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DEVOTED TO NEWS, LITERATUREr AJ D THE BEST INTERESTS OF1, OREGON.
VOB 10.
OREGON CITY, OREGON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 20,, 1875.
ISO? 5.
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THE ENTERPRISE.
A L03AL NE.V3PAPER
FOR THE
Farmer, Basinrss )I:m, k Family Circle.
ISSUED EVERY FRIDAY.
F.S.TDEMEN-T,
P3DPEIT0It AND PSLISHEH.
ATrTlT. PAPER TOR CLACKS AS CO.
OFFICE In Enterprise TJuildlnq:, one
door south of Msjhlc Uuiiaina. Main t.
Term of Sulj-joriptiaii s
Slrill" Copy One Year, Tn Advance 52.50
Six Months
1.,0
Term of Yrtvertiiin;r s
Tmnxlent advertisements, Inclii'luis?
nil l3g.il not ic'S, V sriuara ot twelve
linM oa! w.'Pk -;'
For each stibs'-qu-nt Insertion I. )
. f'in n one Vt'iir lJo.iHj
vn-i - - - -
Hu ;; ; -
Business Card, 1 square, one y-ur..
40.00
12.00
SOCIETY NOTICES.
OKIiGON i L()P(il NO. 3, I. I. O. lV,
Mwts every Thursday .y
evening at 7 ! o'clock, in the
Odd Fellows-" J lull, Miin ;,..-r
street. Mjinlersif tlc Or
der uro invitetl tu atteml. 15y orrler
ui:iKCCA ii-:t; kx-:i-: i.oou no.
3, I.O. O. 1, .Meets on me frj
Sooond anl Fourth 'L'uo JjU ti
il.iv evening e.ich inonth, ,
at 7 ' o vlocK.cin tlu O ta
hVlhiw' Hull. Moiubtr.sof tho IJirreo
are invited to utteml.
MULTNOMAH I.OOfii: NO. !,A.l-
A A. IfoKls its regular co;n- A
... i. ...1
imUHlMlKHlS Oil IMO I'llSt illl'l '";'r
Tiisra hjtunluys in f:i-n iimiun, s
at 7 oVIock from tillOKil oi'.Sjo.
tcmlM'r totlicUOlli of M.in-h ; ami 7'i
o'clock from aim -0t li of .March to the
ntii nf S,iitfiiii)ir. iJrotiiron m t?ooa
Htundiit' iiva invited to attend.
llv order of W. IM.
r.VI.LS KXCAMPMliT NO. 1,5. O.
O. F.. Meets ;t?Odd F.-llows -
II j 11 onttif; First :md Third Tin s
(l.iv of e;i'-h month. Put n.-irehs
I in i'.. 1 standing arcs invitevl to uttc-njl.
n u s i y re s s . c a n n .sr.
A. J. HJVE.t, r. p
j. vv'. xoRstis, :r. n.
PilVSlCIAXS V.NJJ STiiCiiJOXS,
trofli' Upstairs in Ohar.srjn's HrH'k,
Mnin str-'t. . lf
Dr. Il .vr's r id:nc ? Third s'.r." t, at
foot of clilT stair a ay. l' J t
DR. ,T C I LN W KLC 1 1
DENTIST,
ki-'h;e in
3 ortiioov city, oiikwon.
O IH;H(.it C.H Prico lai'.l far County
Order.
H U S L AT & E A STIA A hi ,
ATT O R N E Y S-A T-L A W-
POItTr.Vi)"t.i CiU7.'s now hrlck, T.O
Firt strei-t.
ORKttUN CITYCharman's l.rick, tf.i
taim. w s'n t-'ltt r,
RJ1- -CATHSY
ATT011XCV AmT torx.r.L03-AT.LlW,
Oregon City, Oregon.
Special attention pivn to lo:nin:r Mon"..'.
oillo front rou.u iv K.vteiu-ki.sk tuilU
ng. juiy-Htf
mORXEYS AND COIXSLLORS AT-LAW.
o
Oraon City, Crayon.
"Wlll practice in all th Courts of the
8tat. .Spi'cial attention given to cast's in
the U. S. ljand tunc at Oregon City.
Saprl-ST-'-tf,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
0 KEG OX CITY,
OREGON.
Will practice in all th Courts of the
State. Nov. 1. 1S7, tf
H. E. CH&iVlGERLAlN,
ATTORN E Y- AT-L A W
ORE!iO CITY.
Oftlc? in ENTkitPRiSK Ilooms.
JAIES X. UPTON,
A 1 1 o I'll e y-u t-J: i -v, -
Or. -go a City.
Nov. 5, 1375 :tf
Vi. 11. niGilFIl-LD.
