V
h
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WEEKLY
STATESMAN & UNIONIST
IS.-M.Tin EVEIlT JRIDAT.
8. A. CLAKKE7puMlsher.
IT. S. OFFICIAL PAPER.
BPBCRIPTION Per annum, S3 60; mo.$lJ50
DAILY STATESMAN AND UNIONIST.
Published every morning- except Mondny.
Babjprlptlon, by the year, S3 0(. Advertising, per
square of one ineh, per month, $2 00.
AiiTertisenn-nU in IUn-T and Wzsklt, $3 per sq.
of one Inch per month. , . ,
Remittances may be made by mail, at the rink ef
the publisher, if mailed in the presence of the Post
master. tSrO!fj-e In gtewart'i Brick Building, Cp Stairs
UnriOX RCPCBLICAIT CONVEN
TION OF OREGON.
The Union Republican voters of tbe State of
Orepon will meet at the city of Portland, at 10
o'clock: a. m. on Thursday, the 7th day ol
April, f8r0, in Delegate Convention, for the
pnrpoee of placing in nomination a State Tick
et to be supported at the approaching election
in June, and the transaction of anch other
business as shall properly corae before said
Convention.
Connties will be entitled to delegates as fol
lows :
Baker..'. 7 Lane 12
Benton 10 Linn 18
Clackamas 12 Marion .......21
Clatsop 3 Mnltnomah .520
Coos 4 V..lk 11
Carry 2 Tillamook 2
Columbia.... ..... 2 TTtnatilla. ... ... 5
Douglas l'J t;iiim 6
Grant.... 7 Washington. 9
Jackson...... .....10 Wasco 6
Josechine -1 Yamhill .11
The Committee recommend that the County
Convention or, tUs?W'in f.JeVgutes be
held on. Sutnrday, the 2tiih of March, 170.
By order of the State Centr'iil Committee.
U. P. KERRY, Chairman.
T. It. OntKEAX, Secretary.
Portland, January IU. 1S70. ,
Congratulatory.
"We improve the opportunity and we
trust neither our motives or our actions
will be misconstrued to congratulate
tbe Hon. Ben. Hayden, the renowned
" Tiger of Polk," on the fact that a
prominent county, east of tbe mountains,
a Union county in fact, and in fact Union
county itself, has, wish the calmness and
deliberation that comes from deppondency
and despair, recognized bis great Demo
cratic qualities and instructed its dele'
gates to "go. for" him for Governor.
Whether this action is based on the well
known fact that " drowning men catch at
straws," or that Democracy recognised
the necessity to "go for" (gopher) a
candidate whose Democracy is apparent
in garb and feature, we know not and
care not. What we do know is, that the
Lion of Linn is no longer the Helm-sman
of that county, for he went out of sight
a few days since, at the County Conven
tion. Tbe Tiger of Polk seemed to be a
friendless animal also, lor he couldn't ob
tain a recognition in Po'.k, and was much
disgusted with tbe goings on in Mariona
We feared the prominent animals were
"played out," and the Democratic show
would have to wind up; butlo, and be
hold, the Tiger of Polk has found friends
in Union, and with him left as a starter,
there is hope that the menagerie can be
preserved and the shew business still
go on.
Papal Infallibility, according to a late
writer at Rome, resolves into a much less
arrogant preteosion that was at first ex
pected. The leading powers of Europe
have made emphatic protest against Papal
assumption and presumption, supposing
that the doctrine. of. infallibility would.
include temporal as well as spiritual af
fairs, but a compromise may be effected
eo that it will only refer to matters of
faith in which the Pope ia virtually su
preme, no official of the Roman Church
ever daring to assert himself against any
ntternoce of the Pontiff. The writer re
ferred to says:
It is not for me to mention beforehand
tbe precise terms in which tbe canon of
infallibility will be promulgated, but I
believe tbe substance will be this: The
Holy Synod declares that it is essential to
to the unity and good government of the
Church to believe that when the Pontiff,
after having invoked the light of the
Holy Spirit, speaks on matters of -faith,
he expresses tbe mandate which tbe Di
vine Master delivered to Peter when He
said, "Strengthen thou tby brethren in
the faith, when tbou thyself ebalt have
been confirmed therein." I have reason to
believe that many bishops who would
have desired to set aside the considera
tion of the sobjecS have shown them
selves disposed to eapport it in the furra
I have indicated. So far as concerns the
Catholic powers, it is evident that thus
limited exclusively to matters of faitb,
the infallibilty of the Pope, vlLig
applicable JU the relations between
- Church and State, cannot travoke tbe
conflicts dreaded from the proclamation
of such a dogma.
Tax Hxbo or Polk. We confess to
having done less than justice to tbe dis
tinguished ' subject of a late editorial
notice, in insinuating that he might be
without honor" in his own county. The
result of the late County Convention
shows that the Tiger of Polk is the most
rampant animal of tbe day, and we de
sire to improve tbe first opportunity to
recant our unbelief and do full justice
to this most -renowned and successful
member of . the Democratic menagerie
We had terrible Recounts of the frightful
beast which was slain over in Polk only
a few weeks ago; but this animal, to the
regular County Tiger, was no more than
a camp fire to a volcano. We understand
that Ben sa'iiLhe would not be a candi
date before tbe State Convention for
Governor, because he had no more show
than a Digger Indian, therefore he stands
for the Legislature.
The Herald hopes that the Union Co.
Democratic Resolutions wilt be adopted
by tbe State , Convention to-morrow.
These resolutions are ia substance that:
The doctrine cf State Rights is not dead;
the President and Congress are denounc
ed; tbe Fifteenth Amendment ought to be
resisted; the negro, Indian 'and Chinese
are inferior to the white man; "tbe peo
ple ought .never to submit to be -saddled
, with a permanent public debt." but Con-
gress ought to help us build our rail
roads. Now if that is not a nice dish of
sense and nonsense to be dignified by the
name of principles, what next? -
Jim Hendershot writes to the Herald
that Eastern Oregon is entitled to some of
the nominations. "But give a milk and
cider platform, with thins tor our stand
acd-bearers, , who, in the dark days of
Democracy, (tuck their tongues in a gim
let hole, for fear they would say some
thing, nd well we would vote for
themr but it would be a bitter pill." Of
course you will.? It would be a very bit
ter pill that a well trained Democrat would
sot swallow under the party lash.
VOL. 19.
