tfj
fftt Bails &$8vim.
ASTORIA. OREGON:
ft. C. IRLAXI Ertltor.
FRIDAY Fbkuaky 7, 1879
Laws on Usury.
Governor Cullom,o Illinois, rec
ommends to the legislature of that
slate reduce its legal rate of
interest. Governor Cullom is a
republican. The last democratic
state convention in Indiana, also.
tvo believe, adopted a resolution
favoring a modification of the laws
on the subject, demanding that the
rate be reduced to 6 per cent.
The argument in favor of usury
'laws is that legal provision is need
ed to prevent the unwary from get
ting fleeced by money sharks, or
those who are compelled to raise
money from paying an exhorbi-
tant price for its use. And if the
poor farmer, or mechanic in busi
ness for himself, or tradesmen -wore
enabled by such a law to negotiate
loans at a lower figure, the object
-vrould be attained. But what is
the fact in this respect? Dews a
law of this kind enable the bor
rower whose necessities are urgent
to obtain the necessanr cash at the
legal rates? If it does, what a
supremely silly course has been
taken by those who, during the
past ten .years have paid 12, 15,
and even 20 per cent, for money,
the legal rate meanwhile baring
been only ten per ccntJ Anyone
conversant with "these matters
must know llirtt the price for the
use oT money -is regulated wholly
independent of any legislative en
actments on the subject that it is
contingent entirely upon supply
and demand, like any other article
- of value which is sought for in the
market.
The legal rate of 'interest in this
state is 'ten 'per cent.; but borrow
ers who want large sums on long
time, and who have .first-class se
curity to offer, can obtain any de
sired amount for -eight per cent.,
and less, while ten and twelve per
" cent, is still charged by many
money-lenders on small amounts
loaned for short (periods. What
difference has our ten per cent, law
made in the premises? So long as
it was below what borrowers were
willing to -give fer the accommoda
tion of getting money to use, 12,
15 and 20 per cent, were not un
usual rates -that were paid. When
the proportion of lenders to the
number of borrowers became
greater the rate of interest fell
f ven below ten per cent. If ithe
legislature should
make
the legal
rate of interest .30 per cent., there
13 not a money lender who would
et a penny more for itbe -use of
his money than now; and if, on
the other hand, it sfccsuld utterly
forbid any rate or interest at all
io be charged, qt would n't relieve
the needs of the borrower a single
iota. The lender would simply re
fuse .to part with his money, and
tnkeit r send it to some market
-.'here laws of such restrictive char
acter did not exist.
.Nor would it be well for a com
munity if every money-lender in
it was e nabled to get only a cer
tain rbe for the use of his money,
.arid th.afc rae a lower one than he
oould otherwise realize. The only
result would be to drive that capi
tal to other and more lucrative
fields. If capital is driven away,
the locality losing it is iicprover
ished to exactly that extent and
especially is this a hardship on
the workingrcan, on every man
rho gets pay br Iris work or his
wares, ecfc of the wages fund.
''Withdraw capital, and the wap-es
iiind is-loHvered, and the laboring
-classes suffer; invite capital, and
the wages fund increases, and pros
perity becomes general. These
are axioms of political economy the
entire truth of which will be reeojr
nized by every thinking man.
But look at the matter in an
other light. Two men have each
one thousand dollars. One builds
a house for which he charges a
rental paying him 15 per cent, on
his investment. The other pre
fers to lend his property the same
one thousand dollars, only in silver
or gold instead of a spot of ground
and a pile of lumber, lath and
plaster but the law steps in and
forbids him to realize from his in
vestment but 10 per cent. Why
not frame a law that houses built
for tenement purposes shall be
rented, if at all, at a rate to pay
its proprietors only 10 per cent?
A man having one thousand dollars
buys one thousand bushels of
wheat at one dollar per bushel.
Both at the time of the purchase
are of the same intrinsic value.