KitxblUlied since '4 .1, at tie oi;l stail.
- Main Slr:ct, Oron City, fir.-ion.
An assortment of Waths. J.'wl-
ry.and S t h Tho.nas' W'eiiht Clocks
:il 1 of which are warranted to be as
-H-pairinLT i!on on short notice, and
thankful tor past patronage. t-:l
JOHN 31. I5AC0:,
IMPORTER, AND PEAT.ER 7lf
ery, etc., etc.
Orfjon City, Orf-on.
V.t the Post Oiilec, Main stgeet, east
Bide.
TO FRUIT-GROVERS.
THE AT.DXN FRUIT PRESERVING
Company of Oregon City will pay the
; HIGHEST M4!?KET
lorPU'MS. PEtBSnml IfT.K5.
Mr. Thos. Charman is authorized to pur
chaso for the Comnanv.
L. D. C LATOURETTE,
THOS. CHARM AX. Secretar51111
Ow Kon City, July 2. 1875 :tf
axtipodrs.
BY KJ3AR FAWCK I T.
poi:.
lie loved all shadowy spots, all seasons
drear; c
All ways of darkness lured liisgha.t
lv v'him;
Strange fellowship he had with gob
lihs iinm,
At who.se demoniac eyes he had no fear.
On midnights through dense brunches
lie would peer,
To watch the pale ghoul feedfc by
tombstones dim;
And murder breathed its red guilt in
Ids ear. - -
By desolate paths of dream, where fan- j
I-v vv i 0
Sent "long lugubrious hoots through
.somber air.
Amid thought's gloomiest caves he.
went to prowl,
And met' delirium in her awful lair,
And mingled with -cold shapes that
writhe or scowl
Serpents of horror, black bat; of de
spair. WIHTTIEI1.
Fresh as on breczj' seas the ascendant,
day,
And bright as on thick dews its radi
ant trace ;
Pure as the smile on some babe's
dreaming face ;
Hopeful as meadows at the breath of
May,
One loftiest aim his melodies opov.
"Like dawnward larks in roseate deeps
of spac
While Uiat large, reverent love-for all
his race "
M ikes him a man in manhood's lord
liest way V
I lis words, like pear-1. ar? lumirioQs
ytrt strong ;
His dutious thought ennobles while it
calms;
We seem to have felt fhe falling in ius
song,
Of ben -dictions nd of sacred balms.
To have seen thwaurciolcd JingcdS group
and throng
In heavenly valley lands, by shining
palm.-.
The Lot Taciiic
The Yictoria Cohixist, of the 19th
inst., says:
A private letter frOGi Port Town
send, received in town, states that
there is a very strojj-j feeling at thi3
piaCi against the! c."ptiviu o the Or
pheus. The mart at- the ahip's wheel,,
when the V'itfc coilidctl with her,
and four ofhftr men, linfe testififrd
that the st;amshjp liailcid theca three
times, ami auh time the m-tU at the
wiied said, "Oitplaia, the ftvamer Ls
hailing yuu ;" auj the rtply from the
caidain sas ct the aleiWii"
er!'' The st;varilt the writer says,
told (liiru that they couKl sac the
lights of tlig steamer twenty minutes
after3they s'.ritck lite, ai;d the atcsw
ar.I's wife s.iyssho couh.l ii'jiir tht
p-eople on tiie .sLeiiivt" C-liling; for
assistance.
A .gentleman walking alnct the
Deacon Iliji beach (n Sunday picked
n a piece of paintM ho.nSl (evid?rit
lyapart of the I'acilic's wreck) on
which was written Ig peilQil tiic:se
words in the position we have placed
them:
S. P. MiotJy
cell lot. 1
At first it was thought the inscrip
tion was. the result yf a heartless-
huax, perpetrated by 'som person
who picked the piece up on the
beach, wrote the words. :id threw'
it back into tne sen; but th friend
of the late S. I. Moody have identi
fied the handwriting" as his. It "is
supposed that when the vessel vas
going down lie wrote the inscription
on one of the beams of his state
room, with the faint libp.that the
board would beef on ml and his friends
informed of his fate thereby. If such
ver iiis purpose it has been attained
by the casting up of the fragment,
after it had lloated nearly 100 miles
on the breast of the hungry sea, and
readied the shore in -Sight 6( the
deceased gentleman's home. The
feelings of a man taking leave of life
under such circumstances can neither
be imagined nor described.
ANOTHER BODY. FOl'XD.
The Victoria Standard of the 17th
says: "The body of the deceased J.
D. Crowley, wrecked on the Pacific,
was picked npxyi Saturday morning
by Messrs. J. Morley and Carpenter,
lloatiug in the kelp and driftwood
near c Holland Point, Deacon Hill.
