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About Tri-weekly Astorian. (Astoria, Or.) 1873-1874 | View Entire Issue (July 5, 1873)
;r ara -ac?e "v'"vi'?s" v&u "wiaE.sanfww t ' ' "" . - - . ' A f r ' .AA W A T T n T J? & 'SWZSSXSZ&. ----H-?'rajr?gggflsrn3rH-rg Vkjr-Brt-aawargsegggfeazigfgsaasrfi in; l-.-i n- I JTTreM8.i : u v'ap'xalJ3,JtgJJgllJBB3CEa5e5eiagiaacaa the AsiroaiAisr. SATURDAY Jct-y 5, 1873? ""commercial statistics. 8?, fpo; ot Me Harbor and.Sliipping .3.U of the port of ' Astoria Facts rn jportcoit to tho Public ' ' At a. meeting of the Astoria Cham-) bcr of Commerce, "held in May last, a committee was appointed to pre pare statistics of the harbor and ship ping of the port of Astoria, for use at the Earmei's Convention. Following is the report in full. , , Your committee to whom was referred Che matter of harbor, and ."hipping intelli gence, beg leave to oiler the follewing: The water', front of Astoria, varying from a quarter of a mile to a mile in 'width gfibrds over six mile ot secure Anchorage for the largest elated vessel, in from six to twelve fathoms of water. -Ko storms have yet visited the bailor tSiat efiected any dam ace to shii-pine: ridmr at anchor in the-bay, or. lying at the wharf. Should the demands f commeitsc re fjuire, about five consecutive mile, of dock age may be cheaply constructed from the river bank to the" edge of the channel, riling Wing necessary but a short dis tance at any given point. The centr? 1 pejliou of the hnibor is just twelvii miles inside the Columbia river bar, On which there is twenty-four ieot of water at extreme low tide, and thirty-four at ordinaj'v high tide. After cixfesing the bar, the clentn hold still greater an the viy to Astoria, to that any vessel able to cross pin safely venture to our docks. About six miles above Ateria, at the com mencement of Cath lament bay is the hog's" hack, a barome quarter of a mjjn m length, with ten feet of water at low ana eighteen feet at high . tide. This is the mo'-t dangerous point on the river, and the mot slnltful pilots never attempt it- pas :'ftire in the nurlrt, either with sailorstca-ai. It is loimed of shifting sand.", deposited by j tiie meeting of the tide with the annual freshets of the "river, as Cuthlainct bay is ten miles lone up and down the river, and from seven to fourteen in width. Thus the waters of the river are so spread out that they lose their force, and the incoming tide washes the looc sand into irregular bais that change their position from year to year, and make dredging useless. Steamers are nearly always detained at Astoria, ibr tide to cross this bar, and should one arrive here, say at 12 m. when j high water occurred at io o'clock a. m. J she would have to wait until 11 a. m. the j next day, as she could not proceed on the high tide of the night. This bar ha been Known for years, but as the draft of steam ers and vessels now coming into the river Is greater than formerly, the difficulties are becoming more and more apparent. There is the following named depths of water at the points mentioned at high tide: "Walker's Islmid, 1 ft-for) mile belotr Rainier Can'sNVoodvaid u " " " above Kalama u " " Ft Helen 17ft.forJi " Mouth "vTallauict" " " Post OSieo 18 Swan Island... 17 The channel is often crooked, and diuV cult of navigation, and tli6 bar at tiie moutii of the "Willamette river is subject to annual dejwsts of sediment from back water of the Columbia. TTe iind that the carrying trade of Oregon is now chiefly done by vessels of light draft and small capacity. That these are subject to a tax of S per f.TOt draft as niletasre: from four to ten days' delay, and 300 to 400 towage, over ana uuove wnnt mhv wuuiu jiuvc to pay, did they receive and take in cargo at Astoria. A fair aveiage would be, -ay ix hundred tons capacity. Expenses would then be as follews: Pilotage 15 foot & 4 ui f 01 4i Id " " down M ix days demurrage fe 0 50 Towasre u; 17o doTrn .. 