Vol. xix.
Astoria, Oregon, Saturday Morning, July 21. 1883.
No. 96.
TREES. 'LOGS AND LUMBER.
Timber Cutting in the Great Mills
of the Saginaw Valley
' i
For sixteen miles down to Bay
City, near Lake Huron, the stream
flows between wooden strands.
The eye strains itself in vain to
see beyond the lumber horizon
that stretches east and west. The
yellow waters, perhaps two hun-!
dred feet wide, pass., first between
continuous booms, each inclosing j
its army of giant logs. These
booms reach far above Saginaw,
and if we include the tributaries
of the river and count both sides,
make up a reach of log posts seventy-five
.miles long. Next to the
logs and on the bank proper rise,
most impressive of all, the tracts
of sawn lumber. Pile on pile they
rise on either side for sixteen
miles up and down the stream,
covering acre after acre, until the
wooden monotony becomes op
pressive. Now and then the
wooden strand becomes thinner,
only to rise again to more impos
ing hight and width around a new
cluster of mills. These mills, of
ten of grand proportions, spring
from their lumber heaps as a giant
of fairy story looms amid the dis
integrated bones of his victims.
Their tall chimnevs belch black
smoke, the rattling saws cut the
air with their distant rasp, and the
sense of industrial activeness is
filled out by the hives of workmen
swarming over the lumber hill
and loading them, by slow but
steady toil, into barges whose
hulls rival the capacity of a C un
order. Along this stretch of sixteen
miles of the Saginaw river there
are cut annually 1,000,000,000
feet of lumber, and last year the
figures went 50,000,000 higher
than that amount. Since to most
readers these figures are a vague
immensity of numbers, let us try
to simplify them by an illustra
tion. A foot of lumber, the unit
of board measure, means a board
one foot square and one inch
thick; so that, for example, a plank
two inches thick, one foot wide,
and ten feet long would contain
twenty lumber feet. Now apply
the measure to the figures of the
annual Saginaw lumber product
as cited above. "We shall find
that the Saginaw mills turn out
each year so much lumber, large
and small, that if it were all cut
in inch-thick boards, each of them
one foot wide, and then these
boards were placed end to end,
they would reach about 200,000
miles, or four times around our
planet. The-product, to put the
illustration a little differently,
"would supply lumber enough for
a fence four times around the
world, made of solid wooden posts
and with a double row of boards
each six inches wide. More
roughly I estimate that the yearly
Saginaw lumber product in logs
floating closely together would
cover a water area of considera
bly more than four square miles.
Up the Saginaw in a wide re
gion, reached either by the river
or its tributaries the . great pine
saw-log often three feet in diame
ter, has its birth. Pine iorestsj
now rapidly thinning out, once
covered several thousand square
miles around the headwaters. En
tering that lumber region in the
late autumn, the lumbermen es
tablish camps, 'round 'which during
the whole winter long axes re
sound, the tall trunks fall, and in
sections are rolled to the adjacent
streams for the spring Hoods to
bear away. Floating down to the
main river, the "boom men" pick
out each owner's logs as identified
by the brand, and gather them in
side the booms, which may be
curtly described as long tree
trunks chained together at the
ends, often inclosing a smooth
water surface of several acres.
The coves of the Saginaw called
locally "bayous," a term borrowed
from the Lower Mississippi are
especially adapted for the gather
ing and organization of these log
armies. The military metaphor,
indeed, has peculiar fitness here,
forHhe logs -are mustered side by
side in companies, held together
by a rope fastened to each log by
a device not unlike the domestic
clothespin. A these logs down
stream are worked up by the tire
less mills, these upper booms are
drawn upon for more, until the
freezing river finds them quite
empty, and another winter comes
on to yield its fresh supply.
