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About Beaver State herald. (Gresham and Montavilla, Multnomah Co., Or.) 190?-1914 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 6, 1907)
SUPPLEMENT ——~ r»> —- ------ niE HERALD. F11DAT DIUBMIM «. ISO? PRESiÜENi’ü N-i nal’nn has gr»a»»r r»s«ur* •» than nur« an-l I * ti. ok ■ i I • t r «u n| that th" lili«** • of II • ||I»I...| I <O. . gM.it>. Ut • i»> and lh>lo»trlal Nbllil> In rm nation • r» the tuii'l meni u I bualnaa« < »ndltluns ^«•und* t Ilian in -, ,i» at this very moment, And It la f, ->ll«i> wh< ii a-i- h 1« in«» . ,»«» f- * people la hoard iimnay lt>at»<*d of heaping It I m sound bank». (<>r U |a vu> u huai-l .« that la Ilia Imnivdiala *p « *«:,in of money siringali* y M- tauvci as a rul". ih» i,nsin»>» ’»f our p»-*p!» 1« - uitdu tad with l ur-.-aly and prul.lti an-l ibi» a| pila» «llk» to farm» ami fa-loi ir« tu i .«Hr'■*«.'• and t anl-a to all our lealllmaia >.*nim*t>-!«| snterpria*» lit any lai g» b**dy *»f mm h«»w»v»r there • re .rtiiin i<> h «.*!«• who a • -I i-«I. an<| if th» . ‘»ndithina ar» »urh th-*! th»a» !••• prosper oi I • Impually thalr »»ampi» is • *-»ry »vi. tlilti» lit» «>>minui*ity Whir» th»»» man ara iiu-a man of great sagarlty and of leu per amant . both pua. rupuluu» and reckless. • nd where ilea undlll<>us are sudi thaï thay at w Hhcitil mpi «latón or control end oi first wHIv-ut effective « h»« k from public opinion. they deluda many Inna* »nt p«*ople lat-i making Inveatiti*nis or »mharkii-g in bit-da wf |>u«ln»sa lhal «»* really u'''**un«i ' « n the till« ! -. ; . Ilf g aa a,, <«aful , -11» h«>ne»< H»»n «r» dia«»*vrr»d. suff»Gng com»« n 't only upon t|«aiit, but up«»n th* innucvnl in-n w'-.m ihr* i n« ml»:-.1 h la « è am fui awakrtilM« Mh>n»irr It .,- -it» rtn<! Hal urally When It dora <- . uf G -»«• w t-o auffa* • r» apt to f tgrl that Gt» l-i »t It waa d* I painful it would In th» rff It to t unía.I 1'1» guilty It la both w|»a «tut propri I . au-laavur eu far as I».- «Ibi» tu minimisa lha -I.airea« of ttmaa wtio hav» t>»»n misled by th« admy Y*< II Io n<»t | h >««H la lw refrain ba. au«--- “f lu h dls'iaaa rimo «trivi! g t<> p- l an «nd l> th- mladards that a»» tha uhloial«* . ausa« «>f Iti» Suffering and a« a m« > a Io thia rml wh«ra possible I-* punish th.«. fra, •>, !«- fut lh«m There may be hunaat diff«<on «» <>f Opinion a» tu mnnyt il«*«rnuirutai ; <» i but aufrly lh«r« ran 1.« « • « ■ h diffami r» • • |.i th* need »f - Hfilh. hlrB parar * erant a In »ha war a«4ln*l • >- > r»«r |L <! «imnraty IN I I. •<•» I i I I. < <»V| Ml K< b No amali tkat we ha*» romes rat r «Mi" ths Nb ional uf Ind* p«nd»ti' a In Iti» wla» to ronaarva ihla virtu» snd t-r pi Id» f ruMipatlbl» with sv< Ing thaï I • ■ • -I • ■ n>>l beeom» a liberty • • Is th* hind *-f liberty that ft»« la k of all . ■ffe- tlv< fegulaii i» Inevitably br*. !» Tho founder» ut th« « tiatllut) fl provided that Ih» Na ll->n«l Coirruiurht »hould hav» complete and »«>1« runit I of in!»r«t«i» comm «re» Thur waa than pfscilcaliy n>i fi Intarsisi* tu al nr a* »a*o au* h aa was col inducted by water, and thia th» Natlunel Gnv vernmant a< • ' <• I •—-■'! ___ _ _ '»guíate Ih th'irougtiguiMg • ' ’ Conditions have hu« »<< wholly fhaniwi ihat th* Intarsiai ta r*»tt> merca by walar la ln»lgn>fi- »nt «■ impar«*! with th» sHiuuni that g<>»« by land, and a«* m*»»t ail big t>u«ii>«*Mi ton. ma a*» n-»w en gagrrl In liit»ra!a!» - ■■ tntncM « A» a result. It ran bo but paeHally poOaily and Imperfart ;> • , ' ’ ■ « Haled by the artion «f «»y • n» of th» «ovara! atat»», «urh action |n- • vitably tending to b» 'llher loo dr*«ttr or • ¡»a t* is a a *>d In «t t •r rsa» Ineffective fur purpose» of*justice G >nly ths National (loirt nni«ni ran In thorn» ughgolng faahion exercise in« t*»«d«<! control • I Thia do»» not m»an lhai th«r» ahould b* any egt»n«l>»n *>C Federal authority fur such authority ai ready calais under th» In Constitution • mpioat and most far reaching for tn. but |t does mean that there atm ul<l b» an »-I a I y n slon -f F**t«ra! activity Thia la n«t t i I Vor-Sl Ing r-nt rallsattr It I* i merely lo*>b « Ing farts in th» fa and realising that r»nt*aH»atl< n in busi as has already com- an-l mi r» »• h» be avoided »*. id« nr undon* and that th« put'll at large rah only pr-><»ot lt««lf from certain • «II •(!-■■ I» of f*G« bueln*»» rentrmiiaatl *n by providing betG-r meth-Ml» for th* sa«rclas uf control through th* authority already rantrAllgcd in th* National Government by th« C-matltutl- n lt»*lf The»« must I-« rm halt In tn* healthy run- at t o* ii * * • <»ur«e of t -• n<tinn ■ "i which this Na lion ha» alerted ri ted tn pursue, pursue, an-l has at*a<lliy pursued, th* last «is si* year« year» «■ ah->wn >ued. during the bnth i in tha laglalatl* n of th* Congr»»« an<1 th« a«1mml«< i atb’n <>f th» law by th« |> . tmrnt *f Juatoe The rooat vital ned 1‘ I» In ■i-h»<TI- n with the rallruada Aa to Hirer *n my Judgment ¿here «h>ul4 now bo either a Nati’nal Incorporation art <*r » law ||< eryeing railway companies to rngaga tn intervint» rotnnwh rutnmrt-» u,*-n certain c-»r.’ * u d 111 < f i • lhe law should eb'-uld I I- •• fratn««! a« to give tn th» lnt«*telat* ’>< luterilat* < Commerce C«-mml« al-in p'.wrr t u peas upon the future itau* of »ovurl’l*«. while amp » m»an« «hould 1.« provided to »nublo ths C*»mtr.i«el>>n. w h* ttrver In it« Jt.di turnt I! !« iir>-<*««ar). to make a phy«l deal uiii.ui- n of any rail- road tgr tn the Un». As I stated In g*»»» a year ago. shotiUl !■• glvm power I*» mter emenls, subject to these agi ••amenta b mad* public In minute detail and I consent of th»» Int "ratai» ( immerce ls«lon being flrot ital <1-»v einment ebtaln*»d. I'ntll the • ««-im*« proper r»»nt Interstate com* tnerrv. In th* exercl lhe authority it noeea, It will be |mpo»«ible rlthet already p li give or tn get fiom ths ralli -a-H full Ju* The railroads and All other great < -r Ile» porat1«>n« will -bi •» well to remgnian that this control must cot -me, the only question Is as to what govei rnmentai body van most wlariy The courts will determine the exorcisa It limits within i which the Federal authority can exorcise ' It. and there will still r«*tnaii ample work Wltlllll i rrt- h stale f*»i th-- r -i way commission of that state, atyl th-- Nail**nal Intrraiate Commerce t’ommlSAiun will work in harmony with the i •OVVI Ml stat« <'<imml»«l<>tia. each within It« I OW II pruvln« **, to nchlo v « th* «teslred -did. Mirriimn Anti (rust Law Moreover, in my Judgment there should legis'at l-m looking tn the be n-l-H’I in« I gi ■ vtB businei*« • - - •ii pK>p«-r control of 11 rert-s engug* -I in interstate business, thl* control I • l»e exercised f-»r their own l> is than for the pro r t-<tlon of -in i t-» an-l of the general pub )|c. As I have repeatedly »nl«l In meg- angea t<> the Congress and elsewhere, egpe ylem * ha* definitely shown not merely th« tin vrisvlolll but the futility of •'I icl •• * -»r 111K t* put a stop tn nil bu»ln«'ss burin* *s combinations Modern Industrial condition« •on*!ltlon» are au-h that comblnution Is not only necessary but in It Is so in the world of buslnc ■< evitable . Just a» It Is so in ths world of labor, and II | m as idle to * drslrr to put an « nd to all cor poratlons. to all big comblnntl-ns of capital. combinations a* to desire tn put an eml ]o t of labor c’orp>iatlon an-l labor union a tike have come to sta> Each If properly man siiril Is a sourc e of good an-l not evil When ever tn either there |s e\||. It should I»* promptly held to account, but It should receive hearty enc«»v.ra.