
sional weakness of our teachers. In
order to ibe an Ideal teacher, more is
required than the ability to conduct a
recitation ecientlilcaJy, yet the ability to
teach. Is fundamental. iiefore our ideal
individual 10 worthy the namo or
"teacher," she must add to her moral
traits a' knowledge of pedagogical prln
ciples, and skill in their practical ap
plication. The fundamental purposes in
elementary teaching are. two: first, to de
velop power the power to oubctvc, to
reason, to do; second, to aid the child in
storing in his mind a fund of useful
' knowledge. Of the old jrchool of teaching
It may 'be said that the end and aim
is the acquisition of knowledge; It appeals
almost exclusively to the memory, and
does tout little toward the development
of power. On the other hand, our most
radical performers are lnulnod to look
lightly on the acquisition of knowledge,
and to recognize as Important only the
development of power. Of course, on
sober thought, we cannot fall to realize
that both sides must receive due atten
tion. If it be the teacher's aim to lead the
child to think, it Is necessary for her to
upply the principle that the child must
be told nothing that he is able to find
out for himself. To compel the child
to Btudy the lesson from the text boon
In advance of the recitation, Is to vio
late this prlnclp.o In toto, because by
this means he Is directly told by the
text book every point that he might
abe to reason out lor !umej. In order
pupeny to appiy tne principle, It Is neces
sary to bring the new mutter before the
pupil for the first time during the recita
tion period. The aim of progrtSaive
teachers is to aid the pupil In bul.ding,
so to say, a solid and permanent muita.
structure, consisting of fundamental
ideas, based upon concrete lacts, wnleu
tnemse.ves i'hau ever remain ficsh ana
active, forming a lund cf ready knowl
edge. To construct a mental fabric 01
tnls nature, It is necessary to bring
the idea to the notice of the pupil in a
psycnologlca. order. It is only when wt
progress s.owly and systematical. y, from
the known to the unknown, and from the
concrete to the abstract, that the facts
may be properly welded to gather ai d
..ad to the formation o. clcir funda
mi'UUJ. Ideas. To trip oy the oidlnary
text book method means a failure to.
spply tnese principles. Cor two reasons:
(1) In t le text book tho fucts are not
arranged in a psychological order, but
merely In a logical one; (2) In th text
book the facts are presented In too rapid
succession.
True instruction will not bo obtained
until the teacher l substituted for the
text book, as It is then only thut tho
principles of teaching can be properly ap
plied. The early attempts to teach with
out a text book are necessarily exceeding
ly feeble. To reach any degree of pro
ficiency in scientific teaching is dlificult,
and Involves yoars of study and prac
tice. If we, as Americans, should feel
unequal to the task It would be bettor
to retain the text took. But If we believe
that we are able to do v.'hat our German
colleagues have long since accomplished,
then there Is nothing to foe gained by
waiting. It Is in the subjects involved
In building up the thought-content of the
mind that the teacher finds the golden
opportunity to carry her Ideals Into prac
' tics. It is from the Ideas presented In
them that the child secures that fund
of knowledge which will exert a strong
Influence In determining his Ideals and
interests In life. The most prominent J
among those studies are geography, his
tory, and the natural sciences. While, m
the old school, the time devoted to these
branches Is small as compared with that
given to the formal ones, In the grow
ing school the tendency Is to bring the
thoun'ht-studles more and more to the
foreground.
In spite of their bar to scientific teach
ing, there has been strong opposition to
the Temoval of the text books, and par
ticularly for two reasons; it Is claimed
that , If the text book Bhould be abol
ished, the child would not acquire the
ability to use books; and that the re
moval of the text book wo-Jld couse the
teachor to do the work for the pupil,
so that the child's mind would be no
longer properly disciplined. Itoth. objec
tions are, In my opinion, entirely un
founded. First, the fundamental purpose
of education does not lie In teaching the
child how to use books; this Is simply
li n Important Incident, which It Is well
for the teachor to bear In mind. Again,
to study a lesson from the text book does
not teach tho child how to use books;
It simply leads him to perform a task,
either to please the teacher or to avoid
punishment. To know how to tiso books
Is to understand how to look up sources
of Information, and this ability cannot
be acquired by committing to memory the
words of the text book. Uy directing the
pupils to write compositions, and by fre
quently calling for debates, in each In
stances suggesting lists nf works to be
used for reference, more can bo done
In a few exercises than can be accom
plished Iby years of lesson study. Sec
ond, when the teacher takes tho place of
the text book, Hie child is by no means
relieved of a task; on the contrary, In
a recitation conducted on scientific prln
ttpfles, the child Is obliged to perform
Intellectual labor more severe in charac
ter, though less dull and mechanical,
than when he commits the contents of the
text book to memory. When he studies
the text tiook. he acquires his Informa
tion simply by exercising his memory;
In a scientific recltatln, on the other
hand, he Is obliged, to bring many of his
(acuities Into plsy In order to accom
plish his task.
