r; The ,'Heppner Gazette !
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1901.
THE HBGRO QUESTION.
From Louis F. Post' Paper, 1
The, Public.
In an article in the Century, Mr.
JXrtnlon
Jerome Dowd, a southerner, makes
some "practical suggestions" regarding
the negro He declares, as most south
, erners do, whejLfiscuseing this ques
yiion, that-itfie southern people un
derstand the negro." This assumption
we venture, with a good feeling and
respect for those who adopt it, to most
. seriously doubt. Both upon the gen
eral principles of human association
and from personal observation, we are
if,; quite sure that the southern people
do not understand the negro. This is
not to say that the northern people
understand bim. Thev do not. Though
w their understanding of him differs
essentially from that of the southern
people, there is no real understanding
in either case. In the nature of things
f there cannot be. No man can under-
stand another, no race can understand
' another, unless they associate upon
j f terms of perfect quality. Rich north
I erners for example, do not understand
I the working classes of their own color
J und race, among whom they live and
1 from whoso ranks many of them have
1 sprung. How much less,' then, should
I the southern people understand the
I . negro. That they understand him as
I masters understand slaves, is doubtless
" true. That they understand him as
I superiors understand inferiors is also
I true. That they understand him as
' people of one caste understand those
I of another is likewise true, but they
1 do not understand him as a man.
I They do not understand him as mem-
bers of his own race do. They do not
I , understand him as they understand
I - their own white associates.
We could ask for no better proof of
this than the Century article by Mr.
Dowd, an article which is both intelli
gent and generous. Mr. Dowd com
plains of the negro's clan spirit, and
seem b to regard this as evidence of
race inferiority. It is a familiar
ground of complaint in the south.
Yet in the very next paragraph Mr.
Dowd ingenuously recognizes that
spirit as eminently human as human,
at least.for white men; or. at any rate,
for southern white men. For he says:
"It should be well understood by this
time that no foreign race inhabiting
this country and acting together politi
cally can dominate the native whitos."
What is that if not an .exhibition of
einn spirit. Can it be doubted that
the neero'a clannisbness has its root in
the same human nature that develops
the doctrine of white supremacy? Yet
southerners whose views agree with
Mr. Dowd's. claim to understand the
neero. All through his article Mr
Dowd reveals the conviction he holds
in common with his sectional com
patriots, and which prevails also in
the north, that the negro's character
istics are those of an inferior race. Yet
he shows as clealrv, and all uncon
sciously, as he describes the negro's
environment, that those characteristics
are due not to inferior race qualities
but to inferior social opportunities
One illustration will serve. Mr
Dowd points out in allusion to the
negro that "all their tastes lie in the
realm of the obiective and the con
crete." They cannot generalize.
Their enjoyment Is in tbe spectacular,
So much so that "factories employing
negroes generally find it necessary to
enanan Anavaf frino An 'nifflio f I u V ' ' '
But this does not describe a race of riec
essarilv inferior intellectual qualities
The inability ,ns white men suppose, of
Wild races to trunk: except in tne ob
jective and concrete, is fully accounted
tor by the fact that their environment
is too primitive to stimulate abstract
thought. It does not prove inherent
lack of capacity. And when so-called
inferior races liviiiL' in civilized aur
foundings also exhibit defective powers
of abstract reasoning, the all-sufficient
'explanation is that they are held down
to lower intellectual levels by the
spirit of caste. Though they come in
contact with the advanced race, it is
only casually and in a subordinate
manner. Their thought life is lived in
their own primitive and repressive on
vironroent. Though they are admitted
up at the house, it is only to serve
their real life is among their absolute
equals. What Mr. Dowd attributes to
inferior race capacity, are plainly
only the phenomena of hardened dis
tinction of caste.
The same -results would follow the
same conditions of caste if the negro
were white and Anglo-Saxon. Do
Tocqueville gives us a simple illustra
tion cf the principle in his "Demo
cracy in America" (vol. 2, page 66,
third edition), where he says:
"in ranee very tew pleasures are
exclusively reserved for the higher
classos; the poor are admitted wrier
ever the rich are received; and they
consequently behave with propriety.
and respect whatever contributes to the
enjoyments in which they themselves
Earticipate. In England, where wealth
as a monopoly of amusement as well
as of power, complaints are made
that whenever the poor happen to steal
. into the inclosures which are reserved
for the pleasures of the rich, they
commit acts of wanton mischief."
No doubt the wealthy English found
an explanation of tbic rudeness in
theory of hereditary inferiority ; where
as it was truly, as JJe Tocqueville lm
plies, an outgrowth' of caste. Whero
easte exits, no theories of racial or
hereditary inferioritv are admissible
Where caste exists, the suoerior caste
can make no well-founded claims to
knowledge of the inferior. They may
know their external peculiarities, but
nothing more. An inferior caste never
reveals itself, its real self, to the su
perior. That the little white children
of the south understand the little black
children as well as they understand
one another, we ' have no manner of
doubt. But from the day that each
discovers the impassable social barrier,
from that moment their lives diverge.