But the saw-log's story becomes
most dramatic as it nears the mill
and, loosed from the restraining
rope is steered into the glad of
open water that leads up to the
wooden slide. Enter now the
great lumber mill, and we shall be
at the saw-log's death. Down the
side of a wooden railroad runs a
heavy truck, fitted with two cross
lines of heavy iron teeth. With a
plunge it dashes below the water,
still holding its place on the rails.
Then three giant logs are iloated
above it. At a signal, the steam
is let on, the machinery reversed,
the strong chain holding the truck
tightens, and the truck itself
begins to ascend. The sharp teeth
catch tiie logs, which, in a trice,
are lifted dripping from the water,
whisked up like twigs 100 feet to
the mill, and rolled ofi" opposite
the first set of saws. These saws
are two in number; one set below
is of the buzz variety, perhaps six
feet in diameter, and cutting,
therefore, through, a three-foot
log; but as this semi-diameter is
often insullicicnt for a big log, a
second and smaller "buzz" placed
above and in front of the first,
cuts the slice, which otherwise
might still hold fast the slab. One
of the largest logs weighs a num-
o o rs
ber of tons, and human strength
alone would never suffice to turn
it after one of its sides has been
"slabbed."
Just here comes in a beautiful
piece of powerful mechanism.- At
the touch of a lever a stout beam
armed with iron teeth, rises by ths
forest Titan's side. It snatches
the wood, and in less time than
words can tell it the log is tumbled
oyer, and the framework, rushing
back and forth "with amazing
speed, has driven the edges of the ;
tree athwart the saw, until the j
once rough stick stands forth a
symmetrical square. Then, in an
other instant it is shifted before
the "gang,' a set of ordinary up
right saws set an inch apart, and
often with thirty or vcn thirty- j
five blades. Below an ordinary j
circular planer revolves in front of j
the gang and smoothes the lower
edges of the boards. The im-J
mense piece of timber is run j
through in a few minutes, and .
what was, five minutes before aj
rniiorVi trnfi trunk Inis nassorl intn ,
the inch boards of commerce. Nor !
does the work end here; for the J
diVis irf niQQfvl in m now maoli"nf .
SiaDa are passeci to .i new inacmne,
t- i . t i . I
wnicu grasps mem wmi almost ;
linmnn intillirrAiiPf md whifpvnr
uuman intelligence, ana w naai or
part of them can be made so be
come .laths. Other machines
take the harder woods, ash, elm or
oak and convert them with equal !
speed into staves, barrel heads or '
shingles; and finally the otherwise ;
useless debris passes to the fires
of the engines. There is seen
little or no sawdust around the
Saginaw lumber mills for the J
reason that it is all used for the
furnace flames; and, in general ,
the cycle of utilities by which one
branch of the great industry is
made to feed or supplement an
other seems as rounded as human
ingenuity can make it.
Sometimes, particularly in the
more modern mills, ,the routine as
,1 :i i i i .i
utunueu is vaneu uy innng uie ,
logs from the river on an endless
chain; atul a number of minor
mechanisms fill out the devices by
which the lumber is cut and dis
tributed. One ingenious machine,
working- double emery wheels.
sharpens the buzz -saws on both
sides of the teeth during a single
revolution , and requires no attcn-'
tion beyond simply unfastening
after the work is done. Another
flattens out, by a clever mechanic -
al Gxnedient. the teeth of the saw,
so as to cut a wider rent and pre
vent clogging as the cut becomes
deeper; finally a system of elevated
railroads takes the lumber-laden
trucks and distributes the boards
-i
at the points in the yard or on the
wharf whence they are to be
shipped. Some additional con
ception of the size and importance
of the industry may be derived
from the fact that the Michigan
Central railroad company takes
away from one station them 100
car-loads of lumber for each day
of the working season, to say
nothing o! the large quantities
shipped from the river by ihn
Flint & Pen Marquette railroad
lino, ami even the large shipments
bv the lake barges.