The Indian Dreamer
Daring last month, it became necessary
for Mr. Meacham, as Superintendent of j
Indian Affairs, to traverse the desolate
region on the Upper Columbia, to visit a
band of Indian renegades who have been j
collecting there for many years past, un
der the leadership of Smoke-eller, who,
though not a chief, was a leading man
of the Walla Wallas at the time when the
treaty was made with re-Fe-Mox-Mox in
1855, and left the council, which agreed
to it, in high dudgeon, because that re
nowned chief silenced him when he de
sired to express his sentiments on that
occasion. The incensed Siwash left and
has never complied with the terms of the
treaty then made, nor put a foot on tbe
Reservation. A few Indians followed him
then, and others have come to Priest's
Rapids, where be ."established himself,
and made up a following of about 300
men, women and children, who own him
as both a temporal and spiritual leader.
Smoke-eller has several titles ; his most
powerful one being tranlated, Big-Talk-on-Four-Mountains,
while the most com
mon title accorded him is that of Great
Dreamer, a name under which he has be
come widely known among all the Indian
tribes west of the Rocky Mountains, and
even to those living down in Nevada and
New Mexico. A new system has sprung
up under his leadership, and organiza
tions are formed among the tribes living
through tbe wide regions alluded
to, some of them secret and some pro
claimed openly, so that the followers of
the Great Dreamer have become numer
ous, their faith being that a new and re
generating era has commenced, and that
the dreams of Smoke-eller form a revela
tion of a good time coming for the lied
men of the West.
Smoke-eller and Lis band had become
dangerous, from the fact that his teach
ings were diaorganizing and calculated to
make the Indians feel independent of the
lawa and authority of the Government.
His system is peculiar, and, ia fact, sen
sational, forming a qranch, apparently,
of the great spiritual theory of the day.
Smoke-eller is, in truth, a Great Dreamer,
and pretends to be governed by spiritual
influences. Spirits surround him in his
dreams; four women and two children,
more beautiful in form and feature than
Indians ever know of, save in dreams.
He0 is able to throw himself into
a trance state at will, when these
spirits form a circle around him. and re
veal to him the past history of tbe Red
man, the rise and fall of the race, and
cheer him up with the encouraging as
surance that the Bostons have had their
day, and that the Red men will soon
again rise and prosper and own the earth.
This religion, which originated at Priest's
Rapids, has spread ibrongn tbe tribes of
Oregon and the West, winning many con
verts, and causing an entire infatuation
among its votaries. Ia imitation of the
Bible, the Koran and the Book of Mor
mon, Smoke-eller has bis revealed things
written down. The first page of the In
dian Bible contains, a3 frontispiece, a
vermilion daub of the six spirits who
minister to the Dreamer and are tbe au
thors of the Bible. The book consists of
symbol and signs, some of which be un
derstands, and which give the past rise
aad decadence of the Indian tribes, and
a code of laws. While "many of these
writings, which were exwuied by biui at
the Order, or inspiration of his spiritual
advisers, are still beyond his comprehen
sion Now we do not mean to certify that
Snekt-tUtr has these visions and dreams
these dreams, or that he has really be
tmftirrd to write this book : but we have
gien his story, end his pretentionsnnet
f 'ass for what tbey are worth. H has,
however, a corps of workers who also
dream, and exhort, and claim to bold
forth, as do our more civilized trance lec
turers, Ibout personal volition, but im
polled by . superior influences. v These
speeches are described as wierd, fanati
cal and wonderful for their wild and bril
liant imagery and fiery eloquence y and
the religious services of their Sabbath
(for they have a Sabbath, and keep it sa
credlj, and it corresponds with ours,) are
sometimes prolonged for ten or twelve
hours.' No work, or hunting, or fishing,
can be done on the sacred day, but the
people meet in the Council Lodge and ex
erciaes commence with barbaric music,
consisting of the beating of eight to
dozen -drums, the singing of wierd and
unearthly Indian songs, while the con
gregatcd savages engage in a frightful
dance, all of which, with the accompani
ment of beads,' feathers and skins, and'
the most gorgeous of Indian parapher
nalia, not excepting aTl possible disfigura
tions with paint, forms a scene easier seen
than told. The above described deviltry
always winds up with a horrible yell, in
which, men, women and children join.
Then a hand bell rings and the audience
Is seated, and pipes are lit and smoked,
after which, some , entranced exhorter
takes the floor, and holds all listeners en
thralled by'force of unearthly eloquence r
and then the drums beat again, and the
singing, dancing and yelling commence
anew, to be followed by repeated exhor
tations. ''"""'" ';
: The object of the Superintendent In
making this wia&r journey was, to re
quire of Smokt-eUer and his band, that
they should comply with the terms of the
treaty made with their tribes in 1855, aad
accept a residejee upon the Umatilla Re
servation. , It is" always safe to convince
an Indian, in time, of white supremacy t
and rery likely it was necessary to show
the Drtamer that however he my see
visions and dream 'dreams, the fact of
Indian supremacy i not 'to be realised
in the present time. . We shall continue
the account of Great Dreamer and give s
discription of the way the Superintendent
was received, for the subject is interest
ing in various particlars, not more ia the
result attained than as an illustration of
the fact that some modern theories exist
beyond the sphere of civilized life, -and
that the leading features of Spijitualiem
are developed where tbe civilized modern
manifestation are unknown. The glimpse
afforded of savage life under this new as
pect is interesting to the philosopher and
must prove attractive to the moat. casual
reader.
4
IXPEDITIOH FROM WALICX. :
It was the last week in February, just
passed, when Superintendent Meacham,
with Lieut. Boyl, Agent at the Umatilla
Reservation, and sufficient men and ani
mals to make up the party required for a
winter expedition, crossed the Columbia
river at Wallula and struck across the
desolate region, in a straight line for
Priest's Rapids. So far as the journey
lay along tbe liver, the road was rocky
and difficult, and when it left the river for
a more direct route, it lay through re
fions of rolling land, almost destitute of
water, where the weary stretches of
travel lay through sage-brush deserts,
treeless and devoid of natural charm. At
this inhospitable season, it lacked the ad
vantage of spring and summer climate.