Thereafter each may know the other
as master and slave do, as high caste
and low caste do; but no longer
friend knows friend. Louis Post's
paper, "The Public."
BRYAN'S PAPER, "THE COMMONER,
The following introductory article
appears on the first page of "the first
issue of W. J. Bryan's paper, "The
Commoner:"
Weoster defines a commoner aa "one
of the common people." The name
has been selected for thia paper be
cause the Commoner will endeavor to
aid the common people in the protec
tion of their rights, 'the advancement
of their interests and the realization
of their aspirations.
It ia not necessary to apologize for
the use of a term which distinguishes
the great body of the population from
the comparatively few, who, for one
reason or another, withdraw themselves
from sympathetic connection with
their fellows. Among the Greeks
"Hoi polloi" was used to describe the
many, while among the Romana the
word "pleba" was employed for the
same purpose. These appellations.
like "the common people," have been :
assumed with pride by those to whom
IS
were applied, while they have
hoen used as terms of reproach by
those who counted themselves among
the aristocratic classes. Within recent
years there has been a growing ten
dency in some quarters to denounce as
emagogic any reference to, or praise
of, the common people.
One editor in a late issue of his
paper takes exception to the phrase
and says: ,
"This expression is an ill-chosen one
and should have no lodgment in the
vocabulaj-y of an American Patriot and
statesman. If we sought its origin
few would look for it in that specious
demagogy which has evolved the pro
fessional politician, arrayed country
against towr,, the farmer and his sons
and daughters against the business
and professional men and their sons
and daughters, capital against labor,
and built up against neighbors the im
pregnable barriers of prejudice and
hate." 1
This quotation is reproduced because
it fairly represents the views of those
who criticise the expression. It has,
however, an eminently respectable
origin. In the same chapter in which
Christ condensed man's duty to his
fellows into the commandment: Thou
shalt love thy neighbor as thyself; in
the same chapter in which he de
nounced those who devour widows'
houses and for a pretense make long
prayers in this same chapter it is
said of turn: The common . people
heard Him gladly.
.No higher compliment was ever paid
to anv class. ,
The ' term, the common people, is
properly used to describe the large ma
jority of the people those who earn
their living and give to society a fair
return for the benefits bestowed by
society those who in their daily lives
recognize the ties which bind togeth )r
the mass of the people who have a
common lot and a common hope. Some
times they are called "the middle
classes" because paupers and crimi
nals are excluded on the one hand,
while on the other hand some exclude
themselves because of wealth or posi
tion or pride of birth. The common
people form the industrious, intelligent
and patriotic element of our popula
tion; they produce the nation s wealth
in time ot peace and fight the nation's
battles in time of war. They are self-
reliant and independent; they ask of
government nothing but justice aud
will not be satisfied with less. They
are pot seeking to get their hands into
other people's pockets, but are content
it they can keep other people's bands
out of their pockets.
the common people do not constitute
an exclusive society, they are not of the
tour hundred; any one can become a
member If he is willing to contribute
bv brain or muscle to . the nation's
strength and greatness. Only those are
barred and .they are barred by their
own choice who imagine themsleves
made of a superior kind of clay and
who deny the equality of all before the
law. "
A rich man; who has honestly
acquired his wealth and is not afraid to
intrust its care to laws made by his
fellows, can count himself among the
common people, while a poor man is
not really one of them if he fawns be
fore a plutocrat and has no higher am
bition than to be a courtier or a
sycophant. -
The Commoner will be satisfied if,
by fidelity to the common people, it
proves its right to the name which
has been chosen.
GENEROUS LEGISLATORS.
Solons at Salem Render .Justice to a
Poop German Girl.
By virtue of the generosity of the
delegation from Multnomah county in
the legislature, a purse was raised at
Salem to pay the court feos for a writ
of habeas corpus in the cose of a Ger
man girl who was sentenced to the
county jail for twenty-five days under
a fine of $50 for the alleged stealing of
some wearing apparel 'at Wood burn,
Marion county. The potition was heard
before Judge Boise, and the girl was
discharged. She has-been assisted to
some good clothing and several per
sons, including the Multnomah dele
gation, are interesting themselves to
get work for her. The girl, whose
name is Bertha Crader, had been work
ing for a man in Woodburn, who failed
to pay her according to a contract,
and when she left she took a couple of
waists with her of little or no value.
The papers upon which she was ar
rested were entirely faulty, and the
whole proceedings 'aroused, considera
ble indignation.
INOCULATING THE SOIL.
Kansas Experiments, Hade on a Large
Scale, Reported Successful1.
The principle of the microbe inocula
tion of the soil for the purpose of forc
ing the growth of certain of the
legumes, or bean family, has been
carried out in Kansas on the largest
scale yet reported. - Leguminous plants
assimilate free nitrogen for tbo air
through the intermediary of tubercles
on the roots, which are due to low
forms of organic life. The Kansas
soil, it was found, contained none of
the organisms necessary for this
absoprtion of nitrogen. Accordingly
tbo Kansas experiment station intro
duced soil from Maine in which the
soy bean was known to thrive. Crops
were successfully grown and thia soil
used for further inoculation of other
plots. The experiments have now. been
continued over several seasons, demon
strating that the soil can be inoculated
in a wholesale manner by this method.