< tnrnt so long a« it Is properly managed It I- pi ifnundl) ’•tn moral t<> put or keep on the »taint*- books a law. nominally in the Interest <»f public morality, that H-nlly put« a pi-inlutn upon public immorality, by undertaking to for 1>ld honest men from doing what mu»t I»»* done under modern business ccm-iltlm«, ■<> that the Invv Itself provide« that its own In fraction must be the c -ndltlon precedent upon hualnvss su- «*» •■» To alm at th** m* c-ompllflhtii* nt of t-»-» much usually means <hr .»> ---mpllshm- tit of too llttir. and often th«* doing -»f p-’Sltlve damage Antl-Trimt l-aw should Not Hr Repealed. The anil tiust Invv should not be repralru. f-ut It si III«! be mud* both m--i-* rffr, t|<«- • nd more in harmony It should be d f--rb|d only the kind of - j»ml-m.i t b-n w hl- h to “ lhe g* net Al public. d-»rs bai m *~ amendment to be a--< <nnpllshrd by, or t-» l>, an in- hl» nt of, a grunt of «upervl.snry pou. <-> th-* Government ov--r th- - big -on . m engaged In Inirraiatr business This ln-ui-1 be arc--tn.-anl -I I provl.Ml -n for th* coin pulsory pv Mi--Atlon of n« T l r huiit« an-l , . . ths subject Ion of books and paper» tn th« in •pe< tlon of * th«' government officials : _ ■ '* A beginning hss already b* • n made for su<*h supervision by the establishment of »hs Jiureau *»f (’nrporatlons The anti trust law ohnuld n-»t prohibit combi nn t l.me that «Io no injustice to the public, still less thns« th»* exl«trn*e of which 1« on ths whole of b»*n*fit to the public Rut even If thia feature of the law were • bollahed, there would remain as nn equally abjectlonabl« feature the difficulty anti <1* lay sow incident to Ils »ntui cstrmt. The « I *. v »»«■»»,«-rt « fiioal n v »,t.oi!i !• t.^a p,.. approved by lhe (lovernmsnt and must ba i.j’.a*..| -h-lay i- i *• biMhiHig a finii Issued undsr a h«avy tai This would par d-1 laloii ut Die « -»urta - p-»n pi-.* »>• -Ilnga in mil • urr*n> y being Issued when the demand stltutad, eii-l ev«n a favvmbie d«< r»« mny for |t w«s inseni wi'llw s«<urlng l|g retire meati alt «mpty vi» tory Muieuvar, tu «i ment as the demand fall off It Is worth while tempi (u control thege -<*rp<>r»t|oii« by la» tn > «ellgsI mg to Usteriuiria whslher uffl'»*rs sull« nivali» li» liiip/M up->H boto thè D* and dire-t-ira of National banks should partmmi *-f Ju»tl««kml ih« «-»uri» au I h * • ver be ailuwsd to loan to them»«i**s il-i-l-o, I- la m>t ftMMlblg Iu «a-., Tr-st r ompanlsa should 1.« subje-t to ths ->n mure Gian a iitniled buim U i uf «u- li s-i'ii* super vision «a banks, legislation to ■ult» fu** a law t» b» *»ally affanti»» must this ef:«« t should b» enacted f<*r the Dis uf uetirs» be s-lmi >,i«i « - «•>! o, u,. . lrl>t of C oluitibla ar-d the Territories •’"•I> -• 1 ' l‘ ’ 0.1.., I > M.aiiH« ..f ..i A ¥»l we must also remember that even lha •olii I l.< -l.al«). al,..., .1 |,. *., pia.- Il* Ib« wisest isglslwlluii on lhe subje* i tan or ly ubuse» lh*ld»ut tu thè • leatluM uf utihaalluy a »’re» nidi h a rsrtsln amount Nu legislation aihì luiprupur < nini,thaiioii», ii*»t««d of watt *»an by any possibility guarante* the busi li.« i.ojli Ml» |h tal»-rh<w «ii'l <li«h «I ness community against the results of spe* il ivmpting tu ,i..t(-.r ihain !» girli m eri* lative fully any m-As than It can guarantee Inai pi <>« • ediiig« an Individual against th« r«suits of his a* A • umbliiaGuo should noi b« tularatvd If travegance When an individual in-»rtg«g«*a Il abusa tua power e-quitvd by « emblMllluh hla house to |,ur an automobile he Invite« <• Giu publl’ do. liti.- ut .Su . uiy-H-lh-H ■'! ■It aster, ard whsn wealthy men <»r rn*n • • 1 I > Il I •’><»■. 1*1 I.» |.»l|lilt1a<l who pose as such, or are uns rupulously lo rh»ag* In p.i.iuh ui Ihlureioi« < <>iinii«-r< ■ or foolishly eager to be* urn« su> li. Indulge timi la (urm«tl fur tira pmpoaa uf. or whuea In rack lea» spei reckless sp«>< ulatl*>n ul«tl->r> espe* lelly If It ie opri alluna * resi», e monupuly or |» i <« imi they Jeopardise 'rompatiled by dlahuiieaty • ontrvrl uf thv produtilun, aala, ur diatilbu I nut only thalr own future but the future of ilun ->f any un« ur mot« uf Già ptim* ile«-« | ell lhatr Inno* »nt fellow cltl»«ns for thay •’ •• ->i IH" or «iGilt-« tf K -¡alai use a i d • ■posa lhe whole business community tt» m «< «»»H> *u<h • oiiibinstloi-s are Mgaiuat panic and dlatraaa putii* p-tll* > . lliay vlulsta III« « umili«»» law; THF. TARIFF. tbe -l'i-is I.f Ikg I-'UIU Mie • !'>«•<! lo l»>>a« Thia country la definitely rarnmittad to wh-i aia palli»« lo Ihein, and | belle«« Ih« [ the protective »yatam and any »ff'-rt to ■ «mgisaa - «n «itane me i tmiinala ut lnt*r uproot It <oui*l nut but cause widespread In» «tg|u (luminar*« agMlnal tham fur Ita prò- duetrlal dlesat»r In o|her word», the pr'.n tu-una The l«w ahuuld mah« Ita pruhl blthm« and parnilasiune sa clasr and definita cdPle <>t th« p»«-«riit tariff law cuu:d not wlt*i wlad'HM b* • hanged 11 *i t In a country of i» puaalblw. leavlhg tlia laaat poaeibla io<>m f-ir erbllrgry a< li«m. or allegMliun uf su» h ■ U- h phenornenal gruwth a» uura it I» prob • « Goti, un ih« pari uf ilio Kaacutivo, or of ably well that every «1- gen year» or •*» the tariff law» should ba iar«flly acrutlnlzrd an «livarg«nt hit «ipiotati-ms by the courte A inung tho po|L_._ ~ _ m» to be aimed at should be «• to »«• that no »a-estiva or nnpr<»p«r l>«n*fit» era c*»nferred thereby. th-*t proper tha prohitiilion uf unhaalihy romps t It l<n. auch l»y ielidering aarvlca et an a* tual r»venu» |a provldad and that our f»»r«ign trad» I» «n*‘oursg«d Th«»» rnu»t always tie I- ‘aa f<<r ili« purpoae ut «rualfing nut rump»- tltlun. Ih« preveii'lun of liiflatlun <>f rapila!, a» a minimum « tariff which will not only allow fur th» colle* tlon of an amp:» revenu» and Gì* prohibltlun uf a corporation'» mak I ,• whhli will st taMd n-ak» go-,-I Pi» dif l'ig e»-luslve trade wtth tISrlf a ■ndilion of frr«n<« In coat nf produetlun here and t-avlng «ny (rade with Itself Reasonable abroad that I». th» dlfferen*» In tn« labyr agieetnanls between. ur comi Inalbine of. • net her» and abroad, for th» well b»lhg • - , ■. - C - > n • • !, houid I»« permitted, provided ltisy «re firat «ubmltled tu ami apjiruved by of the wag« worker muet «ver b» a cardinal H»lti i • f American pulley The question aume epprupriale Government hony should be apptee>hed purely f»-»m a bu»i lr«l«-r «l < harlrr» fur < urpuraGona Area standpoint, both th» time and the The 'ongraee haa tha power tu « harier manner of th« «hang» being »uh as t>> «<»ipuratloiia tu «ngag« in Interatat« and f«»r- .<rnu»» th» minimum *>f agitation and dis- elgn «oiMiner- • «nd *» generai law • au l>e turbance In the bu»ln»»e world and tv give enacte»! under tha prov lalons uf whi rii ex- in» Ira»! play for eeifllsh »nd fac- l«iing rorpot«|hm« could lika out Federal Il'tnal motives The aole conaldaratton «hartar» and n«w Federai •rpnru liona ahuuld b» to see that the ei.rn total oukl l-e rroafed An e«s»ntial provision ... _____ of represents th» put’ll' goo-i of changas •U« h a law ahuuld le a metiied of piede This meoua that the subject cannot with termlnlng b> •■■me roderai buaid or rum* wisdom b" dealt with in the year preceding miss ti whetlier thè applica»! f-»r a Fedaral a |'r»»id»ntlai elertum, b»< auaa as a matter h«rt«r waa an aea«* latiun *ir «ombtnation uf fa< t »apcrlari. • lias « ©n< iu»l*sly shown «ithln ih» reati!