125 Total 7iS Equivalent to over four cents per bushel on the cargo of GOO tons outward bound. This is but a fraction of the expense to the State growing out of piesent arrangement of the arrivals and depatures by sea. By cureful inspection of the shipping registers, we find the average draft of all vessels now in use, ranging between 1,000 and 1,200 tons, to be 20)? foet, and the average -of all larger ones but 21 feet. "While a thousand ton ship ib lull larger than can reach Poitland,or any point above Astoria, loaded, on account of depth of water, a vessel of 3,000 tons can always cyme to Astoria, whatever the stage of water. Thus, with a point higher up on the river, the export trade must forever be carried on in sjnall vessels, while from here the shipping of the world inay com pete for freights. A ship of 3,000 tons can cany wheat from Astora to Liverpool for twenty cenfe .i bushel less than a 1,000 ten vessel can da from Portland, as the folio wing iigures fully demenstrate: A ship of 3,000 tons is worth $120,0(XH Interest, at 10 ? cent, for four months (average passage 4,000 Insurance at 12 V cont d,S60 Depreciation at 10 cent 4.U00 Laptain, three mates, stoward, and cook S160, S7o, SD0, $50, $-10. 10 V mon th... 1 , Twenty-four seam en , ;?25 i month 2,400 iriorcs for voyage, 30 men,at 5Ue day, 1,S0Q TOUT CHAfiGKS IX ASTORIA. I'ilotngs andlowags, 2v fget ( 510 20 Stevedores' bill, 3.UD0 tons & 40c 4,209 Dunnage 200 Port stores, etc "'- 2110 Tivtimnni. fimifil'Jv. Pilotflee and towaire, 21 feet (; $ld. 2-SO ToO. aoo 200 ?vrtvi. i;n 'i nnnfincte S (& 2oc and, dockago . r Tort stores!?.: . Total S.JWO.tnsioh!...1..-'? LH Bxoeoses deducted. 'IA ia'..y..y 22?tiKr '- balance $ 22,510 A ship of 1,000 tons is worthy .g... gO.OQP IntereMTat' l-Hfl-eiTt. .and lnsuraneecri v- - 12 ? cent, four mdnthV. -1,100 Depreciation at 10 cent 2,000 ags f month, for Captain SloU, two mates $l.tf,teward 5.7,and 12seamen at $ each Stores for 10 men at 50c 1 day 1'ORT CHAKCkS IV ASTORIA. Pilotage and towage, 1 feet S10 Port j-tore and dunnage Stevedore's bill, 1,000 tuns 50c LIVKXHOOL CUAUGSS. Pilotage and towage, 1 foot fi $10 Stevedore's bill 2-"o, harbor dues, ton nage duos and dockage - Port stoics 2,r,i0i UK) 200 500 190 630 100 , ! .S"v - Total expenses .s 11, SO Cextka: " By LOOM tons ai.Sl.5 Slo.000 Expenses deducted ll,7t0 Balance .. $ 3,270 Or, a dividend of 10 per cent, on cost of the larger ship as agaii)bt,5 per cent., on that of i. smalleri HDi--, to reduce" both to b ier cent., the 8,000 ton ship will carry wheat to Livenxxd for over a third less than agaiii the de'av and river expenses of 4 cents per bushel, and it gives a net gain of; 20 cents ier buhel-in iiivoVbt'Afctoria ti'an ex- ! porting harbor, and the employment of such vs&efe ascan, satelj7 cross the -bar. ovr the "escnt airan gement of Portland and small -rebiels. twenty cents per buh-l n the e-timateu crop of the State for 173. viz: 5,O0U,iKH) bu-heK, Igives the snug little ,um of t-,000,UU0thttt tlieiiirm er should have ior his labor. The above figures aie all substantially coirect, and tell their own story. , , It may Ije said that several large vessels have loaded at Portland, but the Ciitom House rooojcls. siiow that of the twenty essels named below, coinprising all the vesele of an v size that have sailed, from the river with wheat,, from a fourth to over one-half of the eargo was brought down to 'Astoria in steamboats and here put on board. And yet these record- are more favorable to ,thef city of Portland than the facts justify, for tfife reason that in a number of instances, two or three himdrnl ton- wa- cleared from the Port land Custom Honse as being on board when in iact it was in lighters and steam ers alongside of the ship, and towed down to Astoria before being placed on the ves sel. List of vessels, oxnortine- wheat from I Oregon, flowing amount ofhushels taken on at Astoria ana Ir erttaud: Chop ok 1872. 