As a result the soy bean can be grown
on Kansas aoil over a large area. The
value of this plant liea not only in the
forage crop it produces, but in its
ability to extract nitrogen from the
air,which is utilized to enrich the soil.
Agulnaldo Interviewed.
A correspondent of the New York
World in the Philippines has inter
viewed Aguinaldo, who ia quoted aa
saying that he will continue to fight
and that he lias no confidence in
American promises. Aguinaldo's own
words were :
'I have not forgotten their profes
sions of friendship and of support
given me by Dewey and Otis and all
of them, and especially by Wildman.
My army fought with and for them,
to defeat the Spanish, and promises,
most solemnly given, that we were to
have independence, were made. All
these solemn promises have been re
pudiated by tbem all. No, amnesty
means American slavery, and obedi
ence to the will of McKinley. To
accept amnesty means shame, infamy,
slavery, degradation. Personally it
means imprisonment for me. Until
the Filipino nation shall have a gov
ernment oi its own thia war will go
on.
oiena i nomas, zu years old, was
crushed to death in Chicago bv the
1 x ; .i r ... . ...
elevator in me ioung woman a Chris
tian Association building. She had
watched the inmates vaccinated by a
doctor, fcbe took the elevator to her
room, where she fainted, falling for
ward, her head being caught between
the car and floor.
SUPREME COORT DECISIONS.
' Prof. Bryce has called the ' supreme
court of the United States "the living
voice of the constitution." While we
are waiting for its authoritative word
on the Porto Rican cases a retrospect
of some of its most important decisions
the landmarks of American constitu
tional law has timely interest.
National supremacy: In the first
period of its existence, while John
Jay and John Marshall were chief jus
tices (1790-lssd), the supreme court a
i ding decisions, taken in a body, all
tend to establish one great - coustitu
tional doctrine the supremacy of the
federal government over the state gov
ernments in all matters in which a
conflict could arise as to the limits
of their respective authorities. Thus
in Ware vs. Hylton the court held that
the United States by treaty could
annul a state law. In Cbisholm vs.
the state of Georgia it decided that a
sovereign state could be sued in the
federal courts by any citizen. The
eleventh amendment to the constitu
tion was adopted to counterpoise this
decision. 1 .
In Marbury vs. Madison it declared
its power to adjudge any act of con
gress to be null and void. It affirmed
its power in the cases raised by Aaron
Burr'a staff (arrested for treason) to
issue writs of habeas corpus, and pro
claimed that.no one could be guilty of
treason by merely conspiring to subvert
by force the government of the coun
try. In Fletcher vs. Peck it ruled
that a legislative grant made by a state
could not be revoked. In McCulloch
vs. the state of . Maryland, decided in
1819 the power of the federal govern
ment to' create a bank was affirmed
and the right of a state to tax any
branch of a federal bank was denied.
This famous decision was never re
versed by the court but President Jack
son closed up the United States bank
in spite of it. '
Dartmouth college case: More popu
larly celebrated than any of these de
cisions was that in the Dartmouth
college case (1819). The state of New
Hampshire claimed the right to amend
the charter which it had previously
granted to the college and transfer its
property to a hew corporation. The court
derided that it could not do so; that
a charter was a contract which no
state had the right to impair. Daniel
Webster's aplendid fame as a lawyer
and orator began with his argument in
this case. But as counsel for Harvard
college a few years later he had the
mortification, of hearing Chief Justice
Taney deliver a decision reversing
that which he won for Dartmouth col
lege. This reversal was in the judg.
ment on what is known as the Bridge
case in which the court held that the
state of Massachusetts had a right to
nullify an old grant made to Harvard
college in 1650.
Regulation of commerce: Again in
Gibbons vs. Ogden the court decided
that congress had exclusive authority
to regulate commerce in all its forms
on all the navigable waters of the
United States without any monopoly,
restraint or interference by state legis
lation. But this deoision of Marshall's
was reversed by a later one of ' Taney's
In the case of the city ot JNew York vs
Miln in which it was ruled that a
state legislature could impose regula
tions upon the masters of vessles arriv
ing in their ports and collect penalties
for their non-observance. And thia
reversal baa since been reversed.
Again in the case of Craig vs. the
state of Missouri the court decided that
a state law establishing loan offices
and authorizing the issue of certificates
of stock was unconstitutional because
they were "bills of credit which the
constitution forbids the states to emit.
Later in 1837 thia ruling was com
pletely reversed in the case of Briscoe
vs. the Bank of Kentucky.
, ,
The Cherokee episode: Next in order
of time among landmark decisions was
that in the uherokee case. When
Georgia in 1792 ceded her western
territory to the United States the
federal government agreed to extin
guish the Indian titles to lands in
Georgia aa soon aa this could be peace
ably done. Aa the United States had
by treatiea recognized the Cberokeea as
a nation having their own laws and
had guaranteed to them all the lands
not hitherto ceded it could not legally
disturb tbem in their possessions
Georgia passed laws extending herlawa
and jurisdiction over the Cherokee
people and dividing up their domain
among the people of the state by lot.