Disaoosarance of a Lake.
lied Fish Lake, above Sawtooth
Citv, on the summit of the Saw-'
tooth range of mountains, in the
Wood River region, Idaho, has
dropped through the bottom. The
lake hal an area of several miles
and was many fathoms in depth.
It was on the summit of one ol
the peaks of the range, some 11,
000 feet elevation above the sea,
and surrounded by heavy timber,
which rendered it :i delightful
place of resort in summer for
camping, fishing and boating par
ties. The lake has been there
since the white man has known
the country, but lately the day
of the occurrence is not known
the bottom fell out. The country
formation is granite and limestone, s
and an immense fissure has opened,
whether caused by separation or
settling of the earth's surface or
from volcanic action, is not known.
At present the bed of the lake is
dry, and presents the appearance
of a deep gorge or valley on the
summit of the mountains. This
lake has always contained millions
of red fish, and been a favorite re
sort for bear, deer and othergame.
ixn r,i. . : i.
v, uuiu tut, tu . a niuu.i,they accoinpHshed after tley i
a mystery as wnere ine water
went. IlaiU-y Tiuus.
ri t.r,-.rtuv v
Absolutely Pure.
ThI ,HWi,cr Iie.,.r vark,s A Ili:irv,.,
I'Uiity.strnj.1h and wlnlesomenr-ss. More
..commiieal than the ordinary kinds, and
r.-nmnl lo tuilil in poiimi-tilinn Trilli tlu lnul-
tllMi: ot IiMV ,t "sWfi wcighiraiura or!
pnospiiaie powders, bnhlonlilin emu, Jtov
AU BAKIVji i0wdkk Co.. ioc Wallet, x. Y
8T03IACH 0$
Xo 5bonld bolo?t if tho stomach, liver
TS-fS St,
of tho organs named beget others far mora
serious, and delay is therefore hazardous.
Dyspepsia, Hrer complaint chills and lever,
early rbcamntic twinges, kidney woakness,
bring serious bodily trouble if trifled with.
Lo.e no time In using this ofTectivo and safe
medicine.
For sale by all Drugclrts and Dealers
generally.
j THE HOME SCHOOL
! ron
"X'Q.TjnSrGo XUw&XXXXSSL
I 1825 Telegraph Avenue, Oakland, Cat.
i OrcantzeTln lsri
1 .j,'5!vty,1'ear wUl eB,n 0,1 'edttcsday
' ' ' ' Mipsl. A. FIELD, Principal
Changed Hands.
rilHE BAKERY ON CIIKNAMUSSTKEET,
JL fotmerly owned by Cha. Carow. has
ueeu uuunt uy unas liberie, who will hcrc-
aiia cuuuuci 11.
Good. Bread a Specialty.
The public trade solicited.
lufrir
1ST
unSTETTr
P CELEBRATED
PrufiWiraV
RHEUMATISM.
Neuralgia, Sciatica, Lumbago,
Backache, Soreness of the Chest,
Gout, Quinsy, Sore Throat, Swell
ings and Sprains, Burns and
Scalds, General Bodily
Pains,
Tooth, Ear and Headache, Frosted
Feet and Ears, and all otnar ?
Pains and Aches. '
No Prrriration on earth equals St. Jacobs Oil I
as a safe, sure, simple and cheap External I
Beaapdy. A trial entails but the ccpiratlTely !
trifling outHr of 60 Cent, and erery ane inner- I
lag with pain can bavo cheap and positive proof j
ct IU claims. . I
Directions In Keren' Languages. !
BOLD BY ALLDEUGGIST3 A!iDDEALEE3 j
III HEDI0IN2. 1
A. VOGELEK, & CO.,
Ualtltnorc, -ITcf., IT. S. A.
The annual revolution is now
coins' on in the free and inde
pendent island of Ilayti, but com
paratively few people know any
thing about it or its cause or its
probable consequences. So far as
the world at large is concerned,
IT
" J I
revolutions, for the most searching;
scruliriy can never determine 1
what they are about, or i'"t
jare ended.