« tluna uf th» Frdeial law that at • u* n a Grna II i» imposai* I» to g»t l'rovisiun ati -uld afa«» »• made f»r «otnplele men to treat II from the standpoint of tha pubHcIty in all matterà affoctlng thè pub- public good in my judgment the wise time ih and complete pr»»te« tluf» lo (he lAveat to deal with tha matter 1» Ira med la lol > aftor Ina potili- and tlie ah«r»h*>!«leia in tha mal • urh OldMfoA tar of Issuing corporate securities if an In INtDMK AND INHKRITANÎ K TAX- rurpoi ¿lion law la nut d««tti«d advisable, a II- Mille • <l for big interstate *orpora»l<ns \\ h»n our tag laws are r»vla»4 the quaetlnn mt|M b »* ena< ’«d <>r a combination nf the of an inruma tax and an lnharitan<* tax • » • ni,,* i.e tried The supervision should re aiva tha rerefu! attention uf our tlah»’-! mtght b* anaioguua tu thsl n*»w jg- legielatere In my judgment b**t . of those • rrlard aver National hank» At leas’, the tea«» ali «uld ba part of *><ir ay»t«*n of Fed enti trust a» t ahould b» oupplarnented by eral taxation I apeak diffidently about tb* • !fi pr<-ti It’l I I »ila of tha maUioda I whhtl inruma taz becauaa on» arhem« for an in- • iper|en< a ’ ha» ahown bave b«e» •>( d most • oma taz was d»--lared unconstitutional by ioni» in «nakling m«»nopul.atle mmblnatKma tha Supreme «Vurt. while in addition it la to «r--i«h rush out '«ut compeGGon ■•»mpetitior» The real rc**l v «*wnr:s - f a d|ffi< ult tag to administer in its prartlral c.»rp<iratmn ahuuld ba t»« rompelled to do work it rorfeiBIlM : . ■ •« t - ■ uglnnee in in thetr Ihetr own own name name iti« ncht to • z»rr|»cd tn ••« that it waa not evade*} by hold eturk In other r*»rp<»raG->na ahuuld bere tha very m«n w hunt It was muet deeirabla to after be denied tn intelaiai» orporatiuna. hav« tatted for if so evaded It would, uf utile«» on approval py th» prt«per tlovern- coure» I*« w«r»» than no taz ai ail. •• th* ment officiala, and a pre requlalte to «u< h Ir-aat dealrat !e nf ail taxes la th* lax w hlrh approvai ahuuld tho Ilattng wlth tha bear» h*a*lly upon the hon»at a* rom» U*iv»rnment uf all owners and atoclftmlders. pared with the d!»honeat man hie* erth«- I. -11, t.» R m « urpuratitm owning ourh et-», k !•••• < grndeatad in*-.,me tag of tho proper and b* the corporation In whi- n au< h stock t v p«* would to a dralrabl« feature nf Federal I» owned taxation an«! it Is to be hoped that on» may T«» confer upon the National Government. bo do* |a«*d wh|rh th» Mupreme I'nurt will In «oMhe-tlon with the amendment I sdv<i- declare cnn»titu’lonal Th» Inheritance tax. iaie In the anti true! law. power of «up<r h-.waver. Jx both a far batter method of tax vlel -n nier big bualneae con-etna engaged it'on and far mnr» important for th« pur- in Ihtetalalo •■•mmer<e. would benefit them i -»•« of having tho fortune« of the country aa It haa lenenti.«! the National bânfca In I ear In prop”rtf -n tff their Increaao in aiza tha re- *nt business irtgja It la noteworthy a . orroepondlng iacreaae and burden of tax tb«| the In litui»»»» which falle*! were in- ation Th« Government has the absolute atltutione which were nut under the »uper ■ right to de- Id« aa to the terms upon whl h vision and control of th» National Govern* » man »hall re<«|vo a b«qu»at or ■*•*.»* from m»»t *| h«*ea which were under National another and thia point in the dévolution of ctvnlrul stood tho test pioperty ia rate.dally appropriate for the I ni I <*att i<>n of a tax. Ijxwa lrn;w.«ing auch IM RK FOOD LAW. I lie« have repeatedly l*e«n plarrd Upon the In<-l-lontally in th» passage uf the pure Ntiionsl statut* book» and a« repeatedly * •• ! I > m t* e action of th*» various Slate f*»*d and dairy commlwslonere »howc-l tn declared constitutional by the courts, and • trit-in* faaltlun h<*w mu* u g»*.> I for the ttiroa laws cwntatned th« progressive prlnri- i :•*. t' at la. after}« certain amount t« W • p> c rreulta flviti IT* heat ' • > r*a* had th* bequest «r gift. In life or death • i »ii n ‘>t the > i ml m MI i in ke-uring a given r*furm It is primarily is in- reaaingly burdened and the rate <»f to/the a< li«»n <»f th»«« «1st» . omm>aaion«-re taxation II Incrvised In proportion to the that we owe tho enactment <>f thio law. rern'-taneaa of blood of tho man receiving f<»r they aroused the people, first to demand the bequest am «1 r the enactment and en/ur « n«»nt of state FNtORt FMF.NT GF THF. LAW. laws on th» iub)r t, and then the ens. * A few years ago there was loud com mont of the Federal law, without which plaint that the law could not be invoke«! the state law» w»r» largely ineffective .••’km»! wealthy offenders Ther» I» no auch There must bo the clcaeot c-» operation I»- •'«■mpialnt now The conree. of the Do- t»e. ii tho National and atat» governments périment of Justice during the last few in administering thee« laws years has been such a« to make It evident < I RMKNf T that no man Hands above th« law. that no .... that It cannot In my m«»»«»« to t‘<>ngr««e a year ago 1 < orpnratlon ia eo wealthy Th* Department of I e h«ld to account . spoke .,0 follows on the currency; to proceed J »spe tally call y*»ur ellentlun to the con Justice h.*»a been as prompt wealthiest malefactor whose dition of our <urren«y law« Th- National against the bank a> t has ably eervwd a great purpose in crime was »ui* t **f grerd'and cunning as to proceed agglnst I th* agitator who Incites a ding, lhe en«»trn«*ua business dev«i.-pm«*nt 1 . . * t wltBtft ten years tiirfib to brutal violence _ that can be Everything has t-4’ n an la- r»ase In circulation per cap done under the existing law. an-l with th» ita ft in •- I «1 t-» > •.’»•< I r aevrial > e a existing «tat* of public -»pinion, which eo • haa been « cumulating that nildl profoundly tnfiuenrrs both the court» and ll>>n.G legislation 1« needed The re« urr»i. e juilaa. ba* br«n done Hut the laws them <»f ra. h crop i»»( in emphasis • the d»f«* la selves need strengthening In more than one of the present law« Thrr«> must »*■«»» b* a Important pidfct . they should be made more rev i«i<tn wf them, because to leave them «« they ere mean* to incur liability t«( business definite. «.» that no honest tnan tan be disaster Hince your body adjourne»! there led unwittingly t> l-r*ak them, and eo that In* been a fluctuation in th» Inteirst on «all th* real w r mgdoer can be readily punished M»roov«r. there must be the public opin money fr*mi 2 pet cent tu .T<» per «ent, and the flu- luallun **«• even greater d-irmg tha Ion ba-k j L>t ' the lew a or th» ine a them pr«i *-ling si» m<nth» The Secretary of tno »elves «HI be of no avail At present, i eaaut r hml to sten !n mid by w is» a> t. -n whH« th« average juryman undoubtedly put a stop t » th« m«»at violent pet .o k ->f w lab,es to See trusts broken t:p. and I» ,'illation t»n Even Even wore* than auch flu-tuathm quite ready y to fine the i-mporatin -n Itself, 1« th« adv an« <• I In commercial rates «nd the he i« vary reluctant i to find the fact: s proven uncertainty f»!t In the suffiency of credit beyond a r rcutunablr doubt when it comes even at high rat«» All commercial interr .|* to si nd Ing !