gress. Several other states havo alrsdy
appointed these delegates. Governor
Thornton cays In his letter to Governor
Lord on the subject: "I beg kavo to call
your attention again to this congress and
nsk you to appoint delegates to repre
sent your state. This will be one of the
most tmiportant Irrigation conventions
ever held and I ask your co-operation
and extend to you a cordial invitation to
be present.' Now, If there are any citt
zens of tho state who think they can de
rive benefits for themselves or tha state
commensurate with the expense of tho
trip, here is their opportunity to bo hon
ored' by a state appointment. The move
ment Is the result of the proposition by
the national government to give to the
several states one minion acres of land
each ifor the reclaiming of the same by
irrigation. There are numbers of parties
in Eastern Oregon interested In the mat
ter of reclaiming such lands, and cos-
sibly some may wish to learn more of the
project. If so, the 'meeting In New Mcx
Ico will be a good opportunity for them.'
The Astorlan would suggest the ad
visability of the governor shutting off
Mr. Klncald's little two dollar perquisites
on these "commissions."
What is
mm m m a w m c
JUL
4X4
M
Grasshoppers are tv.'. to be more nu
merous In certain portions of the Itogue
River Valley this season, than for many
years, and In some places have been more
or less destructive. Recently at the
former 'Roper place, on east side of Rear
creek, now tenanted by Harry Green, the
hoppers threatened to ruin a young peach
orchard, attacking the foliage viciously.
Mr. Green undertook a plan to kill the
hoppers that Is said to hava worked most
successfully. Taking a quantity of bran,
molasses and arsenic, he mixed these in
gredients up into a tempting potion, and
scattered It In small piles on the ground
over the orchard. The hoppers gathered
around the medicine In 'myriads and par
took with the result that they wero'soon
heaped up over the ground three or four
deep, but fortunately dead. Enough of
the grasshoppers were not left to do fur
ther damage. The cost for covering the
27-acre orchard was about $10. This
remedy is worthy the attention of those
who are bothered with grasshopper!!.
Castoria Is Dr. Samuel Pitcher's prescription for Infants
and Children. It contains neither Opium, Morphine nor
other Narcotic substance. It is a harmless substitute
for Paregoric, Drops, Soothing Syrups, and Castor Oil.
It is Pleasant. Its guarantee is thirty years use by
Millions of Mothers. Castoria destroys Worms and allays
feverishness. Castoria prevents vomiting Sour Curd,
cures Diarrhoea and Wind Colic. Castoria relieves
teething troubles, cures constipation and flatulency.
Castoria assimilates the food, regulates the stomach
and bowels, giving healthy and natural steep. Cas
toria Is the Children's Panacea the Mother's Friend.
Castoria.
Frank C. Raker, who Is a well known
admirer of fine -horseflesh, Is now Jhe
owner of one or tne handsomest and fast
est little animals in the upper coast. He
has purchased from J. K. Kirklaml, who
bred her, the dark brown mare, Little
Maid, 2:18, by Rockiwood, dam by Ham
bletonian Mambrlno, and has taken her
from the track to make a road mare of
her. -She was foaled In 1889 and is given
in the yearly horse book with a record
of 2:26, which was her best performance
Jp to the last compilation. Slnco then she
made 2.18 at Portland this n. She
-. as pretty as a picture and be"
Intelligence and life. Air. ilakir n. a ner
photographed yesterday ard will take her
to Portland this morning, where he will
drive her on the White House road
amon;; the flyers of the metropolis.
itesman.