A LETTER FROM GERMANY.
1 KX.JummryU, ISS2.
Very oMeemoi! .Mrs;
The praise your Liver Pills have called
forth here is wonderful. After taking one
and a half boxes of your genuine Die. C.
MclJlXK'S X.IVKU 111. LS, I haw en
tirely recovered from niyfouryenis' Miller
inj. AH who loow me wonder how I,
who. for .so many years, had 110 apatite,
and could not sleep for Hackache. MiMi
in my side, and general Momach -om-plaints,
could have recovered.
An old ladylu our city, who has i.t'.'eivd
for many years from Kidney distw and
the doctors had given her up, took tw o of
your Pills, and pot more reher Hum he
has from all the doctors. Ynurv nii.
J. VOX UKU IJI HU.
BEWARE OF frVflTATlO&S.
The genuine arc never sugar-coated.
Kvery box has a red wax seal on the lid.
with the impression : 31 clone's i.iwr
Pill.
The genuine McLAN'KS l.XYKK
PILLS )car the signature of C 5b !-nic
aim liciiiuiKiiriK. ou me wrapin-is.
Insist upon having thcgcnuliie Hit. C.
:jfLA'K'.s iavek pills, preiarei by
tk-miug Hns.. of l'itlsbiip-li. Pa,
market being full of imitations f hi
name McLane,selled din'erentlv, be.! of
same pronunciation.
If your storekeeper does not lmve the
genuine 1K. C IeLA"KS ri:i.l-:.
imVTKD LIVUK PILLS, send us 23
cents, and we will send you a box bv mail,
aud a set of our advertising canK "
FLOIIXn BROS., Piltslinrish. I':i;
A.M. Johnson &Co.
DEALERS IN
ri
A FULL LINE OF
Artists' Materials.
WEI. EDGAR,
Dealer in
Cigars, Tobacco and Cigarettes
Meerschaum and Brier Pipes,
GENUINE ENGLISH CUTLERY
Revolvers and Cartrldgos.
HANSEN BROS.
SASH AND DOOR FACTORY,
AND PLANING- MILL.
A fullstoek of home manufactured good-
constantly on hand.
Special Attention given to Orders.
All work guaranteed. Yonr patronage so
licited. ASTOIUA. --- - Oregon.
Croup, Whooping Couph and Bron
chitis Immediately relieved by Saitoh's
Cure. Sold by W. E. Dement. .
t mm.
HOTELS AND KESTATTRaOTS.
PARKER HOUSE,
A. ASSKI.L. Manager.
AHToKIA, - - - OREGON.
i FIRST CLASS HOTEL.
J I. V.ODIilCN IMPROVEMENTS.
HOT AXli COI.T BATHS.
Good Billiard Table, and First Clas3 Sa-
tcon stacked with Fine Liquors.
' cr FI5KE COACH TO THE HOUSE.-S
"IT IS A FACT
-TIHT
.JEFF'S CHOP HOUSE
ON
Concomly Street is the Best in
Town.
-THAT
j Hr luts Aluajs on Hand lTRESH
Shoal Water liny aud East
ern Oyster.
j THAT
!" JEFF" IS THE BOSS CATERER.
j TnAT
j He hat Iipcii Proprietor or Hie "Aurora
S lintel" Iu Knnpiiton KCTen years.
OPEN DAY AND NIGHT.
-
DnQPflFQ FIRQT PI AQQ
II U O O U L. O I I l O I ULMOO
Oyster Saloon,
C II KN AMI'S STREET, ASTORIA.
mi!E UNDERSIGNED IS PLEASED TO
A announce to the public that he has op
ened a
FIRST
CLASS
TTouse,
Ami furnishes in first-class stylo
OYSTEKS, HOT COFFEE .TEA,
ETC
AT TIIE
Ladies' and Gent's Oyster Saloon,
CHEN AMI'S STREET.