>• jail a ml-mber of th business Ex'esslve suffer «luting »««-h crop period rat**« for call money In tn N»W' New York alt attra«.t community for Ind ulg.hg in practices which m**n«y from th« Interior batiks Into th« ap«*c- are profound’? unhealthy, but which, un ■ fortunatcl) the business community has ulntlvr field This depletes thr fund that would othrrwl«« be available f >r commercial gr->wn to re-ognlzr as well nigh normal usee, and «omnivri lal borrow **is are furred Both the present rendition of the law and to pay abnormal rat««, so that ca-h Fall tha prrarnt t mper of juries render It a a tax. In It*« »hap« of Increased Interval tick of e^Deme difficulty t to “ get at th«- cliaigra. ia placed on the whul« coiumerce real wrongdoer In any such “** case, espe of the country < lalh by Imprisonment. Yet lt la from The mete »tatemenl of thee« fact» «hows every vtandpoint tar preferable 1 to punish that our present system Is »«rlouely defec th«- prime offender l-y imprisonment rather tive There la need **f a rhang« Vnf.-r- than to fine lhe «*orporat!«>n. with the at- !iitiat«ly, however, many of tha proposed '•hangra must ba ruled from conslilrratI <n trn-lnnt damage to stockholders. The t«v > girat evils In thv «-xccutlnn of because th»y are complicated, ar« nut easy of c»»mprrhrn*lon and tend to disturb «Mist our rtlminal law« today are sentimentality For the latter the remedy ing rights and intrirst« We must also rule and technicality. out any plan which would malar tally Impair must come from the hands of the UeglalA- tur««, th* courts, and the lawyers The th«-value of th« l'nlte>l Mtair* 2 par «ent bonds naw pledged to ar. ure rtrculaiIon. the other must depend for Its cure upon the taaue of which was made under condilbm» giadual growth of a aoun«l pub lc opinion peculiarly creditable to the Treasury I d*» whi h »hall Insist that regard for the law n«t press any «special plan. Vailous plana and the demand» of reason shill control have recently b«en proponed by expert com all other Infiucn* cm and emoth-ns in the mittee« of bunkers Among th« plans whr.h jury boa Both **f these evils must be are possibly feaslblw and which certainly ahould receive your c»’n»id«ruti«*n is that re i «•move«! or | ubltv discontent with the crim inal law will continue. , peatedly brought to Xpur attentlo* by the present Fecrvtary of the Treasury, tha ea- IN IFNt’TlONM. , ncntbil features of which have been ap Instances of abuse tn the granting of <n proved by manv prominent hankers and bus- Junction*« in labor disputes continue to or- Ineas men According to thl* plan National cur. and thr resentment In the minds of banka should b« permitted to lesua a etirvi- fled proportion «»I their capital In notes of those who frcl that their rights are brine a tlvin kind, th«« Issue to be taxed st s<t Invaded an-l their liberty of action and of high a rate nn to drive the n*»tes back when •perch unwarrantably* restrained continues n*»t wanted In IngiHmata trade. This plan i llkew lae to gr«»W Much of the attack or. would not permit th«* iaaue of currency to the use |pf «of t th- tv process of injunction Is wholly give banka additional profits hut to meet w IthuuI |\w arrant. but I am constrained to the emergency pieoented by times of etrin ex pre sa the belief that Cor some of it there gehey warrant. This question ia becoming la I do not "nt that this Is the right sys and more one bT prime importance, tem I only advance It to emphasize my more belief thgt there is nee«) for the adaption end unless th* courts will thrntfivlves deal with It In effective manner, it Is certain nf sum* system “ whi* b «’»all be automatic •- to all around banks, so as ultimately to demand bom« f-*rm of lrgl>>- and open It would be mo»t unfortun latlva hvtlon. all possibility of discrimina to a\ old favoritism Mu* h a plan ate for our social welfare If we should a n<1 tlon honest and law-abiding citi permit many to prevent the spasms of high would tend money Slid speculation* which now obt.iln zona to frcl that t ’’* y bad just cause foi with hostility. I V--rk market, tor nt present regarding nur courts In tho New there Is t«»n > mu* It cuirrn cy nt certain sen earneat ly commend to the attention of the accumulation sons of the y-nr. ..—. an-l ............. Its — _ --------------------- nt Congress this matter, a»» that some way New York tempts banker* tn lend tt at Inn may i • ffevtaed .vui. h will limit the abuse wbery»» «t of Injunctions ami protect those right-« whlcn rat«» for speculative purpose« other times when the crops aie being moved from tunc to time tt unwarrantably invade. t here | m urgent nerd for a large but tern ■ Moreover, di-¿«ml» nt Is often expressed with It rarv Increase m the current*) supply th«« use of the process of injunction by th* be forgotten that this question must never . . court*, not only In lai*<ir dispute.*, tut where concerns hurineaa men generally quite a< I refrain from much ns bankers; »«pe* tally is this true •Hi»!.« law * rti • < • n - i ne-l of »tankmen farmers and business men In discussion of thl* question «• I am informed the West, for al present st ***rtaln seneon* that It will aooh receive the vonstderatlnn of the vrsr th* difference in Interest rat«-» of the Suprenir Court. Th* Federal Courts must of court« decide between the East and the West la from fi to io per rent, whereas In t'aneda the ultimately what are the respective spheres • orrespontllhg difference is but 2 per rent of state and Nation in . «nine« tlon with any Anv plan must, of course guard the Inter law. state «r National, and th* y must deel*l.> »•ts of Wratcrn and Southern bankers as dehnltely an.I finally In matters affecting carefully s* It guar«1s th* Interests of New Individual citizens, not inly as to th* York or <’hlcni»*v hankers and must le rights and vvron*.s of labor but as to the drawn from th* standpoints «if the farmer and the merchant no l-,sv than fr*'m th* rights ami wrongs «if capital, and the Nn that st a nd points of the city banker and th» Ilona 1 thnetnineni must always av« r* the decision of the court Is put Into ef ■ country banker feet The prove»« «»f Injunction la an es Nerd for Immediate Action. I again urge on tha Congress the need of sentlal adjunct of th« court a doing it» i _______ Blt, Immediate attention tn this matter We work well, and aa preventive measures need a greater elastlrHy In our currency; always belter than remedial, th« wise U m * provided, «if .our»« that w« recognize the of this process Is troni »very ■tandpolnt r-here it is reckloaziy Hut oven greater need of a safe an«! secure cur commendal de. rency. There must alwsvs ba th« meat nr untie-*- ’dully used, i he abuse should be rigid examination by the National author censured, above all by the very men who __ , . effort , ities Provision ahould be made for an are pt« parly anxious tn prevent any emergency currency. The emergency issue to shear th* courts of this neewnary power should, of course, be mads with an effective The court's decision must be final, the pro guaranty, and upon conditions carefully pre test Is rnly against the conduct of individual In needlessly anticipating such final scribed bv the Government Ruch emergency Judges __ _ ______ Issue must ba baaed on adequate securities . decision, or in the tyrannical usa of whai le nominali? a t«wt|>«rirF iajun»tion to «*. i‘o!umhla end the territories The lnv»<*ti I with deep watowngg ! lading from It to th« rompliah wbat Ie !» fa<:l • maneat de- gallon Into the condition of women and east and west Such a waterway would children wage-sat nor» recently ' authorised practically mean th» extension ef our roast eislun and dire* ted by the t'ongrees is now ____ ____ being line into the very heart of our country. It ACIIDKNT« OR RMI.KO%| in . would b» of incalculable benefit to our 1 The loae uf life 1'“«n railroad carried on In the various state», and I rer* ornmend that the appropriation made last people If begun at ear« It can be earrieA sr» ideato In this ruu®i^> !