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ASTORIA. OREGON:
I. C. BREI,A3T..
.Editor,
TUESDAY Apkii. 8.
1879 ,
1
Tlie Jlurbor of Refuse.
" Shipowner," in the Oregonian
o the 5th instant, makes such a
careless review of the reports and
arguments concerning the harbor
of refuge on this coast as to lead
io false impressions,
concerning
Port Oribrd and the Columbia
river.
The 1S7G report, made by "five
of the ablest engineers of the Uni
ted States," was addressed io Gen
eral Humphreys, on the 14th clay
of February, 1877, and was made
pursuant to a resolution of the
House of Representatives, u asking
for an examination of the harbors
of Mendocino, Humboldt bay,
Trinidad and Crescent City, in
the Slate of California, with a
view of establishing a breakwater
and harbor of refuge, with esti
mate of probable cost."
Thus it is seen that they were
;iot called upon to examine, esti
mate and report upon the Colum
bia river. They, however, did ex
amine all the "open sea harbors
between San Francisco and the
straits of Fuca, so far as we are in
ibrmed," but did not include the
Columbia river in this estimate.
Neither did they, as " Shipowner"
intimates, recommend PortOrford,
but, on the contrary, recommended
Trinidad harbor in this language :
"The Board was favorably im
pressed with the advantages of
Trinidad for a harbor of refuge ;
and as it is called upon to desig
nate the point which should, in its
judgment, be selected for such
harbor between San Francisco
and Puget-souud, the board with
"the information now before it"
gives the preference to Trinidad
harbor" Estimated cost 7,094,
4300. The board objects to Port Orford
for the reason that the depth o water
is too great on the proper line of
.breakwater, and that there is a
.great group of rock islets and
sunken rocks, rendering the ap
proach from the north somewhat
dangerous. Estimated cost S10s
507,343. The board does, however, inci
dentally speak of the Columbia
river, but from which no such in
ference can be drawn, as is im
plied in the article by Shipowner.
It says: "While there are many
open anchorages scattered along
the coast between these two
places (San Francisco and the
iStraits of Fuca) which appeared
reasonably good protection for
vessels against the prevailing
north-west winds and seas of sum
mer, there are none for this entire
distance that vessels can enter in
heavy southerly weather, when the
wind is south, southeast or south
west, as it frequently is in the
winter season. It is true that
vessels can generally cross the
"bar at the Columbia river and seek
shelter at secure ancliorages in
the river, but this is not always the
case."
"In heavy southerly weather,
when a harbor of refuge is most
wanted, vessels dare not apjr:ach
the bar of this river. It cannot
therefore be considered a secure
jiarbor of refuge.1'
"A good harbor of refuge ought
-of course to provide secure anchor
.age for vessels against all winds
.from whatever direction; but what
:s more particularly needed on this
coast is protection against heavy
southerly storms."
If the mouth of the Columbia
.river was at all times accessible as a
harbor of refuge, there would be
jio need of a breakwater or other
improvement, but it is 'because it
is not, that .we advocate the im
provement here.
-
Tks language of the board im
plies that the anchorage is good
and the shelter secure, but that
sometimes, i. e., in " heavy south
erly weather," in cannot be entered.
Of all the other ports, it is said
artificial protection against these
storms is necessary and because
the Columbia river is not an ex
ception to the rule, we ask that
the improvement be made here.
Colonel Wilson, in 1S7S, says
Port Orford is not protected from
gales from the south, southeast and
southwest.
So much as to the engineers
having considered it " preposter
ous" to build at the Columbia
river.
And if Colonel Wilson recom
mended Port Orford, and the
j Board of Engineers, consisting of
five eminent men, Trinidad harbor,
and Kobert Habersham Cape Foul
weather, which are we to support
if we have no independence, or
ideas of our own ?
The following facts are set forth
in the memorial of the Astoria
,' Chamber of Commerce to the
Board of Engineers for the Pacific
coast :
Cham be n of Commkkck Rooms, 1.
Axloriu. Oregon, March 24. 1S7A. f
Sirs: Congress having made an
appropriation for the construction
of a Ilarbor of Refuge on the Pa
cific Coast, and having left the se
lection of its location to your wis
dom and judgment;
The Astoria Chamber of Com
merce desire to call your attention
to the mouth of the Columbia riv
er, and respectfully ask you to
consider the following reasons for
making it the Harbor of Refuge
for the north Pacific Ceast:
We assume that it is admitted
that the Harbor, inside the Bar. is
of sufficient depth, area, and se
curity, for any and all vessels float
ing upon the Pacific ocean.
