Vol. xix. Astoria, Oregon, Tuesday Morning, September 11, 1883 No. 139. EV ART'S ADDRESS At the Completion of the N- P.R. R. Ex-Secretaiy Win. M. Evarts delivered the address at the driv ing of the last spike near Helena, Montana, on the Sth inst. He said: Jfr President Villard and (rcntlrneH, our Felhiccitizens and Foreign G'kch&c shall find it easy to conform, for my share of it, to the distribution of the entire time which has been accorded for this striking ceremony, to mark the date and place of the completion of this great public work. Your own address of welcome, Mr. President, has called to attention the principal step and methods by which this noble consummation has been reached, and the eminent gentlemen who are to follow me will illustrate, from every point of view, the magnitude of the achieve ment, and give eloquent utterances to sentiments of admiration for the great qualities and congratulation upon the fortunate influences which have secured the result sentiments whioh I see, as 1 look around me, swell every breast and brighten every eye. Indeed, I am very glad to feel that thus placed between what has conn before and what is to come after, in short speech may be fairly treated as a mere parenthesis, which, the grammarians tell us, ma' always be omitted without injuring the sense. It is true, if were to make the very briefest allusion to the mani fold interesting incidents, if I were merely to touch upon even the many great things which have marked the progress of this enter prise through all its vicissitudes to its final success, if I were to ex hibit only its most notable con tests with and triumphs over the difficulties and obstacles which nature human, alas! as well as material 3iad "put in its way, I should trascend all limits of time and your patience before I got as far as Helena, starting at either end. But of such enlargement, even, the subject has no need. In all the long route from St. Paul to Portland and Puget Sound, the work has spoken and will speak the praise of its conception, its pro jection, its completion, in more impressive tones, ana witn a juster emphasis, than words could express. If I can only run a single furrow through the wide field of observation and illustra tion open before us, if 1 can barely mark the bright track of prophecj, faith and works which have wrought out the grand consumma tion, the demands of the occasion, I cannot but feel, will be quite satisfied. I have spoken of prophecy, faith and works as all contributory to the success of this enterprise, and so, indeed, they have been. Neither of them could have been spared from this, or from anv weighty and imposing task of human endeavor. Forecast, con fidence and labor will accomplish whatever is within the compass of man's power. Let us consider a little the part they have each played in the work complete, which now, in our presence, its builder, the Northern Pacific Rail road company, has "crowned with its last hand. Fortuately for us, neither Eng lish nor Spanish explorers of the west coast had discovered the mouth of the Columbia river be fore our independence was estab lished. Fortunately, also, after that event, though both the Eng lish and the Spaniards continued their explorations Qn that coast, it was a Xew Eugland trading cap tain, Robert Gray, of the ship Columbia, that first penetrated the mouth ol this river, to which he gave its name, and verified and recorded it as a discovery which, under the rules then prevailing, carried to this country the sover eignty of the region drained by the river and its tributaries. The accurate and circumspect entry made in his log book by this in telligent New England shipmaster, was the title deed of the United States to the region embraced in the state of Oregon and the terri tory of Washington against subse quent claims of discovery made by Great Britain, and, in some sort, by Spain. It- was under this title that we maintained a footins: of joint occupation with Great Brit ain, and, finalh, by the treaty of ISiG, of exclusive title up to the division line of the 49th parallel By the treaty of Washington of 1871, under the arbitration of the Emperor of Germany, our con struction ot the division Jine in Puget's Sound and the communi cating channels was established. Until the acquisition of California, as the result ol the .Mexican war, this res-ion was our sole footing upon the Pacific