C 27 ? - ' . i i t Tri-Weekly Astorian ASTORIA, OREGON: I. C. IK2Sr.AXI..;. !::. Editor. SATURDAY Oct. 18, 1873 COSE2EERCIAX. statistics. Astoriit Harbor aiatl Columbia Bar. Soineilsin for tlte Excursionists to Keail a:xI Jtoincnsber. Oregon is now chiefly done by vessels of light draft and binall capacity. Thatthee-are subject to a tax of 8 per foot draft as pilotage; from four to ten day' delay, and 300 to 400 towage, over and above what they would have to pay, did they receive and take in cargo at Astoria. A fair average would be, say six hundred ton capacity. Expenses would then beasibllews: Pilotage 1 feet & 51 up S G4 " 15 " " down to Six days demurrage s $00 3(50 Towage up 17 j " down l-o Next week it is expected there will be a large number of excursionists lo this place from the "Wallamet valley, most of whom come in quest of information concerning Astoria as the starting point for the export grain tiade of Oregon. In one sense of the word, perhaps these excursionists may be set down as pleasure-seekers, but as a whole they may be classed " thebone and .-.mew" of the land, looking out for means of self protection, for the least expensive and most direct method of marketing their productions, when there is a demand for them, as in Europe at this time. "We are of those who believe that Oregon is rich in all that goea to make up a iirst class State, and that all that i required, to usher in a degree of extreme pro-perity,is the placing of the producing cla?se- in a position to realize full returns for their labor. The harvest of. 1873 will yield close upon, (if not more than) live million bushels of wheat of the very choicest grade, besides oats, barley, etc. And yet the State is not developed to a tenth part of its wheat raising capacity. There are wheat lands bordering, and" tributary to.the Columbia river, in Oregon and "Wa-hington, suffi cient to produce, annually, seventy-five million- bu-hels! or enough to load eidit ships of a thou-and tons each working day of the year. There are no risks of pro duction in Oregon, it is bimpty a question of a fair return lor labor, in the way of price for grain. Vc believe there has never been a season, with perhaps one ex ception, that the prices realized by the farmer of .California would not have been such a to make wheat raising in Oregon profitable. The question then is to so order our conditions that wheat shall be worth as much at tide water in Oregon, as it is in California, and we then have sufficient stimulus to induce the opening up of all available wheat land in the State, and the consequent populating of the State in a cor responding ratio. The question is now shall tliis be done? Vre maintain that it i.- a simple problem. Ve start out with the statement that a cargo of wheat, saT jlfty thousand bushel, at Astoria, is worth a much afloat, a, the same quantity of wheat is woith in San Francisco, afloat, iorexpoittoany market south of the equa tor, or on tlyj western shore of the Pacific ocean. The f.rst thing required is the placing of the Oregon crops at Astoria, where the largest class of vessels can al ways come, and the giving of that infor mation to the ship owners of the world. 15 ut we must break up the present ar rangement of dragging vessels over the mini to Poitland, and avoid the delays incident thereto. It is shallow nonsense to presume that anv other course than that of i t mpioymg a ep ve ei, ana loaaing mem at Astoria, will bring the desired result. Thai it can be done has been shown time and time again, but no where more plainly in the same space than in a recent report or' the Astoria Chamber of Commerce. This report say&: The .water, front of Astoria, varying from a quai ter of a mile to a mile in width aribrds over six mile- of secure anchorage J lor the largest classed vessels, in from six to twelve fathoms of water. No storms have yet vi-ited the harbor that effected any damage to shipping riding at anchor in the bay, or lying at the wharf. Should the demands of commerce .re ouire, about five? consecutive miles of dock age may be cheaply constiucted from the