>«-• i»»com» ap year for beginning th • work be rsnewsd in through In time appreciably to relievo tha palling II is a aubjecl '4 which th* Na order that we may have the thorough and congeatiun of our great frnight-carrylng I ilunal flovernmenl »i»«uld take «ip*rv|«i<>n |fn»a of rallruads ___ bo t omprshenel ve Investigation which the sub* The work should It n l»ht l„ »,11 1« ■>•«■»' »> providing fur Government • > at*r» itlrgiy and runt nuouily carried for- J»»t demands The National a F»d»*ral Inepectlon «f latra.ai» railroads has as an ultlm ______ for _____ resort control of ard ‘n accordance with some well-*•••- •omewiiat along lhe 111»'* of F - darai In child lairor the us* of the Interstate om- dved plan The main streams should b* ■ «»< Un» <>f ataamboats. •Mhough n »i going m«rre clause to prevent the products nr Improved to the hlgh-st point of efficiency • I far; perhape al fif-1 ®:* that It would child labor from entering Into Interstate before the improvement of lhe branchee 1» l.e i>»« *e» «ry tu ba»e wnuld L »<m« »ffi ar commerce Uu’ before using this It ought attempted, an*! the work should be kept free whose du > would ba to l*«eaitaaia al) sari» «•rtalnly to enact model laws on the subject from every taint of recklesaneaa or Jobbery. | dants uh Intelaiate rallrosd« and report in for the territories under Its own immediate Tho Inland waterways which lie Just back 'detail the caueee tkereot control. o* the whole Eastern and rtouthern Coast« should make\l< hie boria» «« to get into ■ hould llkewlae lx developed. Moreover, > armers and Wage- Worker«. ' < luee touch with railroad operatlng m»r> •» When tha D-p»rtm»nt of Agri'altura was the development of our waterways Involves ’ »» to become thoroughly tafttlHar with »very founded th*r» was much sn»*rlng aa to It» many other important water problems, ail of side uf th* question» *’*• ***' * being tu wore wr-l'h should be considered as part af the usefulness No department *.f th» Govern along ths linse uf the present eteamboat rn»nt, however, has mot* emphatically vindi- • in.e general scheme The Government InspacUun law • at*d Its mw-fuln*«*. snd none save th« darr.s should be used to produce hundreds of Ml I - I HMM Arr*<TING LAHOR. post'.ffi/« Department comes ao continually thousand« of horsepower as an Incident to Improving navigattan: for th* annual value should ba a • nd intimately Into touch wl»h the people Th» Natluaal <}uv fl 4 H «h- model employer, 1 demand tha Ike fare rltigeae wf NN welfare |g in tt** highest quality ut servi • h "rn «-»ch uf its a»:rr*r it* mo«t vital to th* welfare of th« ■ ate» parhaps *i< »»<!• th» annual value of employes ami H should iff for all of Nnilon, «nd th«-refor* to th« welfare of all the product« of all our mines As an incident to creating the deep water them properly In rotuin * *>ngr«»« should other citlzer.a. ar* th« wage-worker who adopt legisiatl'in providing li mlt»d but def! dona manual labor and th* tiller of th* «oil. way down the Mississippi, t • • ;■..-rr, m**nt nite « Qiiipvnsailua f°r a»* •• it« to all work- th* farm*i »hould build along Its whole lower length Thar* ure. >>f eoura»*, kind* of _______ lbs > • •!« »al po -. ■ ■ : labor wh*r* th* work must b* purely mental, I*- nun within lha __ ac*»pe ' which taken together with th* <*>•- • mploy»s navy yards and Including tr-'l of the h*»dwat*r», will at once and for and there ar* other kinds of labor where. In other word«, a model ern arsenals. ever pul a complete r»op to all threat of liability afj fsr res- hing and I under existing conditions, very little d»- f!o'»d» in the Immensely fertile Delta region ployers* •buuld b- enariad which ! mend ln<!**4 Is mad« upon th« mind, though t boro bghguiaig. The territory lying adjacent to the Miseis- rh'iulu apply to all pe»itlar.«. public »n>i I I sm glad to ray that th* proportion of m»n sippl along it» lower courae will thereby be tb* Na’ional Govern engag'd In this kind of work Is dlmlnlshire private. wv«r whl*h z- come on* of the most prosperous and popu umber uf ac< |. rn»nt baa jurisdiction Th Hut In any community with th* eoN«? dents to wag» worker» m«ludl ling thoM that h*a,'thy qualities which make up a really lous. as It mready is <-ne of the moat fer I ar« p raven tat» la and <>-■»• «).« it ar» nut. kaa ‘ great nation the bulk of the people should tile. farming regions in all the world become appalling If m*-n haniral. msnu ' *!o work which relia for the «xercise of both have appointed an Inland Waterways <«m- ml «»Ion to study and outJna a »ompreh*n- faituilng. and tranap-»’atlon operation» of body and mind Progrese can not perma th« day It woika «rim t» irfisl.’p tu th* ’ nentiy *xi»t in ihe abandonment of physt • |vn seheme of development along ail the -r«!lnary wag*-a<»tk«r hl*. 1 family fu have ' «al labor, but In th* d*v*lopment of phyri- Hn»» indt'gted. IxSter 1 shall lay its report th* »fleet ut such an •« ■ ■ rnt fall solely before the Congress upon him. and. on ’ha *r hand, there , cal labor, •*» that it «hall represent mor« KFXLAMATfON WORK era wliul» *!••»«■ "f •” ira*y» who «xi«t and more tb» work of th« trained mind in Irrigation should be far more extensively ------- * may or rnay not the trained body • *niy b> im 11inf »«*«», wrung*«! tu under.ak» suits for Our school system ia gravely defective In developed than at preaent. not only In the have l»*»»n v.-~ n»gllg»n< « so far aa it puts a premium upon mere state» of the great plains and th« Rocky A» a matte.' ef f*r’ “ »’Hi for n*gi!g»nca ’ literary training and tend* therefor* to Mountains, but in many oth-rs. as. fur In- la g*n<-rall> an in»d”l'jat* remedy f..r the :r»ln th» boy away from th« farm and th» »‘an e. in large portion« of the youth At person Injured, while It oftm * au»*s alto workshop. Nothing lx mor« needed than lantic and Gulf Ktates. where it should gc gether diaproportionata ann.iyane« to th- — reclamation th« of the be*.t type <f Industrial school. the hand In band with employer Th* ia* »hould be mad* such land. The Federal Government »rhor-1 for mechan!* al industries in the city, swamp that lhe payment for a<(|<i*nt« by m* »-«. should seriously d< levot« itself to this task, ■he gehtMtl for pr*Ctle*ll> ’--a-hlng agri-u: pi«»y»r would I»« aut >*aati<- ih«i«aa of being __ Head of __ The calling of th* realising that utilization «.f waterways an*! a matter fur lawault« W->rkm*n should Workmen abou' i tur« In the country r viva certain end d*finlt« _____ *tnp«n *a ... tlun •killed tiller * f the soil, th» r<j!ing of th» waterpower. fbr»-stry. irrigation and the ra- ■ .amatlon of lands threatened with overflow, should silk* b* r*' -.* for all accidents in industry li>*spertive of • killed m "hanlr ■ J int •!