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VOL. 1.
ASTORIA, OREGON, FRIDAY EVENING, MAY 12, 1876.
NO. 11.
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ISSUED EVERT EVENING,
(Sundays Excepted),
ZIouHor Building, Cass Street
Terms X)f Subscriptien:
Served by Carrier, per week 25 Cents
Scut by mail, three months $2 50
Sont by mail fix month? 1 GO
Sent by mail one year 7 00
Tree of Postage to the Subscribers.
K3T Advertisements inserted by the year at
tbe rate of $1 00 per square per month.
Transient advertising, by the day or week,
fifty cents per square first insertion.
The mild in Astoria streets 5s
rapidly drying up. Weather sx)lcn
did. The weather at present has a ten
dency to crack the webs in this part of
Oregon.
The sloop Katie is now the only
regular packet between Astoria and
Knajmton.
The Oregonian has just found out
tliat the schooner Hera has been sold
by Mr. llolladay.
The Merry Makers will appear at
Spiritual Hall this evening.
Little Van will give you a good
shine for a bit, at the old corner on
Oass street, in front of Case's.
The schooner Granger arrived last
evening with a cargo of wood for the
Ijar tugs, from jSTowlan's slough.
Seventeen Pole-cats could not be
gin to make a stink equal to one
heathen Chinese opium smoker.
The Thoriub'ke completed cargo
for Liverpool yesterday and the River
Lime was finishing up this morning.
A Chinese employe at Kinney's
factory lost one or two fingers yester
day in a machine used for cutciug tin.
gteam baths, of the Turkish order,
have been added to the facilities of
the Occident shaving saloon for the
accommodation of Mr. Neiderauer's
patrons.
San Francisco papers are quarrel
ing over the time of the Three Broth
ers and Western Shore, made on the
voyage to and from Liverpool. The
Western Shore is still ahead.
Go which wav you may turn
upon any street in Astoria and you
are confronted by the march of im
provements. About thirty buildings
are now in process of construction.
Mr. Hansen authorizes.us to say
that he will settle damages without
resorting to litigation resulting from
the late drift of spiles from the Oregon
Steam Navigation Company's Astoria
boom.
Mr. H. W. Birchard, charcoal
burner at Cedar landing, below Rain
ier, paid Astoria a business visit this
week, meeting with success in con
tracts for coal at the various canning
establishments.
Mr. Geo. Watkins, of Rainier,
member of the C. R. F. B. A. S.,
wishes us to say to members and
others that he is now prepared to fill
orders for barrels, kits and tanks in
the best style, at low rates.
So now it turns out that the ef
forts of our Senators and Mr. Lane,
in Congress to get an appropriation
for a canal at the Cascades have been
defeated by Portland influence. Port
land must be kept a seaport by ship
channel to the sea at the expense of
Eastern Oregon or any other portions
outside of that incubus. See Board
of Trade report in yesterdavs papers
from Portland.
Current Euents of the Day.
About fifteen minutes rain this
afternoon started the onion setts
nicely.
Work is being pushed along vig
orously by the Oregon Steam Naviga
tion Company on a new steamer wliich
they are building at Celilo for the
Snake River trade, and also on the
new tug, at Portland, for lower Colum
bia river trade.
Capt. Hamlin has sold the sloop
Eliza to Captain R. C. Shively, and
temporarily retired from the Bay
trade. The Eliza is a good and relia
ble craft, and with Cr. once more on
deck, will be useful yet for a long
time, to come.
Captain and Mrs A. D. Wass yes
terday paid Ft. Stevens a visit, with
the steamer J. C. Brenham. We hope
the Captain will meet "with much
pleasure, and secure renewed good
health, during his summer vacation
from active pursuits, begun yester
day. Capt. Eric Johnson has been
transferred from the Brenham to the
Astoria, and Capt. Wass, after a long
and very successful term as Master
and Pilot on the Bar, will spend a
short season in recreation and health
ful traveling. He intends visiting
San Franc'sco, Honolulu, Victoria and
other -p) aces during the summer.
Mr. A. Booth, of the firm of A.
Boo Lli & Co., Upper Astoria, who ar
rived here from the East on the last
steamer has telegraphed home to as
certain the extent of Saturday's storm
in Chicago. Mr. B. is the owner of
buildings next door to the Palmer
House, and as the latter was consider
ably damaged, is very anxious to learn
full paruiculavs.