The corpse lias been considerably
disfigured. In the evening the same
parties, who were, during the re
mainder of the day0watching along
the shore for any dead bodies which
might come in view, leport seeing
another body near McCauley's Point,
about 200 yards from the shory. It
also had a life preserver on it. Au
inquest was held n the body.
Charles Todd, superintendent of
police, sworn Was present wii.en
the. body of the deceased was search
ed and produced papers from which
no doubt his name was J. D. Crow
ley; there are several letters so ad
dressed tmongst the p.ipers; also a
telegram addressed to .1.1). Crowh-v,
Kgeut for IMckwell & Ilurlburt, and
a card with vi. D. Crowley, San Jose,
Cal. There was nothing of impor
tance found among the the papers.
xiie ueceasea was about 3 vears of
age, about 5 leet 8 inches hurh, fair
complexion, with dark hair and sandy
whiskers. fo
C iarles Hayward sworn In con
secpiencfi of information received,
witness proceeded to a little bay to
the east of a point fronting the grand
stand. Deacon Hill, an.T saw the de
ceased, whose name witness believes
to be Crowley, lying ou the bank
near the water; there was a life j,ve.
server with the name Pacific lying
close to; have no doubt but that the
deceased was one of the passencrers
on the lost vessel, when she left Vic
toria on the 4th inst.; was present
when the body was searched by the
police; nothing of value was found
on it except some shirt studs and
some papers. o
The jury returned the, verdict that
"the deceased, J. D. Crowley, came
to his death bv drowning."
OEPKETTS' CREW.
Ihe following i3 the sworn state
ment of the Crew: '
Charles Thompson, being duly
sworn, deposes and says that he is a
native of Sweden, aged 20 years, and.
that on or about the 26th of October,
1875, he shipped as seaman on board
the. ship. Orpheus, of Boston, Clias.
Sawyer, master, bound for departure
Eiyf B. C, for coal; that on the 4th
day of November, A. 1875, he
was at the wheel of said ship, and a
light was sighted, two- -points -fttha
port bow, and ho received an order
from the second mate to head for the
light, which he did, and a few mo
ments after" this the captain ordered
him to agaiu put the ship, on-her
course, which-he did, and after this
about three minutes the captain or
dered hi cu to let her luff, which he
did. And after this the captain,
Charles Sawyer, stated that lie want
ed to speak tho vessel with the light,
for which purpose the light was kept
about dead ahead until the steamer
hove about two points olf the star
board bow, when the captain gave
, the order to port the, halm hard
down, which order, was obeyed, but
too late to avoid a collision. After
ascertaining that, the ship had cot
sprung a leak the captain ordered
the helmsman to keep her oo her
course, which course was kept about
an hour or more. The steamer fol
lowed the. ship aud hailed her three
separate times, but no answer was
returned, and the ship kept on her
course. After following the ship a
few minutes the steamer was unable
to keep up with her and dropped
astern. Fifteen minutes after the
collision all traces of the steamer had
vanished, the lights disappeared, and
nothing more was seen of her by the
ship. It was about fifteen minutes
from the time, the light was sighted
until the collision. If the ship had
kept on her course she wonld have
passed about two miles to the lee
ward cf the. steamer. At the time of
the collision, the ship was going
about eiedit knots wi-th a fair breeze,
and tire. night waq clear, but during
the night it blew very bird and also
rained.
(Signed) Cha.5. Tkoson.
We, members of the earns watch,
witnesses to the above.
Aug. Haktwig,
Chas. J. Beowk,
Alfred B chtje.
Subscribed and sworn to before
me this 12th day of November, "1S75.
J. A. Kuh.v,
Notary Public.
X PnoiograpU of Carl Sctiurz.
By Col. P. pons-n.
He it one of the marked men of
our revolution. A carrot-headed
Mephiatopbeles in appearance, a
Mercury in fluency, and a courtier
ingrace, a volcano in fire and an ice
berg in coolness, deliberate in coun
cil and impetuous in action, strange
bundle of all possible and impossible
contradictions and seeming antago
nising lie stands forth upon this com
monplace age, ' clear cut, bold, and
prominent as tho big wooden Indian
in I'ronC of a tobacco-shop door. In
his mental make np, the wild
est German transcendentalism and
French Commixnism meet and shake
lmnds with' the intensesfc Yankee
shrewdness and the broadest hu
roanitarjanism. A European anarch
ist, he., has taught Aoierieaus the
'true principles of their Constitution
and Government, and set them an
example of self-denying patriotism.