■»•!. I^r, t par’s of the sama Tbe empi, «r 1« the agent o! nixed as profes-dnns. Just as emphatically ar* negllfenc« The work of the Rv-iamatlon own responidtllity as th» callings of lawyer, doctor, merchant problem th» public and on bl and for bla own pr< Ct he serve« th« public ■r clerk Th«* schools should recognize th!« ~'-r l e in de-eh>ping rhe larger opportuni- When he starts in maii’n agenri«« which *act an<1 It should rqually be r«**ognlzed in tle» of the weMtern half of our country for rr«ate risks for Other«, he «houId take ail ivof«ular opinion The young man who ha* iirigatton is mure important than almost The constant purposa and extraordinary risks in th« ordinary _1 •he farsightedness and courage to rarognlz* any other movement >f the Government in connection with the volved, and th« risk h thus at the moment t and to get over the idea that it mak*s a Ka< iamatlon Kervice has been to ua« the ___ _ . will ultimately be assumed, a aaeurose lifference whether what he earn* is called Only alary or wag»a. and who refuse« to enter water re-ouroe» of the public lands for the It ought to be. by th»- general put!.- ultimata great*«! good of the great ext num- in thia way ran the shock of th« accident h* t'f.,v;rl*á field of the ao-call*«! profe* tx-r. in other words, tu put upon th« land t« Jlffuawd. inatrad of falling upon Hi* .nan *iona. ard takes to constructive industry In permanent home-makers, to use and de or woman least ebl« to t*ar It. •• ia now th- Head, Is t*-a»'*nably »ur* of an ample r* velop it for t!iem«eivea and for their chil > •»» Th« community at larga should ahar* *vard in earntng«. In health, in opportunity There has tb» burden» •• » II a» ths benefits of In i Mu s’ *1 I ewtabilsh a home with dren and children’s children Deen of course, opposition to this work; duatry " By th* proposed law, employer* i fair ari.'.unt of fr«**d'-m from we.rry. It <ert»,nty ,f obi; would gain ____ _ I de«l*at . should be on*- of our ,vtme objects to put opposition from some Interested m*n wha ' . 1 * ■■ g 4 * ! n t » d f I » gallon and g*t rid both the farmer and the mechanic on s <l«sire to exhaust the land for their own immediate profit without regard to th« wel mine It. while tb* « rorkntan and his fam higher plane of ffklency and reward, » fare of the next generation, and opposition lly would be r»H*'*d fr. m a crushing lo»«i as to » increase th»-lr effectiveness tn th* ecu from honest and w»M-meanlng men who did vVlth euch a P*il<> would come Increase»1, nomic world, and therefore th« dignity not fully understand the subje* t or who did i rare, and accidents would b* reduced lr. the remuneration. remvnenittaa. and th* power of their not look far enough ahead. T-’>* opposition number ;-<>-H;<ri» in the MMlAl world. Is. I think, dying away and our people art The National la«» providing for empiuy No k r<th of cities, no growth of wealth, understanding that tt would be utterly era' liability *»n ratlr sds engaged In inter •an make up for any lc«« in either the num- v r- .-ig to allow a few individuals to ex stat* jmmerc« aa«J for sa ety Appliance» • r or th* character of the farming popo haust for their own temporary personal a» w*ll as for dlmli nisning th-- hours ufi, intic-n We of th* United States ahould profit th* resources which ought to be de .-tj...,'«• of a ¡a. road shot ild be permitted '•-«Ila« this above almost all other peoples velnped through use no as to bo conserved to work, should all strengthened *eV»er We began our existence as a Nation of f >r the permanent * ommon advantage of the ever in actual practice th»j have showr farmers, and In every great cristo of th» people as a whole. wrakn«»». they »h'-uld be k*|i n tb* stat a p«*uliar d*j»end« RM has had I I • 1*1 BUT LAND«. ute books in thor'ughgolng form p.eeed up-n the farming population; and The cnnailtutl'nallty of tli* employer* The effort of the Government tn deal irltb his dependence has hitherto been justified liability act pass»-! by the pr*-<*-ling Cnn But it ran not be jus’ifled In the future if rhe public lan«J haa been based upon ths gr«»« ha» bo*n "arri*-d before th* court* -am» principle as t.iat of the Rec^matior tgrhuiture is permitted to sink in the scab in two ju*ladi«-ti!-nz th* law haa t»**n «1* ‘ervlre The land ¡aw system wh’h wa» is compared with other employments. W< *-lar*d unconstitu:nal. and In three juri* designed to meet the need» of the fertlls *«fi not afford to lose that pre-eminent!) dl< tb>tis Its consttiutl nal.ty ha* been affirm the Middle ypfca! Ann-n«an. th* farmer who owns hi« .«nd well watered region* of ed Th« quvati-JM haa been carried to th- >wn medium-Mz«4 farm To have his ptace 'Vest ha» large iy broken down when ap- Huprem* Court, th» ca»* has t-*«n heard b) plied to th« dryer regions of the greas -ak*n by either a ria»« of small peasan that tribunal, and a deci»! >n is exp*« ted a! plains, the mountains and much «f th» proprietors, or by a class of great land an early dal* in th» «vent that th* court Pacific Slope, where a farm of IGO acres ie orda with tenant-farmed catates would b* should affirm th» constitutionality >-f th- for self-support. In tnese < veritable calamity. The growth of >,u' Inadequate art. I urge furiher l*g!*>at. n a *-r.g th« cities la a g->*-d thing but only in so far ar regions the system l*nt Itself to fraud, and lines advocated in mv message to the pr* much lar.d passed out of th« hands of th» t «’.• es not mean u growth at the »xpw ceding t’ongrraa The practice of putttin »f th* ebuntry farmer We mu*t welcome Government without passing intn the hand? the ■ nMre burden of !*•«« to life ,-r limb up The Department of th* he rise of physical sciences In thefr ampli of the home-maker thr v|Alm or th« ticflm • family 1» • foin Departrq**.nt of Justice ation to agri, ultural practices, and w >- DUerior and the Joined in prose, uting the offenders against »t »«>< lai injusti«» in which thr I nltrd Slat« , •nuet do all we ran to render country con stands tn unenviable prominence lltlona more easy and pleasant. There are the law. and they have accomplished much, The <*<»ngr*ee at.Owiu * ntider the extension forces vhlvh now tend to bring about both while where the administration of the lav of the right h ur law Th* constltuuonantv hese ’•«suit*«, tail th»y ar», as yet. In their has been defective It has been changed. But the laws themselves are defective. <-f th« present law ha» recently b«**n calle.