As a natural harbor however, it
lacks depth of water on the bar
at low tide, and m times of storm,
the entrance being made rough
sometimes by southerly winds.
By narrowing the entrance,
which is now about five miles wide
the immense volume of water
which flows into the ocean would
sweep away the bar and make a
deep entrance.
The north side is a bold, abrupt
shore, promontory of rock, while
the south is a long, sloping sand
beach, extending northerly from
Point Adams, and terminating in
Clatsop spit. By carrying a wall
of stone, or dyke of brush and
stone, (there are no teredo here to
destroy the brush), from Point
Adams to Clatsop spit, or beyond,
the entrance would be sufficiently
narrowed, and the southerly swells
would be broken and shut out,
making, in the opinion of the mem
bers of the Chamber, a deep, and
at all times a smooth entrance,
without break.
The necessities of Commerce
seem to designate this place as the
proper center for a harbor. The
greater part of the shipping which
would-be benefited bT a Harbor of
Refuge on the Pacific coast, will
be that bound to and past the
mouth of the Columbia river.
While those vessels that are
bound past the mouth of the Co
lumbia river would be benefited as
much by a Ilarbor here as else
where on the coast, those vessels
particularly which are coming to
the mouth of the Columbia river
would be benefited by the Harbor
at no other point.
All vessels bound to the Colum
bia river, whether from across the
ocean, or from the coast north or
south, are liable to be caught in
storms in this vicinity.
With the development of the
coal and other resources of Puget
Sound, the present large commerce
between San Francisco and that
place will become great.
The vast territory of Alaska al
so promises to furnish business for
many ships from ban Jbrancisco,
all of -vrhich must cross the latitude
of the Columbia river near tlie
coast.
The shipping direct to the Co
lumbia is now largely in excess of
that to all the ports between it
and San Francisco together, and
always will be. As to its present
magnitude we cite the the report
of the Pilot Commissioners to the
Oregon legislative assembly, 178,
herewith inclosed.
Its future growth is predicated
upon the vast area and resources
of the Willamette and Columbia
river valleys which will support a ,
trade at the mouth of the Colum-
bia some day but little less than
that which shall pass through the
Golden Gate.
But a small amount of the ship
ping between San Francisco and j
ports other than tnose on rue coast
north, would be benefited by a
Refuge Harbor any where north of
San Francisco .
The storms in which the vessels
will be most likely to need a Har
bor of Refuge are by far more fre
quent and violent on the coast of
Oregon and Washington Terri
tory, than on the California aud
Southern Coast. We refer to the
reports of the Signal Service de
partment.
In summing up the total num
ber of centers of low barometer,
which nearly always pass across
the American continent in an
easterly direction, we find : Out of
thirty-four storms, recorded up to
November 1S7S, whose origin was
traced to the Pacific Coast of the
United States, only 11 crossed the
California Coast while all the
others first appeared upon the
Coasts of Washington Territory
and Oregon.
With the exception of Cape
Fouhveather all the places south
of the Columbia which have been
examined will require very large
amounts of money and many years
of time to complete; until com
pleted the most of them would
be of no value. With the exception
of one or two ports, the improve
ment when completed will be of
no value except as a place of
refuge to be sought in distress or
to escape danger.
Any expenditure, even the pres
ent appropriation alone, at the
entrance of the Columbia, will
improve the navigability of the
channel and lessen the danger of
vessels sailing to that place.
Should the work be completed
the Harbor would not be that
of refuge simply but of Com
merce; not only a place of succor,
but of trade for vessels to the Co
lumbia river, whose safety would
be greatly enhanced. But of the
future action of Congress to com
plete this work we are not insured,.
particularly "& will cost millions
of dollars, and require twenty
years of time to complete, and be
of no benefit except as a shelter.
Another argument in favor of
the improvement at the Columbia
is the protection and preservation
of the military works at Point
Adams. The fort now being in
danger of being washed away by
the erosion of the bank.
As the next best place we would
suggest Cape Foulweather. It ic
near the latitude of the Columbia
river, and the estimated cost of
improving it is less than any other
points south.
J. Q. A. Bowlby, President.
Aug. C. Kinney. Secretary.
A magnificent stock of jewelry
at Adler's.
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.