Flease'ctve me a call.
KOSCOE DIXON, Proprietor
COSMOPOLITAN
chop House and Restaurant.
OPEN DAY AND NIGHT.
3Ieals ."J ccatM ami upwards.
Ij. WIIiKKOX A' H. BOULAKD,
Proprietor.
3IAI.V STKEET. ASTORIA.
PIONEER RESTAURANT
AND
LODGING HOUSE.
Retltted throughout ; tlielTable supplied
with the lMt : the beds clean and comfort
able.
A Firsl rrlnss House.
Board by the week,
-Meals to order.
S5.00
.1. ., ROSS, Proprietor.
SEYILLB & CO.
Pacific Net and Twine Co.
Sax I'KANCisro, April Ilth, 1883.
DkarSiks;
For st'iieral convenience,
we have sent a supply of IVo. 30, 12-
ply ieiuiine Scoteli Salmon Net
t,.i... iti,ft,..ii-..r 1 r imivunv
T me, to the care of A.L JOIlbO
kt CO Astoria, which will he sold at
low enough lii;itres to make it an object
for all net menders to use it for repairs,
in plaee of tlip more costlj Xo. 40, 12
Ply.
Fishermen who have heretofore used
this grade of twine for repairs, claim
that the durability of the patch is equal
to the balance of the net, after the latter
has had a few weeks use. We think It
will he money in your pocket to try It
For prices and samples apply to
A. M. .JOHNSON &CO.,
Astoria
Neville & f!o. Sole Agonts, I. t?.,-!
SI ami .ti California St. san 1 rancl3eo-
Barbom''s
No. 40 I2-Ply
SALMON TWINE
iiORK M LEAD LINES
SEINE TWINES.
A Full Stock Now on Hand.
HENRY DOYLE ,& CO.,
5il ."Uurket Street, Han FrauciHeo.
Sole Asents for the Pacific Coast.
Hardware ai Slij Clanilery.
A. VAN DUSEN & CO.,
rtE.Yf.ERS IX '
Hardware and Ship Chandlery,
Pure Oil, Bright Varnish,
Binnacle Oil, Cotton Canvas,
Hemp Sail Twine,
Cotton Sail Twine;
Lard Oil,
Wrought Iron Spikes,
Galvanized Cut Nails. .
Agricultural Implements
Sewing Machines,
PaLntS anil Oils Groceries, etc
WILLIAM HOTOXS
-DEALER
Doors, Windows, Blinds, Transoms, Lumber.
All kinds of
r 1 rr t TTvm on 7-L.-
' 5
glass,
Boat Material, Etc.
" """'i
Boats of all Kinds Made to Order.
EOrders from a distance promptly attended
S. AENDT &.FERCHEN,
ASTORIA. - OREGON.
The Pioneer Machine Shop
BLACKSMITH
SHOP
AND
Boiler Shop
All kinds of
ENGINE, CANNERY,
AND
STEAMBOAT WORK
Promptly attended to.
A specialty made of repairing
CANNERY DIES,
FOOT OF LAFAYETTE STREET.
ASTORIA IRON WORKS.
Bentox Stkeet, Nkak Parker House,
ASTORIA. - OREGON.
GENERAL MACHINISTS AND
BOILER MAKERS.
LAP aii MARIE EHG1ES
Boiler Work, Steamboat Work
and Cannery Work a spe
cialty. Of all Descriptions made to Order
at Short Notice.
A. D. W'ass, Presedent.
J. G. Hustler, Secretary,
I. V. Case, Treasurer.
Joux Fox.Superintendent.
A. V. Allen,
(SUCCESSOR TO PAGE & ALLEN.)
Wholesale and retail dealer- in
Glass and Plated Ware,
TROPICAL AND DOMESTIC
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.
Together with
Wines, LiqiiorsJobacco.Cigars
LOEB & CO.,
JOBBERS IN
WNES.
