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THE EHTEBPRI8E.
OKEGO.V Clir, OlNoS, 3IAR. 19, 1375.'
LeritimUb Results.
It is. refreshing to friends of truo
constitntfona.1 government to find
that Radical Governors of States,
like Howard, of Rhode Island, nre
waking up to the importance 7of
State rights, and while they have
sustained the Fedtral Administration
in its usurpation ?vnd oppression on
theSouth, we findt them prompt in
denouncing -the Authorities- when
they invade the so Ireignty of a Rad
ical State. Tlie sraie usurpations, if
tolerated in one section are easily
carried out on the very States that
aim to oppress others. ,
Ever since the close of the war
the Radical leaders have utterly ig
nored the rights of the States, and
we find such imperialists as Williams
declare that the wAi utterly destroy
ed all the reservelright3 of the sev
; eral States. If t I theory wa3 sus
tained, our govenent is changed
and has none o ' the fundamental
principles which gave it its greatness
ft3 a free and independent nation.
(We are a consolidation, and all pow
er rests in the central despotism."
The General Government has tram
pled under foot the most valuable
safeguards of the liberties of the peo
ple. During the war, there might
have been some excuse for this law
less proceedings. But they are not
satisfied with having acted upon this
principle during the war, and the
habit then acquired is continued to
o this day, wlienever the imaginary
necessities of the case require it.
President urant lias not only exer
cised the power of the most despotic
Emperor, but he has assumed to del
egate that power and invest his un
derlings with siaiilar authority.
While the Democrats have remon
strated against these repeated out
rages upon free and constitutional
government while they have warned
the people of the Northern States
that, although the South was prima
rily the victim, their turn would
come next, they have yet, with the
most criminal stolidity, not only
acquiesced in them, but have endors
ed the usurpers so frequently guilty
of them. Such have been the de
moralizing effects of the war upon
our government, that men applaud
as evidence of patriotism acts infin
itely worse and more dangerous to
the Union than tho:;e for which the
Southern people am held to this day
in bondage, and to overturn which
four years of war was passed through.
We hope the people have realized
the dangers of these repeated viola
tions of our Constitution, and that
the time has come when they will
cease this criminal submission to
O usurpation and wrong. These ideas
are suggested by the speech recently
delivered before . the Rohde Island
Legislature by Governor Iloward,
which we published lat week. Truly
may all hail the patriotic words ut
tered on that occasion, and while Le
is a Radical, wo trast that ho has
learned a lesson that will ever show
him and the country the dangers of
usurpations in tiny part of our coun
try. The powers which have been
exorcised by the Radical Administra
tion are utterly incor sistent with our
freo government,
and if they are
successful, the government has come
to an end, and States, as well as the
people, are at the mercy of a despot
and tyrant. There ii no doubt but
that Grant, Williams and Sheridan,
and the rest of the j understrappers
have seriously violated the laws of
our land and if justice were done
them, they wonld deserve the fate of
traitors. Had the people the pluck
tkey irould soon rend from this petty
tyrant his abused authority. Grant's
crimes Against Louisiana are the
same in quality, though geater in
magnitude, as that of the U. S. Mar
shal's in Rhode Island. Both alike,
by their lawless acts,have attacked
and insulted the dignity and authori
ty of the States, than this there is no
Jngher crime. It is a crime against
the people of the entire Union, and
ought to subject the perpetrators to
the severest vmnUhment. Let us
hope that such things, cannot be, and
the high offenders go ixnwhipt of
justice.
PEKSlSrEXlVN Theik Attesipts.
Gen. Totter, the new Democratic
Governor of Tennessee, who was an
officer in theConfederate service, in
1 making up his staff has conferred the
appointment of Quartermaster-Gen
n
eral upon Capt. Hood, who -served
in the Federal army. This would
hardly be worth mentioning were it
not for the fact that the third-term
faction of the Radical party are per
sistent in their attempts to make the
people of the North believe that in
those of the Southern States which
have once more acquired self-government
a spirit of proscription pre
vails against Union men, when in
reality nothing of the kind exists.
In the Way. The N. Y. Sun
thinks that there is every reason to
expect that Postmaster-General Jew
ell and Secretary Briatow will be in
duced to resign their positions at an
early day. They are in the way of
public plunderers who control Pres
ident Grant, and they will have to
step down anl out goon after "the ad
journment "T Contr.-e.is Wvm th
President lro& to act.'