What constitutes the grand differ
ence, whether the ownership is of
wheat or of silver or gold, called
dollars? Wheat goes up on the
purchaser's hands to one dollar
fifty per bushel. Why not pass a
law Uvdt if he sells that wheat at
all, it must be for such an advance
over one dollar per bushel as would
bring him at -the end of the year
only ten per cent, on his money?
In short wiry not pass a law that
no investments of money shall pay
the investor to exceed ten per cent,
per annum?
Usury laws are absurd for sev
eral reasons, as we have shown '
because they fail utterly in the ob
ject which they attempt to effect;
because they drive away capital
needed to constitute the wages
fund on which the laborer depends
for his maintenace, and because
they discriminate against a particu
lar class of property unjustly and
without "reason.
The Sorih Pole.
Capt. Thatcher of the ship Gari
baldi, at this pert, and other ship
masters with whom we have con
versed, are of the opinion stfhat the
correct way to the north pole will
be found through Behring-s strait.
We observe by recent eastern
papers, that Capt. A. B. Tuttle is
new in Washington asking the
government to aid in the project
f making an effort in that direc
tion. Capt. Tuttle is reported to
be a master nearly seventy years
of age, who has traversed the At
lantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic and
Antarctic oceans, and who has been
devoting himself for the last
twenty-eight years to the far north.
i He has his own whaling' ship in
1 J'
ipanesc waters, and -says if the
United States refuses him assis
tance Japan will not. He pro
nounces the Sy mines hole theory
foolish, and maintains that the
true way to the pole is through
Behrings strait. He says that he
has reached latitude 3Sdep;. and 15
sec, which is several decrees fur
ther than any other explorer has
been. The sea was comparatively
open, with very little ice except
in the form of ini-ircense iosbergs.
sailing through these, he found
much to feed his theory of a con
tinuously open sea to the north,
and beyond that a continent where
on dwell a race which has no
equal in point ef .stature and en
durance. He found words which
had evidently ben cut and carved,
and elephants1 and mastodons'
tusks, seven or eight feet long.
He has also discovered gold and
quartz, together with many other
evidences which were to him what
the floating wood was to Columbus.
Far to "the north of the land of, the
Esquimaux Jie came upon a new
1 race of men seven or eight eet
high, darkish in hue, witb Roman
noses, long black hair and whiskers,
amiable, virtuous and happy.
From them and their signs he
learned that four hundred miles
north of them was the country
from which they came; pleasant,
inhabited, easy to reach, the home
of large animals like the mastodon,
abounding in fish, game and gold.
Oregon School Lau.
The last assembly made some
changes in the school laws of Ore
gon. For the information of school
directors, district clerks, teachers,
and the public generally, we give
tne suostance oi tne canres as
follews:
Section eight as amended pro
vides that the state superintendent
shall hold a state teachers' associa
tion when and where he chooses.
Section ten provides that the
state superintendent shall issue a
lisfc of studies and text books and
the wholesale prices of all books
mentioned in the list, and that each
county superintendent shall name
the text books he prefers, and
when all the county superintend
ents have reported, the text books
receiving the majority of prefer
ences shall be the state text books
for the ensuing four years.
Section tweni3r-five provides
that the county superintendent
shall, on the third Monday of
March, and tlie first Monday of
June, make an apportionment to
his school districts of the entire
school fund at that time in the
county treasury, in proportion to
the number of children residinir in
the district between the acres of
four and twenty.
Section thirty-four says that the
annual school meetings must be
held on the first Monday of March,
instead of April.
Section forty-three provides that
i any citizen of the United States
owning taxable property, and who
has resided in the district thirty
days immediately prior to a dis
trict meeting, iaay vote thereat,
whether male or female.
Sectionforty-six says that schools
which are supported by a district
tax shall be free to all between the
ages of six and twenty-one years,
residing in the district. Children
living outside of such districts may
be admitted to such schools on
conditions named by the directors.
You smoke your ciinir too long
when you smoke it too short.
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.
AT
HOLDEN'S AUCTION ROOMS.