Smoke eller and his company seemed to
have been aware of their coming, andlo
have kept a constant espionage upon
them, for when they reached a point on
the river, ten miles below the Indian vil
lage, they were met by runners from the
Great, Dreamer, who informed the Super
intendent that Smoke-eller requested him
to remain in camp at that spot till Monday
morninir, (it was then Saturday evening)
for he desired to observe the Sabbath in
a proper manner, and would not be able
to receive bis distinguished visitors until
it had passed. The real reason probably
was tbat tbe preparations were not yet
complete, and the pain of a day was very
important to enable bim to prepare and
arrange for the occasion. ,
THE GREAT DREAMER IS COUNCIL.
Oa Monday, when the journey was
completed, and the party having crossed
the river, found themselves at the Indian
village, they were invited to enter the
great council house, erected for the occa
sion, in which the whole Indian popula
tion were gathered, save one man who
acted as sentinel'and door-kcper. This
council house is described as being one
hundred feet long, perhaps twelve feet
wide, aod high enough to admit of easy
passage through its length. They were
detained -a moment at the door, certain
movements being in progress within, timed
to the- ringing of a hand bell, but nt last
signal was given, understood by the
outside Benryt, who threw opn the door
and the party entered, to find each side
lined with a row of men, while behind
were ranged all the women and children
of the place.. All that was possible of
Indian grandeur was achieved on this oc
casion, iboraen were dressed iruttios
and feathers. The waviDg plume plucked
from eagle, hawk, crow and wild fowl ;
tbe elaborate embroidery with beads, and
display ot ornaments, was equipage
enough, but tbe affair was made sensa
tional by the free use of pjaint, ranging
from countenances powdered with flour
to others stained with vermiaoo.
.Entering this awaiting presence, the
party proceeded dowa the long file of
faces, phasing bands with all the men,
until tney reached the other end, where
Smoke-eller himself stood to receive them
a man of five feet, eight inches, with
broad shoulders and a striking physiog
nomy, bead of uncommon size, and mas
sive forehead, cenotiDg moral-power and
more tnan common intellect. i'assine
down the other side, the Superintendent
and Agent continued the process of shak
ing hands nu til reaching the entrance
when, at ice ringing of a ceil, each war
rior, hunter aud horse thief, whose
plumt-d head nodded in the front rank
sank to the ground, and tbe women and
children"' stood stretching forward their
hands, from behind, to greet tbe strangers!
There wa3 something very impressive;
in tbe way the greetings were given, as
all the children participated in it, and the
mothers who Eiood with babes in their
arms, eves placed tbe little hand of the
infant within tbe palm of tbe white man.
The ceremony completed, at the signal of
the bell the ranks formed again, and the
party were led to the further end, where
a seat of honor was prepared for Super
intendent Meacham. A chair, covered
with red blankets, having been prepared,
on raised platform, for his occupancy,
white 'Smoke eller occupied a less exalted
seat at his side.
SPEECH OF SMOKK-ELLEU THE DREAMER
Behind the seats pf the chief person
ages was a back -ground of white muslin,
calculated to produce an enlivening ef
fect upon the tableaux in the fore-ground
as a contrast with tbe scarlet blanke's
Against this back ground were piled tbe
Indian drums ; beside the Superintendent
were two secretaries, with pen and paper
at hand, prepared to take down the de
tails of tbe conference, each with the
bead of a drum before bim for a writing
table, i here were tbe inevitable inter
preters, who translated between tbe lead
ing speakers, while each sentence tbat
was uttered, was yet again repeated to
the listening lines of savages beyond,
from the brazen throat of an Indian
spokesman, who stood by thecbieiV, look
ing toward the crowd be was to address
All things being thus done, decently and
in order, Smoke-eller opened the confer
ence, not Foeaking entranced and by tbe
aid of spirits, n is to be supposed, but in
his own proper person, as Big Indian, on
the occasion. The conference opened
with a reception speech from Smoke-eller
who, with all imaginable courtesy, gave
a greetiug to the visitors, assuring them
ia the figurative style common to Indian
eloquence, that be was glad to see a white
chief WiWQ bis lodge ; be bad longed for
the day when this should happen, for he
recognized that all wisdom comes from
the East; that the civilization of the
while man was superior to that of the
Red men, and now, in the broad light of
the sun, the white man had come to his
lodge and he was welcome." He explain
ed the, meaning of the elaborate hand
shaking ceremony, as follows : "My
people have put their hearts ,'. in
their hands, the women and even
the ! little children have put their
hearts in their bands, and, you have put
your heart in your hand, and when the
bands met tbe hearts met also " V
r The : Superintendent answered him.
with words tf good will ; explaining tbat
the Government he represented was only
; nxious fdr the good of the) Indians, and
desired to make thfta happy ; reminding
Smoke-eller and his people that the treaty
of 1855, ia which be waa represented, re
mained unfilledand If they expected to
derive any benefit from it, they most com
ply with the terms before the time er
The Indian chief made his remarks
with great ease of gestures, wearing, at
the close of every paragraph, courteous
smile that was affability itself. He was
an arcb old I dissimulator for -all ' hia
smoothness, and despite Jus mysterious
character and; spreading influences was
to be considered as a remarkably bad In
dian, politie, crafty and mighty uncertain,
., -: , -V , .... ........ ... , .,
SALEM, OREGOjSY
The rejoinder of the. chiof was ve;v ,
eloquent. Smoke-eller said . the Gre5
Spirit above was their father, bu thu
earth beneath their feet was their MO'her;
they were born here and s" ha nurstl
them as the had nursed their fa berg, and
when they died they expected ii go back
nto her bosom and be bnned. whiie 4bc;r
spirits would go L to the Cre-t Fether of
Spirits. : This land was theirs; the Great
Spirit had given it to them ; had
branded jt as theirs, and had run a star
over it. While other Hods brought forta
rich fruits and bore fertile fields, this had j.
only the barren sage-brush, which con
tained game and the river which bore
fisb for tbe Indians, and it was good for
no one else. ' - "' :"'
Between' the speeches tbs Chief and .
Superintendent held : conversation to
gether, and by the ringing of bis belli
Smoke-eller would summon an attendant ,
to bring water or furnish pipes, and after ;
partaking of these, the peblic exercises
would be resumed. , ; ,
Smoke eller laid all his powers cut when ;
he recited the above, that by a!T.r atcraj
rights the country was tbcirt, junt;threw 1
in a saving clause, that he faitrappreeU
ated the great wisdom which the white
man had brought from the East; and de
sired that his people should profit y it ;
but they denied being bound by tbe re-
Pe-mox-mox treaty, and VLie wl,!ey chief
added : " You have seen all our hearts,
for I have shown them to you. I am only
voice, but ". speak for my people, and
what I say they think."