liver bank to the edge of the channel, I iiing being necessary but a short dis tance at any given point. The central portion of the harbor is just twelve miles inside the Columbia river Lir, on which there i twenty-four feet of a- aier at extreme low tide, and thirty-four p1" ordinary high tide". After crossing the lir, the depth hoid- still greater all the way to Astoria, so that any vessel able to c-os can safely venture to our docks. About six miles above A-toria, at the com mencement of Cathlament bay is the ' uog's-back,' a bar some quarter of a mile j '" i.i length, with ten feet of water at low and I seventeen feet at high tide. This is the I mo-t dangerou- point on the river, and the j inot skillful pilots rarely attempt its pas- sage in the .night, either with sail or steam. l,is formed of shifting sand-, deposited by the meeting of the tide with the annual freshets of the river, as Cathlamet bay is t-n miles -long up and down the river, and from seven to fourteen in width. Thus the waters of the river are so spread out that they lo-e their force, and the incoming tide washes the loose sand into irregular "lxir that change their position from year , -t year, and make dredging useless, steamers are nearly always detained at .Astoria, for tide to cross this. by. - r This barnas been known for years, but as the draft of steam (va and vessels now coming into the river ' i- greater than formerly, the difficulties are becoming more and more apparent; Above this we have the following named depths of water at the points mentioned at high tide: l Valker's Island, IS ft-for mile below Kainior Oarr's Woody ard 17 above kahuna IS J1 A Ft Helen loftforK . : ioiit.li Wallamet" " " - 1 ost Office 15 " Swan Island... lo The channel is often crooked, and diffi cult of navigation, .and tjie bar at the mouth of the Willamette river is subject to annual depo-ts of sediment from back water of the Columbia. We find that the carrying trade of Total ?7SS Equivalent to over four cents per biv-hel on the cargo of GOO tons outward bound. This is but a fraction of the expense to the State growing out of present' arrangement of the arrivals and depatures by sea. 15y careful inspection of the shipping registers, we find the average drait of all vessels now in use; ranging oetween 1,000 and 1,200 tons, to he '2QlA feet, and the average of all larger ones but 2VA feet. While a thousand ton ship is full larger than can reach Portland,or any point above Astoria, loaded, on account of depth of water, a vessel of 3,000 tons can always come to Astoria, whatever the stage of water. Thus, with a point higher up on the river, the export trado must forever be carried on in small vessels, while from here the shipping of the world may com pete for freights. A ship of 3,000 tons cau carry wheat from Asfora to Liverpool for twenty cents a bushel less than a 1,000 ton vessel can do from Portland, as' the following figures fully demenstrate: ' A shin of :5,00 tons i worth $120,000 Interest, Jit 10 cent, for four months (avcrago passage : 4,000 Insurance at 12 V cent 4,800 Depreciation at 10 t1 cent 4,000 Captain, three mates, steward, and cook SloO. 7o, s'A 0, $-10, S40 fi moil t h ... 1 ,fiO Twenty-four seamen L' '2o "rl month -,40,) Stores for voyage, .)0 men at JU'c V day, 1,S00 l'OKT CHVIUIKS IN ASTOK'A. Pilotage and towage, 2-5 feet SS & 10 20'i Stevedores' bill, 3,u u tons & 10c 1,200 Dunnage 200 Port stores, etc -. 200 LlVKKl'OOL Ml VKGI.S. Pilotage and towage, 2 feet f 10 2-.0 udore's bill, a.OlW tons $ 2oc 7." !00 200 22,40(J Stnroilnri Harbor fees, tonnage dues and dockage Fort stores..., Total expense. CeNTii: Py 3,000 tons (i -ir ?4000 Exijchso' deducted 22,400 balance S 22,10 A ship of 1,0!0 tons is worth S 00,000 Interest at H V cent, and Insurance Qf 12 V cent., four month" -M'1" Depreciation at 10 f cent Wages month, for Captain s-loO, two mates $l.T,stevard toO.and 12 seamen at $21 each Stores for lb men at )'c day POUT CH VKUKS IN ASTOKIA. Pilotage and towago, 10 feet 5S ( 10 ... Port stores and dunnage Stevedore's bill, 1,0W tons (& 50c iavKnrooL ( iimioks. Pilotage and towago, 10 feet $10 ...... Stovedoro's bill C4 2 c, harbor dues, ton nage dues and dockage Port stores 2,000 2,.", JO 000 1W 200 500 190 050 1!H) Total oxpenscs Centkv: By 1,000 tons at $lo. Expenses deducted... 