V
!' I caw,.
The P. D. & S. L. Railroad.
The best news that Oregon has re
ceived lately is contained in the fol-s
lowing telegram from Senator Jas.
K. Kelly: ; ; . , .
Washington, D. C, I
' --. , v March 13, 1875. j
lioir. Henry I ailxno, Mayor:
Negotiations with English parties
for the construction of the Salt Lake
Railroad have resulted favorably.
Contracts partially signed and left
with me. Duplicate sent to England
for further signatures. Terms, twen- j
ty-eight thousand dollars per mile in
first mortgage bonds and some local
aid and inland labor aud material.
""Said to be responsible parties. " Stan
dard guage; through in five years.
Jas. K. Kelly.
From this it appears that the Port
land, Dalles and Salt Lake Railroad
Company has succeeded in procur
ing the. necessary capital to complete
the road, and the time for. its com
pletion is short. To Oregon, this
is the most important event that has
occurred in her history. If this road
is completed, while we have never
been an enthusiast on this question,
wo predict that the next ten years,
just five years after the completion
of the road, Oregon will be the
wealthiest State in the Union. We
have given our millions to en
rich California and the Islands of the
Pacific have thrown their wealth into
the lap of our sister State; but give
us once this connection with the
East, and the wealth of our own
State will be developed, while many
other communities will add to our
resources. The immense country
east of the mountains will bo open
to settlement, and manufactories
and profitable farming will be carried
on in the rich valleys there, which
are capable to rival the famous Wil
lamette valley in everything that can
be produced. It will put that sec
tion in the market, add millions to
our wealth as a State, and .bring to
us such an increase of population as
wo need. The value of this road
cannot be estimated, and we trust
that this glorious news may soon be
followed by the commencement of
work on the road.
Beast Butler Called a Liak. A
telegraphic dispatch to the Xew York
World, dated Washington, Feb. 23th
states that soon after the opening of
the session that morning, there was
a scene on the floor between General
Butler and Judge Poland, followed
by an explosion which did not get
reported in the newspapers. Butler
accused Poland of bad faith in call
ing up the Arkansas resolution. Mr.
Poland denied it, and Butler reiter
ated the charge in his venomous w ay,
when the venerable Vermonter
straightened himself and replied j
"If you say that, sir, yon are a liar,
and I can prove it, and I say it on
my responsibility." "That is pretty
talk," returned Butler,"but it doesn't
require much courage to say it." "I
never pretended to have much," was
the retort, as the Judge moved away,
"and there is certainly no occasion
I f 1 . ,1 1 r - n
iU1 lUvJ "l3lJ11 OI "J muuscase.
More Taxation. The New York
Sun charges that the empty state of
the Treasury is the result of "that
compound of incompetency, extrav
agance, and downright public rob
bery which is known as Grantisin.
It will not be easy for the people,
already exhausted by taxation, to
furnish the additional millions that
are now wanted; but the taxes must
be imposed, nevertheless. Economy
in the expenditures of the Govern
ment is not to be expected. Instead
of curtailing, it is much easier for
Graut and his agents to pile on new
taxes. They must run the machine
at high pressure, no matter how hard
it is for the masses of the country to
furnish the money."
The Sunday Welcome. We are
in receipt of the first issue of a new
paper with this title, published at
Portland by the Sunday Welcome
Company. The paper is a large
eight page form, well fill with read
ing mat te. It is neatly printed and
shows that there is no new hand at
the editorial department. The edit
or's name is not announced, but jt is
generally understood that Mr. Jas.
O'Meara occupie tshat position.
There is no question of Mr. O'Meara' s
abilities; he is universally acknowl
edged to be one of the best writers
on the coaot. The politics of the pa
per appear to be neutral. Subscrip
tion 83 50 per annum, and 2 for six
months.
Coekect Opinion. The telegraph
gives us the following item, the last
clause of which presents a correct
view of our handsome George L.:
The fight against Governor Axtell,
of Utah, was originated and has been
promoted by ex-Governor Woods in
the hope of being reinstated.' Woods
is also making efforts to obtain either
the superintendency of San Francis
co mint or some foreign mission, but
is regarded as an impecunious place
hunter without chances of success.
Died. The wife of Andrew Hill,
Esq., Clerk of Linn county, died at
the residence of Hon. J. H. Hackle
man, at Salem, last Sunday. The
many friends of Mr. Hill will sym
pathize with him in this sad affliction.