Sllverton pcoplo now grope around In
;he darkness. The electric light com
uny at that place will not submit to a
eduction of mtes, and as the city will
lot pav t ie price It has been paying, the
Ig.itd : .'. ; ! .iut off.
No truce whatever can be found of
' '.bert li. ( bber, the Portland poultry
nan, and It is now thought he was
I'rowned while going from Portland to
rto88 Island by capsizing his Bkiff.
A very fatal disease prevails among
lors s .n the neighborhood jf Wjpiikla,
"r :i.,-d several vi'luafc4 animals have
dl-:d. It res'Trf!lf'S mx.hi:i that lias been
known in that vicinity before.
The l.i.tem cstlnVtte gives 7,000,000 pounds
vs t'.iawing the amount of wool which has
passed throuivh 'the warehouses in The
Dalles this cummer.
Tivo men were overcome by heat In a
harvest field In Umatilla county last Fri
day ami lled in a short time.
Are You
Going
East?
"Castoria Is an excellent medicine for chil
dren. Mothers have repeatedly told me of its
good effect upon their children."
Dr. G. C. Osgood,
. Lowell, Mass.
"Castoria Is the best remedy for children of
which I am acquainted. I hope the day is not
far distant when mothers will consider the
real Interest of their children, and use Castoria
Instead of the various quack nostrums which
are destroying their loved ones, by forcing"
opium, morphine, soothing syrup and othsr
hurtful agents down their throats, thereby
aiding them to premature graves."
Dr. J. P. Kinchelob,
Conway, Ark.
Castoria.
".Castoria Is so well adapted to children that
I recommend It as superior to any prescription
known to me."
H. A. Archer, M. J).,
in So. Oxford St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
" Our physicians in the children's depart
ment have spoken highly of their experi
ence in their outside practice with Castoria,
and although we only have among our
medical supplies what is known as regular
products, yet we are free to confess that the
merits of Castoria has won us to look with
favor upon it."
United Hospital and Dispensary,
Boston, Mass,
Allen C. Smith, Pres.
The Centaur Company, 77 Murray Street, New York City.
UNIVERSITY OF OREGON, S 895-! 896.
TIIK UXIVERSI TY OF ORKGON, Eugene, Oreou, offers free tuition to al
tudcN's. Vomit; men can obtain board, Iod(,'in(:, heat and light in tho dormitory
for if'i.ot) per week. Roomers furnish their own HueD. Younjj women nre provided
with Imnrd in private fumilieB ut .3.00 per week. Young women desiring board
nhonl'1 aodreHs Prof. John Sirnup, Eugene, Oregon;. or Secretary Young Women's
' nistian AcBuciation, Eugene. The University offers three bncealunieate degrees
Barlielor of Art-), Biichelor of Seieuce and Bachelor of Letters, with corresponding
eoun.es of Btudy. The following shorter courses are also offered: An English course
h'Miliu in two years to ti business diploma and iu three years (o the title graduate
in Etij.di.-h; mi ndvnneed course fur graduates of normal Hrhools leading to the de
cree master of pedugog;, ; a three yearj' course iu eivil engineering leading to the
It ;.; ee civil engineer; h course of twi years for teachers of physical education
lending to h di)lomn iin.l the title ciiieelor of physical edui'iitioii. The University
i'Ii t rye-, a, i mciduii tril i- or ten dollars, winch ts puyubJn in tuivimc" by all students.
S'li'lenU holding iii)!n,i .is from the public! fehuols and tl-ose hav ng teachers' cer,
tificntrs nre admitted t- Uio prenarntoiy department without examination. Those
desiring infoi miition regurding the preijmatoiy department tdmuld address the
lean. N. L. Narregau, Eugene.
For catalogues and information address 0. II. Chapman, President, or J. J
Walton, Secretary, Eugene, Oixgou.
STATE NEJWS.
tiT((..nr rtm Culled from Oresyt's
l.M.ln Newwiiapers.
The Statesman av: 'Cloverno Lord
l In rwekpt of a letter from Governor
T-hnn?n ft New Mexico requesting the
appointment of fivs . delegates to the
tourtn National Irrigation congress to
Be sure and see that your ticket
reads via
THE NORTH-WESTERN
line:.