13almco .$ 11,735 .$15,000 .. 11,760. $ 3,24G Or, a dividend of 19 per cent, on cost of the larger ship as against 5 per cent, on that of the smaller. Or, to reduce both to 5 per cent., the 3,000 ton ship will carry wheat to Liverpool for over a third less than the 1,000 ton vessel; that is. 29 cents against 45 cents per bushel. Add to this the cost a1- above figured, incidental to delays and river expenses of -4 cents per bushel, and it gives a net gain of 20 cents per bushel in favor of Astoria as an ex porting harbor, and the employment of such vessels a can safely cross the bar, over the present arrangement of Portland and small vessels. Twenty cents per bushel on the estimated crop of the State for 1873, viz: 5,000,000 bushels, gives the snug little sum of 1,000,000 that the form er should have for his labor. The above iigures are all substantially correct, and tell their own -story. It mav be said that several large vessels have loaded at Portland, but the Custom House records show that of the twenty i vessels named below, comprising all the vessels oi any srze that have sailed irom. the river with wheat, from a fourth to over one-half of the cargo "was brought down to Astoria in steamboats and here put on board. "And yet these records are more favorable to the city of Portland than the facts justify, for the reason that in a number of instances, two or three hundred tons was cleared from the Port land Custom House as being on board when in fact it was in lighters and steam ers alongside of the ship, and towed down to Astoria before being placed on the ves sel. List of vessels exporting wheat from Oregon, showing amount of bushels taken on at Astoria and Pertland: of wheat, taking on but 600 at Portland, and being detained some 20 days at this port to receive the. remaining 1100 tons, jtfow, compute the demurrage for twenty days time, at 250 per day, a low price, 5,000. Add 2 50 per ton. (frieght per O. S. iST-. Co., steamboats), 82,750, mak ing 7,750, seven dollars per ton, or twenty-one cents per bushel,as the cost of plac ing the balance, of the ships cargo on board j at Astoria, after having already consum ed ample time in Portland. Farmers look this thing square in the face, and see where your money goes. Something concerning the commercial interest of Oregon is the rate of insurance on vessels coming here, and as showing that these high tariffs are unjust we quote from the same report as follews: iSow as to the safety of the Columbia river. Exact data is wanting of the whole number of vessels that have crossed the bar, but from certain periods during which the data is -complete, we are enabled to approximate very closely, and set the number down at an average of five hun- areu a vear lor uk; kisu iwciiy-wn; . , or since 1852. The following is a com plete list of all the losses or wrecks that have occurred on the bar since 1852, which' year may be considered the beginning of wisdoiM as regauls the channels, currents, &c, on or about the bar. Barks Mendora, and lerrithew, lost January 12th, 1853, came in without pilot-, wind failed after getting in, and they drifted ashore. Bark Oiiole, lost September 19th, 1S53. Brig Detroit, lost Dec. 22, 1855, on outer spit. Going out at night. Bark Desdemona, Tost Dec. 31st, 1S50. Came in without a pilot, ran on sands six miles inside. Schooner "Woodpecker lost lEay 10, 1SG1, four miles inside. Bark Industry ,iost March 1G, I860, com ing in without a pilot. Bark "V. B. Scranton, lost May 5th, 1807. Only eight vessels in twenty-one years. Eight out of 10,500. One out of 1.312, or one-thirteenth of one per cent, of the ship ping coming into the river. fw tliio m-im'ii.vjv f'nnv worn nnminn in without pilots. It rather appeaMhat near ly every loss during the time under reveiw, was the result, not 01 a rougn oar, uuloi the wind failing after the vessel had crossed thus leaving