Thia proceeding was finished in 1830.
Appeals to the government by the
Cheorkees for . protection under their
treaty rights called out the response
from President Jackson' that "a state
ia sovereign in its own domain" and
that the United States could not inter
fere. A Cherokee convicted of homi
cide in the Indian lands being sen
tenced to be banged under the laws of
Georgia the case went to the supreme
court which in 1830 granted a writ of
error requiring the state to show cause
why the matter should not go to the
Cheorkee courts. President Jackson is
quoted as saying: "John Marshall
has made the decision now let him
execute it." The writ was disregarded
and the Cherokee was executed the
first instance of the nullification by
atate of laws of the United States.
Taney 'a Dred Scott judanent: A caae
which created a far more Profound im-
preeoion waa the Dred Scott affair in
1857- In 1834 Dr. Emerson of the
United States army took Dred Scott,
one of bis slaves, with him from
Missouri to Illinois where slavery waa
prohibited by statute and thence to
Fort Snelling in what ia now Minne
aota where it waa prohibited by the
Missouri compromise. Four years
later he returned to Missouri. Learning
that bia residence in free territory
gave him .a claim to lreedom Dred
Scott in 1848, having been whipped by
hia master's ordera, brought suit in St.
Louis against him for assault and
battery. This action raised the ques
lion oi ma ireeaom. Alter many
mutationa in the case, during which
Scott changed masters by being pur
cnasea oyj. r. a. eaniora, oi -ew
York, the matter got to the supreme
conrt in itsaa.
On March 6, 1857, Taney read the
decision (Justices McLean and Curtis
dissenting), which waa that Scott waa
not a citizen of Missouri in the sense
in which the word "citizen" ia used
in the constitution ; tbat the lower
court had no jurisdiction in the case;
that Scott bad no right to cue and
that the judgment of the lower court
must be reversed and a mandate
issued directing the suit r be dis
missed for want of jurisdiction. The
decision went further than this, bow
ever; touching on the slavery question
in its Droaa political aspect, and here
in lies its historical importance. It
denied the right of congresa to control
slavery in the territories and declared
tbat the Missouri compromise of 1820.
prohibiting slavery in the Louisiana
territory north of 36 degreea 30
minutes, waa unconstitutional and
void. In passing, the popular fiction
that Taney declared that negroea "had
no righta which the white man waa
bound to respect" ahould be once more
exposed. Taney, never said so. He
did say : tbat in a previous century
negroea were on that footing, and he
said truly. ,
.'
Contrary rulings on liquor laws: In
1847, in the case of Pierce vs. New
Hampshire, the court decided that a
atate might prohibit the manufacture
or sale of liquors or their importation
from another atate, even though such
liquors had been brought into the
country from foreign countres , under
the authority of an act of congress.
But in 1889, in the Original-Package
case (Leisy vs. Hardin), the decision
of Taney in Pierce vs. New Hamp
shire was reversed, and state laws in
terfering with the importation of
liquors "in the original packages or
kegs" were declared unconstitutional.
By a large number of decisions the
court in the reconstruction period
upheld the war amendments giving
equal rights to the negroes, but it de
clared Charles Sumner's civil rights
bill an unconstitutional exercise of the
power of congress.
The greenback cases: We come now
to the great legal-tender decisions. A
suit brought in 1864 to compel the pay
ment in coin of s note made in 1860,
two years before the legal-tender or
greenback aut was passed, went to the
supreme court, and in 1869 that tribu
nal, through a majority of its mem
bers, declared that the law of February
25, 1862. the greenback act, waa un
constitutional so far aa it made the
greenbacks legal tender for debts con
tracted prior to its passage. All the
democratic members of the court, to
gether with Chief Justice Chase, con
curred in this decision. The three re
publican justices dissented. In 1870,
one democratic justice having retired
in the interval and two republicans
(strong and Bradley having been ap
pointed, . the matter came before the
court again, and the earlier decision
was reversed and late (1884) in
Julliard vs. Greenman, the court even
went further and decided that congress
bad power to make its note legal tender
without limit in time ot peace or war
Income tax decision : Last but not
least memorable in the list of great
question on which the supreme court
has see-sawed in its decisions is that
of the income tax. In 1868 by unani
mous decision, the court declared the
levying of an income tax upon corpor
ations to be valid, and in 1880 in
Springer vs. the United States it again
unanimously voted tbat an income tax
essentially like the one enacted by
congress in 1894 was constitutional.
But on May 20, 1895, by a vote of five
justices to four . the income tax was
declared to be unconstitutional. And
the fact is historic though not clearly
accounted for that only a few days
before the decision was announced one
of the five justices (Justice Shiras) was
ot tte contrary opinion, the court,
therefore, stands on this question as
having twice unanimously decided that
an income tux is constitutional and
once by a bare, majority of one that it
ia unconstitutional, and the majority
of one changed his mind within a week
of casting his vote. The question will
probably come up again. - Mr. Justice
Harlan, dissenting from the opinion
judgment of May, 1895, used , these
memorable words: "I hope it may not
prove the first step toward ' the sub
mergence of the liberties of the people
in a sordid despotism ot wealth."