A fanatical abolitionist and bitter
upholder of the Federal flag, he was
the. first maa in the ltadical party of
MUsour to meet the present editor
(f the Sentinel upon a platform of
conciliation in 1870, and battle for
the enfranchisement of his former
foes. The proclamation of "uni
versal amnesty and impartial suf
frage" led him to the support of the,
Greeley cOiovement in 1871-2 which
Democratic, insanity killed. Too
gre"at to be a partisan, he lacks but
a little hard4 praotijal-shorse sense,,
to rendfer him a statesman.1 Not of
extraordinary power; but wiry, sup
ple, and iH-r alet, thoroughly train
ed, every thew and sinew under per
fect control'. Xot a ponderous, in
tellectual pih-vd river or sledge ham
merer, like Webster or Clay; but
a keen polighed Damascus blade,
like II mdolph or Calhoun. Not a
flower-.stit'wing poet-orator, . like
Ilenrv. "Wirt," or Prentiss; but a
wielder of "inexorable, logic and an
arrayer of bewildering facts and
figures. AJjove, all the dirty tricks,
treats, and -trades of the political
shambles, of repro?ehles3 integrity,
honest, fearle.s-s. always aggressive,
somwtiruqs brilliant, lie is incompar
ably the." ablest representative Mis
souri has had, in Washington jsin'ee
the days' of Tom Benton and. Jim
Green. a Bat with all his ability and
purity , unsafe as a-leader. .
Newspaper Dr-Li-Aws. 1. Be brief.
This is the age of telegraphs and
stenography. ,J2. Be pointed. Don't
write all around a subject without
hitting it. V. State favts, int "don't
stop to moralize. It's, a drowsy sub
ject. Let the reader Io "his oVn
dreaming. 4. E-chew preface,.
Plnngj at once into your subject;
like a swimmer into col'd wa'ter. f If
yon have written a sentence yon
think particularly fine, draw your
pen through it. A pet child is al
ways the;' 'worst in the family.. G.
Condense. Make sure that" yon
really have an idea, and then0 re?ord
it in the shortest possible terms.
We waut thoughts in their qnintes-
sence. 7. When your article is com
pleted, strike out nine-tenths of -the
adjectives. v 9
. --. s-.
"Tnts- About." George "I say,
Tom, do tak care! You nearly shot
my father then!" Tom "Sh! don't
say anything, there's a good fellowl
Take a shot at mine!".: Punch.
STATEMENT OI THE
The Stump Orator, ;
Philadelphia Timcs.V
The flaming posters which g'viard
the. Highway Department on either
side, the magnificent committee
announcements which decorate the
advertising columns of the organs,
the odor of kerosene in the- night air,
the sound of martial music and
tramping feet along tho . " principal
thoroughfares, arid the erilden rise
of American flags, wan.- 1 B that our
A i st i n gu i si i'ed ' f r i en d ' J u e stump
oratoiv.ha3 arrived upon ;his annual
visit. We know him well, having
often listened to" hia account of the
spot that was "a howling wilderness
forty years ago, fdr,'' and which, by
an inscrutable Providence, was not
fallowed to remain so; but we fancy-
that our friend will this year find
his occupation, like Othello's, very
much gone. We remember, indeed.,
the time when his apostrophes to the
American eagle used to bo esteemed
among the unanswerable arguments
of the campaign, and when the most
casual reference to "this great and
glorious republic" was snGicient to
lift the roof. from any ordinary po
litical wigwam; Car that was tho
time of the war and the year following
immediately after, when the stump
orator had both opportunity and ex
cuse for invoking the starry heavens
and the whole planetary system in
support of nominees for Councils and
the school boards. If he happened
to be a Democrat, he was reasonable
sure to take his stand upon the Con
stitution of these "United States and
hurl double-back-action anathema's
at the heads of the hireling crew who
had flooded the country with an.
irredeemable currency, plunged the
nation head over ears in debt, and
brought ihe repnblic to the verge
orruin. And if he happend to be-a
Republican the- chances were .that he
would talk for hours upon hi3 patri
otism during the war, summon up
visions of the terrible state cf affairs
that would result should the Dem
ocrats regain control of the govern
ment, and wind up with charging
his opponents v.'ith the murder-of
Lincoln and any "other crime that
suggested itself. The stump orator,
as ho existed in all the campaigns
down to '72, concerned himself . no
more about facts than he did about
his figures of speech, and when we
look back at the reports of the meet
icgft at which he spoke, we are as
tonished that any one's character
e'lirvi'ved." "Analyzed," liis' speeches
of invectives Bet off with doubtful
anecdote and ribald story, repeated
in innumerable forms but insap port
able monotony. A very nnlncky
raan was he who happend to be the
last speaker on .occasions when Ihn
stnmp orator was present, doomed
to the fate of hearing his own precious
stories related, wbilts he sat helpless
ly listening to be finally discharged
before the audience like a thunder
cloud without thuuder. But the
causes which gave him position and
influence have gone by forever,' and
with them his eloquence and impor
tance are eqnally forgotten. He
dawns upon us irrepressible this
season as oJNyore with his absurd
rhetoric 'and ridiculous logic, but
only to lose votes for his party and
bring odium on himself. He "is re
placed, in this year of new; issues and
readjustment of platforms, by the
orator of facts and argument, whose
mission it is to convince', not excite.