her to drift on the sands. It also seems that each loss of vessels coming in occurred when they were sailing against the tide, instead of with it. There being no tug to go to their relief, of course there could be no rescue. It is safe to say that, had there been a tug at hand, every vessel thus tar lost on the bar might have been saved. Since the placing of the tug Astoria upon the bar, or pilot grounds in 1869, there has been no loss, and with proper care on the pait of tug and pilots, there need be none for many years to come. Tke&e facts warrant us in mak ing the bold abortion, that there is no barr ed harbor known to'commerce, where the percentage of loss is so small; and few, if any, open harbors that can show so fair a record. The currents and, prevailing winds are such, and the land marks so well defined, that at a time when it is un safe to cross the bar, vessels outside can readily keep off, and wait a suitable time to enter. And there is good holding rrronnds hut a few hundred rods inside for vessels bound out to anchor, and select from the spot their own time to pass out. Less trouble is experienced from fogs at the Columbia, than either to the north or south, as they are not frequent, and are much less dense, owing, no doubt, to the presence of atrial currents, resiiltiug irom peculiar physical conformations. The channel is distinctly buoyed out, and lighted by a first class light-house on Cape Disappointment, where is established a liVn.nvinrr station bv Government, with a few of the needed iacilities for rendering aid in case of accident on the bar. Gov ernment has also made an appropriation for a lighthouse at Point Adams, and preparations are going forward for com mencing the work at once. The cominerce of Oregon has hereto fore been taxed by underwriters far above the proper and reasonable rate. But, as the rate of insurance is made up from a knowledge of the actual pro rata of loss incident to a given harbor, when such i data is to be had, or guessed at from gen eral impressions, in the absence of reliable information, there seems no good reason why, if the above facts are laia Deiore ine ODD IXIilLOWSIOP AUCTIOKEEES. Crop ok 1672. 1S72 Ships. pi p July 1L. Oct. 11.. " 14.. " 14.. " 14.. Xov. 7.. " 14.. " 21.. SO IL. 17.. IS., Bee. 1S73. Jan. l'L Feb. 1.. " &. 11 17. " 20. March S " 10 44 14 Annie M. Smull Manilla Navigator Electra Lock l)oe. Siam Forward, (bbls of flour). ! Red Deer Grasmere Zouave aworth Channel Light : Victoria Xyanza Whittington. Felix Mendelsohn. Sarah Scott Koswoll Sin-ague lllione Carribou Victoria Cross 7,171 r.,22j 7,:) 1J.U :,7iU 7.17.', 1,7!8 10,177 20,032 :i,(W7 2,505 8,405 9,023 : 14,880 11,574 1,230 8,:il2 9,005 7,705 3,828 12,4'i2 14,)21 20,'22 22,177 oO,..)' 2o,!t)7 o,200 2i,501 2:5,575 22,100 17,170 21,755 44,S00 81,031 o,'VJ03 30,000 35,080 30,039 32,08.3 24,342 v'lrinny inn rin p, underwriters of the land, the discrimination against the Columbia river bar should not bo removed, and our insurance had at a fair rate, much la-s ilifm io rrvv imv0ed. "? '':'' TllC question is now never raised about Sandy Hook bar, at the entrance of iSTew York harbor, being too shallow and rough for the extensive and profitable employment of all classes of vessels, yet there is five feet more water on the Columbia river bar at high tide, than there is on Sandy Hook at a corresponding stage of water. Mr. A. Xoltneiy of Oregon Lodge Xo. 3, Grand Representative to the National Grand Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in a letter to his Oregon City Enterprise, dated at Baltimore on the 21st of September, says: The Grand Lodge of the United States met here last Monday. It was as fine a body of men as we have ever assembled, and coming as they did from every State in the Union, were a fair representation of the Or der, ana we nave no Hesitancy m saying that they were an honor to the Order. The Grand Sire being absent, Deputy Grand Sire Durha'm, of Kentucky, member elect to Con gress, presided over the deliberations of the body. The proceedings were harmonious throughout, and much legislation