Real Estate and Furniture
On SATITBOAY, Fel. 8, 1870.
At 2 o'clock P. M.
I will sell to the highest bidder a lot of
second-hand Furniture. Alse: 3S yards pood
Brussels Carpet, one. Howes Sewing Ma
chine, two dozen Fishermen's Woolen ShlrLs.
CUvks and Pictures ; also : a lot of second
hand Hooks, and a variety of other goods.
fter which T am instructed to dispose by
PUBLIC AUCTION of the following des
cribed valuable REAL ESTATE, all situated
in Shivelys Astoria :
Xat 5 in block 37: IiOt 5 in Mock
49 ; liOtM 4 and IO in block 70 ; JLots
9 and Ji in block 91.
Titles guaranteed. Deeds at purchasers
expense. E. C. HOLDEN.
Auctioneer.
Ordinance No. 311.
AN ORDINANCE to prorido for special
counsel for tho city in tho matter of thu last
will of Cyrus Olney, deccned.
Wiikrkas, It i averted thatCyru? Olney.
Into of Astoria docoased. left a will under
which it is clamed tho city has larpo pecuni
ary interests. irn.Aut i assorted on tho other
hand chat said supposed will h invalid and
that no rights accruod to tho city thereunder,
and it i desirable to litsro moro certain ad
vico about tho matter.
A'oic the city of Astoria does ordain asfellmrf:
Skc 1. That J. H. I). Oray. Jobn Halm
.. .1 i "W Cl!t.1tr nrA linrnrtv pnnct if titnl
j.nnd appointed aconts for tho city and are au-
tnori7.CUanU PinUvcruu uiiu uuaa-u um uo-
halfof tho city and in its name, to omploy
and enter into written contract with K. Ijl
Shattuck. attornoy-at-luw, to investigate tho
facts and tho law rotative do tho will of tho
late CvrusOlncy. and to tho right? and inter
ests of tho city of A toria tbcroundur. andto
furnish his writton opinion tbereor, at an ox
peno to tho city therefor or not exceodirg two
hundred dollars and further to retain him in
any Htiffiitum that may ario concerning tho
claims of tho city undor-frnd will at a further
foo for conducting an -action or suit to final
dccMon on appeo! -not exceeding ($1"0) ono
hundred and fifty dollars, certain, and such
reasonablecontinBent foo as may bo ngrood
uuon.
Skc 2. This ordiaanco shall take oflect and
bo in forco from and after its approval by tho
mavor.
Passed the Council. Jan. 20. 1S79.
Attest: K. 11. OAltDWELL.
Auditor and Clerk.
Approved, Jan. 30, 1S70.
J. II. 1). UKATr , Actmjr Mayor.
TTUGHf2ST001
CARPENTER AND JOINER,
AND GENERAL J03BER
ASTORIA, OREGON.
A9"Ilou!es built to order, and satisfaction
miarantocd. Shop on Squeiuocqlm street,
next door to the Episcopal church.
BUSINESS CAEDS.
B. F. DENNISON-. F. J. TAYLOR
DENNISOtf & TAYLOR,
ATTOBXEY8 AT IAW.
ASTORIA, OREGOX.
nmpp-TTn stairs in rarker's building,
comer Chenamus and Benton streets.
O. F. T.ELU A. MEACHEX.
BELL & 3IEACHEX,
Attorneys at Law and Notaries Public.
Commissioner of Deeds for California and
Washington Territory.
Astorin, Orejron.
Office Corner of Snuemocqhe and Cass
streets, np stairs, over E. S. Larson's store.
j. w. Rom:. c. w. FULTON.
ROISB 4& FITTTOIY,
Attorneys-at-Law, Collecting and Real
Estate Agents.
Booms Xos. 1 and 2. Dr. Welch's new huild
g, Squcnioenha street. Astoria.
F.
D. WIKTO,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Office in City Hall Building.
ASTORIA. OREGON.
DR-L
M. SEVERN.
Graduate University f Pennsylvania.
PHYSICIAN AND Sl'RGEON.