K.UST ! '
ONE GOLD CUFF PIN. Ametlivst set
ting. The finder will be liberally re
warded by leaving the same at
THIS OFFICE
FIXE TIMBER 3LAA'I FOR SAIiE
AT GOVERNMENT PRICES,
PERFECT TITLE.
Tho .homestead claim of Ilavden Gearhart
on Lewis and Clark's river, containing
xo -a.o:es.:e;s.i
GO Arret of which is creek bottom in
one body balance good up land.
Inquire of R. It. SPEDDEN.
For Charter to. any Point ou the
Uay or River.
The At fast Steam Yacht,
3IAGXKT.
(5Ji tons register.)
FRED S. MUNSON Master.
Is now fitted in the very best stvle, aud
can be
Chartered for Business or Pleasure
At Reasonable rates.
This Is the only perfectly furnished steam
yacht on the bay, and complete satisfaction
Is guaranteed to persons emploving her.
fcrFor charter, or busmess'of any kind
apply on board or to
A. J. MEG LER. Agent,
Occident Hotel. Astoria.
It is no Use of Talking
J. K. "WIRT'S is the cheapest place to buy
FRUITS OR VEGET ARISES.
As lie has direct from San Francisco bv even
steamer, all kinds of vegetables, such
as is in the market.
Apples. Peas. Celery, Canlifower,
Asparagus. ParnnipH, Rcets, Car
rots, Potatoes, Oranges,
Aud from Clatsop every day
EGGS. BUTTER, CHEESE. AND HONEY.
Also : keep the best of
CIGAKS. TOBACCOS, AND LIQUORS.
Call and examine before purchasing else
where. J. K. WIRT. I
XBS
Q74j
-1U '
SPRING
HAS
The best selected stock eer before carried in tins citv.
DRY GOODS, CLQTKIKC, BOOTS AND SHOES, HATS, CAPS.
CROCKERY, GLASS WARE, CARPETS, USATTESiGS,
A FlLL LINE IN EACH DEPARTMENT.
We call especial atttention to our extra large invoice of
PRICES WAY DOWN.
WE SELL ONLY FOR CAfll, NO CREDIT. NO Ilnl'SE SHALL UNDERSELL ME.
MAIN STREET. ---------- ASTORIA, OREGON.
Sole Ajrt'isr for the Xew American Sewing: machine.
(Stt&A
era u: a 1 -j, j rk -r
M nUtt&l
S?!3e
SOMETHING ENTIRELY NEW.
RECEIVED DIRECT FROM THE EAST PER STEAMER OREGON A
BEAUTIFUL AND VARIED LOT, SOME CONTAINING
KICELY COLOEED PANORAMIC VIEWS.
OTHERS ORNAMENTED WITH
GUPIBS, VARIOUS DEVICES Alse: BRIDES AWD GROOIilS;
GODDESS OF LIBERTY; CUPIDS AND WREATHS,
Anil other large, liuiukome and newest style rake ornaments. Also : Nice fresh can
dies, cakes, and all kinds of eonfecp'onerv
OYSTERS IN EVERY STYLE,
AT
sqhm:k.srts.
OPPOSITE
THE
HwTOS&Treare B iTSf J1PW TISSS
T
kt,j .
AT THE
Old Stand, Near the Walla Walla Restaurant.
-tiii:-
Saa 2Fs?ancis
IS NOW
OPEN AND READY TO SUPPLY FISHERMEN. AND
GENERALLY WITH
CXO.XK3;3$r&,. BOO.TS
Gent's Furnishing
sTTliis is the only place in the citj of Astoria uhere you can buy the Genuina
Carters Capa Ai Oil Skins, anil all Ms of Bute Boots.
S'Gooils will l)c sold at the very lowest market rates, but for CASH ONLY.
S. !AXZI(nKK, Proprietor.
BUSINESS CARDS.
I!. E. UKXNISOX. V. J. TAYLOR
DEN2SISOH" & TAYLOR,
ATTOSXEYS AT IiAlT.
Astoria, Oregon.
Office Up stairs in Parker's building,
corner Chenamus and Benton streets.
p W. FULTOX,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Office. rases new building, Squeinoqlie
street, Astoria. Oregon.
Dn.
J. TV. OLIVER,
II OXEOPATinST,
Office. Tn Shuster's Daguorrean build
ing. Entrance Second door above that of
the Daily Astoriax. Cass street.
Residence on Jefferson street, comer of
Main.