The latest news from the New
Hampshire election was received last
Friday, which was very indefinite.
We shall get the truth when the
Eastern papers arrive.
The Pnget Sound Courier says:
Messrs. Goodall, Nelson & Co., of
San Francisco, have announced the
schedule of their steamship line a
the northern route. There will be
j four trips monthly, two "to Victoria
rmd two to the Sound.
,
rrh Vrnflt nf Flax Culture, and
IIIVi"" ,4
its Influence on the boil. -
- The BrtlMli says' that it is com
monly said that flax exhausts the
soil rapidly. This is true if the flax
is pulled; then nothing is returned
to the ground: Flax sown for the
fibre and lint, and not for seed, is
the kind commonly used in Ireland,
and it takes tbetrength. of the laud,
so that for continued culture suitable
manures must be applied. 1
" But the flax mostly" sowt" thus far
in Oregon I has been sown' 'for the
seed. It is shorter aud much more'
branching. Its fibre is strong and
valuable for many purposes, but it is
mostly thrown away. This flax is
cut with a reaper "or a header and
thrashed like wheat.
Colonel T. R. Cornelius states that
he sowed this seed upon land that
would have lain fallow, and gained a
three-fold benefit. First, it grew so
thick as to choke the weeds entirely;
second, he got a crop of seed equal
in value to the wheat crop of the pre
vious year; third, the flax stubble
plowed in enriched his laud and put
it in as good order for -wheat the
next year, as if it had lain fallow.
Some of his neighbors failed of a
good crop : of seed that year be
cause they sowed too late and upon
toe dry ground. It needs moist
land. If these , two conditions are
regarded, there seems no reason to
let ground lie fallow every other
year. If this kind of flax will kill
the weeds, give a crop of seed of
equal value to one of wheat, and en
rich the soil with stubble, farmers
can increase their permanent profits
by its culture.
But a fourth benefit can be gained,
soil too wet for other crops can be
used for this one.
A fifth and greater benefit than all
can be gained by saving the flax
straw for the sake of the fibre. Wil
liam Reid, Esq., who is doing so
much to bring our northwest coast
into proper notice, relates that a few
years since the Government of Aus
tralia offered a bounty of $25,000 for
1,000 yards of linen , made of their
flax. The difficulty of the task was
that the flax raised there is filled
with a gum, which the weavers "of
Dundee could not extract. It injur
ed their looms. The fibre was very
strong and good for ropes and cables,
if kept under water, but w hen dry
they wonld crack and become worth
less. But the great bonus induce J them
to try the experiment. Ry much
perseverance the 1,000 yards were
made and the reward was paid, but
the cloth was gummy and of poor
quality. The chemist also who suc
ceeded in extracting the gum spoiled
the fibre and that flax had to be giv
en up. While this trial was in pro
cess, a friend of Mr. Reid's sent him
a hank of flax, raised for Mr. Hol
man, of Salem, Oregon, for the seed.
Mr. Iteid was surprised at its soft
ness, fineness and strength of fibre.
He showed it to some of the linen
mauufactursrs of Dundee. They
were more surprised. They doubted
the story of its production in Ameri
ca, and thought some one had de
ceived him. He asked what they
would give per ton for such flax.
One man offered oo or 275 per ton,
and another G0 or 300 per ton, and
pledged themselves ready to bargain
for ten years, as the flax in Ireland
is failing every year.
Mr. Reid sent a sample to Belfast,
the great linen manufactory of Eu
rope. That sample brought the
Messrs. Williamson Brothers from
Belfast to Oregon last year. They
introduced the seed which gives the
long fibre, and raised over two hun
dred acres of it. This lint has been
sent to Belfast, received and reported
in their journals. The success is so
remarkable that the most sanguine
are surprised. The Messrs. Wil
liamson have already hired 400 acres
for next year's crop, at a rental of
15 per acre.
Mr, Reid remarks that flax will
bring out Oregon and Washington,
even if we had nothing else.
The papers report that Mr. Hol
man has engaged our farmers to sow
12,000 a-res this year for the seed
alone. The straw or fibre for the
most part will probably be thrown
away as in years past. Yet this flax
prepared and sent to Dundee, is
worth 200 to 300 per ton. If at
that price it will not bear shipment,
it will surely bear fo be made into
burlaps, twine and cordage in Ore
gon as well as in California.