CHICAGO.
ST. PAUL,
MINNEAPOLIS
and
OMAHA RAILWAYS.
This is the
QUE AT SHORT LINE
Between
DULUTH,
ST. PAUL,,
CHICAGO
Ami all Points East and
South.
Their Magnificent Track. Feerls Ve
tibuled Dining and Sleeiiiiid Chf
Train nd Motto:
ALWAYS ON TIME'
Have given this road a national reputa
tion. All classes of paasenKera carried
on the vestibuled trains without extra
charge Ship your freight and travel
over this famous line. All agents havs
tickets.
V. II. MEAD. P. C. SAVaOE,
(l!n Agent Trav. F. and P. Agt
ti 'f,shlnjflon St., Portland, Or.
CHARIiES HEIliBORSON
Importers and D. alers in
Furniture,
House Furnishing,
Goods and Carpets.
Are You Going East?
t held at A'.Hu.iucrque on September li obtainable.
If so, drop a line to A. C. Sheldon,
jrenernl agent of the "Burlington
ItiHite." 2:0 Washington St., Portland.
He will mall you free ot charge, maps,
time tables, and advise you as to the
through rates to any point, reserve
sleeping cur accommodations for you,
and frni?!! yra vt'h thro;iRh tickets
via either the Northern. Union, South
ern. Canadian Faolhc, and Great North
ern railroads at tho very lowest rates
Th1)' carry next to the largest stock carried by any
dealer but one in the state of Oivgon. Goods of all kinds,
from the very finest, to the cheapest, at lowtr prices than
can be obtainel in Portland. Visitors to the Regfit a are in
vited to call and inspect their mammoth store and ware
rooms one of the sisrhts of Astoria.
ML ANGEL COLLEGE.
Mt. Axiuel, Alurloxi Co., Ore.
Located 40 miles south of Portland, on
the Southern Pacific railroad.
COJIMRCllL, CLASSICAL, SCILVTIFIC COI RSES
Musio taught on all instruments.
Shorthand, Drawing,
Typewriting, Languages
Terms, $100.00 Per Term of 5 ilonths.
For the
Best
Regatta
Meal. .
Go tO- mgb-
Apply for catalogue to
THE REV.
DIRECTOR.
J. B. WYATT,
Astoria, Oregon.
to 19 inotunv, to represent tha state
of Orron. Ttis governor states that he
win appoint any cltlion Interested in the
Subject ho desires to attend tha con-
The Burlington Route Is generally
conceded to be the finest equipped rail
road in the world for all classes of
travel.
Hardware,
Ship Chandlery.
Groceries,
Provisions.
PAINTS and OILS.
' Special Atuntioa Paid ta Supplying Ships.
The Palace
Restaurant
All the Delicacies
of the Season
Served at the
Most Reasonable Rates
Suits
-to-measure,
$35
IHEonl; way to Ota man is to first find
out Just wtut kind of a man you ltavi to
ftt-that's Just what wo do take your
measure exact and cut the suit for you and
Tie Reason It!
It must fit, or we'll keep 'em.
- tailoring
exclusively.
chas. Mcdonald,
The Tailor.
523 Commercial Street.
nsTOHifl -
MATTRESS
- frctohv,
378 Commercial Street
Mamufacturers of every description ot
Lounges, Mattreesee, etc.
REPAIRING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES
The Resort
On Commercial street, is the place
where the businessman itnd tne lnbonns
man go for what is culled "BKST ON
THE COAST," or a nice oool driuk of
the celebrated Oambrinus beer, band
wiohes of every kind made to order, find
n eleeant free luncu served every day.
You are welcome.
Grosbauer & Bracb.
Dalgitg
Iron
Works,
General machinist and Boiler Works.
All kinds of Canneiy, Ship, Steamboat
and engine Work or any Description
Castings of all kinds made to order.
Foot of Lafavette St., Astotla, Or.
After (Deals!
Or nt any other time
when you wish a good
cigar ask for the well
known, home-made,
, , hand-made, white labor
citfar
"La Oelle Astoria."
Uonoeded by all smokers
to ba the best cijjar
manufactured.
W. F. SCHIEBE,
71 iMintr? Street,
Astoria, Oregon
FOARD & STOPS GO.