LIQUORS,
AND
CIGARS.
AGENTS FOR TIIE
Bsst San Francisco Houses and
Eastern Distilleries.
Tumblers Decanters, and All
Kinds of Saloon Supplies.
J3?"A11 soods sold at San Francisco Prices.
MAIN STREET,
Opposite Parker Housa, Astoria, Oregon,
NOTICE
TO THE PUBLIC.
ilia.
Will Transact their Business at the
MAIN STREET WHARF,
Which has-been Leased,
Until Further Notice-
.E. A. N.0YES, Agent..
Tie
a i-t n rTnrrt
iX
AND
Bracket Wpx,k
A SPECIALTY.
to, and satisfaction guaranteed In allcasea
BUSINESS CARDS. .
q w. miroar,
ATTORNEY AT LA.
Ruoms 5 and c. Odd Fellows Balldlay.
jg C. HOliDEM,
NOTARY PUBLIC,
AUCTIONEER, COMMISSION AN1) tli
SURANCE AGENT.
JAY TCTTIiE. 31. D.
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON
Office Rooms 1, 2, and 3, Pythlaa Bind
ing. Residkxck Over J. E. TneraaV Drug
Store.
QJELO F. PARKER,
SURVEYOR OF
Clatsop County, and City ef Asteria
Ofdce :-Chenamus street, Y. M. C. A. hall
Room No. 8.
p I'.IIICXS,
PENTIBT,
ASTORIA, ----- OREGON
Rooms in Allen's buildln? ud stain, corner
ofCassaudSqemocqbestret .
J Q.A.BOWLBY,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Chenamu33 treet, - - ASTORIA, OREGON
J J. JONES,
STAIK BUILDER,
Ship and Steamboat Jofisr,
JTK. J. E. LaFORCE,
DENTIST,
Room 11, Odd Fellows Building, Astoria, O.
Gas administered tor painless extraction
of teeth.
GENERAL STEAMSHIP ACEHCY.
Bills of Exchange on any
Part oi Europe.
1AM AGENT FOR TIE FOLLOWING
well known aud commodious stexmiiilp
ines,
STATE LINE, RED STAR, .
WHITE STAR.
HAMBURG-AMERICAN,
DOMINION LINE,
NATIONAL, and AMERICAN LINE.
Prepaid tickets toot from any European
port.
For full Information as to rates of fare,
sailing days, etc, apply to
I. W.CASS.
JBOZOKTH & JOHNS.
Real Estate and General Insurant
Agents.
ASTORIA, - - - Oregon.
WE WRITE POLICIES IN THE W.EST
em. State Investment, Hamburg, .Bre
men and North German Fire Insurance Com
panies, and represent the Travellers' Ltfa
and Accident of Hartford; and the- "New
York Life, of N. Y.
We have tho only complete set of township
maps in the countyuid nave made arrange
ments to receive applications, filings, and
final proofs on Homesteads, Preemptloas.
Timber Lands, etc., having all the official
blanks therefor. Our maps can he exam
ined In the ofllce, upon" the payment "o a
rragmiahle fee.
We also have for sale city property In As
toria and additions, and farms and tide land
property.
Rents, and other collections made, aud
loans negotiated. 0
BOZORTH & JOHNS,
&RAM CLEARANCE SALE!
to make room for more
Hardware ail Slip CWlefj
A. VAN DUSEN & CO.
Will sell at cost their entire stock of
HATS AND GAPS!
BOOTS AND SHOES.
These goods must be disposed of as we axa
soou to receive another large lot of
Hardware and Ship- Chandlery
And must haTe room to store It.
THE LATEST STYLES
WALL 'PAPER
AT
B. B. FRANKLIN'S,
NEXT DOOR TO ASTORIAN OFFICE.
A very large Stock Irora which to select.
Window curtains made to order.
-My patent Trimmer to cat Wall Ppr
will us lound convenient to ray patrons.