Oscar Belljnger, son of Hon. C. B.
Bellinger, aged about 16 years, met
with a painful accident last Saturday
afternoon. In company with another
boy about his own age he was out
hunting and fishing in the vicinity
of the O. & C. R. R. car shops, when
the accident occurred. Young Bel
linger stooped to pick up his fowling
piece, and in doing so the hammer
of the shot-gun became tangled in
some manner, and the weapon was
discharged. The contents took ef
fect in the fleshy portion of the right
forearm, the shot entering the flesh
four or five inches below the elbow
joint, and ranging upward, lascerat
ing the limb in a horrible manner.
The bones of the foi-earm were laid
bare for several inches. Young Bel
linger bonnd up the wounded and
bleeding limb, and with the aid of
his companion, made his way to
East Portland. Dr. Raffety was call
ed and dressed the wound. The
wound is a -fleh one, and although
quite severe, is riot regarded "as dangerous.
COURTESY OF BANCROFT LIBRARY,
UNIVERSITY CF CALIFORNIA,
Comments on the Removal. :
.The Salem Mercury hai the follow
ing in regard to the removal of Hon.
Henry Warren: v ; ' -M ? ''
, The eastern exchanges reveal to us
the fact that Hon. Henry Warren,
Receiver at the Oregon - City Land
Office, has been removed at the in
stance of Senator, Hippie, and Ins
place filled by theappointment of T.
R. Harrison, of Yamhill county, a
truculent partisan of Hippie's," who
was elected as a Corbett man to the
Legislature of 1872, but voted heartily
for Hippie. And who was the chief
champion at the' Albany convention
that nominated Hiram Smith, in car
rying through that, convention-the
celebrated resolution endorsing and
whitewashing Hipple'Tllis appoint
ment was not reported by telegram
at the time, Hippie fearing the in
dignation from an outraged people
when they heard that an honest and
faithful officer, such as Mr. Warren
was, had been disposed of "and old
Hanison, as he is familiarly known
over in Yamhill, appointed to his
place, and particularly when it was
known by what peculiar circumstan
ces he had secured the friendship of
Mr. Hippie. .. . '
Mr. Warren formerly lived in
Yamhill county und by his upright
course of life while there and by the
honest, faithful and impartial dis
charge of his duties, as Receiver in
the Land Office, gained a very large
number of friends in that county
and elsewhere in this land district,
who everywhere are speaking out
against this uncalled action of Hip
pie. Harrison is unknown to fame
except as his fortunes have been
linked to the fortunes of Senator
Hipile, and his honesty and integri
ty are reported by his neighbors to
be rather of a questionable character
besides being, wholly, unfit for the
duties of the office. -
Mr. Warren's removal, like thou
sands of others, by. Grant, is the re
moval of honesty and capability with
the uncertainty of combining the
same virtues in those who are called
to fill the vacancies, and in a major
ity of the cases known dishonesty
and fraud wero sought for in the
place of probity and qualifications.
Harrison's appointment is in keep
ing with all of Hippie's acts in re
moving faithful officers to make
place for his personal followers at
the sacrifice of his party and honesty.
Tiook at Gibson, at Portlond, who
lately retired from the Revenue De
partment because of a little matter
of 130 he had failed $ make straight
between the Treasury Department
and a private citizen. He was one
of Hippie's appointees. As a remov
er from office, Hippie has been a
grand success, in fact that is the only
snccess that he has met with since
his election to the Senate. He has
no legitimates power at Washington
now and when Grant takes his de
parture from the White House in
March 1877, he will bo a blank. He
even did not have interest enough
for Oregon to be in his seat on the
final vote at' the third reading of the
P. D. & S. L. Railroad bill.
The next news that we may expect
to hear is the issuance of an order
by the President for the removal of
the Oregon City Land Office to the
city of Portland to assist in sustain
ing the fallen fortunes of the Radical
party in that stronghold of Republi
canism, as has been done in the case
of the office of the Surveyor General
of Oregon, that is to bc put on
wheels and taken to that city on the
1st of next month.
Would it Xot bcJctter
Mr. Daniel Clark, who h as been
east attending the session of the
National Grange, at Charleston,
writes from Omaha as follows:
I wish here to speak of business
to Patrons of Oregon and Washing
ton Territory. First, let me say, be
patient and truo and all will be well.