1S71 Shins. tne 1,000 ton vesel; .that is 2y (ccnts ist 'io cents per ousnei. aou tcr un co-t a- aboVe h;ured. mciaenuil to !?-!' .July ll..tAiiie M. Small 7,J'7J!t2,l2 l.r),220l 1,21 7,.S3M 20,if22 7,71 22J77 V91 -W;-K 7.17.).2J,'MMr J. 7481 3,300 10,177J2,HI1 Oct. . lL-JManilla. UJNavigator " 11- Kleetra. ' lL'Loek Ue. Nov. 7. . Sin in " 14..'Foi-wal, (bbls oi ilour). 41 2L. KedDeer. J 30.. Graffiea Dec. J 1.. Zouave " 1 7.. pf a worth 41 IS.. Channel Light Jl,9722,mo 2,o0o 17,170 8,406 21,755 1S73. I Jan. 161.1 Victoria Xyanza I 0,3. ilSOO Feb. 1 Whittington. ,. I1,i?y0 31,ol - " S.. Felix Mendelsohn 11,573 :m " 17 Sai-ah Seotx. l,2" :X,U(X) 4 20.. Hwwell Spi-ague S,812 :5, March S Illione. ),0r hu,oh 44 10 Carribon 7,70.1 ,-J8 1 1 Vctori. Cro . , 3,S2S 2-J.:?12 Again, deep sea va-eels never like t5 ' leave the salt water. Coaster are willing"! to steamboat u, but large vessels avoid steamboat grounds. In fact, the under- writers do not allow deep sea ves-els to venture from their natural element at will. The striking of a vessel on aivy -of the bars of the river, even if no immediate damage is discovered, is sumeient cause to render null anil void the policy of insur ance, snouia sue take m cargo ana pro ceed to sea without being put on the dry dock and having her bottom examined. Should a ship be lost under ueh circum stances, not a dollar of insurance could be collected on the ve-scl, and if the owners were responsible, the underwriters upon the eargo would hold them for the value thereof. Hence large vessels will never be induced to undertake the navigation of the bars of the Columbia above Astoria. jSTow as to the safety of the Columbia rivef. Exact date is wanting of the whole number of vesseK that have crossed the bar, hut from certain periods dining which the data is complete, we are enabled to approximate very closely, and set the number down at an average of five hun dred a year for the last twenty-one 3rears, or since 1852. The ibllong is a com plete list of all the ioses or wrecks that have occun-ed on the bar since 1S52, which year may be considered the beginning of wisdom as regards the channels, currents, cgc, on ui uuuut, uiu mu Barks JMcndora, and Merrithew, lost January 12th, 1S53, Game in without pilots, wind tailed p.fter getting in, and they drifted ashore. Bark Oriole, lost September 19th, 1S53. Brig Detroit, lostDec. 22, 1S55, on outer pit. Going out at night. Bark Desclemona, lost Dec. 31st, 1S56. Came in without a pilot, ran on sands six miles inside. Schooner Woodpecker lost Alay 10, 1S61, four miles inside. Baik Indubtiy, lost March 16, 1SG5, coni- in a- in without a nilot. Tim-lr "W 1 KcmpI Seranton, lost May 5th, 1SC7. Only eight vessels in twentj--one years. Bight out of 10,500. One out of 1,312, or one-thirteenth of one per cent, of the ship ping oonling into the river. Of this number, four were coming, in Avithout pilots. It futher appears thatnear ly eVery los during the tim'd under r&veiw, was the result not ofaroqigh bar, but of the wind failiruzafilcr the Y6sel had crossed thusleavingherto drift on the' sand. It ako teemstliaeachlos of-vessels ccmine' in occurred when-they vere saiinlg against. "L !?? jU lightered more than the amount credited above. lur'uuitruciiiiruu i-uir w lu tu liiuii rtiiiui iXtiSL f'KI 1IU -'4 tM t of course there could be no rescue. It, is safetosayTthat, had there 'been a tuvg'at band, even- vessel thus iivr