DAIRY HOTDRUDGERY Pleasant and Profitable Mien Properly Handled. Dairy Products In Most Universal De mand Second Only to Com mercial Crop In Importance. By I. P. Whitney, former Dairymen, Waih ington Experiment Station. To thousands of farmers who are dairying In a small way, the work connected with the dairy Is classed as drudgery, and they do It only because they are forced to do so in order to make a living for their ramiues. mey liave no natural liking, for the in dustry. Therefore, they give it only such attention as Is absolutely neces sary, and ninety per cent of them who fail, or who keep on the margin De tween success and failure should lay the blame upon their own neglect of the advantages offered by the indus try, rather than to blame the Indus try Itself. In contrast to the many who are unsuccessful, we find in every dairy Bection a few dairymen who are en thused with their work, men who like- the dairy cow, and are willing to give her a chance. They study the problems which confront them and meet them in the best possible way. These men are always pointed out as the sucessful dairymen of the com munity in which they live. It may be truly said that dairying is a world-wide industry. No other foods are used so universally as is milk and Its products. In the United States today it stands second to but one other agricultural industry, the corn crop. From practically nothing, viewed from a commercial standpoint, In thirty years time it has over shadowed all others, and at its pres ent rate of development, in another twenty years, it will stand wltnout a rival as the greatest of agricultural industries. While dairying has made such a rapid growth and the gross returns from the sale of dairy products has increased wonderfully, figures thaw would indicate the net profits or tne industry would not be so flattering. It is true that the price of dairy products have advanced, tne same is true regarding the feeds which must be fed to the dairy cow in order to produce these products, and at the present time the average dairy cow of the country produces only about enough milk and butter fat to pay for the feed she eats. This being .the case, one may wall ask from what 'source are the profits coming to cause the industry to develop at such a rapid rate. In many sections of the country men have robbed the soli until it would no longer produce crops at a profit Nature has compelled them to find some method of restor ing the fertility to the soil and almost without exception they have turned to the dairy cow. She has demon strated her fitness for this purpose and the farmer has been satisfied to keep her for the manure that she would produce providing she would produce enough milk and butterfat to pay for her feed. In other words, the dairy cow has been kept prim arily as a fertilizer factory and the milk, in reality, has been a by-product. It is then the indirect 'profits that have caused the great develop ment of the dairy industry instead of the direct profits derived from the sale of milk and its products. Un doubtedly the dairy cow will always be in demand for the fertility which is found in her manure, but it should not be an excuse for keeping an in ferior milk' producer. A good dairy cow will furnish as much fertility in a year as will a poor one and at the same time pay a handsome profit at the pail on the feed which she con sumes, while the average cow at the present time, is paying practically no profit from this source. A good cow will produce at least three hundred pounds of butterfat per year. The average price is about 30c per pound, 90 for butterfat alone. Add to this 6,000 pounds of skimmed milk at 20c per hundred, $10, which gives $100 as the gross return from the milk. Subtract from this $C0 for feed and care, and we still have left $40 aa Interest on the investment and as profit. When the dairymen fully realize the importance of keeping only good cows and when they rea lize the profits which may be de rived from . keeping them, the dairy Industry is bound to develop much more rapidly than it ever has in the past NOTES FROM THE EXPERIMENT STATIONS. R. W. Thatcher, Director of the Washington Experiment Stations, eays: "Corn makes a very profitable for age crop in most of our northwestern sections wherever the annual rain fall is fifteen Inches, or more. If the annual rainfall exceeds 18 inches, corn can be grown in rotation with wheat without seriously diminishing the yield of wheat the succeeding year. With less tnan is incnes oi rainfall the moisture taken by the corn usually cuts short the supply for the succeeding wheat crop, a little. With 15 inches or less, alternate sum rnerfallowing would probably have to be practiced with the corn crop the same as is practiced with wheat growing. The chief requisite for successful corn growing under these conditions is to use seed which has been acclimated. Corn grown in the central west states will not mature here because of the shorter period between chilling