I have been enabled to prepare the
way for making arrangements with
and receiving propositions from
manufacturers that I think will be of
great advantage to our members, for
the following articles: Mowers, com
bined reapers and mowers, self rak
ers, headers, combined harvesterand
header (to cut eight feet, and three
or four men can bind eighteen .acres
Xier day), plows (with or without
stocks), the right to manufacture
tho combined harvester and header,
sewing machines, organs etc. For
all those articles proposals have beon
made that I think will give entire
satisfaction; also improvements on
wagons.
Would it not be better for our
Granger friends to -make arrange
ments to manufacture these articles
at home, and thus build up the State
and stop enriching some other man
ufacturing communities? Could not
(if the established factories will not
compete with those of the East) the
Grangers start -their own factories,
and thus insrease tho population of
our State and keep tho immense sums
of money annually sent out of the
couutry at home, besides bringing
here a consuming population for the
farmers' products? In our opinion,
the farmers cannot expect to prosper
as they ought until they concentrate
their energies to create home manu
factories and thus consume the sur
plus products by an increased popu
lation. These are suggestions we
hope the Grangers will take under
consideration.
Well Answeked. The President
inquires: "What is there to prevent
each of the States recently re-admitted
to the Federal relations on cer
tain conditions from changing their
Constitutions" if the doings in Ar
kansas are allowed to pass unnoticed
and unpunished? Nothing whatever,
sir, remarks the Springfield Republi
can, provided these States keep with
in the limits of the Federal Constitu
tion, which is the supreme law of
the land. . Within these limits Geor
gia and Mississippi are as free to
modify, alter, amend or replace their
Constitutions as New York and Mas
sachusetts. They have the same
rights and powers in the premises;
neither more nor less.
Jacksonville
is to have an Alden
1 fruit dryer.
TKLRCKAPIIIC NEWS.
Detkoit, March 12. Judge John
W. Longyear, of the U. S. district
court, died suddenly about twelve
o'clock last night.
Columbus, O., March 11. About
140 persons from Ohio and i Western
Pennsylvania, assembled to day' to
take some action to secure the adop
tion of an amendment to the consti
tution acknowledging the existence
of a God. The usual resolutions
were adopted." '
New -York, March-11. Thurlow
week says he is agreeably disappoint
ed by the result of theNev Hamp
shire election. The Democratic de
feat was caused by their sending two
rebel generals to stumithe State
and by the Republican repudiation
of the third term.
There is nothing this morning
changingyesterday's New Hampshire
returns. Tho Herald regards the
New Hampshire election result as a
check and warning to the Democra
cy, who must avoid their -tendency
to Bourbonism, if they would hope
to recover power. If the Republi
can party repudiates Grantisin it has
more than, an even chance for the
next presidential election. The
Tribune also assumes : that the
Republican gains result from partial
repudiation of tho third-term. The
New Hampshire result is a lesson to
both parties.
Chicago, March 11. A Nashville
Tenn., special says the State Senate
yesterday adopted a resolution to ap
point a committee to fully investigate
tho charges that Senator Andrew
Johnson 'bought votes of members
of the legislature from Shelby Co.
At Effingham, 111., yesterday, John
Gammon, a member of the firm of
S. W. Little &" Co., millers of that
place, and a highly esteemed citizen,
was arrested by the sheriff of Schuy
ler county, 111., on a charge of hav
ing murdered a man in Rushville, in
that county, 11 years ago, and after
wards breaking jail and getting aw ay
since when no trace could be found
of him until recently. The sheriff
took Gammon in irons back to Rush
ville. New Yoi.k, March 12. A London
letter states that the banquet to the
Prince Imperial at Woolwich has
given rise to a good deal of cricism
both here and in France. The com
mander of the garrison, who presid
ed, made an exceedingly fulsome
speech to the prince, and even went
so far as to express a hope that the
sword of England might one day bo
at his service. It is understood tho
prince is to be attached to tho staff
of the Duke of Cambridge. Ex
Empress Eugenie has, it is said, just
contracted another private loan.
Chicago, March 12. Thero is con
siderable excitement among a largo
number of unemployed men in this
vicinity over the proposed expedi
tion to the Black Hills, and dispatch
es from Sioux City, St. Paul, - and
other places nearer tho hills, report
parties forming to go to tho mines.
Meanwhile Gen. Ord, at Omaha, has
issued orders directing troops to
occupy the mining district, divided
into small camps and employing a
sufficient number of Indian rnnners
to preclude the possibility of persons
entering tho territory without being
discovered. Whenever found they
will be quietly escorted from the
Territory.