was had. There was no change made in the work, and the new books were adopted to go into effect on the 1st of next January. "Washington and Idaho Territories, who are under the jurisdiction of the brand .Lodge ot uregon, were granted charters for Territorial Grand Lodges. This was deemed best by us, as the rulings of the Grand Lodge are that these two Territories " must make their re turns of the Grand Lodge of the United States, and that they are not entitled to representation" in the Grand Lodge of Oregon." Finding thnf. this was thn oirinion of the lead ing members of the order, including all the Past Grand Sires and the Grand Secretary, we concluded that if we could get a charter for them they could set up house keeping on their own hook. In this we were successful. British Columbia was also granted a charter for a Grand Lodge. The Degree of Rebecca was so amended that the wife's standing in the Lodge is not dependent 'on the husband. During the session Grand Secretary Ridglepr was presented with a solid silver brick and a most beautiful silver mounted cane; the former by "White of Nevada, and the latter by the representative from Tennessee. Appropriate presenta tion speeches were made by Repre sentative Herman and the Repre sentative from Tennessee, and repli ed to bv the recipient. The Lodge adjourned yesterday afternoon, and most of the members have left for their homes. Thirty-three Grand Lodges and seventeen Grand Encampments were represented. The annual report of Grand Secre tary, makes a pamphlet of 144 .pages, andgivds an interesting history of the order for the past year. The annual revenue of the Grand Lodge is a total of $50,S92 00, excess of 1373 over 1872 $9,059 72. The Grand Secretary compares the numerical and financial status of the order in 1S71 and 1872, from which it will be seen that Odd Fellowship is in a remarkably flourishing condi tion, and rapidly increasing in mem bership and resouces. Grand Lodge has decided that " State Grand Lodges have the pow er to assess their subordinates to meet deficiencies and to pay its current expenses and to raise revenue for its legitimate purp oses. ' ' Representative Leech, of Iowa, moved the the following resolution, which was referred to the Judiciary Cemmittee: Resolved, that when a member is sufficiently in arrears to disqualify him under the rules of his lodge from receiving benefits in case of sickness, said arrearages shall dis qualify him from receiving the semi annual password. A. B. RICHARDSON. S. I. . GILMA2T. A. B. Richardson? AUCTIONEER Corner of Front and Oak st?., Portland, Oregon. Auction Sales of Ileal Estate, Groceries, General Merchandise av.d Horses. Sales Wednesday and Saturday. KS'Larjro assortinont of Groceries-, Liquor?, etc., at Private Sale. Liberal advances made on consignments. A.B.lllCHAKDSQX Chades S- Wright, AUCTIONEER Cor of Main and Chennmus Streets, Astoria. Gooels received on consign ment and sold to the highest bidder. scar KiEbourn, AUCTIONEER Office 40 Pirst st., Portland- PROFESSIONAL CARDS. WM. L. McEWAX, ' RESIDENT ATTORNEY, Astoria,. Oregon. HENRY S. AIKEN, NOTARY PUBLIC, ASTORIA, OREGON. II. B. PARKER, JUSTICE OE THE PEACE, . ASTORIA, OREGON- BSr" Ahvays Ready for Ihisines3."1va A. VAN DUSEN, NOTARY PUBLIC, Astoria, Oregon. DR. S. W. DODD, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEONr ASTORIA, OREGON. G&OKGE U. DURHAM. H. Y. THOMl'SOX.. DURHAM! & THOMPSON, Attorneys at Law, Portland. Office 100 Eirst Street, opposite Occidental Hotel. auU 'isl. E. 3IULKEY; ATTORNEY AT LAW - Portland. Office in Pittock's Ruildinj ana Stark sts., (up Stairs). Corner .Front sli CAPLES MORELAND, Attorneys at Law, Portland, Oregon Office in Pitock's Building, Corner of Front and Stark streets, (up Stairs). slU H.H.NORTHUP, ATTORNEY AT LAW, (Register in Bankruptcy), Office In Holmes' Building, Portland. O. P. MASON, ATTORNEY AT LAW, PORTLAND, OREGON. i5 Land Cases and Titles a specialty .""5?i Dr. A. D. ELLIS, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON Office on Stark Street, Portland, Oregon KRUMBIEN fc GILBERT, ARCHITECTS AND