frosts and cool nights during the summer. We have, however, several strains of well ac climated corn which we have devel oped at the Washington Experiment Station. Another requisite is thor ough cultivation for the conservation of moisture." "The practice of growing hogs on alfalfa has been shown to be very profitable. On alfalfa pasture of good quality, at least 600 hogs could be pastured on thirty acres. Alfalfa seeded in the fall will not give a full crop the following season, although on irrigated land, fall seeding may give a single fairly good cutting the following season. Fall seeding is not usually bo satisfactory as spring seed ing. Young pigs can be grown suc cessfully on Alfalfa pasture alone but do not make as profitable growth as they will if fed some grain Under present market conditions the best grain to feed in combination with alfalfa pasture is a chop made of equal parts of wheat, oats, and barley ground together. Ten to 12 pounds of alfalfa seed per acre is sumcLent, if sown with a grata drill. If seeded broadcast, fifteen to eigh teen pounds is usually, necessary in order to get a uniform stand. Alfalfa seed sells at 18c to 25c per pound, depending upon the quality. Gener ally the higher priced seed is the cheaper, ' as it carries a much higher percentage of good seed. "Logged-off land in western Wash ington and western Oregon is admir ably adapted to pasture usage. It is quite a common practice to seed the ground between the stumps with clover, especially white clover, and in a few months have a splendid pasture which may be used for a per iod of years without removing the stumps. There is considerable diffi culty in seeding grain under such con: ditions, however. The adaptability of such lands to the growing of catr tie, therefore, depends upon the place which pasturage may occupy in the growth of the animals and this in turn is determined largely by the oil matlc conditions. There is no ques tion whatever but that such pasture lands are admirably adapted to dairy cows and growing young stock. It Is my opinion that hogs may be very profitably grown under such condl tions, suplementlng the pasturage with little grain which can be either grown : or purchased. ' "Canada field peas have been culti vated very successfully all over eastern Washington where the rain fall is 15 inches or more both for forage and for green manure. It Is possible to get a growth of as much as three tons per acre of air dry material to be plowed under as green manure and field peas are much bet ter for this purpose than alfalfa, be cause they make their growth and are ready to plow under within about one hundred days, whereas alfalfa requires at least two years to get in good shape to plow under. Canada field peas should be seeded at the rate of about one and one-half bush els per acre on dry land, the ground being first plowed and well harrowed then the peas seeded with a grain drill in order to set them three or four inches under the ground. They can be seeded by sowing them broad cast on the ground and than plowing them under with a very shallow plow, but this method does not conserve the moisture as the other process outlined." FASHION HINTS rfT" V Black and white striped chiffon cloth is used for this dressy 'suit" waist. The special feature about it is the one-sided revere of velvet, reaching from neck to Waist. White chiffon cloth is used fur vest and ruffle. Fats of a Speeder. Gunner Blgwood, the millionaire, started oft for a banquet, and waa ar rested for speeding. Guyer Then he wasn't wined and toasted. Gunner No; Instead he waa fined and roasted. Automobile Lunches. A man who detests what he calls picnic food otherwise the cold food usually eaten at luncheon time when motoring; haa hit upon a plan by which it is posalble to have hot lunches when stranded far from home. Glass Jars are Wled with hot soup, coffee, chocolate, or any desired bev erage, another contains hot chicken terrapin, lobster newburg. creamed crab, dried beef, or any dish that can be prepared ahead of a meal. The Jars are then put in by the en gine of the motor, and when wanted are found to be aa hot and delicious Dressing a Fowl. When you kill a bird for the family dinner, place the care a? s after dress ing In cold water, so as to allow the animal heat to escape. Then put in a cool place, allowing the muscles to relax, and It la ready for culinary op eration a. 3 hv,v vf-r v-.