A Washington special reiterates
that the Government is fully deter
mined to prevent any incursions into
the Black Hills country, and parties
fitting out expeditions are warned
that they will only bring trouble
upon themselves.
Chicago, March 12. Complete
statistics of pork packing at this
point the past season show a total of
1,00,213 hogs packed, an increase
over last year of 170,.'S21.
Montgomery, March 12. The pro
prietor of a minstrel show was ar
rested last night and held, to appear
before the U. S. commissioner, for
a violation of the civil rights bill in
refusing to sell negroes seats in the
parquette.
Baltimore, March 12. George
Wheeler, hanged at Weston, Md.,
for the murder of Mrs. Margarette
Witham While last Jul confessed
the crime and announced th:it he was
going to his father.
SiTiiNGt'iKLD, 111., March 15.
Wm. A. Turney, twelve years clerk
of the supreme court, central divis
ion, died at his home here ycstei-day,
aged 13.
Netv" York, March 15.-TLe jour
neymen printers struck to-day fi?inst
an increase of their houi'sfor labor
from 8 to 10: daily pav, from 3 to
3 50.' ' . "
A bill has been introduced into the
Delaware legislature to oilset the
effect of the civil rights bill in that
State. ...
Montgomery, March 13. The ne
groes swore out anew warrant against
Col. Wagner, proprietor of the min
strel troupe, and his ticket agent.
The former was discharged and the
latter gave bonds to appear at the
next term of court. The case has
caused several theatrical companies
to cancel engagements for this city.
Chicago, March 13. A Topeka,
Kansas, dispatch says that the fa
mous 7,000 package of greenbacks,
which, it is alleged, Pomeroy gave
State Senator York two years ago as
a bribe to vote for him for United
States Senator, and which has been
in the hands of the State Treasurer,
where York placed it, ever since, was
finally disposed of yesterday, the
Attorney General having decided
that the State had no right to the
money, and the several legal actions
pending for its recovery having been
dismissed the custodian turned it
over to Pomeroy, paying out of it
the costs incurred in the prosecution
of the bribery suit against him,
amounting to about 2,000. This, it
is understood, will end the whole
matter, and the criminal suit now
pending against Pomeroy will be
promptly dismissed at the next term
of the court.
Bothers Grant. How to strike
down Pinchback without overthrow
ing the Kellogg government, where
on all of Casey's hopes must rest,
bothers Grant, the New York Sun
thinks, and bothers far clearer heads
than his; and the wily mnlotto has
been shrewd enough to profit by
their perplexity, and hold them at
bay from the opening of the Forty
third Congress till now. When
Pinchback is declared a Senator, let
honest men draw from it all the con
solation they can, and be specially
thankful that it is not Casey. -
WASHINGTON NEWS.
Washington, March 11. General
Sheridan left here . to-day for New
Orleans via Chicago. - His conduct
of affairs ; during the recent troubles
in New Orleans was approved by the
President. When the pending Lou
isiana compromise will be fully con
sumated a portion of the troops will
be withdrawn from New Orleans.
Late private advices from that city
show that while a few ultra politi
cians on both" sides are not inclined
to a settlement on the proposed basis
a large majority of the people, in
cluding merchants and planters," are
willing for peace on almost any
terms, as their material interests are
very seriously injured by continued
political commotions. " ""
, The Senate confirmad Charles C.
Sheets, of Alabama, 6th auditor of
the treasury.
: General Augur goes to New Or
leans to succeed Emory; Gen. Ord
to San ' Antonia, Texas, to succeed
Gen. Augur; Gen. Crook to Depart
ment of tho Platte" to succeed Gen.'
Ord; Gen. Kautz takes command in
Arizona. These changes indicate
tho retirement of Gen. Emory, now
in command in Louisiana.
Kinsmore,nominated Federal judge
of the western district of Arkansas,
was judge advocate-general of the
army of the Gulf under Gen. Butler,
who has the credit of his nomination.
There is much denunciation of the
appointment as unfit to be made, and
the Massachusetts Senators are urged
to show their independence by de
feating it.
The caucus of Republican Senators
this morning re-elected John L.
French, the present sergeant-at-arms;
also voted to sustain Dr. Sunderland
as Chaplain.