The court's sweeping powera:' Theae
are but' celebrated specimen cases
showing the sweeping power's exercised
by our highest tribunal. It is the
most powerful court in the world. In
interpreting the constitution it has
overruled alike acts of - congress, the
legislatures and the supreme courts of
sovereign states, and in doing so, as
the foregoing instances show, it has
often reversed itself and sometimes
reversed its reversals. How it will in
terpret the constitution aa applied to
the rights and powera of the United
States in acquiring, holding and gov
erning the new islands taken over
from Spain is obviously not less uncer
tain than how long the decision, what
ever it may be, will stand.
TAXABLE PROPERTY IN OREGON. ',
Umatilla County Stands Fourth In
Taxable Wealth.
Oregon has taxable property valued
at about $120,329,293, a alight increase
over 1899. At the time this table waa
made up, Lane, Polk and Multnomah
countiea had not reported to the secre
tary of state, and estimates are made
of their assessments. The final figures
will not materially change the aggre
gate valuation here given; .
County. , , 1900.
1899.
2,776,7(10
2,620,272
4,867,900
2,5o,io6
1,460,646
2,069,171
1,715,789
602,413
4,057,890
I,ii06,;x.4
9!il,36S
2,333,780
8,371,7(16
1,119,3(15
1,477,973
1,4(15,617
6,398,940
701,841
6,726,100
1,188,273
7,923,018
1,209,149
81,0,19,771
4,400,640
1,F33,805
1257 ,041
6,889,038
3,6-11,305
1,060,608
3,143,102
8,288,210
84,677
Bilker I
Denton.;
Clackumaa
2,880,255
2,624,762
4,'.K4,841
2,6M,OIG '
1,477,850
2,05,9O3
1,68,82
603,V32
4,223,215
1,002,198
' l,:l,:iS0
ClatHop....
Columbia..
Coos
Crook......
Curry
Douglas...
Gilliam....
Grant
Harney....
Jackson . . .
2,241 ,156
3,230,914
Joiephlne 1,11(8,863
Kiamain i,ns;su
Lake 1,5411,264
Lane 6,490,000
Lincoln 684,678
Llun ,6S4,06n
Malheur 1,667,765
Marion 7,7.1:1,018
Morrow 1,U7,7Sl
Multnomah 32,904,642
Polk 4,400,000
Sherman 1,864,603
Tillamook 1,818,728
Umatilla 6,684,999
union
Wallowa....,
Wasco
Washington.
3,987,782
1.124,6118
8,129,829
3,303,735
608.782
neeler.
Yamhill 4,770,106
Totali...
.112Q,329,23 1120,282,879
City of Salam Won. ,
The suit of the Pacific States Tele
phone and Telegraph company against
the city of Salem for an injunction re
straining the officers of the city from
collecting the tax due on telephones
under an ordinance of the city council,
was decided by Judge K. P. Boise of
the equity department of the circuit
court in Salem, in favor of the city.
The ordinance referred to was passed
last August, and levied a tax of Scents
a month on each telephone instrument
in use within the city. The tax be
came due on September 1, but the com
pany refused to pay the amount or
furnish the olficers with a list ot the
instruments in use.
At a meeting of the Catholic club,
of New York, an organization of high
chnrch Episcopalians, at which Itev.
Harry Wilson, of London, and Clifford
Kelway, of the Church Review, the
organ of the Catholic party in the
Church of England, were preaent.it waa
decided to publish an American edi
tion of tbe English Catholic organ in
Philadelphia, with an office in New
York, and to join the Catholic parties
in England and America for a wr on
Protestantism, and especially on the
low church Episcopalians.
From tbe moat trustworthy sources
it ia ascertained thero ia no foundation
whatever for the rumors frequently ap
pearing in the German presa that Em
peror William ia largely indebted to
Herr Krupp and other German capital
GENERAL NEWS.
The legislature of Indiana has
adopted electrocution as the mode of
capital punishment.
Lieutenant Taylor ot the United
States revenue launch Penrose was
drowned at Pensacola, Florida, Wednes
day night.
Li. Hung Chang gives the United
States credit for the relief to China
caused by the signing of the joint note
oy tne powers.
An extra session of congress ia nrob-
able, in view of the president's urgent
recommendation of legislation concern
ing the i'liilippitie islands.
The sultan of Turkey, who is much
affected by the death of Queen Vic
toria, has wired King Edward VII. an
expression of sympathy at his loss
and felicitations on his accession.
Charles F. W. Neely, who is charged
with embezzling the funds of the
Cuban postorhce, will sail for Havana
on tbe 26th inst., on the steamuhip
Mexico, to stand trial for bis alleged
crimes.
Premier Roblin at Winnipeg stated
that the Manitoba . government was
making attempts to purchase the
Northern Pacific railway in Manitoba,
but (o far, he said, nothing definite
has been done.