-t DOINGS OF OREGON Salem, Jan. 28. Conspiracy on the part of a number of members of the house of representatives to pre vent a session today was followed thia morning by issuance of warrants for the arrest by the sergeant-at-arms and an assistant, of seven missing Multno mah county representatives and any others he might find in Portland. The action taken this morning was approved by'.the 37 members who gath ered in the assembly hall and who found that they lacked three of a quorum. It is the first time since the famous "hold-up ' session of 1897 that such a course has been followed. Good roads won a third victory in the senate yesterday when the bill pro viding the method for bond issues by counties making effective an amend ment to the constitution adopted by the people last Novemer, was passed by a vote of 20 to 8. Only one other good roads measure is left pending in the senate. This is the bill which provides for working city and county prisoners on the roads, senate bill 72, which was found to be improperly printed and had to be sent back to the printer. Senator Joseph a naval militia bill, which continues the organization al ready formed and restains the present officers in command, went through the senate yesterday with 21 affirmative votes and seven in the negative. Al though Barrett of Washington made a hard fight for his bill reducing the li cense for country peddlers, the senate yesterday turned down the bill by 16 to 11. The bill would have cut the li cense for peddlers on foot from $25 k $10, one horse and wagon from $100 to $25 and made the rate for two horses or auto $50, instead of $150 for two horse ancLwagons and $300 for auto mobiles. Salem, Ore., Jan. 27. With only ten dissenting votes, the house to day passed Buchanan's bill abolish ing the whipping post. By the pro visions of the bill, wife-beating is made punishable In the same manner as other aggravated cases of assault and battery. The debate on the bill, which was defeated in the legisla ture two years ago, was brief. Bu chanan argued that the law was a blur on the statute books of the! state, while its enforcement did not deter any man from beating his wife. Recommendations that the house joint memorial to congress asking for $250,000 for the Roseburg federal building and a memorial asking for the passage of Hawley's bill in con gress for the support of the Indian war veterans, received favorable con sideration in the senate today. A move for a joint committee be tween Oregon and California to pass on game laws and a re olution for a statement of increasing and continu ing appropriations were given un favorable' consideration by the com mittee. The house today defeated Bige- low's bill; authorizing the governor by special proclamation to create bird and .game refuges on state or private lands. This measure was ob jected to from fear that the game warden, in recommending the crea tion of these refuges, might trespass too much on the privileges now en joyed by sportsmen. Civil war veterans will continue to pay the required peddler's license, the bouse today killing by indefinite postponement Representative Jones' bill exempting old soldiers from the operation of this statute. Salem, Or., Jan. 26. Place all con victs on the roads when not needed for other purposes at the State Pen itentiary and create a State Highway Commission. These are the moves carried in two bills that passed the senate this afternoon after a pro longed fight. Something of the conflict was pre saged when McCulloch of Baker, ob jected to creation of a State Highway Commission, as Joseph's Senate Bill N. 42 came ud for consideration. This bill was passed upon favorably by the sena.'e, Tuesday, while sitting as a committee of the whole to hear the pleas of men representing 300 leading Portland citizens. Then only eight votes were recorded against it. Passage of the measure was thought to be comparatively easy today until unexpected opposition appeared. McCulloch declared that from the sagebrush country in Eastern Oregon there had come down the line the word that they do not want the High way Commission, and that he would be compelled to vote against It. Rigid and thorough investigation of the affairs and management of the Oregon State Insane Asylum was ordered by both the senate and the house in resolutions adopted today. The senate adopted a resolution providing for' a committee of five members, three from the house and wo from the senate, while the house provided for a special committee of ve of its own members to conduct the inquiry. Both resolutions instruct the Inves tigating committee to make a report of their findings to the legislature prior to adjournment. Unless the two houses get together and decided on a joint committee it Is possible an investigation may be conducted by two separate commit tees, i Oil Painting of Two Asked. Salem, Or, Jan. 26. Through the adoption of a house concurrent reso lution, introduced by the resolutions committee, the house today approved the purchase hy the state of oil portraits of ex-Governor Benson and ex-Acting-Governor Bowerman, to be exhibited in either the huse or sen ate chambers. The resolution (toes to the senate for Its favorable ac Iton' before the paintings will be or dered. STATE LEGISLATURE Salem, Or., Jan. 25. Sale of the state pilot schooner San Jose was au thorized by the house yesterday af ternoon. The bill presented by Leln enweber of Clatsop, was unanimously passed after the author had explained that the ship was a dead weight upon tne nands of the pilot commission. Clatsop