lost on the bar might have heed saved. Sinco theplacing of the tug Astoria upon the bar, or pilot grounds in I860, theiehasbeennoloss,-and with proper care on thepait of tug and pi!ots,,thercneed be none for many years? to come. These- facts warrant us in mak ing the bold assertion, that there is no barr-,j ed harbor known to commerce, where the percentage of loss is so small and few, if auy; open harbors that can show so lab a record' The currents and prevailing winds are such, and the land marks sd well deiined, that at a time when it is un- saie to cross the bar. vessels outside can readily keep off, and wait a suitable time to -enter. And .there is good holding grounds but a few hundred rods inside ibr vessels bound out? to anchor, and select from the sopt their own time to pass out; Less fcrouble is experienced from fogs at the Columbia, than either to the noriQi or naith, as they are not frequent, and are much less dense. owing3 no doubt, ,to the presence of ajrial currents, resulting from jjpculiar physical conformations. The channel is di-tinctly bouyed out, and lighted 'by a first class light-house ori Cape Disappointment, where is established a life saving station by Government, with all the necessary facilities for rendering aid in ease of accident on the bar. Gov ernment lias also made an appropriation for a light hpuse at Point Adams, and preparations aie going forward for com mencing the work at once. The commerce fOrecon has hereto fore been.jaxcd by underwriters far above the proper and reasonable Tate. But; as the rate of insuarancc is made up from a knowledge of the actual pro rata of los incident to a given harbor, when such data is to be had, or guessed at from gen oral impressions, in the absence of reliable information, there jeems no good reason uhy, if the above lacts are laid before the various marine underwriters of the land, the discrimination against the Columbia river bar should not bo" removed, and our insurance had at a fair rate, much less than is now imposed. Another important point gained by making Astoria the exporting harbor, would be the employment of home capi tal in the river tranportation, instead of foreign, or outside, as is now done. The ?uestiou is now never raised about Sandy look bar ? at the entrance of New York harbor, being too shallow and rough for the extensive and profitable employment of ail classes of vessels, yet there is live feet more water on the Columbia river bar at high tide, than there is on Sandy Hook at a corresponding stage of water. But, to conclude, it is evident that the 'class of vessels required to carry the suplus pro ducts of Oregon to a foreign market, at a price consistent with the cost of production, must stop at the mouth of the 'Columbia river. Therefore, it is a simple problem of whether Oregon will build up and main tain a seaport town worthy oi a great State, within her own borders, or wliether such a rjlace will be sustained on Pugut Sound, or California, at an annual cost of One-fourth the agricultural,, wealth of the State. The committee are under obligations to ZVIr. YanDusen, !Mr. Hare, Collector of Customs, and the Pilots, ibr valuable in formation, ltespectfuily submitted, J. H. D. Gray, A. SLercek, AV. W. jrARKEit, Committee. Astoria, May 31, 1873. COLUMBIA lira PILOTS! f: P. JOHNSON, H. A. SNOW, P. E. FERCUDL M. M. GILMAN, G.REED, C.S. WRIGHT, Agent. GST Office Corner of Main and Chenamus streets, Atoi in, Oregon. - Oregon Stearn avu Co. &TOTICE Boats of tho 0. S. i.i N. Company will leave As- & toria as follows : FOR PORTLAND, and intermediate points Tuesday, 'lhmday.and Saturday Mornings, at li o'clock. Returning, leave Pertland: FOR ASTORL, and intormediato iints On Monday, ednesday and Friday Mornings, at o'clock. J. C. A1NSWORTH, Pres The Steam Tug Varuna "Will leave Astoria every TUESDAY asi bATUHDAY Morning, for FORT STEVENS, CAPE DISAPPOINTMENT, ' And UNITY, Carrying Mails, Passengers and Freight. 