by his speeches,. The people have'
forgotten the wav ana its principles
in the presence of actual want, and
privation, and they demand common
sense, not claptrap.' Nothing re
mains for stump orators now but
oblivion and the obituary: Gone-to
meet the member from Buncombe!
Jolm C. Caluouu's Opinion.
The following is' an extract from
a speech of Hon. John Cs: Calhoun,
in the Senate of the United States,
on the currency issue., and is emi
nently appropriate to be quoted in
the prevailing discussion Mr. Cal
houa.said: "It appears to me, after bestowing
the best reflection- I can give tht
subject, 'that no convertible paper,
tuat is no paper whose credit, resta
on the promise to pay, 13: suitable for
a currency. It is the form of credit
proper in private' transactions be
tween man and man, but not for a
standard- of value; to -perform ex
changes generally, which constitutes
the approximate functions of money,
or eaffeucr. No one can donbt but
that0the Government credit is better
than of any bank-xhore stable and
more safe. Bank piper is' cheap Ho
those who make it,. but.:dear, very
dear to .tl?0$ wdio lisei it. ' Ou,;-the:
other hand,- the e'raditof the Govern
ment, while tt would greatly . facili-
tate its financial operations, -woipa
cost nothing, or uext-Jtonothing.
both to it and the pepide 'and, would,
of course, add' nothing to--tlte cost of
pr6dnctiouwhi&Li would give' every
branch of our industries,, agricul
ture, commerce and manufactures,
as. far as crrculatioa might .extend.;
c-reat advantages, botlrat home, and
abroad, and I how undertake to af
firm, and without the least fear that
I om i.ft answereVJ. that a paper is
n.-l.rVi;' tl.M GoverurneM. with the
simple promise to receive it, for all
its dues, would, to the extent it
could circulate, form jvperfect paper
circulation, which would be as uni
form iu value as the metals them
selves, and I shall be able .to prove
that iUs within the Coustitution and
.mirs. of Comr.re.ss to use such a
'ifertwr in the ..management of its fi
nances, according to the most rigid
rule ot construing j.ue.ouoLH.uwuu,
The United States army as now
nvo-anized consists of liJ.UUU men
rrdinarv estimate is that each
soldier costs about 1,000 a year to
maintaic him, which would aggre-
j gate twenty-live millions annually.
Americau English.
I'Frora Chambers' JoarnaM
It is" said that,- just' , after the v Cri
mean war; when everything; English
was in particularly had flavor; at ..St.
Petersburg, the Emperor Alexander,
wishing to have some document pre
sented to the American Minister at
his court, -ordered it tosbe trans
lated,' not into English : bat into; the
American language.. Had his orders
been literally obeyed, the' document
wouh have been of a- rather more
diverting character than "usually bev
longs to diplomatic notes and memo
randa. American, English is assured
ly one of the most singular' of dia
lects. Tt iSi becoming yearly more
and more the spoken, and,. to a great
extent, tho written language "of : the
country.. It is English, with a strong
infusion of new words, new idioms,
and new forms of speech some
original, some borrowed from other
languages,' some mere -slang, but
dignified at times by a certain rough
wit which is thoroughly racy of the
soil. " " ' .
American English flourishes in the
Tiider forms of Transatlantic life,
though do. class 01 order 13 1 quite ex
empt, from it. -It springs up in
luxariant growth in American joarn
alism, to which, indeed, it- owes
some of its most striding expressions.
It has. been the subject of the learned
researches of American savants, like
Bartlett and Prof, de Vere. It has a
literature, too, of its own, the work
of autnois uke Bret Harte, Mark
Twain, and the immortal old show
man, Artemna Ward; Major Bigelow
and Col. Haj, U. Douuough Outis
(that is ''loa don t know who ti, )
and Orpheus C. Kerr. But this litera
ture ha-s a good deal of the. artificial
about it, aud we often rind more sat
isfactory specimens of the- American
language" in the vigorous editorials,
pr as ' should call them, leaders,
of tu& free- press ot the, Ureal lie
public. . .