Mr. Win. Burn ell, chief clerk in
the U. S. Engineers office, Portland,
arrived last evening and proceeded
this morning to Point Adams, in
structed to pay off sundry men at
that locality employed in that depart
ment of the government. He is ac
companied by Mr. E. C. Protzman
whose health has been greaily impaired
since the accident at the printers pic
nic last year, in which he was danger
ously hurt. Both gentlemen placed
us under obligations for Newsjiape
rial favors.
Dr. Wm. H.Hall, editor of Hall's
Journal of Health, fell in the street
in New York Wednesday night in a
fit and expired. Cause of death un
known. Public Installation.
Tho members, of Astoria Lodge, 2Co. 40, 1.
0. G. T., will have a public installation of
officers for tho ensuing quarter on Saturday
evening, May 13th, at Spiritual Hall. Imme
diately after tho installation. Rev. Dr. Cfans
wilt deliver a lecture on temperance. Tho
public and all members of tho order aro cor
dially invited to attend.
T.S.Jewett.W.S.
$r Any person inquiring for a fine
quali.y of liq -or, and can appreciate the
same, can find the genuine J. H. Culter
WhibUey and Millers entra Old Bourboj,
at the " Columbia Bar" saloon Aslona.
with Goo. Ubherwood late of Portland to
causr to their tastes. Gentlemen will please
give us a call. Cirars of a .fine quality
alto on hand. Jas. 31. Lynch, Prop.
Postage on the Weekly Astoriax
is two cents a paper to any part of
the United States, when sent by peo
ple not connected with the newspaper
office. We will will send four copies
(separate dates), equivalent to one
month, to one address, in one wrajjper
(post-paid), on receipt of 25 cents.
IST-Births, marriages and deaths
will be inserted free of charge to sub
scribers to 'either the Daily or the
Weekly A storian. Births or marria
ges, when sent in by persons who are
not subscribers to the paper, should
be accompanied with one dollar,
which will be placed to the credit of
the party and the paper will be sent
to the address for the full amount so
paid tons.
Telegraphic Hews.
Synopsis of Press Dispatches.
2u dispatches have been received
up to the hour of three o'clock. The
line is still down, below Oak Point.
CENTENNIAL PAPERS. No. 1.
The American Colonist in Oregon.
By Rev. George H. Atkinson, D. D.
The history of great nations is that
of colonies. As far back as human
records reach we find outward move
ments from the early centers of popu
lation ; then a re-planting and vigorous
growth in new regions.
The attempt once to build a town
and a vast central city resulted in a
Babel, a confusion of tongues, a diffu
sion of tribes east, west, north and
south to settle the wilderness and build
np nations.
Such was the origin of the Asyrian,
Persian, Egyptian and Syrian empires
and monarcliies ; such also of the mari
time provinces around the Mediterra
nean, which at length grew to be semi
republics, small and large ; some,
indeed, of imperial sway.
The founders of Ninevah and Bab
ylon were colonists ; and Medo-Persia,
by its very name indicates its colonial
migration and character. Abraham,
the founder of the Hebrew common
wealth that has outlived all others and
infused its thought and spirit more
than any into the worktywas a religious
colonist.
The Hyksos or shepherd tribes and
kings of Egypt, who drove off tyrants
and held the scepter of that land for
centuries, were probably colonists from
Arabia.
Earned as the Greeks have been, we
find their history to be that of migra
ting tribes, chiefly -the Pelopidae and
the Hericlidae of "the earlier ares of
the'Peloponnessus, and later the-rival
Dorians from Thessaiy ; also the Ioni
ans, Eolians and Beot'ans, that became
at length masters of the whole country
and founders of the rich provinces
around the iEgean and the Adriatic.
We know what mingling of tribes
and people nv.de np the conglomerate
mass of the domain of the Cresars ;
and how the Gallic and Teutonic and
Anglo-Saxon have beeu intermingled
during almost twenty centuries to aive
the modern world those strong, com
posite, imperial nations, the French,
the Germans and the English.
We know what colonies from Europe
peopled America, North and South,
and how the various republics of both
regions have grown np with more or
less strength, and consisting during the
last three centu"ies of certain qualities
and principles in the foundation of
colonial States, have become patent to
philosophical minds, and have almost
passed into the studies of our children.