The President to-day signed the
commission of Orth, minister to Aus
tria, and Maynard, Minister to Tur
key. "A postoflice circular of instructions
show that recent legislation has fixed
on transient newspapers at one cent
per ounce.
! Washington, March 12. In re
gard to the charge that Andrew
Johnson paid 10,000 to secure his
election to the Senate, an investiga
tion has been begun by the Tennes
see Legislature. Johnson says there
are several reasons why the charge
cannot be true, among them that
since Jay Cooke's failure, whereby
he lost 70,000, he has not had mon
ey enough to to piy ordinary elec
tion expense. Johnson explains that
in Memphis and Shelby county, by
general consent, it was arranged that
Johnson's theories as to the election
of Senators by the people be put in
practice in that city and county. Ac
cordingly all the legislative candid
ates promised to abide by the in
structions of tho people. A separate
ballot-box was placed at each election
precinct, and in it were placed votes
for U. S. Senators, Johnson receiv
ing nearly three to one of the entire
vote. The members of the Legisla
ture wero thus pledged to Johnson,
and in obedience to the popular de
mand they voted for him, although
some of them were opposed to him.
A letter received, here from tho
person who circulated the bribery
charges in connection with Andrew
Johnson's election to the Senate, ad
mits that he makes no charge that
Johnson was cognizant of any pur
chase of votes.
Chicago, March 12. Tho Time
Washington special says there is now
no ehanee for Pinch back's admission;
that tho speech of Christiancy, of
Michigan, yesterday, while it mar'.e
no votes, is indicative of the way all
Republican Senators will vote. The
same special says: In his speech yes
terday, Christiancy showed he had
no great reverence for Attorney Gen
eral Williams. In one place he blam
ed him as one of the President's bad
advisors, and again he made a point
in which he said it ,was conceded by
all lawyers in America, Gen. Wil
liams alone excepted. if he might call
him an exception. The Senate yes
terday decided to close the debate on
the Pinchback question on Tuesday.
Rumor that Schenck returns soon
is renewed, and that he only awaits
the selection of a successor. Attor
ney General Williams' name is men
tioned, with the strangely improba
ble rumor-that General 'lintler be
comes Attorney General.
Andrew I). White is talked' of for
State Department, if Fish can be in
duced to go to London.
A Washington special says in re
gard to the rumors of the retirement
Of Attorney General Williams from
the Cabinet, that Beck, of Kentucky,
in conversation C'th the correspond
ent, says Williams' retirement is cer
tain, as he never will wait unJi! a
Democratic House of Representa
tives assembles, as they would surely
impeach him. Beck is" represented
as saying the same; facts that caused
the impeachment of Durell, of New
Orleans, would be used in the im
peachment of Williams, for he auth
orized the acts upon which Durell's
impeachment was based, and this is
only one among his official acts de
serving impeachment. -
Washington, March 1C. It is
stated that the result of the Louisi
ana arbitration will givo the Conser
vatives the Lower House, but thero
will be a small Republican majority
on joint ballot, which will rcake the
Senatorial contest in case of the re
jection of Pinchback very exciting.
A correspondent of the Albany
Regime- writing from the forks of
the Santiam, says a school . teacher
there who teaches that the earth is
flat, called up a small "boy 12 years
of age, last week, for a very trifling
offense, stripped him down to a thin
shirt, and then whipped him unmer
cifully, leaving marks that could be
counted fifty yards. The flesh was
badly bruised. It makes my heart
sick to think of it. The father of
the boy had the young teacher
(Franklin Crabtree) arrested and
brought before the Hon. H. Derthick
and fined 50 and costs, and every
body said amon. He has left for Ar
izona, and there is many, a tear that
will not bo shed on account of his
sudden departure.
Married. Mrs. E. C. Church,
widow of the late Stephen Church,
was married to Hon. J. J. Murphy,
of Salem, last week. We join with
their many friends in wishing them
much happiness and a pleasant jour
ney down the path of life.
The appropriation for surveying
publio lands in Oregon is 60,000,
the same as last year.