The foreign1; elements of the dia
lect are derived from all the. four
quarters of the globe. In the West
ern States the Chinese immigrants
are vatroducing stray -.words of their
celestial language; in California and
Texas, Spanish, words abound; in
the Southern states, the negro has a
corrupt English of his owu, which
has some influence in. changing the
language even of the whitens, froni
Louisiana eooif-s Angliciezd Flench
tferma; in Ne'f Eagiand there is
Dutcu element of vanatiou; every
where the Germans ara at wors,
elaborating that singular Gevman
Ameracau English with which Hans
Breitamann has made us fmiiiax;
and, iin-aily, the last disappearing
Indians are leaving re-iics- of their
varioui lauguags imbedded, like
fossils, in the daily speech of their
conquerors. Besides such Indian
names lor animals as wapiti and cari
bou, moose aud musquash, and well
known words like wigwam, wampum
and Biicbem, we meet now and then
with Indian derivatives, such as
pcramn and pokelok&t, for niurshjf
ground; csuecotasn, a uainty dish, oi
green ooyn, beau aud venisOu, from
tuo Indiau messisujatash; and hominy,
a kind Of grain, from the Radian
uhuminea, parched corn. It i$ saiii
that cveu the familiar word Yankee"
is of Indian origiu, beiug uothiug
more than a corruption oi Ysity$e$,
an early Indian attempt to pronoauce
the word "English." -
Every reader of Bret- Ilarte's Cali
forniau sketcnea must have noticeil
the great number of" Spanish words
wuiult he uses as familiarly as if they
were English; but, besides these,
there are American words whicu are,
nothing but Spanish terms 'rqugbly
cut down into au English form
such are mustang, a Wild horse, which
is the Spanish metend; iiid stampede,
ii'o-m esiarmjpida. Stampede meaus a
rush, ana twe Americau tendency to
make oue or two verbs p'at of every
substantive has produced such forms
as '"they stampeded;" which meaus
they ran oil' suddenly j 'or even "they
stair peded him" that is to say,
frightened him oif.t The Spanish
imperative, vamos, let ns go, has pro
duced another word for rapid flight
. to vamose. ,3 "
. The new meanings "given to words
produce a very singular'Teilect on fhe
English ear. A "t.uiilcv' is a dririk;
"uiv" means not only repulsive,
but' wicked;' a mau who has been in
duced to buy au-uusOuud horse is
not cheated, but "stuck .with a -bad
iiorse." '"To love" is to like, as iu
Bartlett's example: "Do you love
pumkiu pier" There are dozens of
words used ill "the "sense of ".very "
'a --very mean man is "amoustrons
meau ieliOAV.v' "O doctor," .says an
iuyalid, "I'm- powerful, weak, but
cruel easy..". In this way; pov erf ulf
cruel, "'monstrous, "dreadful, awful
and mighty are vsynohymous, otud
this paradoxical pli rase .means ohlv
"I'm very veak, but feelrio paiu."
American political liie lias giveu
rise "to . an abundance""" of quaint
phrases: Some 'are derived from the
habits of animals; a'purty is.saiil to
snake whenit foil wSau underground
policy; if a politician proves false to
pledge's, the papers unuouuee that he
has crawfished awfully;' an allu
sion to the retrograde motions of the
ci-awfish. Wuea a group of members
supports" atbill iu which they have
110 direct interest, in-order to secure
the help, of its promoters for a bill of
their own, they are said to be "log
rolling," a term.taken from the back
woods, 'where a- man whu has cut
down adjigetreegets his -neighbors
10 help him in rolliug it away,, and
inre'turri" helps theru with their lo 's.
Tu9'gas" is to talk only for the pur
pose of prolonging a debate. A man
who; can? be depended upon by bis
party is said to be "sound on the
goose." On the other hand, a doubt
ful supporter is spoken of as "weak
in the knees." Determination is
backbone. "Backbone," says a leader
o
in T7te Republic of New York, "is the !
r material that makes an upright man." ,
A party that always votes together is
surd to "vote solid." A party con
ference is a "caucus;" its programme
i$ a "platform," and these two words
we may remark en passant are being
t?o freely used in some quarters even
among ourselves. A member of Con
gress does not make a speech, he
"orates;" if he can embarrass his ad
versary, he rejoices in having "cr
cered" him; if his speech is a good
one', it is a""rouser;" if it fails, it is
a "fizzle'so called from, the hisa. of
the priming of a gun that misses fire.
Institution, originally a political,
word, has- been given a very wide
meaning; besides speaking of the
'Institutions. of the country," Ameri
can writers mention the buzzards of
Charleston as one of the institutions
of that city, and inform us that a
taste for driving is one of the insti
tutions of New York. -Writing from
China to a New York paper, Mr.