Because her husband had sold her
chickens and bought whisky with the
money, Mrs. William Towns, at Hart
ford, Ind., after having horsewhipped
Towns in a crowded street, endeavored
to wreck a saloon.
Wednesday was the anniversary of
the battle of Rolling Prairie, near
Little Rock, Arkansas which. was
fought January 23, 1801, between the
11th Missouri cavalry and the Union
forces. Eleven were killed.
A warrant of removal was granted at
Los Angeles in tbe United States dis
met court lor the return to Indian
Territory of Jeff Davis, an Indian,
who is wanted lor the murder of Henry
uarlisle, December 15, 1UUU.
J. J. Hill and his party of guests are
booked to leave bt. Paul, on a snecial
train, on March 1, for Seattle. It is
said this train will represent more
wealth .than was ever gathered on one
train in the history of the world.
T. C. Chandler, aged 68 years, died
at his home at Liberty, Missouri,
from , a stroke of apoplexy. He was
born in Virginia. lie served through
the civil . war in the confederate army,
and was adjutant under Colonel E.
W. Rucker. .
Judge Clements at Sigourney, Iowa,
overruled a motion for a new trial in
the case of tbe state versus Sarah
Kubn, and sentenced Sarah Kuhu to
spend the remainder of her natural
life at hard labor in the penitentiary
at Anamosa for the killing of her hus
band by poison.
The Josiah Morris bank, at Mont
gomery, one of the oldest private
banking institutions in Alabama, did
not open its doors for business Satur
day. The capital stock of the bank is
$100,000. Deposits are believed to be
heavy. The assets and liabilities are
not yet known.
At the instance of tbe attorney gen
eral, the war department today took
steps for the preservation of law and
order at' Muskogee. The war depart
ment has telegraphed General Jb'itz
hugh Lee, authorizing him to act in
hia own discretion in the matter of
aending troops.
Dr. Blunt, Texas state health officer,
has issued instructions from Austin for
the inspectors at the state lino to en
force a ' rigid quarantine against
Bakersfield, Calif., whero a case of the
plague ia said to have appeared and
to make the rules stringent'as apply
ing to San Francisco.
The Rio Grande freight depot in
Colorado Springs, Colorado, was
burned Saturday morning. Watchman
L. C. Wells waa found dead in the
buiding, lying in a pool of blood with
a revolver near hia right hand. It is
suspected that he was killed by buig
lars, who then fired the building.
Judge Bundy, in the Henry county
circuit court at New Castle, Indiana,
overruled a motion for a new trial in
tbe case of John Diehl, the rich
manufacturer of Akron, chared with
the responsibility for the death of
Miss Mary Farwin, a year ag'i, and the
defendant waa sentenced to 14 years in
the Michigan city prison.
General MacArthur has ordered the
deportation to the United States of
George T. L. Rice, editor of the Doily
Bulletin, a marine journal. Rice will
sail on the Pennsylvania Monday. The
order characteriea him as a "danger
ous incendiary and a ' menace to the
military situation" because he accused
the officer of tbe port of Manila of
grafting.
Estimates made by the beat-in formed
persons in the financial field fix the
value of Queeu Victoria's private
estate at something betweon $50,000,
000 and $60,000,000. Parliament upop
her accession granted her $1,925,000 a
year. This sum, it was estimated,
would maintain the royal cstabliNh
ment and leave the sovereign $400,000
for private money, or personal ex
penses. .
The destruction by bush fires in Auh
tralia, according to mail advices by the
steamship Aorangi, have been ap
palling. While manv people are
dropping dead Irum heat apoplexy,
the thermometer running up to 115
and 120 in the shade, hundreds upon
hundreds of families have been burned
out, and many have made miraculous
escapes.
A aubcommittee of the house coin
miteo on banking and currency re
ported favorably aa a subsitute for the
Overstreet currency bill, a bill provid
ing that the treasury shall pay gold
on demand for silver or other claea
of money, in aiima not less than $50
and the silver and other forma of
money thus received by the treasury
shall be placed in the reserve fond.
Clark Bel), president of the Medical
and Legal Aid aociety, has announced
that hm aociety baa determined to
take up the Maybrickcase at once, and
that the chances are now more favor
able than ever for the pardon or
acquittal, after fair trial, of the Ameri
can woman under sentence of life im
prisonment in England charged with
murdering her htiHhand by poisoning.
Grace Anderson baa brought suit
against Charles J. Anderson in Han
Francisco for divorce on the ground of
cruelty, and he brought auit against
her to recover 40 United States govern
ment bonda of the par value of $40,000,
cash amounting to $22,000, and gold
duHt and nugget worth $19,000. It ia
a romance of the Klondike where An
derson made hia fortune and picked up
hlswife,
Tbe report of Representative Ovcr
atreet of Indiana, upon the bill which
he waa authorized by the banking com
mittee to report to the house "to main
tain the parity of the money of the
United Statea1' declarea that the bill
"reafflrma the declaration of the
United Statea government to maintain
tbe parity of all forma of money with
the gold standard of value and makes
proviaiona whereby the parity of the
ailver dollara may be maintained by
tbe exchange for gold at the treasury
upon the demand of the holder."