A CHAKQB IN THE PHOOSAMMK.
It became necessary for Mr. Meacham
to bring the argument to close quarters,
so be replied that there was po law higher:
than the Government, and part of tbe,
law consisted of tbe very treaty which
tbey denied, but which be could prove
they and their people were bound by
whatever they might say to the contrary.''
It remained for theni to decide, and to
decide quickly, whether they would do as
the treaty bound them, or if they would
wait until the soldiers of tbe Government
come to compel them; there was no other
question, and they must decide aod do it
soon. .
This conclusive and forcible style of'
oratory greatly dismayed Smoke-eller, who
said it made his heart sick, but be eould
not decide and accept the term3. There
bad accompanied the expedition, a Chief
of the Umatillas, named Kal-i-lan : a
right down earnest, hard-working and en
lightened savage, who had too much
practical business to manage to spare
time to do tbe j work of a chief, aud so
transacted that duty by deputy, making
and breaking chiefs at' will. Aal-t-tan is
wealthy ; owns several thousand head of
horses ; has oxen and cows, and pigs and ;
chickens : farms eighty acres ot land oa
the Umatilla; lives in a double log bouse;
hires Indian work-hands and works hard
himself. He is, of course, considerably
reconstructed ; sends all the children of
his three wives to school, and, on account
of these great qualities, was taken along '
in tbe hope that be would talk sense into
the renegade hordes at rnest 3 Uapids.
As tbe closing act of the council, Kal-i-tan
made a speech, whicaanisbed through
the long council ball like a tempest, tor '
the speaker had powerful lungs. He told
what fools they were ; compared hfe on
the Reservation to their life ; told what
benefit tbe change would accomplish
for ibera, and wound up with some
sketches of personal history that must
one man a horse thief, and another a
rogue, and showing that a general grade
of meanness was cultivated in the vicin
ity of Priest's Rapids.
, THE wind tip. i
The party left while , Kal-i-ian was
speaking, at.d lizard his voice still rag'.ng
when tbey crossed they river.. The effect
of that speech, , added to the preceding
remarks, must: have been prodigious, for
we hear that a great portion of tbe Indians
who claimed' Smoke eller as t'tieir leader
haveresolved to live upon the Reservation,
and many families had already reached
there when the latest dates were re
ceived. ' " 'I ' '
Smoke-eller has had hia day. The glory ;
of Priest's Rapids has departed. The
Great Dreamer will either remove willing
ly to the Umatilla Reservation, or will soon
have a military escort thither, and is re
mains to be seen if the spiritual influences
which were so powerful on the desolate -plains
of the iUpper Columbia, cau be
maintained a great medicine so much
nearer to tiviliied influences.
Gn.: Gbaht's Letts a. During the
revelation which followed tho September ,
gold panic, much reference .was made to
a letter addressed by the President to
Secretary Boutwell and left with General
Eutterfield to j be delivered to the Secre
tary on his return from Massachusetts to
Washington, about the middle of Septem
ter. Tbe letter was alleged to have an
indorsement 6f the Gould-Corbin theory
of high gold, j The letter itself ia the best
proof of its character, and is as follows r
New Yobk Citt, Sept. 12, 1869.
George S. Boutwell, Secretary of the'
Treasury Dear Sir : I leave here to-morrow
rnorniogfor Western Pennsylvania, ;
and will not reach Washington before the
middle or last of. next week.; Had I but .
known, before: maktng my arrangements
for starting tbat yon would be in this city .;
early this week, I would have remained
to meet yon. I am satisfied that on your
arrival you will be met by the bulls and
oears of Wall street, end probably by
merchants, too, to indnce you to sell gold
or pay the November interest in advance
on the one side, and to hold fast on the
other. The fact is, a desperate struggle
is now makings and each party wants tbe
Government to help them out. I write
this letter to advise yon of what I think
you may expect, to put yon'on your guard.
I think, from the lights before me, I would
move on without change until the present
straggle is over, if yon want to write to
me this week, my address will be Wash
ington, Penn.' I would like to bear your
experience with the factions,at all events,
if tney give yon time to write. No doubt
yon will have a better chance to judge
tbaa I, for i have avoided general discus
sion of the subject. onrs truly,
: - i U. 8. Graxt.
The Prett explains that the Democrats
who arrived ia LaFayette from Salem on
the 6th of March, were going to Portland,
only their wagon broke down. Consider
ing the facts that they .were 15 : miles off
the road from here to Portland, and tbey
were immediately furnished with situa
tions by prominent candidates for office,
the breaking; down" of tbe wagon Is
"mighty suspicious, if it is all on the
square.". ; i; a .i - v...-;--;
:? I The Herald in high glee relates how a
party of Democrats hired ont to work on
the Railroad, and after getting a consid-
era ble advance, 'bilked their employer
We do : not see any great shrewdness ex
hibited iu that, nor ia the proceeding so
uncommon among that ilk as to require a
column ot leaded matter to celebrate the
exploit.
FRIDAY, MAECH
THE CITY AKD COUHTEY.
Haiurday, march 19.
CosriBHED. We see by the dispatches
that L. F. Cartee, formerly of this place
and for some time a clerk ia the Land Of
fice, has been confirmed by the Senate as
Surveyor General of Idaho.
Shobt Sessios. The business of the
present tenn of Circuit Court is almost
concluded.-. The docket was short, and
cases which reached a trial were speedily
disposed of, and bat for the fact tbat to
day was set for sentencing Jack Williams,
no doubt the term would have ended yes
terday. - Williams plead guilty of steal
ing a horse, and will, of coarse, go back
to the Penitentiary, having been out three
days this time.
: Habeas Corpus. T. H. Brents yester
day made application before Judge Boise,
at Chambers, for a writ of habeas corpus,
to .take a convict from the Penitentiary,
on tLe-ground j tbat hia offense was not
specified ia tbe judgment against him.
Tbe Judge denied the application; de
ciding that, as no substantial right of the
applicant had been prejudiced by the al
leged error, the case tell under the pro
vision of the statute, and the proceedings
were pot vitiated thereby.
- The. general health of the community Is
much Improved with tbe advent of pleas
ant weather. Only a few days ago phy
sicians were in great demand, one gentle
man j of our acquaintance having had
twelfe new calls in one day. Coughs,
coldi and sore throats were prevailing ev
erywhere, and the wonder was that so few
cases proved serious, but now we lave
beahhy and delightful weather and tbe
sick seem to be generally convalescent.