Seward described a typhoon as "an
eastern institution, which, ''though
doubtless entertaining as a topic for
future narrative, is seldom amusing
as an experience." Before we take ,
leave pf politics, we must notice one :
"institution" of political life. Some
men stand neutral at first in a debate
or an election, iu order to join the
winning sale as soon as they see the
first signs of victory. In America
these prudent iudivldnals are said to.,
be "sitting on a fence," or are called
"fence-men."
Tlic Early Modem Newspapers.
0 - - i
It seems thaj; to Italy the world is
indebted for the origin of the news- ;
paper. ' Centuries before the Chris- j
tian era, or, to give the precise date j
according to the best authorities, G91 i
B. C, a daily journal called the .-lef i !
JJlurna was published at Home. It j
was not in the form of the printed j
paper sheet that is now left at every
intelligent man's door in the early 1
morning; nor was it issued in copi- !
ous editions and circulated among j
the subscribers for a stipulated con- i
siueration. 'Ihe Acta Diurna ias a
public enterprise,, supported by gov
ernment, and tho few copies struck
gS. in Latin script upon white wooden
tablets, were hung at conspicuous
points, in the streets and the fre
quented places of the city, and gave
to the curious passer-by the latest
intelligence. of current events. 0 With
the d.owuftdl of tho western empire
journalism perished, and for upward
of a thoirs-aud dreary years was one.
of th$ lost Und forgotteiparts.
By Italian genius it was ''finally
revived agaiu, and Venice was this
sceije of its second birth. There are
now ill the,-Magliabechia Library of
Florence, thirty" volumes of theohlest
modern newspapers of which we have
any knowledge. It was er titled Ga
ztjftl, as some say, from the word
(Juzzera, signifying magpie or chat
terer, aud, according to others, from 1
the name of the small coin for
which the paper was sold. It was
published at Venice ouce a month In
order of the government, and contin
ued to be written in script, even after
printing had been invented. The'
earliest French journal, the Gazette
deranee, a newspaper still in exis
tence we believe was edited by
ltenaudot, a physician in Paris. It
appeared uas a .weekly, the initial
numbqr dicing issued in April, lool.
ft was patronized by the King, Louis
'XI II., and contained at least one
article penned by the royal hand.
Itoalso enjoyed the support of Car
dinal lbchetieii.
The British 0 Museum preserves
Hom-j copies of a newspaper called
the English Mcrcurie, and professing
to have been published under the
authority of Queen Elizabeth in 1588.
The title of oue of t he numbers reads
thus: "The English J&rcun'e, pub
lished by authoritie, for the preven
tion of false report, imprinted by
Christopt.er Barlnr, her Highness's
printer, No. 50." In it is an account
of theo Spanish Armada, under the
heading: "A journall of what passed
since the 21st of this month, between
her Majesty's fleet and that of Spayne,
transmitted by the Lord Highe Ad
miral to the Lordes of Council." But
the parcrs were not published at the
date and inGthe cirenmstances pre
tended. They have been proved to
be clever forgeries, executed 'about
1700. In 1622, during the Teign of
James Iu a -paper appeared under
the title of the Loudon Weekly Cour
aitt. In 1013, in the time "of the
civil war, a variety of publications
claiming unworthily the oilieo and
the name of newspaper were produc
ed, but, in fact, the first genuine
news journal published in England
was established by Sir Roger L'Es
t range, iu 16G5. It bore the name of
tha Public InJcWgenccr, and survived
until the Loudon Gazette'- was trans
ferred from Oxford to London in
February, 1806.
The first regular newspaper pro
duced inthecUnited States was the
Boston Nun-Letter nwUleh appeared
April 21, 1701. rn September. 1G9S,
an enterprising, printer in Boston
had undertaken to start a newspaper,
but the first edition was suppressed
by the authorities, and only one coiy
is now known to exist.
The San Francisco lieil Estate Cir
cular thus interprets the large mort
gages recently given by .Wm. Sharon:
"The meaning of the large mort
gages last month given by W.Sharon
is that Mr. Sharon has been paying
the Hate Wm. C. R.ilston's deb's.
They amounted to over four million
dollars. Mr. Sharon is to keep Mr.
R ilston's property, which the latter
deeded to him in trust, on the day of
his death. He is said to have 'made
William Sharon, in a pecuniary
Tf ha did. Mr. Sharon has"
nnh fnro-often the obligation
lie
baa mnst noblv steoned in and paid
1 off his late friend's debts."
How Shall We Spell!