The problem of national life, growth
and confirmed strength, or decline and
decay has been so often solved and its
factors have been so often analyzed and
clearly stated that well-read and observ
ing peoirie are quite well-able to fore
cast the future from the past and
the present.
It has been natural for the English
these many years to lead in coloni.-i1
enterprise, since the' so much inherr"
the old Danish love of adventure, the
robust Saxon courage, and the dash
of the Norman ; and wherever you
find their trading factories, wliich have
always had a colonial stamp and pur
pose with traffic as a means, whether
in the East or West Indian Islands or
mainlands, or whether in Southern and
Western Africa, or in South or North
America or Australia, you will find the
English type not only in speech but
in spirit, with clear traces of eaiiiesJ
as well as later ancestral blood. It Iras
been epiite as natural for the American
to inherit a similar type and spirit ol
adventure, having sprung from the
common English stock, with fresher
blood from the Gallic, Teutonic and
Scandinavian coimtries. Beside the
colonial bias, certain elements of free
dom, social equality and confidence in
man's personal rights and powers of
self-government have gained a firm
setting and sway in American charac
ter which are sure to appear in his life
in new fields of activity, and especially
in his formation of new American
States. The drift of population from
its first centers on the New England
coast, along the shores northward and
southward, and along the rivers and
valleys inland, bore the same convic
tions of man's rights and duties which
had been welded in the fierce strife of
civil war and the hot fires of persecu
tion, and also bore onward the same
habits of steady industry, and earliest
thought, and. outspoken opinion as
moved the Pilgiv.m Fathers to cross
the ocean and found a new and quiet
home in the wilderness. The trading
Hollander of New York, the English
Quaker of Pennsylvania, and the iartly
enfranchised cavalier of Virginia, each
traced his family lineaments in the
increasing lines of caravans sent from
their several centers over the Alleghe
nies to settle the virgin lands of the
great Yalley of the Mississippi and its
branches. All these currents gradually
have been interminghng as the waters
of the upper streams of our -own
majestic Columbia, distinct at first, but
finallyinterfused into one homogeneous
quality.
The earlier and primary immigra
tions, followed by the secondary on
a grander scale to people the great
Mississippi Yalley, had manifold other
movements of the people to possess
the lakes, the prairies, the gulf, and
the vast mineral and forest regions and
river systems. Motives of such force
have called out the utmost daring of
early adventurers and the thoughtful
planning and intense energy, of the
late founders of the cities and States
of the interior.
With such experiences in the past
generations, there was need of as grand
an opportunity and occasion to arouse
the American for a march of two
thousand miles from the rich lands of
Ohio and Kentucky, Illinois and Mis
souri, in order to make a home on this
northwest coast. The mild, equable
climate, the vicinity of the great ocean,
the prospect for an unusual largess of
land, the sudden discovery of the pre
cious metals over large areas, have
combined to furnish that motive and
give it the steadiness of a law of attrac
tion. But the grandeur of the enter
prise was matched hy the gravity of
the undertaking. Other eyes were
upon the same regions ; other feet were
traveling the same plains and mount
ains, and treading the same rivers as
traders under the banner of England's
wise leaders and the strong support of
money of a corporate central power of
national sympathy, and of large num
bers of interested adherents. Besides
all this the Aborigines held their native
domain in confident and somewhat
defiant security.
It would be a task to establish set
tlements on uninhabited lands two
thousand miles from the homes of
settlers where they have their route to
find and their track to make thither.
How could a few small companies
expect to thread their way over unex
plored, treeless, apparently desert
plains, and over mountain ranges and
establish their homes., their government
and then institutions firmly among
suoh opposing forces'? Tins was the
problem to be solved by the American
colonist in Oregon. Such was .not in
the thought of the trapper who had
wandered from his Eastern abode a lone
exile among the mountains ; yet his
love of home-life soon returned and
brought him early among the settlers
and in sympathy with their plans. The
daring and freedom of his hunting life
fitted him for bold measures. Unused
to conventional rules, his good sense
and quick perception made him a strong
ally in the cause of American princi
ples and institutions, from which exile
had not weakened his love, but rather
kindled it with enthusiasm. You can
readily imagine the quiet purpose of
such men as Russell, the trapper from
Maine, and the energy of the bold
Yirginian, Meek, calling aloud on the
settlers to follow him after the motion
was made to divide the house on the
question of a provisional government.