county now awaits only the signature of the governor to sanction the proposed two and a half mill tax to raise funds for the Astoria centen nial celebration. Senate bill No. 61, authorizing the tax, was approved by tne bouse, following: brief emlana- tions by Representatives Lelnenweber and Belland of Clatsop. The proposal to construct a bridge across the Columbia river at Portland to connect Oregon and Washington, which was killed at the last session, has been revived. BIgelow of Mult nomah presented a resolution in the house, appropriating $5000 for an in vestigation by the state engineer to learn whether or not the project is feasible. The bridge would form a connecting link for the proposed Pa cific highway between the two states. Peterson of Umatilla withdrew house bill No. 49, permitting any per son to serve summons in a legal ac tion. Members of the revision of laws committee refused to aprove it on the grounds that it might be used as a medium of fraud by unscrupu lous persons. House bill No. 142, making oral evl dence admissible In a case of obtain ing money on false pretenses, was killed, following an unfavorable com mittee report. BIgelow of Multnomah presented a resolution asking the five Multnomah county circuit judges to appear be fore the committee on judiciary and discuss the bill to increase the bench to seven. Abrams of Marlon would have, the government set aside 30,000 acres in the Klamath Indian reservation and Crater Lake national forest for perm anent use as grounds for maneuvers of the United States troops and mil itia. Salem, Or., Jan. 24. Although both houses of the legislature worked In dustriously this morning, little was accomplished, beyond the passage of a few bills of little .general import ance. The good roads enthusiasts will have their innings in the senate this afternoon, the bills on that subject being made a special order. A new resolution calling for an in vestigation of affairs at the state in sane asylum was introduced by Dim Ick In the senate and went to com mittee. It directs particular inquiry as to the number of employes and the necessity for their employment and gives power to compel attendance of witnesses for taking of testimony on all phases of the situation. Verbal clashes of rival interests came last night in committee meet ings over the sailors' boarding house bill, the eight-hour bill and the naval militia bill. The latter will come from the senate committee with a provision retaining present officers of the reserve in office. The senate passed one bill and kill ed another this morning, but the ses sion was featureless. Committees are slow in reporting out their bills. The house passed four bills. The legislature was stormed today by 300 Oregon advocates of the Good Roads movement. Two-hundred came from Portland ujglng that Multnomah county, by the terras of the five high ways bills framed by the Oregon Good Road3 association, i3 presenting the state with road making funds for the direct benefit of every other county but with indirect benefit, only to -business interests. Salem, Jan. 23. Numerous bills to hedge in officials at state institutions. resolutions calling for investigation of state establishments from separate Investigations of the asylum and the office of Insurance commission to a resolution, sweeping in its nature and covering all of the state institu tions and officials, were features In both houses today. They marked a continuance of the sentiment which has been expressed forcibly that lavish expenditure and extravagance have marked the con duct of affairs at the asylum and that there is a possibility of further instances of this being unearthed at other institutions. Senator Wood introduced several bills covering state institutions. They have as their end in view the complete elimination of possibility of future deficiencies and would change the present system of expending pub lic money for public institutions. Dimlck introduced a bill requiring that the secretary of state shall make a personal inspection of every vouch er drawn and every warrant paid and that such shall be signed by him per sonally. One of Woods bills makes it un lawful for any trustee or officer of any state institution to allow a de ficiency to be created. Such de ficiency, the bill recites, must be re paid personally by the trustee re sponsible or by his bondsrten. An other of Woods bills provides that no warrant shall be drawn by the secretary of state unless an appro priation has been made therefor, nor shall any account bo audited and or dered paid unless the appropriation covering the same has not been ex hausted. To Reform Judicial System. Salem, Jan. 24. Planning compre hensive reform of the Judicial system of the state, which Is generally re garded as having been made easy by the adoption of sweeping amendments to the constitution at the last elec tion, Senator Wood has introduced a bill for the appointment of a com mittee to devise a new Judicial act to cover the