"Spelling cmatches," which, last
winter, became epidemic, have had
an influence for reform. In these
contests the anomalies and whimsi
calities of the current orthography
were brought more clearly to popu
lar apprehension. Judges, diviues,
learned professors.Canthors, and ed
itors, and great numbers of well
educated ladies and gentlemen, took
part in these "orthographic tourna
ments," and, as oiie after another
missed somo not very uncommon'
word, and was compelled to retire
from the lists, they became disposed
to admit, with Mr. A. J. Ellis, that
"to spell English is the most diffi
cult of human attainments;" and,
with Franklin, that "those people
sj)ell best who do not know how to
spell." Men are asking whether
there are not, after a.11, as much ab
surdity in representing-liaJf a dozen
different and dissimilar words by one
and the same combination of letters,
the termination oirylt, for instance,
as in the wildest eccentricities of
phonotypy. o
Legislators are beginning to look
at the subject from an economic
point of view, as related to popular
education. Bad spelling, we are told,
costs the country not less than $15j
000,000 a year. Half the time and
money annually spent in the United
States iu teaching 7,000,000 children
to read a:id spell might be saved by
introducing a consistent phonetic
orthography. "T';e cost of print
ing t.;i siier.t let tors of the Eng
lish language," us Professor March
observes, "is to bo counted mil
lions." .Saeh facto are not without
interest for tax-payers. o
Mr. Skeat.. an English scholar of
high repute, .says: "The pace of the
present dav is tremendous, and we
are coming to this, that there will bo
thousands whose interest it is to learn
to read, but who cannot fairly spare
the time to master that peculiar sys
tem of graphy which is useless, pho
netically, but may, by the etymolo
gist, be termed' 'orthography.' "
Prof. Max Muller might be trusted,
one would thiuk, to look out for the
interests of etymology; speaking of
the objections made to phonetic re
form, he says: "One argument which
might be supposed to weigh with
the student of lauguage, viz, the
obscuration of the etymological struc
ture of words, I can not consider
very formidable. ... If our spelling
followed the pronunciation of words,
it would iu reality be of greater hel3
to the critical student of language
than the present uncertain and un
scientific mode of writing;" and he
has expressed a hope "that a begin
ning wj.ll be made before long in
reforming not, indeed, everything,
but at least something in the unhis
toric.d, unsystematic, unintelligible,
unteachable; but by no means una-3
meudable spelling" he is careful not
to say 'orthography "now current c
ia England." o o
There are always not a few old o
fogies who are wedded to old notions
and old fashions, simply because
tuey have been ..accustomed to them
for so long that" they have acquired
what is termed an "historic interest."
Thus such words as "sceptre," "mns
ick," "tneatre," 'honour," etc., are
ceuerated despite the inconsistency
of the spelling and pronunciation.
It is sucu people and such notions
tuat stand in the way of a reform,
however 0 desirable it may be. It
would seem patent to the slightest 0
thinker that many amendments might
be made to our tongue for the better,
ami any movement in such a direc
tion ought to be hailed with spirit.
Most scholars who have given atten
tion to the subject concur in tho
opinion that no reform can be suc
cessful without the co-operation of
printiug olhces. Printers and pub
lishers are naturally on the side of
conservatism. Compositors aud proof
readers ate now our best spellers,
and do not care to be at the trouble
of learning a new method. There i3
much encouragement, however, in
the fact tiiat so many influential
journals are manifesting an interest
in the subject. Should a reasonably
complete system be devised, and bo
adopted by publishers of repute,
success would not lo far distant.
While we confess that there is a
nameless charm for us in te lan
guage which wo have spent so many
years iu wrestling with, yet we would
quickly lay hold upon any clue which
might lead our children out of the
labyrinth of superfluous letters th-t
go to make up words of the common
est use.
"lark Twain.
o c
Coming out of (the Erie Railway
building, I yesterday saw Mark
Twain, whom we used to know in
the old Frisco days as Sam Clemens.
He wears the same old brigand hat
and cloak, and one is always sure
when looking at him that lie would
rather look shabby than wear a pink
overcoat with yellow buttons. It is
just ten years since I sat one day on
the steps of the American House, in
Honolulu,' Sandwich I.-dands, with
Clemens, and happened to mention
that I was writing letters to the New
York Herald. He was then unknown,0
except as an odd character in Sau
Francisco, and as t-he writer of letters
to toe Sacramento Union, and he
very timidly said ho had received an
offer from a musical monthly to write
a page for it for six dollars. He
wanted to cknow whether it would
pay him to go on to New York. I
had never lead anything of his, and
I told hiin that if -he went on to New
York he couldn't earn his salt. Yet
there he stood yesterday, with his
saucy mustache and gimlet eyes, as
unconcerned as if he hadn't mane a
hundred thousand dollars and hadn't
married a giri with more salt laying
around loose than would pickle all
Honolulu. X. F. Cor. Banbury News.
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