ocean, and this excited ihti interest and ambition of the Nation for an overland communication with this remote and unpeopled possession. Immedia tely upon the Louisiana purchase in 1S03, the forecast and energy of Jeffer son was shown in the project of the survey of the v;ist wilderness intervening to discover a practi cable route for migration and traffic. Congress voted the money for an expedition to trace the Missouri to its source, to cross the highlands, and to follow down the water courses to the Pacific ocean. Lewis and Clarke executed this task. Starting from St. Louis in May, 1S04. they wintered fifty miles above the present town of Bismarck, and came in sight of the ocean on the 7th of November? 1S05. Commencing their return March, 1S0C, they reached St. Louis in September of the same year. Thus, under the instruc tions drawn by the hand of Jeffer son himself, the route now occu pied by the Northern Pacific rail road was opened to the attention of the people of the United States, and has from time to time engag ed their interest, till the dream, the prospect, the project and the effort have ended in the work here and now. Henceforth the transit from the Mississippi to the mouth of the Columbia and the return, will be made in nine days for the round trip, which occupied the first explorers two years and a half. The prophecy and advocacy of a railroad to our Pacific coast possession, to the Columbia river and to Puget Sound, followed close upon the first introduction in this country of this system of traf fic and travel. As early as 1834, when the arrival or departure of a railroad train had still something of novelty even in Boston, a vil lage physician in western Massa chusetts, Dr. Samuel Barlow, the father of Mr. Barlow of New York, well known on both sides tho At lantic as an eminent solicitor, pressed upon the. attention of his countrymen, in articles showing great forecast and sagacity, the vast imjortance and the clear feasibility of such an enterprise as that whose completion wc this day celebrate. He writes in 1837: "My feeble pen would fail me to expatiate on the substantial time enduring glory which would re dound to our nation should it en gage in this stupendous under taking." Dr. Parker, a distin guished missionary to the Oregon Indians, who had repeatedly trav ersed the route, in 1S33 to 1835, asserted that there was no more difficulty in such a railroad than in one between Boston and Albany, and prophesied that the time was j not far distant when tours would be made across the continent as they were then made to Niagara. Willis Gaylord Clark, in 1833, in an eloquent exposition of the sub ject in a leading magazine, assev erated that "the reader is now living who will make a railroad trip across this vast continent" Penetrated with this feeling, the missionary, Whitman, in 1S42, started on a winter journey to Washington across the Rocky mountains, to awaken the state department to the movements go ing on, in British interests, to alienate from us our Oregon pos sessions. Under this impulse di plomatic negotiations were pushed and guided till the treaty of 184G drew the boundary line between the two nations, and terminated the joint possession. Thus, all the instincts and aspirations for this transcontinental connection fastened themselves upon this northern route. The spread of knowledge and zeal in the hearts of our countrymen had to do with this project and no other. But the acquisition of Califor nia, the discovery of its till then hidden gold, the absorption of people and government in the ter rible struggles between freedom and slavery for the occupa tion of our new domain, and final ly the civil war, aroused new mo tives and new arguments which urged irresistibly the transconti nental connection, but diverted the first compliance with the po litical, military and popular exi gencies from the northern to the southern and central routes. Thus once more in human affairs, the last was made first, and the first last. During this period,. howev er, the agitations of the subject before congress and in public meetings by Asa Whitney, the convention at Chicago in the spring of 1849, and at St Louis in the fall of that year, the vehement and persistent propagandism of Josiah Perham, all had to do with this northern route, and the feel ing thus awakened and developed with this object, were, no doubt, easily transferred