DRAUGHTSMEN, INVENTOR'S EXCHANGE, Crco's Building Portland, Oregon. tfrTho Bost Counsel; the Best Draughp men; the Best Model Workmen, and best Patent Agent at Washington; the only reliable, place to get your intentions put through in short notice. ' Patronize Home Manufactures. AINSLEY & DAVIDSON, Manufacturers and Dealors in Doors, Sash, Blinds, Frames, Shutters, Brackets, And all kinds of Scroll Sawing. Having tho best facilities and the latest im proved wood working machinery for tho manu facture of the above articles, can oiFer superior inducements to customers, and at San Iran cisco prices, at Nicolai Bros' Mill. Also, best quality of Soasoned Cedar Lum per, Ceiling, Rustic and Mouldings. A ood Turning in all its branches, ,Ballusters, Newell Posts, Billiard Balls, Croquet Sets, etc., at NICOLAI BROS.' MILL AND FACTORY. Cor Second and E Streets, Portland. FARM FOR SALS. ACRES GOOD LAND, situated on tho oanks of Lewis and Clarke river, and known as tho y.3aVJJ.I-b-JJ -M IWIJJUXJ s I u Vessels marked thus () are known to have lightered ' nuro than tho amount credited above. The aliove tables pretty well illustrate the extra cost of navigating the Columbia by tailing craft, of any respectability. The Zouave, for instance carried 1700 tons Attention has been called by professor B. Sillman, to the probable occurrence of bmall diamonds in the bands left in th sluices of hydraulic wabhings in California. A microscopic examination ot" a bample of theae sands, from Cherokee, in Butte coun-tj-, revealed the existence of numerous crystals ot hyacinth or zircon, associated with crystals of topas, fragments of quartz, black grains of chromite and titanic iron ore, and a few small masses of a highly refracting bubstance, which,from its phys ical and chemical characters, is believed to be true diamond. The occurrence of dia monds in California has long been known, although not under these circumstances. Enlarged photographs of the genuine and counterfeit 500 greenbacks have been sent from Washington. New School Books. I have just re ceived all the different kinds of aSew School Books required to be used in this State, that can now be found in San E?ancisco. Als'o, Slate pencils, Blotting pads, a good as sortment of Stationery, Drawing paper, CABD BOARD, Perforated board, Ink, (Carmine, Purple and Black). Likewise a new stock of Crockery, Clocks and a large assortment of Lamp Chimneys, all of wlfieh will be sold cheap for cash. I. TV. CASE. Is offered for sale at tho cheap rate of Si 2o per aero. Address, E.EEiiREL, s25tf Astoria Steam Saw-mill. For Sale Cheap for Cash I 00D SUBSTANTIAL DWELLING House containing seven rooms. Lower rooms hard iini-hed, together with three acres of good Garden Land, all under good fence. Or chard, Barn and Stablo, Store-rooms, Wqod house and other buildings, situated at Skipa non Landing For further particulars, apply to Eerry. Woodward & Co, Portland or to RICHARD HOBSON. Astoria. JSE"W ADVERTISEMENTS. G-emiania Beer Hall -AND- BOTTLED BEER DEPOT, Chenaimis Street, Astoria. THE PUBLIC ARE INVITED to call and leave their orders. Sjilendid Lager five Cents a Glass, Free Lunch every Nigld. oclStf ERNST PAPMAHL, Proprietor. PAEMFOR SALE. ACRES GOOD FARMING LAND on Klaskanino Creek is offered for sale very cheap for cash. The location is fine: One and a half miles from the Lower Landing on the Military Boad, and on the Bailroad Survey. A first class location for a Hotel, Summer Resort, or Dairy Ranch. Eorty. acres of this ground borders on Klas kanino creek. There is an orchard of H00 trees on tho place. A bargain is offered. For par ticulars inquire of D. C. IRELAND, aula lm Astorian Qffico. ' NOTICE. HAVING LET THE GLOBE HOTEL, and furniture, lately occupied Jay mo in this city, to Messrs. Farleman & Lawson. tho nub- lie are hereby notified that tho new firm will bo responsible, lroin this date, for all bills con-! tracted in tho namo of said Globe Hntol? I'd i to this date all bills will bo paid by me, nndj persons inueutuu iu mo are mvitea to square accounts" without further notice. Astoria, Sept. 21, lbTtJ.Jf N. KjQEFOED.