EXAMINING SURGEON OF PENSIONS.
Ofllre. Larsen's building.
Ofllce Hour. s A. m. to 10 a.m. and GP
m. to 8 p. M. At night can be found at Tur
pin House. Astoria, Oregon.
TVR. F. CRANG,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
ASTORIA. OREGON.
Office Room jmi. 7 over C. L. Parker's
store. Opposite Dement's drug -store.
TK. J. W. OLIVER.
IIOMEOPATIIIST.
TTaving permanently located in Astoria,
tenders his services to the citizens of this
place.
Offick. For the present at his residence,
in Col. Taylor's house. Cedar street.
OTTO DI7FIVI2R.
WATCHMAKER AND JEWELER.
II S RF.MOVED TO
Main street, Parker's building,
ASTORIA, - - - - OREGON.
J.
STEWART.
Stone and Marble Cutter,
ASTORIA. - - - OREGON.
All kinds of building work, and monumen
tal work attended to promptly and to order.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
pEO. IOVETT,
TAILOR.,
CLEANING and HEPAITUN-G PROMPTLY
ATTEND LCD TO.
Benton street, opposite Post-office. Astoria,
g GRAY,
Manufacturer of
HARNESS, SADDLES, BRIDLES,
"WHIPS, ETC.
sOars leathered, and leather for sale.
Astoria Steam Laundry.
J. T. BOBCIIERS Proprietor.
AMoriu. Oregon.
!N"o nibbing or scrubbing, and no thrashing
your clothes too pieces. Buttons sewed on
and clothes mended.
J3F-Neat work at reasonable prices. Give
us a call.
J. H. D. GRAY,
Wholesale and retail dealer in.
OYSTERS, by the SACK,
Hay, Oats, Straw, Wood, Etc.
General storage and Wharfage on reason
able terms.
Arndt & Ferchen,
milE BEST
BLACKSMITH
AND
Machine -Sfiop
In the citv.
All kinds of
Engine, Cannery and Steamboat
orK promptly attended to.
GEORGE MACLEAN,
BLACKSMLTH.
Wator Stroct Roadway,
Near Hume's Cannery, Astorie, Oregon.
Horsoshoeing If 0q? cad all kinds
Of Blacksmith J$& YW ;n,niiAtnnr-
dor. Satisfact (Pg$2f ion fcuaranteed
ATX SHIP AND ENGINE WORK A
SPECIALTY.
Jg S. MERRILL & CO.,
Blacksmiths and Machinists.
CapofficoGEI'AT1?ii!TilNI) Xear ki
Office. AbCORlA, - OREGON.
All work in our lino, heavy or li-ht, done with
neatness and dijpatch.
Horseshoeing, Wag
on and Farm
WORK A SPECIALTY
TTMrIiqGAS?.CBE1,A,HE SERVICES OF
amorofii years m the business and well
knon to Artoriahorsomen. wonropreparod t"
,"Vi? ?ur5tOS entru'tcd to our care.
nf warranted and at reasonable
COAL LAND FOR SALE.
160 4Sl4vf,i,on and "nal lands for
ForjiameuTjiis inoulreat
1 ' a Tbz AsTOUiAif Office.
SSKjf-
c: Sffe
Jx.
AUCTION SALES.
g C HOLDEN,
Notary Public for the State of Oregon.
Real Estate Agent nndonvniicer.
Agent for the FIBEMEX'S FUXD INSUR
ANCE COMPANY of San Francisco.
COMMISSION AGEN7 and AUCTIONEER,
Rent anil Acronnu Collected, aad re-
tnrns promptly made.
Regular sales day.
SATURDAYS nt 2 I. M.
tn'!SJ!lrUps I,av"i real estate, inrnl
"anynt,iere0to" dispose of either
?n.in cn -Jior ln.vate sal should notify me i
.Nostornge charged on goods sole at Auc
l,"5 L. C.HO Lb JN.
Amtionecr.
AMUSEMENTS.