to the service of the other routes, when para mount motives gave them the pre cedence. In 1S53 congress made appro priations for the exploration and survey of all the proposed routes, and a valuable and adequate expo sition of the northern pathway across the mountains was secured. The survey from the east under the charge of Govenor Stevens, and from the west conducted by Captain McClellan, met near the point where we now stand, and these surveys have furnished the basis upon which the calculations and combinations, corporate and financial, ever afterward proceeded, till the point was reached when actual construction needed to be provided for. On the 2d of July, 1SGJ, the bill for the construction of the Northern Pacific railroad was signed by Abraham Lincoln. The enthusiasm of Perham, which anticipated a rush of his country men that would bring, if need be, a million subscribers for $100 of tho stock apiece, induced the in sertion of a clause in tho act pro hibiting either the issue of bonds or the creation of a mortgage in the aid of the construction. This financial folly, and much time and labor spent in trying to obtain from congress a very moderate aid by tho government, in the shape of a guaranty of interest for a lim ited period, held the whole enter prise in abeyance till, in 1870, the obnoxious section was expunged from the act, and some other ben eficial provisions inserted, and the company took the resolution to build the road on the faith that capital would show in the enter prise itself, and in the prospective value of tho government land grant should the construction be carried through. Perham's popular subscription having proved wholly abortive, his organization of the company was transferred to one made up in New England in December, 18G5; of which Governor J. Gregory Smith of Vermont, became the president. The financial agency of the enterprise was offered to, and after careful examination arid a new survey, was accepted by the eminent bankers, Jay Cooke & Co., then in their highest repute from their wonderful administra tion of the immense treasury trans actions in the issue and distribu tion of the bonds of the United States. The wisdom of the selection of this eminent financial agency, and the immense enginery at its com mand, were quickly demonstrated. During the years 1870 and 1871 the company received nearly 30, 000,000 from the saie of its bonds conducted by Jay Cooke & Co., and the money was rapidly ap plied to the actual building of the road. The source of supply, how ever, proved not to be perennial nor inexhaustible, and the compa ny was pressed for funds, ::i thn. summer of 1S72. A change then took place in the presidency. The financial outlook for the enter prise became less and less encour aging, till this gloom spread over all our affairs, and the general panic of 1873 swallowed up the company and its financial agents in the common insolvency. But this brief period of plenty and prosperity was well employed. Never was the prudence of mak ing hay while the sun shines more clearly illustrated. In this period the road was built from the east to the Missouri river and on the west between Columbia river to Puget Sound. Upon this firm basis, as the 2)0U st Archimedes, the skillful engineers of the compa ny's present prosperity have lifted the heavy globe from the cata clysm in which it was engulfed, till now it blazes upon our eyes, "lolus in seijxto, ters, atqur rolun dus." General Cass succeeded Gover nor Smith as president, and skill fully nursed the energies of the enterprise during the inglorious period of its eclipse. He became its receiver upon the decree of bankruptcy in 1S75, and, through the actual cautery of foreclosure and sale, the property became vested in the present reorganiza tion under the honest, generous, substantial and successful scheme, of conciliation between the disap pointed interests of the past and the hopeful interests of the future, known as the "Billings" plan. This eminent gentleman, who unites the unusual distinctions of credit as a lawyer among lawyers, and a financier among financiers, became a director in tho company in 1S70, and has continued in its management ever since, succeed ing Mr. Wright, of Pennsylvania, in 1879, and succeeded by Mr. Villard in 1SS1, as president, af ter a temporary occupancy of the place by Mr. Barney. As Mr. Billings dates his connection with the