A,; Change. We learn that Mr. John
Minio is about to vacate the editorial
chair of the Oregon -Farmer, and will be
succeeded by Mr. A. J.. Dufur, who has
lately returned from a tour through the
Eatehn States, and will no doubt be able
to give us some new ideas from bis late
experience. It has beed remarked, that
the Farmer, under Mr, Minto's manage
ment, has become a much more pracln;!
paprlhan many of the so-called agricul
tural journals. : .
Sunday, TInrrfa 20.
Sist Up. Jack Williams guilty of lar
cenyi in stealing a horse,- was yesterday
sentenced to five years' imprisonment in
the Penitentiary.
Mi Joseph M. Wolf, egent for sale of
MrsAVictoVs new book, "The River ot
the West," ii now in this city, and will
canvass during the coming week for sub
scriptions to the same. ,
, Awocbhed. Circuit Court adjourned
sine. die yesterday forenoon. There has
been but little business in Court this term
and what there was, was easily disposed
bf. Marion county is not a very quar
relsome place. ' 4
STABTLiHO.The Printers Gazelle grave
ly informs its readers that "a new paper,
to be called the Wheatland Mirror, is an
nounced to be started at Wheatland, Ilirh
ory County, Oregon," How true it is that
btre oust go from hcue to learn tbe news
, Divisios. Tbe proposal to divide Sa
Iem precinct and have two polls instead of
one, is not a political question, but one
of interest to all. "With a crowded poll
Citizens will be obliged to spend a great
deal of valuable time waiting to vote,
while with two sets of books, every one
can vote conveniently and save a great
deal ot time at a trifling cost.
Ssow. A gentleman who came from
Portland, yesterday, informs us that suow
lay on the ground when he left there; tbat
enough snow was at the Dalles to make
good sleighing, and that at Umatilla the
snow was said to be eighteen inches
deep. While we have been, enjoying
spring, our ..neighbors at Portland, and
folks up the Columbia, ; have bad winter
iu earnest.
Wbetched. That word does not des
cribe the condition of the road up the
bill on the other side of the long bridge
but there is no word that does. Teams
are obliged to go part way up, then off to
one side and get rouod it, because tbey
can't pull over the hill. It is a piece of
of new work and Una expected, to be bad
the first winter, but it is not bad. it is
Onetimes worse tbaa that and would re
quire a great command of laugoago te do
It jaStlCe. .; - V , , !( .:
. Tuesday, March 23.
Teachbbs: Examination. Mr. W. T
Ramsey, - Superinieadant of Common
Schools, announces tbat the next public
examination of candidates for' school
teachers' certificates, will fee held the
first Saturday ia April at the Ea.it Salem
District scboolbouse. '
Tbieo Aoaim . Collins, for being drank
and disorderly on Saturday, was yeeter
day morning fined $1Q and costs, by Re
corder Thompson. We understand tbat
a petitioa has been circulated and numer
ously signed, asking that, according to
law. the Recorder declared this degraded
creature to be a common - drunkard, .aad
forbid all persons to furnish her any in
toxicaOug hqaors.
It really seems useless for the Portland
papers to pass to many encoiaiBBoa on one
man as they bestow on that first class
business' man, Wm. Davidson, not that he
fails to deserve it, but simply because it
is not. news, tbe people all know it al
ready., Mr. Davidson does business well
and all we think, is, that the people know j
him so well that they will Insist upon his i
filling more important positions tbat tbey
have yet thrust upon bim, and - Mr. . Da- i
vidson is prompt, energetic and capable
Sikiocs Accidist. We are informed
that Mr. P. Chappel,living some miles be
low town, met with a very severe mishap
some days eince while working at a coal
pit. It seems that the men were engaged
in roliing-a large log np a pair of "skids,"
by means of a rope drawa by two horses.
Mr. Chappel stood behind the log to take
up the rope, when by some mischance the
gearing gave way and the log rolled back
on and over Mr. C. crashing and injuring
him ia a frightful manner. He is still so
bad as to be confined in a critical condi
tion, though his recovery is hoped for. -
M Lis B ROiKif. The ton of Mr. Frank
Glover, while attempting to pump oa the
log carriage, ia the saw mill of Moo res b
Miller, slipped and bad his leg caught
between the eud of tbe carriage anl the
log-way, resulting ia the fracture of the
bone of the leg and severe laceration of
tbe flesh. laying bare the bone and bruis
ing the limb severely. Ills leg must cer
tainly have beea taka off but . for the
presence of mmd or the head sawyer. Sir.
Silas Jones, who, seeing the carriage
coming down on the boy's leg, moved the
carriage so that it stopped just ai it reach'
25, 1870.
ed aim six inchee more and the limb
would have been I taken off. Tbe bones
were set by Dr. J,1 C. Grubbs, and the lit
tle fellow is as comfortable as could be ex
pected under the -circumstances.
Wab. Mr. Clatk, the mail-carrier, in
forms u that thre was an unusual
amount of fighting in Dallas, oa the oc
casion of the convention last Saturday.
The difficulty seemed to be between Hay
den and anti-Hayden men. Ua ouauay,
the biggest fight of tbe season came off,
this time between two Hayden men, who
differed on some minor qnestion. The
larger of the two struck at the other with
a heavy club, but his adversary, who is a
cripple, avoided tbe blow, and clinching,
the small man fell uppermost, and pro
ceeded to administer considerable pun
ishment to his assailant; the big man,
however, succeeded in turning his man,
who was not going to take any chances;
and immediately cried "enough," thus
getting whipped without material dam
age, while tbe victor is said to have been
badlyu&ed up. : Let us have peaco, . .
The Primary Meetings.
Salex Pbecinct MEETisa.-This Conven
tion was called to order by Mr. J.Minto,
Chairman of the Precinct Committee.
I.,R. Moores and N. B. Koight were
placed iu nomination for President. I.
R. Moores was elected. On motion, H.
Y. -Thompson and T. B. Handley wero
elected Secretaries.
On motion, it was voted that the Con
vention proceed to elect by ballot 12 dele
gates to the County Convention ; that we
elect one at a time, and that a majority
vote be necessary to a choice.
Tbe following delegates were duly elec
ted : I. X. Gilbert, T. B. Rickey, N. B.