- «fancy The National Government through into qtwrU’ n. and the Hupr-tn* Court ha he Department of Agiculture «houid d<- Three years ago a public lands comm.ssiorv was appointed tn r- rutinize the law. and de de* l«1**J that the exlatlug legislation is un di it can by joining with the etaie govern questionably ««thin th* powers -*f the Con atnti and with independent a**r>*iatiuns of fectw. and recommend a remedy. Thetr ex-- gress The priuciple of the right-h-«ur day 'armers to encourage the _ growth in th» amination specifically showed the existence should a» ra; Idly »nd as tar a* practical pen farming country of au*h institutional of great fraud uron the public domain, and their recommendations for changes in th* be e*tended to thr entire work carried o’ tnd ao«-ia! m - :«■••• nts a< v ill meet the de by the Govarnmrnt. and the present la* ni*t(1 < f the b v type *-f farmers, both fur law were made with the design of coneerv- ng th* natural resour* es of every part or should be am-nd.d to ambrare contracts or he iivprovemeirt of their farm» and foi tli. -e public wofks which the present word •he b«ferment of the life itself The De the public lands by putting it to its best Ing nf the act has bren convruod to ax partment of Ajrrtrulture has in many place«, use. Especial attention was called to lhe pre elude. The gMBaral introduction of th- perhaps especially in certain districts of vention of »«-tti- nent by the passage of eight-hour day ahould be the goal towar*' he South, accomplished an extraordinary which w» ahould steadily t* nd. and th* .mount by co-operating with and teaching great areas of public land into the hands of Government »huuid art the example in thl- he farmers through their associations, on a few men. and to the enormous wist* caused by unrestricted grazing upon the- ___ respect •heir own »oil. how to increase their in Industrial laveativatlon The re-ommendations of th« < umpulsory •orne by managing their farms better than open range Disputes Public latnds <’ommlesion, are ----------- sourd. ----------------- ,----- -- for hey were hitherto managed they are eopr tally in the interest of the ytrikes Slid lofkou’-. ».th their sttendans Independence of the 1 anwer. . tual home-maker, and where the small* loss and »uttering continue to Increase Fo» The farmer must n--t lose hi« independ- home r^aker cannot at present utilise the tho Ave yews ending December Jl. 1:«O.’. th •nee his initiative. ,his rugged srif-relianc*- number o* strikes was greater than thus* yet he must Ham to work in the heartiest ¡and they provide that the Government «half in any prefious ten yean- and was double ■ <■{.« i .'itb.n with his fellows, exactly as keep control of 1t «o that it may not be The Congres» the numbw in the preceding five years the business man has learned to work, and monopolized by a few- m-n. '..is not y*|K acted upon these r*r*vtnmen*ia- The»* figu-e* Indicate the increasing need ie must prepare to us»* to constantly better tiona; but they are m just and proper, sc- *»f providing »one machinery to deal with idvantagr the "knowledge that can be ob- •«sential to our National welfare, that r thia class t>: dDturban •• m the ir.’erest iin- t fr«»m agricultural college*, while hr feel confident, 'if the Congress will take» alike of ths employer, the employe and the must insist upon a j ractlcal curriculum in time to con Ider them, that they wlli ulti general pv:»!l' I ten*» nn pwious re - ni hr* art) »«ia in which his children are taught mately be adopted. mmdatlon that ths Congress favorably con "he D- pnrtment qf Agriculture and the De Some such legi**latlon aa that proposed alder the matter of creating the machinery ■ artmvnt of Commerce and I^abor both deal .< e-**«*ntial in order to preserve the great tor enmpub' r> taveetigati< n of such in < lth the fundamental needs of our p**opl»- stretches of public grazing land and which are dustrial «efctr-.vsralea a« are of suff* ien* n th«* production of raw material and it-« ■ r present ’. _ . rneRi magnitude and of * T -»’fit concern to th* iHtiufa* ture and distribution, and. therefore, •d* :*r.d are valuable only for the f*. forwre people Of Ge country as a uh de tu varrarr nth t Of th”-*c who produce It ii which they supply — stretches * —- These amour.:* lhe Federal Governmeat in taking action. he raw state, and of tho-e who manufav mill o*m acre>. and ar« In all to some 3iui ‘ Th» nerd f >r some prov I «ion for such in '■■•♦n to the free _________________ m-0 and distrit t)t«* It. Tb« Dc’-artm-nt o’ grasing of cattle, sh*ep vestlgativg wa« for-il ’y illur’.r-vted during or«-'« and g'vat«. without restriction. i: Suck* ’ontitifn'** and txibor haa but recently bM M lhe past Hammer A »trlk«* of telegraph op a system, or raiher ' ___ 7. 1 lack __ 2_ of _ ______ ___ such eyktem ounded but has already Justified its exint eratnr» «»rtf'ualy Interfered w th telegraph.* leans that the r&nge Is not t>o much v-*<i »nee* while the Dep rtmsnt ot A*ri u! communi st causing great damage t » «* wasted by abuse As the West settle» ure yields V» no other In the Governtncn* builrr«« ,»t- ?»■»!• and serious Inconvenlen e the range becomes more and more over- n the :-ia. ti* (1 t en’ t:t*< which It pro-’u«-» ffrnzod Much uf it cannot be used to ad to the geeeral public Appeals were made to n proportion to the public money expended vantage unless it is fenced, for fencing i»» me from manv part« >f the . ountry. from t must < ’H.tinue in th* future to deal witi on ' «s:' by nhi--h to k***-p m check th< City councils, from board* of trade, from rowing cro; « as It has dealt in the pa.**: wr*er« -f nomad fl-wks which roam hither - haml-ers of con-ner * ai -I from labor ot ut I’, mu»*' ¡»till further extend its fiel«! ¡ □ nd thither, utterly destroying th«* pasture» ganiaati-BA urging that steys be taken t f usifulnes** her-'af vr ly «baling with Ur nd leaving a waste behind so that their termtnats the strike Everything that could t.en through a far-reaching study an«! ’’T-esence is Incompatible with the presence with any ptoprlety l»e done by a representa Hf» f home-makers. The existing fences« are tive ol th* Government wsa done, without ill Hl* gal S.-me of them represent the im «like from th* industrial and MOW *nii* an< avnll. and for w«*eks the public stood by and nroper exclusion of actual -settlers, a-tuaf ’ i'-ial standpoint suffered without recourse of any kind Had from territory which 1» Farmrr» r.a-t . <*-.vp»*rate with one another home-makers, the maekl»'’Ty existed and fad there been usurped by great cattle companies^ Seme ■ n«l with the Government, and the Govern authority t r «or. pulsory InvesUgatlon of .*f them represent what is in itself a pro;***« ment can best gtve Its aid through associ the dl»ru«' th* public would have been • ff rt to use the rang«* for those upon th« ntlons of farmer*», ao as to deliver to the lan*1. and to prevent its use by r ■tnadic pia ed tn possession • f the merits of the aimer the iaige-bod) of agricultural knowl- • utriders. All th« .-e fences, those that are controversy and public opinion would prob tm which has been accumulated by th* hurtful and these that are benefit ial. ar*» ably have t.rought about a prompt adjust National and state governments and by th* dike Illegal an-l must come down. But it !• ment igi iciiltwral college.-« and schools. •m outrage that the law should necessitate U.tpHnl an«1 luihor. th The grain-producing industry of su< a action < n the part of the administra ict f-<r »•'•me time to oom«- It Is rer' lion. ountry. one ot the moat Important in th* there will I 1 A 1 »n«tant in« tease absolutel) . Fencing MuM lie Stopped. . nited States, de-wrvea special ronsid r- teli lively, of those among out and prthsi The unlaw . <¿1 fencing ■•-*-- of pub.ic lands for (tlon at th** hands of th- Congress, Our rltlarns wh dw« I .n «•Illes or towns of some private grasing must be stopped, but the .rain is« »old almost exclusively by grade*« rk for wages. This mean*« necessity which occasioned it must be pro- site a»4 * ., «• • ..u-ia- ’ •! v gennlta in our h -m- <> an ever increasing need that there w Hi vided for. The Federal Government should matket« and to facilitate our tra have control the range, whether by per to von«ki*r the Pr •obletus inseparable from o he«** gtadt* should approximate the high *ivlHsatl*>n Where an im- mit or lease, ns local necey«|ties may de- great ladut itrhi st degree of uniformity an«i certainty Th* lex buslpgee. especla’ly In t ermine. Such Ji ?ontm| could secure the men« an»! preneat dlvwne HMRlroAg ot i:*-p*<t..