D
Ol'TOXl HATCH.
Successfully treats all Chronic Diseases.
AND DISEASES OF WOYIEN AND
CHILDREN.
Cancer cured by a new and painless method.
Ollice Chenamus street, comer of Main
street, Astoria.
R. J. O'BREEX.
CURES BILLIOUS AND INTERMITTENT
FEVERS
With from one to three doses of his harm
less medicine.
Also, Private diseases successfully treated.
Ofkick O'Brieirs hotel. Astoria. Oregon.
OTTO DVFiraiS,
WATCHMAKER AND JEWELER.
HAS KEMOVED TO
Main street, Parker's builduig,
ASTORIA, - - - - OREGON.
"31. BECK,
Manufacturer of
Boots and Shoes.
All kinds of repairing neatly and
promptly attended to
MAIN ST.. - ASTORIA. OREGON.
J. H. D. GRAY,
Wholesale and retail dealer in.
OYSTE11S? by the SACK,
Hay, Oats, Straw, Wood, Etc.
General storage and Wharfage ou reason
able terms.
OX JIOSS.
HOUSE AMD SIGN PAINTER.
Shop on Cass street, Astoria, Oregon.
c&r Paper hanging and Kalsoniimlng a
specialtv.
sAfl work guaranteed to give satisfac
tion. ires xEAss,
TEX ACHES OF TiAXlt
On Youngs lla v. cleared, will be suitable
for dairy, or a chicken ranch, or for garden
ing purposes. Within one mile ut the As
toria Post-ofiice by land.
also :
FIVE ACHES,
CtwamA with f-TurilrVl.- flmlioi ctlltfltllf TfT
tanners purposes. Leases will be -made for
a term of years as may be arranged.
ET-ApplytO J. H.D.GRAY,
Astoria, Oregon.
LJt2
g'JftS
emxoa
SEASON!
1879.
OPENED AT
irr .2 i. jren? a-m" s.
teAHVKH i
0f
BELL TOWER.
El -mam 1 hm ... -
t
MECHANICS
THE BEST QUALITY OF
Goods. Etc.
AUCTION SALES.
E.
C. HOLDEN,
Notary Public for the State of Oregon.
Real Estate Agent and Conveyancer.
Agent for the FIREMEN'S FUND INSUR
ANCE COMPANY" of San Francisco.
COMMISSION AGENT and AUCTIONEER.
Rents and Accounts Collected, anil re
turns promptly made.
Regular sales dny.
SATURDAYS at Ji P. 21.
N. F. Parties having real estate, furni
ture or any other goods to dispose of either
at auction or private sale should notify me
soon as convenient befor the dav of sale.
No storage charged on eoods sole at Auc
tion. E. C. HOIbN.
td Auctioneer.
Grand Auction Sale !
I am instructed to sell on
Thursday, April 10, 1879.
The entire
Costly ami Elejrant Fnrmture.
Of Mrs. E. Arrigoni, of the Arrigoni Ilotel.
This fnrnitnre wa made by the celebrated
Oregon Furniture Manufacturing Company
of Portland, and Is of the best material and
new. The furniture will be on exhibition at
the premises five days before the sale.
For particulars see large nosters.
P.. S. W'ORSLEY, Auctioneer.
MISCELLANEOUS.
WILLIAH EDGAR.
Corner Main and Chcnumu Streot5.
ASTORIA OREGON.
DKLKit IN
CIGARS AND TOBACCO,
AND THE GENUINE WOSTENHOLM
and other English Cntlory.
S TATIO CE.'r I
FAIRCHILD'S GOLD PENS
Genuine Iileersliaum Pipes, etc.
A fine stock of
TVatlie and .Twelry. Muzzle anS
Breech Ieadis: SIsot fiuns.
Revolvers. Pistols. Parlor ltiflcs.
and Ammunition.
Astoria Liquor Store,
AUG. DANIELSOX. Proprietor.
Water st. Roadway, - Astojma, Ousaov.
Importer and dealer in
WINES, LIQUORS,
FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC CIGARg.
Sole agent for the celebrated
STONEWALL WHISKEY.
GERMAN1A BEER KALL
AND
BOTTLE BEER DEPOT.
Chk.naiius Stkkkt. Astohia.
The public are invited to en it ana tears
their orders, hplomlirt Lager u cents a glaan.
re l,UMfl every aigui.
! M ii. BUCK Co., Proprietor
Ji- -