The Flax CulturiQJJ
We feel a deep interest in thi8nia
ter, and. with the hope ofinduet j
our farmers to go into this branch r r
agriculture, and eventually
the erection of a bag factory in 0Jl
State, which can be done by tho.
engaging in raising flax, we Lave de
voted much space to the subject ,m
'-.-" "jug relative to the
question is of general interest to era?
farming population. An eastern ar
ncultural paper says that "the grow
wg interest in flax culture is 0ne
more indication that the farmer are
waking up to the necessity for a di
versity of crops. -.The days when
the true farmer will raise only wheat
and oats are gone by, and all those
who know their own best interests
see that they must not confine them
selves to the production of only one
or two crops. Flax supplies the
place of another variety of paving
crop, so that if one fails there'will
be something to fall bade on. The
culture of flax is as easy.and simple
as that of wheat, and is not so ex
haustive to the land. In 1873 the
United States paid to foreign conn
tries $22,823,020 in gold for flax, raw
and manufactured. There is no rea
son why we should pay this large
amount for articles which can just as
well be raised and manufactured at
home. Our soil and climate are well
adopted to the production of flax
and wo might, with the same propri
ety, neglect the culture of corn or
wheat, and depend on other nations
for a supply of these articles. Flax
is a very quick crop the producer
can receive his money within fonr
months from the time of sowing the
seed, aud is one of the' best crops to
prepare the land for winter wheat.
The selection of soil for fl x depends
somewhat on the object in view to
raising the crop. If seed alone is
wanted the best yield can be obtain
ed from dry, rolling, moderately rich
land. If straw is wanted choose
moist, rich land, such as our creek
and river bottoms. The land should
be clean from Aveeds, and if sonio
cleaning crop, such as corn, turnip,
or potatoes, was raised on tho land
the year previous, so much the bet
ter. On dirty land the expenses of
raising and harvesting the crop will
be more than doubled. Tile land
should be plowed in the fall, and, if
poi.-ible, again in the spring. Tho
soil must be put in the finest possible)
condition and bo made smooth and
mellow before the flax is sown. Tho
seed should bo covered with a brns!i
harrow or roller, as, if covered too
deep, it Avill not come well. A heavy
raiu immediately after sowing will
cover the seed sufficiently, provided
the soil be very fine and m-.-llow.
Great care should l e taken to pro
cure seed of good quality. It should
be fully matured, plump and gloss v,
and free from foul seeds. For fibre
sow from, two to t wo aud a half bush
els to the acre; if good seed is desir
ed, from sixteen to twenty qu.jrJs
will be sufficient. If sown too thick,
the heads will be smaller and not as
Avell filled Avith seed. , The fc-Nl
should be sown as soon after tho 1st
of April as the ground is in pro er
condition.
Flax should be cut as soon as the
bolls begin to turn brown; as. if left
standing -too long, there will lai
great loss of seed in harvesting. It
may be cut with almost any reaper,
and if raised principally for seed
there is no necessity for binding it,
but it may be left in gavels until dry,
when it is ready for threshing. It is
better to thresh early. For threshing
some use a, flail; others tramp out
the seed with horses; Avhiie others
use the common threshing machine?,
with some slight alterations. The
average yield is from twelve to fif
teen bushels per acre. Flax is often
sown with barley. The barley should
be sown first and LarroAved in: after
ward the flax is sown and rolled or
covered with a brush harrow. In
thii way a yield of from fifteen to
twenty bushels of barley and from
ten to twelve of flax can be obtained;
and by the use of proper screens the
barley and flax can be readily sepa
rated.
' At present prices flax , straw - is
worth but little, excepting near a fac
tory. Where there are convenieL-
ces for the manufacture of flax straw
is worth from four to six dollars per
A.
acre. Flax seed is worth about SI 70
per bushel. , The culture of flax i
rapidly increasing in the united
btates. ' In 185a the value of linseed
oil manufactured was 1,916,931, and
in 18 0 it had increased to 8,S01,9G2.
But the neglect of utilizing the stalks
has been a great loss to the" country.
The establishment of manufactories
for using flax straw would add great
ly to the wealth of the country, not
only by manufacturing the linen
goods which we now import, but by
giving to farmers an increased value
for their flax crops. When the str"
cannot be sold the culture of fiax is
still more profitable than wheat cul
ture, and it adds one more crop t
the rotation which should be practic
ed on every well-conducted farm.
m
The Hillsboro Independent says:
Our weather growlers will please no
tice this item: T. W. Fettinger, ?
this place, received a letter from n13
brother in Charlotte, Michigan, stat
ing that on the 25th of February, J
7 a. sr., the thermometer stood r
that place 40 degrees below zero
On the same day of the month 3ir
Pettinger noted his thermometer1
40 degrees above zero, or 80 &c&f?
warmer than it was a Chariot -Michigan.
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