1S2Q Other days of the week he will bo ready to go anywhoio that business may justify. Is prepared to lighter cargoes, fi eight, hay, cattle and wood. J . H. 1). GitA 1 Agent, Astoria. loat BU x: f && V. V. BOUTON Is prepared to build Boats of all sizes and descriptions either of EASTERN or HOME MATERIALS, At 2Jss i3ixa2! San Francisco "Prices ! Freight deducted. Orders left at tho Astorlyx Office, or addressed to the undersigned, will re ceive attention V W BOUTON, Unity, T IvLASKANINE PACKET. From and after July lstl873,tho A No 1, fast sailing Sloop . , - BliUS BACER, S EUGENE BlibOK Master, Willjdv ' regulai-ly'botYveen Astoria and Klas kanine, kaVingovory Tuesday and Saturday. xfesirotlice at tho Uxiok House-, Astoria. 'H. FOR CHARTER. : The Fast Sailing m TL gyrus RiriTVF!mv.M a ; i ..Maste'f.' llfcifr inTiiow in.readinoss.to,(lharter'fnr 1 . Pleasure Partie,J "EfeTglit of Passengers ! Head-iuarters at Case's Landing. ASXOjil'jWiiiTlSEamivjrrsfT EHtablLsltdl in Astoria in 1S49. NEW GOODS: ' CHEAP, GO0DS; S T7 fi &7 T TT 21 V LIX 3J V &J& "Wholesale and Retail Dealer in GENERAL MERCHANDISE, ' ' Corner of Main and Chenamus streets, f ASTORIA, OREGON. TS OW OFFERING FOR SALE ONE OF JL tho largest and most comploto assortments of (toneral Meichandio over beforo brought to the country, and to buyers or Cash will offer the Most Flaliering iRducements In tho line of DRY-GOODS, CLOTHING, , IIATS, AND CAPS, , - KOOTS A "NTH sTTTi BOOTS AND SHOES FA STCY GOODS, , LM5IES' DRESS GOODS, , JxENTS' FURNISHINGS? A Complete Stoelt of Every Article, TOO NUMEROUS TO MENTION. afirTGivo'mc a call, and bo convinced that lny goods are of tho best quality, and as cheap as can bo bought of any liouso in the State. A. VAN DUSEN. MRS. A. S. MERCER, Teaciier of Prof. E. A. Roruins' Aurisai I ,4.b,l Vn "n,rt T1r-, ur rictiiu t un Alse: Harmony and Thoroughbase! a-The ONLY CONCISE SYSTEM which will stand Artistic Criticism, and furnish tho material upon which every oducated Teacher can base their own peculiarities of instruction, it presents in a new light, busodupon Natu ral Laws, the art of Execution, and Science of Music xWTRooms at Residence, Astoria"U S- KSKSSY, DRUGGIST AND APOTHECARY. Astoria, Oregon. PHYSICIANS AND FAMILY PRESCRIP tions filled from the" PUREST DRUGS, either ait day or night A full stock of y YINES AND LIQUORS, FOR MEDICAL. USE, PATENT MEDICINES, TOILET ARXinO.ES, . OILS BETTSHES, ETC., Orders from tho Country solicited, and carefully and promptly filled. A. J. D0XALD60X. ' GUAXVILLE RKED. DONALDSON &.RSED, Dealers in all kinds of FRESH AND CURED MEATS, CANNED FRUITS, VEGETABLES. FRESH BEEF, PORK, MUTTON, VEAL, HAMS, BACON AND'LARD, MESS BEEF AND I ORK, Kr Constantly on hand. flB" Special attention paid to supplyingships. Holladay's wharf, A.toiia. H. B PARKER, Importer and Dealer in "TWO VJLi t-i'n -.i Sll VX Jli 1C& iiiquors. ulnars s?5 TOBACCO, . GROCERIES, PROVISIONS, Etc., Etc aar Holladay's Wharf, Main street, Astbria.r J. W. CEARHAR ina 3 COMMISSION MERCHANT, Chenarrnis street, Astoria. Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Hay Grain and Feed ! A GENERAL ASSORTMENT of Croceries, FLOU K , B AC( N , HAMS, SHOULDERS, LARD, BUTTER, CHEESE, EGGS, Etc. Motto" Small Profits on Cash Sales." Con signments solicited. tf . Oregon Bakery. Main St., (Holladay's Wharf,) Astoria, Oregon. CHARLES HINDER, Proprietor. TfSRESIt BREAD, CAKES, PIES, CRACK Su ers and Pilot Broad, always on hand. A RESTAURANT Is kept in connection with the Bakery, where meals can be piocured at all hours. KwrOysiors in every stylo in tho 3oasQn."a Astoria bakery, Corner of Main and Cass streets, Astoria. HENRY JACOBS Proprietor. EREAD, CRACKERS, PTLOT BREAD, , Cakos.Grpcei'ios and Prowions of all kinds always on hand. Ship stores furnished. KSU Connected with tho establishment is a Reading Room. Cigars and Lagor Boer served. ; WERGNANCITASkdtlV' x! Corner of Main UndiJjbfXer4on tsrTob',LCsbna. GLOTIIING OF made to oidor. ALL KINDS CUT AND Cleaning and repairing. ASTORIA ADVERTISEMENTS. Headquarters ! Headquarters ! . , V . . .." r IVholesalo and Retail Dealer in. Brj Goods, ClelhiRg, Encerles, Provisions,. Soiioiis, - i . And General Hercha-ndise; WISHES TO ANNOUNCE 'O JXHE B- lie that ho has a'very supqrior.&ntt vejl seloctedStock of Goods in the above line, be- -sides which may bo found in great variety, tho best quality of ' ' ' J CROCKERY, GLASSWARE. . HATS-VND CAPS, , V .A ROOS AND SHOES, . . . . - RLANXETSELlNNjEiC'&i, "Which is behaaoffer8.d -.. Chcai3 FOR CASH or PRODUCE ! i3p Having had ydars of exporienco I think I know tho wants of the people, and as this stock is noarer complete and embraces a GREATER VARIETY than any other stock in Clats6p counts, I will guarantee that you will do as well, if not bettor, by trading with me thn at any other establishment. j iVS" Having reduced my expenses materially of late I propose to givo my customers tho bonefit of tho roduction, and any person who doubts whether I will sell as cheap as any ono FOR CASH! can b conrineed by giving me a call at Headquarters, " Case's Corner," Chena mus street, Astoria. l. . (j. Occident Hotel Block, Astoria, "Wholesalo and Retail Dealer in CHoice Brand. Liquors ! The Finest in the Market CONSTANTLY ON HAND I Which will bo sold in lots to suit purchasers OCCIDENT HQTE&; S. N. ARRIGONI , PRomiETOR. Astorict, Oi'Ggon. THE BEST FURNISHED, MOST, CONVE nient and in every respect popular hotel in Oregon. Owing to its location it is considered A Very Bcliglitfnl SuBimor Kcsort. asrMagnificont SuiCs of Rooms for families. Tho table is supplied with,tho choicest delica cies of the season. Wine and Billiard Room attached to the Hgtol. ' . 2Sofc, Cold, imd-Sliower Batlis 3 AT OCCIDENT HOTEL, HATH DRESSING SALOON VYM. UlELENHART PROPRIETOR. , nsy Special attention paid tc-LADIES1 nd,. VU1L.DK ISA'S 11A1K CU'LTliNG v&T Private Entrancofor Ladies "SHt U. S. MAIL AND EXPRESS. From Astoria io Clatsop Beacli I' East HORSES ! Good CARRIAGE ! T EAVES .ASTORIA EVERY TUESDAY, AJ Thursday and Saturday Mornings. ' 4 Arrive Same Mornings at tho OCEAN HOUSE, ' GRIMES HOUSE, f' '. SUMMER HOUSE, - And SEA SIDE HOUSE. RETURNING Learejs those Kouse3 overjx Monday, W'odnosday and Friday, connecting with steamer to Portland each way. VfW Distance twenty-four miles, faro Si 50. 11. B. fARKEK, Proprietor. M. MEYERS ASTORIA BREWERY r WAVING ALL THE MACHINERY NEC alA. ossary for first class work, skillful BreYvoi-s, and using none but the best quality of materi als, the Proprietor is piopared to Vlanufhctirre XjAGER BEER ! In any quantity, from a Single Bottle to a BAKKEJU; AND PCT IT UP in good con dition for .Shipment or Immediate use. 'Fami lies and keepers of Public Houses promptly and regularly supplied. M MEiTElt, 1'iop'r Astoria Market Chenamus Street Astoria. HOBSON & WARREN, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in all kinds of Fresh and Cured Sweats! Butter, Eggs, Cheese, 'Mains, Bacon and Lard! ear Canned Fruits and Vegetables constant ly on hand. Ships supplied at lowest rates.t) ha. shavvc&son; House, Sign and Steamboat Painters, Astoria, ORKfcfox. ' '' J3f' P.aper, Hanging an! Glazing Ba Done to Order with Neatness and Dispatch!' I05wbv T?t'f.'uixuZA icavr &i m& -a ' " Baths! aiSatiis! i?ABraraaiY',!,v C.LE1NENWEBER.1 H.BROWN, iPRO-fBIRTORS. 0" Manufacture all kindb of Leather S N 'f .ji &