-n nnd great *'*nefit of legitimate fencing, while th*»«» grin hes i relating to manufn *ture and grndtaff I ir.'i - !u«ut the country under Jh at .he same time »--curing and promoting. traaepetation is > transacted by a large num ’ rent laws and boards, result In confu- 'he settlement of the country In seme -•'-•i who « employ a very of capitalist!« her i ion and lack of uniformity, destroying that places It may be that the tracts of range wage-earners. number of t much ! larger ------- onttdence whi« h i.< necessary for health- adjacent to the homesteads of actual set and more tend more to fernv r the ‘ uld ‘ be ‘ allotted to them severalty ul trade. Complaints against the present tlers sh* the lat- combine into corporations and or in commot' for the Summer grasing ot the methods have continued for years and the) Th»* relations of unions ter into their stock. Elsewhere it may be that a are grow Ing In volume and intensity, no* wage-worker to one an- and capltidlst 1 there ieaA • system would serve the purpose, the* in this country but abroad leses to be temporary _ _ and subject _ to the ___ other, a»'.«! I of es« h to the general public, are only fore suggest to the Congress the advts- rights of settlement, and the amount chargr<> not a N tw a easy to adjust; and to put them ability of a Natiunal system ot inspection uno x** ‘ .' them on a «atlsf.i tore basis I* on» ’ tart« • n->ugh re-1- ) to permit of and ge*i ot grain entering into inter- and grading •’f th» m imr«*rt.tnt and one of the moat the efficient and beneficial control of the ¡•tate and foreign c commerce as a remedy dell« at* task» before our w hole civilization ranee by the Government, and of the pay for the present evils. Much of th* work for th»« accomplishment ment to the country of the equivalent of what it would otherwise receive in taxes. of thk *n'T must be done by th«* individual'« INLAND W YTF.RW %YB. ronczm’’' themselves, whether singly or In The conservation of our natural resources The destruction of the public range will continue untt< some such laws as these are com bln*1 ”n Hfu' t,,r fundamental fict and their proper u»«* constitute the funda «-n**- ted Fully t > prevent the fraud In the lhat mu*t never be lost track of I* that the mental problem which und«riles almost public land* which, through the joint actio.'» ehartet*’’ of the average man. whether he •very ot...*r problem *»( our National lite. We of the Interior Department and the De be a man of mean* or a man who work* must maintain for our civilisation the ade partment of Justice, we have been en with hands, ia the most Important factor quate material basis without whi h that civ- deavoring to prevent, there must be further In sel'tng problem arlgh» But It Is al- uixatiun cannot exist We must show fore- ”v important to remember that ight. we must look ahead. As a Nation legislation, and »specially a sufficient appro mo-4 equa 11' priation to permit the Department of th* ae not only mjoy a w- ndvrful measure of wi’hsu' <■' 4 laris It Is alrn impossible to Interior to examine certait^classes -if entrle» It 1« idle tn hold present prosperity but if thK prosperity is on the ground before they pass into privatw ren.di ”’e I «per s-’hitlon •ed aright it is an «*arn-*wi of future suc- *v\lt r*»od lows evils avefi as child that w’th” wnershlp. The Government should part *••» « such as no other na;l*n nf " wi.l have. The Hie over working of women, as th** .vlth it« title only to the actual home labsr. •’» ” ard of foresight forti > Nation is great » protect employe* from l<*sa of re»«.... maker. not to the profit-maker who does falir* *nd easily foretold. ___________ Hut there _____ must ___ be ___ the ,_ nb. -*an b* effectively reached, any not * ar** to make a home. Our prime object lire er unit l-*’»k ahead, t.iere mus*t be a realization ut is to secure the rights and guard the Inter m.-te ”v,r n the evils of rebates and stock fa* t tiiat to waste, to destroy, our nat f ’* . -5»1 lw» **» h *d with*» t - 1 hl'A a ests of the small ranchman, the man who water'» ural rroourees. to skin and exhaust the land 7»il "o stop the*e practices by l-ci-latlon piows and pitches hay for himself, It is To L* ifi «1 of u-ilng It it* to increase Its use- this small ranchman, this actual settler .ulr.ts.-*. will result tn undermining in the moat»* ’ *,» for- e honest men into th* m. be ami home-maker, who in the long run Is !h**rwls* the d’ahoneat who surely dos of our children the very prosperity •*au** most hurt by permitting thefts of the pub which w ** ought by right to hard down to lic land in whatever form. will take p advantage of them will have every- If the states w ill cor t rm amplified anti developed. For the last •hies ’ " n lr own wav FORKRTB. ps* evils, well an«! good; but the vw > ,J through several agencies, the red Government has been endeavoring to get our Optimism Is a good characteristic, but If Nation mu«t stand ready tn aid them question g'owing out of nur rapid and ; e.»l I«- th look ahead and to substitute a carried to an excess it becomes foolishness. '■iduatr’al develepmert Is more im- planned an*! orderly development of our re- ’Ve are prone to speak of the resources of *'•*•1 that of the employment of s »ut **" >n pla- e of a hapnazard striving for this country as inexhaustible, this 1s not ■ itnmcdlnto profit. so Th«* mineral wealth of the country, the ««men an*1 children The presence of wom- Our great river systems should be devel- coal. iron. oil. gas. an*l the like, does not # tn industry n*a ts wtth extreme dire*t- q Nat.or.al water highways, the reproduce itself, an-l therefore is cert.ii*. ur n ’h** character of thr him*« and M »«is* Ippi, with Its tributaries. standing to be exhausted ultimately; and wasteful ■ sen faniily Ilf*», and the condltl ma a ir ness tn desHng with it today means that r5nd,nI tb** employment of children b«ar nrst in Importance, and the Columbia se« - ond. alth->ugh iheie arc many others of Im our «1e<- - ndants will feel the exhaustion • vlta! relation to our future cltlxenshlp. portan« e on the Pacific, the Atlantic an«i the generation or two before they otherwise tier h-gD’atlon in thVac areas under t e • -n Gulf Sb'pes The National Government riroulvl. But there are certain other form» toil ,bl“ I'ongrea* Is vrrv much behind •h*'*l«l undertake thl* work, and i hope a of waste which could be entirely stopped— more (X* legislation of our progress.v* beginning will be made In the present Con the waste of soil by washing, for Instance, and comprehensiv« gress; and the greatest of all our rivers, the which 1.» among the most dangerous of all -tatc’ X thorough and ^Ignaure »hould be a doy ted nt th tn erse on Mississippi, shov’d receive especial attention. wast*« now In progress in the United Stats«, F*-- *n the Greet I«akas to the mouth of the Is easily preventable, so that this present the Congreee relating to the empi ■ynrat woman and children tn the District of ' Mimijsi. pi there ahou'd be a deep waterwa». enormous lose of fertility la eatlrely •** I I