company from before the del uge, he will be able to correct the impressions of any who, in the glorious sunshine of to-day's pros perity, may imagine it was not much of a shower. The restoration, however, of fi nancial confidence and strength, was by no means immediate or unchecked. The preferred stock after the reorganization com manded only twenty-five or thirty cents on the dollar in Wall street, and at one time fell to SS a share, and the common stock to 1.50. Appeals to. congress to aid its se curities by guaranty of interest were again resorted to and again refused. But in the meanwhile the good management of the frag ments of completed road showed net earnings of some- 300,000 in 187G, and some S500,000 in 18? S. This kept alive the organization and confirmed confidence. The meritsiof the route and the value of the lands when the road should bo finished were courageously re lied upon by the experienced and able men who put their own for tunes in tho enterprise, to attract the confidence of capital and give credit to the bonds and value to the stock of the road. And, now, the flood of the tide of financial prosperity of the whole country floated this enter prise which its ebb lias left strand ed. The resumption of specie payments by the government in 1879, the rapid conversion of the public debt into 4, 4, 3A- and 3 per cent, securities, the rapid re duction of the debt itself, set at liberty great amounts of capital for participation in thG active em ployment of money. These stu pendous transactions of the treas ury at once compelled and attract ed immense investments in well founded enterprises of industry Continued on 2nd Page. PESmIeIeDI! RHEUMATISM. Neuralgia, Sciatica, Lumbago. Backache, Soreness of iho Chest, Gout, Quinsy, Sore Throat, Swell' ings and Sprains, Burns and Scalds, General Bodily Pains, Tooth, Ear and Headache, Frosted Feet and Ears, and all. other Pains and Aches. . Ko Preparation on earth cqcah Sr. Jacob Oil fti a safe, sure, simple and cheap External Cemedjr. A trial en tills but the awparatlTdly trifling outlay of 50 Cents, and erery ons suffer ing with pain an Imo cheap and padtiro proof of iU claims. Directions in Keren language. BOLD BY ALL DETJG GISTS A2D DE ALEB3 in HEDiorrrs. A VOG-EIER & CO., Ualtlmore, 2Sd., V. S. A. Sat i Absolutely Pure. This powder never varies. A marvel o purity, strensth and wholesomeness. More ecouomic-il than the ordinary kinds, and cannot K sold in competition with the iurI liiiuie ol low test short weight, alum or ihoiluue powders. Soldoriluin cans. Roy AI.IlAKl.VO rnwDKK Co.. 10G Wall-st. N. Y. A LETTER FROM GERMANY. ; t ; ks, January 9, 1SS2. Very tutPt-ituiI sirs: The praise your IJvor Pi 11k hnve called f.rth here Ik wonderful. After taking one and a hsilf loxes of your genuine DIt. C. 2IcX.AXn,3 HVK1L 1'IL.LS, I have en tirely recovered from my four years suflbr-i:-r. AH who k-Mjw me wonder how I, who, for so many years, had no appetite, aud could not sleep for backache, stitch in my side, and general stomach coin pinints, could have recovered. An old lady in our city, who has suuered for many years frmn kidney disease, and the doctors hail given her up, took two of your Pills, and got more relicr than she lis; from all the doctors. Yours trulv. J. VON DKR HERO. BEWARE OF IMITATIONS. The genuine are never sugar-coated. Kvery 1kx has a red wax seal on the lid, with .the Impression: McLano't Liver Pill. The genuine aicIiAXE'S LlVP'It I'lT.I-S bear the signature of C. McLme and Flemiiig-Hros. on the wrappers. Insist upon having the genuine DIt. C. SIcIiAXE'S X.IVER nixs, prepared by Fleming Bros., of Pittsburgh, Pn., the market being full of imitations of tho name McLnne, spelled differently, but of sumc pronunciation. If your storekeeper does not have tho Cfl n Hi no IIt. C. McIuVXE'S CKLE lJltATEU LIVER P1IXS, send us 25 cents, and wc will send you a box by mail, and a set of our advertising cards. FLEMING BROS., Piltsunrgli, la. MAGNUS C. 0R0SBY, Dealer lu HARDWARE, IRON, STEEL, Iron Pipe and- Fittings, PLUMBERS AND STEAM FITTERS Goods and Tools, SHEET LEAD STRIP LEAD SHEET IRON TIN AND COPPER, Stoves, Tin Ware and House Furnishing Goods. JOBBING IN SHEET IRON, TIN. COP Irk v&.C?i .A mi S3, HIM 11 W PER PLUMBING and STEAM FITTIUC Done with neatness and dispatch. None but first class workmen employed. A large assortment or SCALE? Constantly on hand WILLIAM HOWE -DEALER