Knight, 0. Uzafovage, B. F. Drake, A. N.
Gilbert, J. B. Forsythe, Hugh Owens,
Thomas Townsend, E. D. Towle, D. A.
Miller, M. Parmenter and Dr. Car
penter. - -
Mr. Minto offered the following reso
lution, which was adopted.
Reeolved, That it is tbe sense of this
meeting that Salem Preciact ought to be
divided, and we respectfully suggest that
the County Court take measures to make
such division before tbe next June elec
tion.
On motion, adjourned.
East Saleh. Tbe Precinct Meeting
elected J. II. Moores, President and P. L.
illis, Secretary. The following were
elected Delegates to the County Conven
ticn: J. K. UiII, K. J. Philips, L. J. Fow
ell, 7. L. Davidson, Geo. P. Holman, P.
L. Willis, T. H. Reynolds, R. H. Price
and Julius Stratton.
Noeth Salem. The Precinct Conven
tion organized by electing Paul Crandall,
Prestdeut; and W. T. Ramsey, Secretary
The following were elected Delegates to
the County Convention: W. L. Wade, A
C. Daniels, A. Stanton, Delos Jefferson,
James Rickey and J. A. Huffman.
Reeolved, that our Delegates be request
ed la use tbeir influence as far as they can
no so, consistently with the good of the
llepubucan party, to secure the comma-
tion.of reliable Temperance men for coun
ty o Uicers.
A c boba Delegates : J. W. Grim, John
Giesey, A. Hovenden, R. Sheuie, Fred
Kiel, Stephen bmith 0.
Bcttetillk. Delegates i G- - A. Cone,
jr., D. J". Pendleton, Henry Ehlea, A. P.
Cbecery i.
Bel.pas6I. Delegates : Milton' Young,
J. betueimre, Robert Uanca 3
etJAXPOEu: Delegates : J. B. P.Piette,
J. 11. tpencer, John Hoefer 3.
Pairfield. Delegates . G. B. David
son, Joho Skaife, Silas Jones C.
LaBisb. Delegates! C. H. Davis, S,
C. Massa, Frank Manning, and S.JJ.R
Jones 4.
Abiqua. Delegates : Stephen Porter,
J. II. Baugbman, A. Moser, and Henry
Statiord l. . ,
Silvebtos.- Delegates: J. W. Daven
port, D. Wolfqrdj F. Hicks, A. Thomp
son, L. b. Davis, F. Wilbur and C. L.
Kellar 7. The Convention then instruct
ed tbeir delegates to vote in County Con
vention for Ai Coolidge and J. C. Daven
port as delegates to the State Convention
from Silrerton Precinct. The Convention
then nominated W. H. Lewis and Yolney
Leonard as candidates lor. Justices of the
Peace, and Charles Hicks and W. J.Star-
mer, were nominated for Constables. The
utmost harmony prevailed, and Silverton
precinct will come np in support of the
Republican nominees, on the first Monday
in June next, with an unbroken front
F. Hicks, Chairman; K. L. Hibbard,Sec'y
Sublimit v. Delegates : Benj. Hutton
John Barker, Wesley Denney, and H. J
bmitn 4.
' : Howell, Pbaibib. Delegates : Titus
Smith, Atkinson, Wright Forshay
1 . U. o haw
JrrrEBsos.-JKDelegates : N. R. Doty
J. M. Harrison, E. N. Thomas, F. Stiwers
kCd J, B. Looney 5. -
. : Liscolh. Delegates : A.' H. Cornelius
H. Smith, S. Condit, John Y. Cole, G
Gibson and B. A. Witzel. Tbe Conven
tion nominated 0. Bowie for Justice of
the Peace and G. J: Coffey for Constable
' Prveeeillagra of the Cirenit Coart.
Salek, March 18, 1870.
Court met pursuant to adjournment
William Wescott, guilty of burglary,
in breaking Into the store of J. M. Coul
ter, was sentenced to four years imprison
mem tn toe penitentiary.
Emily York vs. A. D. York j suit for
divorce: continued for service.
John B. P. Piett vs. Robert Keating-
Judgment by default against defendant
Adjourned till 9.0 clock Saturday morn
tug. . .. . ...
A Home Thrnst. '
We commend to the careful considera
tion of all thinkingyouugmen whose ear
ly prejudices, a blind, devotion to an,
empty name, may yet confine them to the
feeble remains of the once glorious Dem
ocracy, the following from the Salutatory
of tbe talented young editor of the Cor
vallis Gazette, which paper has just wheel
ed into : line, as another evidence of
that "healthy reaction:"
Politically our record is mournfully
Democratic, but delightfully brief. Dur
ing the stormy years of the war, when the
Democratic party was prostrate and its
name odious all over the land, and when
every sordid motive would have driven us
into the ranks of the majority, we were
trne to our allegiance. In these latter
times, when the prospects of the party
are brighter to tbe Democratic imagina
tion than ever before, we desert the rotten
old ship for a sounder bottom. The Demo
cracy has not made a point in tea years
and never will. It is a party without a
soul and without a creed. It professes
what it does not believe, and believes
what it dares not profess. Its embrace has
withered good policies and noble princi
ples. en . tarn wira loathing from u
that it baa touched. The shadow of the
world's progrss has fallen anon it. and to
day it sit half an age behind the rushing
car er History, chattering a language no
man knows. Fanaticism has fatted upon
tbe evil fame of this party, for evea the
wise conservatism of the masses has been
mocked and made ashamed by tbe ficti
tlous support of the Democracy.
m. 37.
GEHEEAL HEWS.
Lias Cocmtt, March 19. From the
Reguter: The daughter of Dr. Tate, Miss
Laura, who has been afflicted with in
flammatory rheumatism for a long time,
of late has been much worse, and it is
now feared that she will lose her eye sight
enerely Mr. Cundiff, formerly one
0? our city Dads, is at present ia Rose
borg, preparing for work, he havingtakea
tie contract for doing the mason work oa
tee new court house- to be erected in
Houglas county Mr. Richardson is
spoken of as the probable Republican
candidate for sheriff. He is a good man,
upd would make a most efficient officer.
The members of. the M. E. Church
sre taking active steps preparatory to the
erection of a Church at Brownsville.