It was" a pivotal point in the early
liistory of the few score of Americans
then in the country to decide the
question, and when, by count, fifty
two voted aye, to fifty nay, and the
chairman declared the affirmative, the
shout of liberty from the mountaineers
carried the note of victory for the
American cause. Doubtless this class
of men were slow to see all the issues
involved, but they saw the main point
and worked for it as for a hunter's
prize. Though they had no plan to
become colonists, it was their lot,
finally 'to be an important factor in
the new settlement, and we rightfully
enroll the American trappers on the
list of American colonists in Oregon.
At first they did not appear, for the
trader had preceded them. The British
navigation laws after the Revolution,
which excluded American ships from
the ports of Great Britain and of her
colonies, compelled the enterprise of
Eastern merchants to seek new regions.
In the early years of this century there
were over twenty American vessels
traversing this coast carrying peltries
to China, exchanging them for silks
and teas, which again were exchanged
in Eastern ports for goods and outfit
for new voyages. It was this enter
prise which Mr. Astor elaborated into
a system. Not able to depend upon
casual supplies of furs, he resolved to
have his own posts and factories in the
interior and his depot near the sea and
his annual ship supply to Astoria,
which plan was effected in 1811, but
defeated the next year by British
influence, leaving hardly one man in
sympathy with our Government in
Oregon.
' The plan of Captain Wyeth's trading
settlement in 1832 was similar, yet in
a few years its failure left only a few
faithful colonists to await the coming
of future citizens of the country and
share with them its perils and its
blessings.
But the energy of such traders, fol
lowed as they were by the vessels of Mr
dishing, of NewbuVyport, and others,
furnishing supplies independently of
the Hon. Hudson Bay Company, gave
strength and confidence to the people.
But like the unformed materials in the
soil, the elements of society from 1811
to 1834 were scattered. Neither trap
per nor trader designed to plant a
colony or build up a State. Their
prime object was the profits of their
business.
The missionary appeared on the stage
in 1834 as another factor in the future
colony. Invited by an Indian delega
tion, in 1833, to bring them God's
message, they counted it a providential
call, and hastened to tliis region, not
to found a government, but to preach
the Gospel of Christ. The journey of
the Messrs. Lee, Shepherd and Ed
wards across the plains on horseback,
in 1834, gave little sign of permanent
settlement.
Goods and families by sea, and a few
pioneers over the trail by land, gave
the enemy in Great Britain reason
to say: " The Americans cannot settle
Oregon." This, one of their writers
in the Westminster Review did say.
The Hon. Hudson Bay Company's
policy of sending off by ship all adven
turers, traders end explorers without
cost, if need be, and to return none,
easily reduced these few settlers to a
small number.
In 183G another small missionary
company, with the first wagon, came
in sight of the rendezvous of the fur
traders and trappers in the Rocky
Mountains. And now two ladies also
appeared, Mrs. Whitman and Mrs.
Spaulding, the first women who had
ever crossed the Rocky Mountains.
On seeing them an old trapper exclaim
ed: "There is something which the
Hon. Hudson Bay Company cannot
send out of the country." It was a
sort of prophecy, yet they came only
to proclaim the kingdom of Christ,
not to establish an American colony.
They endured the common hardships
in obedience to the Master's command
and example, sustained by the volun
tary offerings and prayers of the
churches, and guided by their under
standing of the Word of God. It was
not strange that they ware slow to leam
the part wliich their missions were to
play hi the colonial history of the
forming settlements. Hon. William H.
Gray, of Astoria, .President of the Pio
neer and Historical Society of Oregon,
is the only survivor of this second
company of missionaries.
Rev. Jason Lee, of the M. E. Mis
sion, seeing the need of goods for the
people, lest their dependence upon a
foreign company should expose them
to suffer or compel them to depart,
secured an assorted cargo in the first
or second ship that brought reinforce
ments. Eastern Oregon The Astorian is
doing more for the interests of Eastern
Oregon than any other paper in the State.
If you have a friend or a relative in that
section of this country, send him the pa
per on trial. Only one dollar for four
months.
JST'Splendid assortment wall pa
per and window blinds just received
at Case's.
""F?r. 5n nd Artistic Photographs, go to
Bncktel & Stolte, 91 and itt First street, Port
land, the only first class Gallery in Oregon.
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