IX- Doors, Windows, Blinds, Transoms, Lumber. All kind of OAK LUMBER, J SSrS Boat ftlaterial, Etc. j Boats of all Kinds Made to Order, j "Orders from a distance promptly attended to, and satisfaction guaranteed In all cases S. AKNDT & JFERCBEN, ASTORIA. - OREGON. The Pioneer Machine Shop DLACKSMITH sun T Boiler Shop All kinds of ENGINE, CANNERY, STEAMBOAT WORK Promptly attended to. A specialty made of repairing CANNERY DIES, FOOT OF LAFAYETTE STREET. ASTORIA IRON WORKS. Bentox Street, Near Paukkh House, ASTORIA. - OREGON. GENERAL MACHINISTS AND BOILER MAKERS. LAHDaiMAEffiEIrIM BoilerWork, Steamboat Work and Cannery Work a spe cialty. Of all Descriptions made to Order at Short Xotlo.e. A. D. Wass. President. J. (J. HusTiiKR, Secretary, J. V. Cask, Treasurer. joux Fox.Superintendent. LOEB & CO., JOBBERS IN WINES, LIQUORS, AND CIGARS. AGENTS FOR THE Best San Francisco Houses and Eastern Distilleries. Tumblers Decanters, and AH Kinds of Saloon Supplies. EgrAH goods .sold at San Francisco Trices. MAIN STREET, Opposite Parker House, Astoria, OreRon. BUY THE BEST ! BARBOUR'S Irish Flax Salmon Met Threads Woodberry, and Needle Brands, SEINE TWINES. AND COM 1KB LEAD LIKES, Fish Pounds, HeineB, and A'ets Imported to Order. A. Larp Stoefcof Netting, lishLiBes AND FISH HOOKS. CONSTANTLY ON HAND. HENRY DOYLE & CO., 5 1 7 and 5 1 9, MARKET STREET SAN FRANCISCO. JSTVA-gents for tho Pacific Coast. FOARD & STOKES, WE HAVE OPENED AGAIN In Hume's J,eTBuiIduiff, And are Seady to Supply the "Wants of Our Customers. A FULL STOCK OF Fresh Groceries. AND Bracket Work A SPECIALTY. BUSINESS CAHDS. ATTORNEY AT LAW. Rooms 5 and C. Odd Fellows Buildins. i V. AL1I.1EX, Astoria Agent Hamburg-Magdeburg and German-American TIRE INSURANCE COMPANIES. .NOTARY PUBLIC, AUCTIONEER, COMMISSION AND IN SURANCE AGENT. JAY TUTTLE, 31. I. PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON Offick Rooms 1, 2, and 3. Pythian Build ing. IlRsiDENCE-Over J. E. Thomas' Drug Store. Q.ELO F. SURVEYOR OF Clatsop County, and City or Astoria Office :-Chenamu3 street, Y. M. C. A. hall Room No. 8. jp P. IIIOXS, PENTIST, ASTORIA, - - - OREGON Roonuj In Allen's buildlnp up stairs, comer f Cass aud Sqemocqhe stret . J l.ABO'LBY, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Chenamus trecr, - - ASTORIA, OREGON J J.JOXES, STAIR BUIIBEK, Ship and Steamboat Joiner, jytt. J. K. LaFORCE, IFJVTIST, Room II. Odd Fellows Building, ABtorin. Or. Gas administered for painless extraction of teeth. Q J. CUltTIS, ATTT AT LAW. Notary Public, Commissioner of Deeds for California, New York and "Washington Ter ritory. Rooms 3 and 4. Odd Fellows Building, As toria. Orecon. N.H.-Claims at "Washington. D. C, and collections a specialty. GEO. P. YTII E E LE K. VT. L. ISOBB. WHEELER & ROBB. GENERAL REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE, AND COLLECTION AGENTS. Real Estate bought and sold on Commis sion. Accounts adjusted and Bills collected. Correspondence from abroad solicited. JSy-Offlce in Hume's new building, on Sque moqua street, next door to Foard & Stokes. GEHERAL STEAMSHIP AGENCY. Bills of Exchange pn any Part oi Europe. I AM AGENT FOR TIE FOLLOWING A well known and commodious steamship ines, STATE LINE, JtED STAR, WHITE STAR, HAMBURG-AMER ICAN, DOMINION LINE, NATIONAL, and AMERICAN LINE. Prepaid tickets to or from any European port. For full Information as to rates of fare, sailing days, etc, apply to I. "W. CA SE. EOZORTH & JOHNS. Real Estate and General Insurance Agents. ASTORIA, Oregon. WE WRITE POLICIES IN THE "WEST ern. State Investment, Hamburg, Bre men and North German Fire Insurance Com panies, and represent the Travelleis Life and Accident of Hartford, and the New York Life, of N. Y. We have tho only complete set of township maps in the county, andliave made arrange ments to receive applications, filings, and final proofs on Homesteads, Preemptions, Timber Lands, etc.. having all the official blanks therefor. Our maps can be exam ined in the office, upon the payment ofu rtOAmiahlc fee. "We also have for sale city property in As toria and additions, and farms and tide land property. Rents, and other collections made, and loans negotiated. BOZORTH& JOHNS, PLUMBING, Gas and Steam Fitting DONE BY RUDDOCK & "WHEELER. AT fair rates. Also a complete stock of goods In our line. Estimates given and work guaranteed. Cass street. In rear of I O O F building, next to Gas Co's office.