The Rev. Mr. Robe, of the PreabvterU
au Church, held service at tbe Church oa
Sabbath at 11 a. m., after which ten per-1
sons were received Into full membership,
au oi waom nave proressed religion dur
ing the late revival Rev. John Har
ris, ot the ChTtsUatt church, teldnrfUM
at Smith's hall on the same day; after
which tbe congregation repaired to the
Calapooia, just below the bridge, and
witnessed the receiving of six persons in
to that church by the ordinance of bap-:
tism administered by emersion.
Prospects of the Woolen Mills' resuming
operations are more flattering than they
have for some time past. A transcript of
the titles, deeds, etc., have been taken
and placed in the hands of one of the
partners, who has gone to the Atlantic
States for the purpose of selling out if
possible; if not, of renting it to some com
pany who will run it.
Jacksojt Cobntt, March 12. From the
Neve: Tbe constested election of City
Marshal has been finally decided by the
Council, ia favor of George Seaman.
The quarterly meeting of the M. E.
Church under Rev. Mr. Royal, P. E., has,
been protracted during :the week and is
still ia progress. A good deal of relig
ious feeling has been evinced On
last Thursday, Mr. John Bush, who
works at Mr. Bybee's tarm, met with a
painful accident. Mr. Bush was opening
the gate leading into the race track, when
Air. Martin passed out, leading his fine
trotting colt, which kicked at Mr. Bush,
striking bim on the hand, in which he
Held a pilchiork, cutting the band severely
and breaking several bones. The
Improved Order of Red Men is thriving
pace, a taoe is to oe organized at
Ashland. The ladies hold a fair oa
the 20th and 21st of April at Hone's
Half. A Chinaman accidentally shot
a countryman through the foot A
little daughter of Mr. Swingle, living on
Butte creek, in this county, was kicked
ou the forehead by a horse, belonging to
cer lamer, a lew days since, and serious-
ly injured. It is thought that she will
recover.
Scio, March 17. From the Newt: The
second term of tbe Scio school, under the
management of Mr. Carter, closed on the
8th. The full term expires in April, when
a vacation will be given. The school un
der the present teacher is most prosper
ous. Mr. Jas. A. Richardson, living
about three miles from Scio, who acci
dentally shot himself last week, is in a fair
way to recover. The editor speaks
of tbe bacon put up during tbe season, by
Messrs. Wheeler & Ostrander, as first
quality. A beet brought into the
Awi office measured 34 inches in cir
cumference, and weighed 15 pounds.
A parcel of Indians prowling around town,
got hold of some whiskey, and bad quite
a row amongst themselves, last week.
A. C. Jones, of Albany, delivered an
address before the Democratic Club of
Scio on Saturday evening. Todd, the
spiritualist, was to lecture at the- City
Hall the same evening.
Politics Politics have been at fever
heat in our city during the week. The
Democracy of Linn are not the united
and happy people, politically, we' have
been told they were
Manj and aogry
have been the discussions amonir the
leaders, and terrible anathemas hare
been hurled at the heads of those who
have dared to show the least sign of kick
ing in the traces. A leading Democrat
made the remark the other day that " If
we carry Linn county this time it will be
by ;the Bkin of our teeth, and it will be
the last time." Of course we are sorry to
see so much wrangling among our brother
Democrats. oh, so sorry. Regieter.
Out op Grub. A purveyor for one of tbe
parties of Democrats colonized in Benton
county, came into thU city the other
day, and announced that his crowd was
out of meat, and he wanted to be supplied
on credit until after election. When told
that the shop was not selling meat on
tbat " lay out," he said that was the
understanding he was to bo furnished
with "grub" on credit until after elec
tion, and tbey werewut and he must have
a supply. It our Democratic friends wish
to keep their bands of colonised voters
from roaming, they must be a little more
liberal with their cash, and keep the boys
supplied with eatables. Don't, by your
niggardness, starve these fellows out,
else they may yet 4,throw off" on you.
Regieter.
Mexicas Affairs
A letter, lately re-
ceived ia Saa Francisco, from a gentle-
fairs ia that country as follows : .
The political horizon is stormy. We
are again threatened with revolntion.
Should it be successful it will be the
death blow to the country, and I really
cannot imagine what is to be done, except
to get out of it as soon as possible. The
Government has been invested with ex
traordinary powers ; what nse will be7
made of them remains to be seen.' The
opposition is mad aad blind in its coarse,
and the Government obstinate and in
tractable.so that no conciliatory measures
are to be hoped for. Everybody is tired
of anarchy and disorder, yet no elements
but those of dissolution seem to exist
around as. The general impression is
that the Government will be able to sup
press tbe insurrection, because the dis
affected seem to hare no plans, bo aoity,
and no settled idea except tbat of taking
what does not belong to tbem. But no
one can foresee the pangs which a few
days may bring forth, as in Mexico
events generally baffle the most reasoaa-
able conjectures as to the future.
Th district called the "West Division"
ha. hn th seen of most of the snraer.
, . . . , , , . , .
OnS Durgiaries ana sirook ruumia iiuidu
lately ajarmed Chicago. Seven indignant
gentlemen residing ia that district turned
out the other night, in the small hoars,
determined to do a little ia the Vigilance
Committee line. Observing a suspicious
looking individual prowling along;, look
ing guiltily about, they started after aud
chased him several blocks at hot speed,
until be suddenly disappeared. Tbe next
day the papers gave full accounts of tbe
providential escape of a well known and
highly respected citizen from a band of
ferocious cut throats, who had chased
him up to hie rery door.
PROFESSIONAL CAI11X
E. P. RUSSELL,
Attorney at Law.
c. 9. vebet.
i Notary fab S
RUSSELL & FERRY,
Real Estate Brolicrj and
Collecting Agent. : ci
Special attenMoo Riven to th al of
Real Estata, Real Estate Litigation and the"
collection of Claims.
- Office, N.-W. corner First aad Washington
streets,
PORTLAND, OREGON.
March 3. 1870. lw,:
' ALANSON SMim.
Attorney & Counselor nt Law ,
PROCTOR AND SOLICITOR. .
AVOCAT.
Practices In the State and U. S. Court.
Office No. 108 Front Street, opposite Me k
Cormick's Book Store.
PORTLAND, OREGON.
H. CARPEKTKR, K. D.,
Res. on Liberty at, .
8. R- JxssrT. x. d., -Re,
on Liberty at
CARPENTER & JESSTJP,
Physicians &, gurcoons 4
orrrc "
On Liberty street, nearly opposite Cccfrreiratioea
' Chnrch. March 1.
J. V.' GRUBBS, M. '
JPliysioian find fiirgreon.