entire field of Jury sys tem and courts. The bill calls for a commission of 30 members. COAST APPLE MEN COMBINE Growers, of Northwest Meet at Port land Committees Named. Portland. Representing an aggre gate capital of $50,000,000, invested in apple orchards and an output of 10,- 000 cars yearl, having a value of from $6,000,000 to $8,000,000, more than 100 applegrowers from Oregon, Washington and Idaho gathered In the Y. M. C. A. auditorium for the pur pose of forming a National selling agency of sufficient breadth and width to control and dispose of the apples produced in the three states men tioned. A committee of 15 was appointed at the close of the day's work to prepare a working plan for the con sideration of the convention tomor row morning. Leading apple culturlsts from the three states took part in the proceed ings. Ex-Governor Miles C. Moore, of Washington; Judge Fremont Wood, of Boise, Idaho; Miles Cannon, of Welser, Idaho; E. C. Benson, of Pros- ser, Wash., ex-president of the Wash ington State Horticulture Society; C E. Whisler, of Medford, representing the Rogue River Fruit and Produce Association; H. C. Atwell, c-f Forest Grove, Or., president of the Oregon State Horticultural Society; J. N. Stone, of Milton, Or.; H. C. Richards, of North Yakima, Wash.; A. P. Bate- man, of Mosier, Or., and C. H. Sproat, of Hood River, Or., were among the more active spirits of the enterprise. The only opposition to the plan proposed came from the pessimistic tone that prevailed through the tais of E. H. Shepherd, editor of Better Fruit, published at Hood River. Al though the discussion lasted through out the day and the speakers were numerous, Mr. Shepherd could' not see the light as advanced by the more hopeful in the plan of creating a central distributive agency for the output He maintained that there was no way for an organization at least he had heard of no plan which would equalize the values between the apples produced In the various districts. He was certain that there was no chance for over-production. That he regarded as a bug-a-boo cre ated by the railroads and the press. All Government statistics," said the speaker, "that I have been able to get hold of, all the information that I have gathered and all of the inter views with old-time nursery men go to show that over-production is im possible, in apples at least. There is no such a thing as over-production In this country in any food product There may be faults of distribution for a continuous number of years that 'has never occurred and cannot occur in any known food product." Regardless of Mr. Shepherd's views, the applegrowers continued in their deliberations and appointed the fol lowing committee to draft a plan: H. W. Otis, of Wenatchee, Wash.; H. C. Sproat, of Hood River; H. C. Lamb, of Milton, Or.; John Forbis, of Port land; C. F. Whisler, of Medford, Or.; A. P. Bateman, of Mosier, Or.; Miles Cannon, of Weiser, Idaho; C. L. Smith, of Lewiston, Idaho; Will F. Ritz, of Walla Walla, Wash.; W. M Nelson, of North Yakima, Wash.; George C. Eaton, of Granger, Wash.; C. H. Clark, of Wenatchee, and G. H. Sprague, of Cashmere, Wash. The convention was called to order by President Atwell, of the Oregon State Horticultural Society, Frank W. Power, of Portland, was made sec retary. A committee on credentials was selected and they made a report in the afternoon. The call of the convention specified that the object of the meeting was to form a co-oper ative Belling agency and to provide some means for apple box legisla tion. Suggestions were tendered as to the best plan of procedure and discussion disclosed the fact that the appointment of a committee should be made to work out a plan, C. E. Whisler took the lead in the debate and contended that the diffi culties of the undertakine were, first. f the method of establishing grades and, second, what should be done with regard to the division of the re ceipts of the selling agency. Should there be a "jack-pot" created, as the speaker called it, in which all should be given an equal share of the pro ceeds, or should values be placed upon the apples of each district and division of the receipts be placed on this basis? In this debate George Aggers, of White Salmon; A. F. Hell Inwell, of White Salmon; J. G. Tate, of Hood River; C. B. Clark, of Wen atchee; J. N. Stone, of Milton; W. K. Newell, of Gaston; C. L. Dick, of Sa lem, and others took part Jap Socialists Hang. Toklo. Disregarding a stream of protests from all over the world, the Japanese government wiped out by means of the gallows tie lives of Denjiro Kotoku, his mistress, Surga Kanno, and 10 other Japanese Social ists convicted in secret sessions of the court, of having conspired against the life of the mikado. The hanging of the 12 victims of .the government's fear of. Socialism began at 9 o'clock In the morning in the central prison and the trap was not sprung for the last one until 1 p. m. Nation to Hide Paroles. Washington. Men who have their paroles from Federal