By a vote of 315 to 35 the cily council
of Chicago defeated Mayor llarrigon's
plan of repealing the midnight saloon
closing law. ! '
Verdi, the composer, died at Milau,
Italy, Sunday morning. He died un
conscious witli his relatives and . close
friends gathered around his bed,
Another death from bubonic plague
has occurred among, the members of
the crew ot the British steamer
Frirarv which left Alexandria Decem
ber 22 for Hull, England. ,
Tho illuminations in honor of the
marriage of Queen Wilhulmina to Duke
Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin have
beon postponed until February 1 out of
respect to Queen Victoria's funeral.
Representative Hull has introduced
in the house a bill for the payment of
travel allowances on thejjdischarging of
the. army volunteers,' oilicers and Men,
who re-entered service in tho Philip
pines. The ministry of war of Russia has
completed the draft of a law to regu
late the military service in .Finland
in conformity with the system adopted
in the empire at large. It is expected
that it will be put in forco early in
the year. ;i (. , V ., .
Senator Hoar, from the committee on
judiciary in the senate, reported favor
ably the bill granting a charter- to the
Federation . of Womon's clubs. . The
incorporators mentioned in the bill
include many women prominent in
club life. . , ! .
The special service held in the Ger
man church of Constantino on Sunday
in honor of the anniversary of the
birth of Emperor William was fol
lowed by the inauguration in i Hippo
d'ome Square of the fountain presented
by the kaiser. , - , , , . . . ,
Preliminary skimi8hing in a battle
for about $450,000,000 has already be
gun in Washington. Holders of the
Cuban war bonds, issued by Spain to
raise funds for the prosecution of the
wars in Cuba, are again moving to get
their money back. ,
. The body of Jacob Kuntz, a hermit,
waa found in a miserable cabin near
Peoria, 111., Sunday: The body was
clad in rags. On his person was' $458
in money and a deed to 80 acres of
valuable land. Ho had literally
star,veu Iiimself to death.
The report of the Indiana legislative
committee charges' that ' Mrs. Sarah
Keeley, superintendent of the Indiana
woman's' prison and irirl's industrial
school,' has been guilty of stripping
girls naked and Hogging them with
many lashes on their nuked backs.
Judge Dale of the district court at
Wichita insisted that Mrs. Mary E.
Lease must positively be present when
her petition for a divorce is taken up.
Her attorney sought to have the court
grant her a divorce without putting
her to tho expense of a' journey from
New York. '
William J. Bryan's great grand
mother, who is still alive at the age of
98, at 'New London, Ind., is Mrs. Mary
Gano Cobb, tho descendant of Franics
Gcrenaux, a Huguenot refuee of 16KG.
Rev. John Gano, one of tho revolu
tion's "fighting chaplains," was her
grandfather, , , . , ; .
The Burlington has ' announced a
round trip rate of $10 between St. Paul
and Chicago1 for the inauguration of
President McKinley. 'The lines east
of Chicago will piake a rate of 1 cent
a milo for the round trip. As yet the
transcontinental lines have made no
concessions. ' ' -'
The anthracite coal operators and
miners in Pennsylvania, were much
stirred up by the report sent out from
Indianapolis that the United Mine
Workers, now holding their national
convention there, had decided to invite
tho oporators of the antbracit? region
to meet their miners in conference and
decide upon a new wago scale.
The severe weather '..continues
throughout Germany. Tho damage
seoins to have boon greatest in the East
Frisian district, Lear and Enulen,
whore ice floods have wrought enorm
ous injury, although there ban been
little loss of life. Tho new harbor at
Lear has been destroyed. .Government
aid has been nuked for U,0(K) people.
THB HOUSE OF CASTELLANE.
Fart or the Riddle of the New Century's
Social Sphinx.
It is worth while to think about
Casiellane; He inoariH much. He is
a part of the riddle ot the new cen
tury's social sphinx.
It is the Castellanos that have saved
the world, through all past history,
from the domination of a few great
fortunes.
A robust bandit chief would under
take to found a family. Ho would pile
up gold in iron chests, he would take
mirteages on the landB of hia neigh
bors, and to secure all this to his de
scendants forever he would tie up his
wealth with strict family settlements.
Then he would die and for some
generations his estates would grow by
tiieir own vitality. His descendants
would live for enjoyment and their
revenues would nupport them in idle
luxury. , , . . . j
At last, along would enme a Can
tollane. Luxury would not satisfy
him. He would be poasesaed by a rage
for extravagance. He would throw
away bis fortune with both bunds. He
wouhl cut down the family forests,
mortgage , the . ancestral acres and
empty the iron treanure boxeH.
. So liko the humble earthworm which
breaks up the clods into fertile soil for
the farmer, the Castellano has had his
nlace in the economy of nature. Is
be going to accomplish the name re
sulta hereafter?
We have seen that ho can dissipate
a fortune of $15,000,000 in a few years.