Offers his services to the citizens ot Salem
and vicinity,.
Office At Drag Store of Grubbs & Co., oa
State street, one door eaot of Express office.
SALEM, OREGON. rohSd
"TV Mi-Tv xntirox3X7iJcytjrrT,---- i .
General Collecting Agent,
AND ... i
Agent Tor Orepon Stateanian .
NO. 86 TBO!tT ST., PORTLAND. .
; D.B.RICE.M.D
rhyslcifin and Siirgjeon
SALEM, OREGON. -Orricc
State tl ret. up stairs, front room, adjoining '
Lolrdell't Photograph Gallery.
Rfsidi sce Iliph street, second house oorth of the
Dec. 8?. airisilan Brick Chnrch. ,
A. XL BELT, M. p..
Office and residence corner Union and CaorcJi
' streets,
SALEM, OREGON '" ? '
Orders can he left at Souther's Dror Store
r m
T.B. IIANDLEY," .
Taw and. Collection.
Office Up Stairs in Stewart's BIocV ,
sep21 gALFM, OREOOW. . '
, SCLLIVAN A WHITSON,
J ftorneys at Law,
DALLAS, POLK CO., OREGON. ;
- .-iWlr attention xlren to coUecUoo) of sots
accouaU, leins, mortgages Ac.
r. c. anuria. - ritf w. c. i
JAMES W. PARKEP.
Attorney V Counselot at Lnw
tep23 EMPIRE CITT, OEGOV. , 1 ,
-; - T. PEARCE, ' '
IVotai-y Public, .
EOH, : : : -: : POLK COUNTY, 0 REG OS
Acknowledgement of J)eed. Mort trapes eUs..
taken
Particular attention gijn to collection
of notes and accounts.
oei. xs .
) J. A. APPLEG ATE
Attorney & Counselor at Law
Bp29 DAIXAP. POLK COfTNTT, OREGON.
J. L. COLLINS,
Attorney ot JL.avr's
j DALLAS, OHEGON.
frowpt attention ilTen to bnrioess. Specialist
Collections and transactions In Seal Estate. Mies
cn stairs in tho Conrt Hoose. dec1tf '
j POWELL A FLINN,
Attorneys & Counselors at Law
and Solioltsrs la Chancery,
ALBANY, .OREGOJ
I L. FLINN, Notary Pvbuo.
Collections and conveyances promptly attended tc.
. o eowsix t rum
BUSINESS CARDS.
UMATILLA HOUSE,
DALLES CITY, OREGON.
OiXDLET & SIXXOTT, Proprietors.
TniS tfVELL KNOWN FIRST-CLASS ,
KnriAP ha-cintr rwn twntlr rnniru1 ami
renovated tbronffbout. offers taper. or accom-
i IflUUHllUlfB BUM pCiTC UCfrlCr l-BUBiaiVKHI U.
I the Traveling Public than any Hotel in Dallea '
Viiy. insine omy rirgi vins tioiei in ios
Citv and really the only Hotel the Traveling
Community patronize. : . .
ECIT3 OP ROOM8 FOR FAMILIES IND SPPEBIOK.
1 ACCOMMODATIONS FOR 800 GUESTS.
) This Hotel is located near the Steamboat
( Landing and Railroad Depot.
j TH E HOTEL OMNIBUS,
Will always be at the Railroad Depot and
Steamboat Landing -on tbe arrival of Paasen- .
j gers, to convey tbem and their baggage to and
from tbe Hotel free of charge.
j Particular attention paid to calling gnests in
I the morning for the boat and cars,
' They have two large fire-proof safes in tho
,office, for tbe nse of tbeir guest. -
' Hotel open all night In charge of a careful -
watchman. Extra attention paid to seeing
families off on the cars or boat: .
I In connection with the Ilutel they have a fine
j BILLIARD SALOON AVD
Feb.25:dw3m READING ROOM., V
(COSMOPOLITAN HOTEL.
j : (Foraaerly Artlgoni j "
FRONT fn,REET,.'.........PORTliAKD.
j Inn purchased this widely known and well kept hs-
j ZZZJST-
j . uicaiif ucunvcii a lii-ca.
This Hotel Is located Dearest tbs Steamboat Land-
I lag. v
J CFThi Hotel Coach will be attendance ' to eon
i rsj passenger to and from tbehoaeA ffeharut.
1. B. BPRLNUER.
I ' Dee. 14th, W9. -- " ' ; ; '
4 THE UNION HOTEL T !,
, i . a V
i Commercial St., near tbe Bridge, ,
- v SALXtt, OREGON. V
. . .
1 rpHi: popular Kou is afraiti .opened, and oC&rs
( J th best aeoomsaadaUoos for transient (wests tm
; be found lb this city. . ,
. Secular Dcara farnfahed on reasonable terms,
. WiUCT GRATJU, Proprietor
f Ustem. Dee, 15.
Fir
t "VfOTICB to t
j XM AdBitolc
t deceased, ha
I Baal setU-'
, dered that i
; liih day f
i Ing of obje . .
i Hoot In B'
, where all p.
- 4 "sa, that Q. P. Utenfleld,
. skU'e of Cuar i Craft, '
r ttsaeftted fcsi aewnas R
I -. It I - or- .
t be u.ed, and t, the '
, aUp-Ku, H i ...ear-
same bt Cou-V ,
-on eoun'-, .,n r ;
wteres ',
March ,l8Tt"
i . ExecctcriV:,..::
P. ''D- .9- &t
: niea an nnai aeoeoot m imuoui
1
a tettiesiemt or tae ame.thererors' .j-t
day, the 7th day ef las rch.be set t -as !. . e of
objections to said aoeoaat, if any -t, at u bwort '
Boom ia Salsos, Mariaa aoanty, t,-"n. ,
- j.uh-. rr?, -
rb.T,1870. w4w . ; Conn tyie;.
rrUJCXN np by rhs avtMcrPter, see nils and a hair
A south of IlllUboro, in WmY;-oo r- y f
of Oref on, one Vht iy nwrss t n t , . 0.4 t
aboot 13 hands iu - ; a kr star in h. ;
saddle mark oa ec s !e. i .tld ar- al t 4 t "o
ay eoctosars aboot 1 1 ! t rl t 1 ,
praised en thefiJi of t.ar . h J,a . . e,i js
Uee of the 1m, at L-J. a.
March H, we : . . ...
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