WORSLETS
Dancing lea demy.
Page's building next door to E. S. Larsen.
STS cVAJ:sr0n arondayand Thursdar
evenings, at 7 :Xo.
Ladiks PLASS-On Monday and Thursdav
afternoon, at 2 :"0.
Boys Cl.s On Tuesday and Friday
evenings, at 7 ::io.
at4pSKS CwssTVe(",eirtay anrt Saturday
Wednesday evening for the entire school,
one admitted except 5'lohirs
Saturday evening SOIltEE.
TERMs-Ladies and gents class per
Month 5 oo
Boys and Misses class pe7Montii" "2 So
HOTELS AND RESTAUR ANTS?"
A. J. MEGLKR.
! C. i?. WRIGHT.
OCCIDENT nOTEI,
MEGLER & WRIGHT. Proprietors.
Astoria, Oregon.
TTIE PROPRIETORS ABE HAPPY TO
announce that the above hotel has bpen
repainted and refurnished. :dding greatly to
the comfort of its guests ami is now the best
hotel north of San Eranckco.
pARKER HOUSE,
ASTOEIA, OBEGOX.
IT. B. PAKKER, Proprietor.
TITTS HOTEL is the larsrest. most comfort
able and best kept hotel in the citv. Is
supplied with tto lnr-t of sprim: water, hot
and cold baths, barbershop, and a first-class
saloon with best of linuorsand cigars, and
fine billiard table. Free coach to and from
the house : charges reasonable. ?l 00 to $2 50
per day. according to room occupied.
Astoria, July 13, 1S7S.
pALACE LODGING HOUSE.
fAlisky & Ilegele's new building)
Comer of Morrison and Third streets,
PORTLAND, OREGON,
SS"Turoished rooms in suits, or single, by,
the'day,wee!c or month. v
Miss H. 3TENEFEE, Lessee.
RESTAURANT,
TJIEO. BROOISEE, -
PllOPKIETOR-
Fresh oysters, and other deli
cacies or tne season, served m,
every style.
Opposite the Telegraph office, S(iuemun.b
street, Astoria, Oregon.
ffS-MEALS AT ALL HOURS-5.
ASTORIA GANDY FACTORY
AND
OYSTER SALOOX.
HAVING ENLARGED MY STOKE T
have now on hand the largest and bf t
assortment of plain ami French candies in
town, also, all kinds of
CAKES, CRACKERS AND BISCUITS.
All of which I offer for sale at the lowest
cash price, wholesale and retail at
SCHWIEER'S CONFECTIONERY.
Opposite the bell tower,
ltetail candy from 2fi to 75 cents per pound.
r.m 1i T?nitori on1 HlinolMvitnrvW.
bay oyntera served in every style.
riu 1 rnuitiiu tiiiii iiHi'itiimin
mciiPiar iiolse,
IX JL TUItPIN - Pr.oriUKTOR.
MAIN STREET.
Between Squemocqhe and Jefferson,
Astokia, Oregon.
Board and lodging per week 9
Board per day
Single Meal -
Tne table will be supplied at all times with
the best the market affords.
SEAMING GLASSES,
All sizes and shapes from Plate or 26 or.
DOORS, WINDOWS,
ash
WINDOW GLASS.
Sasli, Weights. Etc.
Address all orders
CLIFFORD GOGGINS,
(Successor to Jason, Springer & Co.)
PORTLAND, OREGON.
FROM A SUFFERER.
Do not fail, if bad health you'r afraid of,
Of knowing exactly what you'r bread is
maae of.
Xow allow me. to tell you, for experience I've
had I'm sure.
Nothings worse for the. stomach than when
vou'r yeast powder's not pure.
Oh then be careful in future, you know
what's at stake,
I,et me advise yoa (for I know now) inrhnt
brand to take.
It your grocer give you no other kind for
this is guaranteed.
Tou use PonnoBy's Yeat Towder and erf
good health, pure and light bxui joss
sure.
jgjSEgVj
v 9