DEALERS IN
Picnic Canned Goods,
Tents,
.Camp Stoves,
Camp Cooking Utensils,
Baskets,
And the latest
All-Wool Sleeping Bags
At all prices. Just the thing for camp
ers, prospectors, etc. Sure to keep warm.
at nights. Better than blankets.
Astoria is an ideal port not only
because of her extraordinary nat
ural advantage, but also on ac
count of the wonderful success of
thtty improvements.
tyoss, Biggins d Go.
Is an ideal firm to deal with,
as tliey ...
Carry Large Stocks
OF
First - Glass Goodi
And sell
them at
them, and sell
" Bedrock " Prices.
Note lie Variety !
Fr-C3h
and
Cured
Meats
Fancy
and
Staple
Groc-ries
Hay
Oats
and
Feed
Fruits
Nuts
and
Confectionery
IS THERE?
co
ls there a man with heart so cold,
That from his family would withhold
The comforts which they all could find
In articles of FURNITURE of th
right kind.
And we would suggest at this season,
nice Sideboard, Extension Table, or se
of Dining Chairs. We have the larges
and llnest line ever shown In the city
and at prices that cannot fail to pleas
th closest buyers.
HElLBORiN & SON.
EVERY REQUISITE FOR
: First Class Funerals :
AT
POf4li'S Undertaking Parlors,
THIRD STREET.
Rates ReaionaDie. Embalming Specialty
As Franklin says, good dress opens
all doors, you should not lose sight of
the fact that a perfect fitting suit Is
the main feature. Wanamaker &
Brown are noted for fit, workmanship
and superiority of qualities. Their rep
resentative visits Astoria every three
months. Office 64 Dekum Building,
Portland. Or. Reserve orders till you
have seen the spring line of samples.
Paints
Oils
and
Hardware
Wholesale
and
Retail
"THE MILWAUKEE."
The only railroad lighting Its trains by
electricity.
The only railroad usiua :he celebrated
elec.nc berth reading lump.
The coaches now rimnlnR on "The Mil
waukee" are Palaces on Wheels.
On ail Its through lines, the Chicago,
M;iwaukt and St. Paul Rail way runs the
most perfectly equipped trains of Sleep
ing, Pari, r, and Dir ii.g Cars and Coaches.
ASTOm SAVINGS BilSK
Acts as trustee for corporations and
individuals. Deposits solicited.
Interest will be allowed nn waving.
deposits at the rate of 4 per cent ner
annum.
J. Q. A. BOWLBY PreMnl
BENJ. TOUNO Vlr PMm
FRANK PATTON Cashlei
DIRECTORS.
J. Q. A. Bowlby, C. H. Page, BenJ
Young. A. 6. Reed, D. P. Thompson
W. E. Dement, Oust Holmes.
' 1 A UckedtSstes ard Canada, apply to ticket
GENERAL CONTRACTOR.
FILE DS1VE3, HOUSE, BRIDGE END
agents, or address
C. J. EDDY.
Geoeril Aptnt,
Portland, Oregon.
wharf iii'iLnnii.
! Mrs. T. S. nawWns. Chattanooga,
Tenn,, says. "Shilor's Vitallier -SAVr'n
AJirna. fco 1S0. Postoffc. ASTORIA. Ot MT LIFE.' I consider it tne best ren-
fuy iur 1 ut-uiiiiaiea system I ever
Dr. Price's Cream Baklnt Powder ntrouUe! ffSSt
Coo tains bo Aaiiaooia or Alum. For Sale by J. W. Conn.
MAKE Attractive. Start by being th
unnn moet beautiful creature iu it.
IIKJI IC if von have beauty preserve
it. If not, you can improve voor Jooka
immensely. Where there's a ill there's
a way. A good way is the use of my
articles, especially
Lola Jilofitez Greme
7o per pot.
Brines besn'y fo
the faro by feed
ing thmnth the
skin pore, ee
life to faded fnoes.
Sold t,y Mrs D
K. tlLOUNT,
457 Dnane St As
toria.Ore(ton. Mrs Xettin liar.
W,i.Clit.f, Tr-iuM rison. America'
I iiou. rUtUus. oeauty doctor.
40 and 42 Geary St., San Francisco. CaL
1 i