prisons here after will step back into the world to begin life anew unadvertised and without the limelight of publicity. Attorney-General Wickersham and Robert W. Ladow, chairman of the parole board, have decided that pub licity In -such cases helps to defeat the object of the parole law. Gaynor's Foe In Prison. New York. James J. Gallacher. who shot Mayor Gaynor and Street Commissioner Edwards on a steam ship on a dock at Hoboken last Au gust was taken to the New Jersey 3t tHon to serve 12 yean at hard labor. ,i . A T FOR PEOPLE President Tafl Takes Firm Stand For Cheaper Living. Absolute Silence Is Hia Only Answer To All Pleas For a Change Of Attitude. Washington. Embarrassed is a mild word to define the predicament in which members of Congress have found themselves since President Taft submitted his proposition for a reduction in the cost of living through the medium of reciprocity with Can ada. High protectionists, confident of the sympathy of the Executive, have not hesitated to go to the White. House with predictions that the party will be disrupted if the program is in sisted upon. Insurgent Republicans, many of whom have become unac customed to visit the White House at all, have been uursuing a policy of silence. While some of them are ready to admit that the proposed agreement is in line with the tariff arguments, thtey fear to adopt it lest they bring upon their heads the wrath of agri culturists. President Taft Is said to be about the only one who is showing no con cern about the situation. He is said to have met all arguments against the agreement with a determination to disregard mere political objec tions, whether they come from stand patters or insurgents. He believes that what he has rec ommended is right, and he has maae it clear that so long as he continues so to believe, he cannot be dissuaded from using every force at his com mand to promote legislation to put the agreement into operation. That President Taft realized fully what arguments would be advanced by protectionists against freedom of tariff realatlons with Canada is prov ed by the ways and means committee of the house, or the finance commit tee of the senate, was apprised in advance as to what articles would be affected by the agreement. His consultations were had exclus ively with the Government trade ex perts and only such of those as were believed to be beyond political influ ence. In nothing he has done since he has been President, has Mr. Taft displayed so independent a spirit. Progressive Republicans are de riving some comfort from the fact that Senator Aldrich and Speaker Cannon and others of the "old guard" apparently were as much in the dark as any one else about the President's plans. RATS MAY PROVE MENANCE. Physician Sees Danger of Plague In Rodent-Infested Ships. Chicago. "Until all ships coming to the United States from plague infested China are stopped outside the harbors of ports of entry and the rats aboard absolutely destroyed. America will continue to be in grave danger of a death-dealing plague, in every way as bad as that now raging In the Orient." This warning is sounded by Dr. G. Frank Lydston, professor of gen-ito-urinary surgery at the University of Illinois, well known writer and one of Chicago's best known phy sicians. Dr. Lydston personally in vestigated the second epidemic of bubonic plage in Australia a few years ago, and is one of the best in formed men on the subject in the country. "The rat flea plague of all types is essentially a Chinese disease," said Dr. Lydston. "If the plague is of a particularly virulent type, as I un dertsand is the case in this present Chinese plague, and if the resistance of the victim is low, the victim dies before the glands, which are really protective barriers against poisons ia the blood, have a chance to react. This accounts for the lack of visible bubonic symptoms in this Chinese plague." Strike Halts Passover. New York. The output of un leavened bread, eaten over all the world by orthodox families during the feast of the Passover, is tied up by a general strike of the Matzo bakers here. The strike went into effect ai or ders were pouring in from distant cities for the passover supply. New lork is the center of the Matzo trade. Strike leaders say 1000 bak ers are Involved in the strike which is for higher wages. Floods Block Trains. Los Angeles. Traffic on the Coast line of the Southern Pacific la ser iously offected as the result of flood conditions in the northern part of Santa Barbara County. The reports received at the local offices of the Southern Pacific are to the effect that the tracks have been covered with debries at the Mud flats west of Gaviota. The track is reported to be intact but it wjll take Beveral hours to clear it Jamaica Wants 1915 Fair. Kingston. Jamaica. The Jamaica chamber of commerce Is directing a proposal to recommend to the Gov ernment the holding of a big exposl tlon here in 1915. coincident with the formal opening of the Panama Canal. FIG