An expenditure of two or three mil
lions a year is so well within bin
capacity that it affords no foul test of
his actual powers.
But suppose hn had a Rockefeller in
stead of a Gould fortune to deal with.
How would it bo then? '
Mr, Rockefeller lias taken prenau
lions against tho early appearance of a
Castellane in hia family. That there
will bo one sooner or later there can
be no reasonable doubt.
Supiioce, when. he appears, he finds
himself in posaesiion of a fortune of a
billion dollars, aecurely invested at 4
per cent, and returning an income of
$10,000,000 a year, what will be tho
chances of his performing the social
function! that have been performed by
hia xind in all former apes?
To disHipate auch a fortuno within
tbe period of one spendthrift's ac
tivity, which could hardly bo expected
to cover moro than twenty years,
would require an expenditure of at
least $70,000,000 a year, nearly $1,400,
000 a week, or $200,000 a day. That
would be $20,000 an hour, if a work
ing day consisted of ten hours, or over
$:() a minute, or $5 a second,
Could a man keep up that page for
twenty years without resting? If he
spent only $40,000,000 a year he would
be living on hia income and his princi
pal would not diminiph. If he apent
$:10,000,000 annually hia estate would
actually increase.
It will be audi a test for the Castel
lanea aa they have never yet had to
face. If they fail, the world will
have i tlnd aome other method of re
ducing tho inequalities of wealth.
Hearnt'e Chicago American.
, PACIFIC NORTHWEST NEWS.
The tax levy in Portland this year
for all purposes will reach 40 mills,
or four per cent.
Mrs. Minnie Page Hosmer died at
her home in Silverton, aged 33 years.
A husband survives her. '
Monday fire caused a $2000 loss in
Edward's . furniture store in Portland.
A 8tove pipe waa the cause
Mrs. George F. Elgin, aged 34 years,
died, at Corvallis, of pneumonia. She
leaves a husband and four children.
An automobile is to run , between
Portland to Sandy and on the Clacka
mas river. It will take a trip daily.
A strong effort is being made to
move the capital from Olympia to'
Tacoma. A constitutional amendment
is necessary. ...
Traffic Manager ' S. W. Eccles will
shortly leave the service of the Oregon
Short Line to accept a position with
the smelter trust.
Thomas Dugan, aged 8 yeara, son of
Mr. and Mrs. H. Dugan, of Walla
Walla, died after a few daya sickness at
his home in that city.
The Idaho senate has acted favorably
upon a resolution on the initiative and
referendum, submitting an amendment
to the state constitution.
A great many counterfeit silver
dollars are in circulation in Portland.
Street car conductors have collected
several of the bogus issue.
John Wolff, the 18-year-old boy who
killed Sheriff Summers, of Madison "
county, Montana, from ambush, has
been captured, after an exciting chase.
R. H. , Bishop, of the Southern
Pacific bridge builders, was struck on
the head by a falling timber at the
Harrisburgijridge Monday, and aeri
ously iujufed. .
The roundhouse of the Spokane Falls
and Northern railway, at Spokane,
was destroyed by tire Wednesday morn
ing. Lors, $150,000, fully insured. It
will not be rebuilt.
Good promising ledges of gold ore
have been discovered near Morof
Sherman county. One of them is with
in a few yards of the Columbia South
ern depot at that place.
James Chapin, one of Oregon's
earliest pioneers, died at hia home
near Forest Grove of heart disease.
Up to a short time before hi? death
he was in bis usual health.
Mrs. Sylvester Reeder, aged 40 years,
Ukd at her. home near Greenville.
Shu had been a resident of Washington
county for 25 years. A husband and,
live children survive her. E3'
Goorgo Lang,' formerly ticket agent
for the Union Pacific at Salt Lake, and
later at Portland, has been made gen
eral agent of that company's" freight
and passenger department at Los
Angeles, 1
The secretary of the interior has ap
proved the contract bewteen the gov
ernor of Alaska and the state of Ore
gon for the care and treatment in the
Oregon insano aslyuni of insane persons
in the district of Alaska.
John Bronti, reported as John Reen.
waa adjugud insane at RoBeburg and
put in jail, awaiting the taking of him
to the aslyum, whore he committed
suicide. He believed he was followed
by detectives from the old country.
F. J.' Smith, the junkdealer and
second-hand man, was placed on trial
in Portland Wednesday on a charge of
buying stolon property from two boyg,
knowing or having good reason to know
that the property had been stolen.
Two hundred signatures were ob
tained in Walla Walla to a petition '
asking that county's representatives
in the legislature to oppose the Preston
railroad commission bill and to work
tor the passago of a rate bill instead.
Mrs. Anna Curry, wife of John W.
Curry, a clerk in the census office at
Washington, D. C, died at Medford
Tuesday. Mrs. Curry was a daughter
of the late 'Francis Plymale, whose
death occurred at the same place about
a year ago.
William Baskett, the rich London
banker who died a few daya ago, had
relatives in Polk county, Oregon, the
late Mrs. E. C. Cross being a Miss
Baskett. Her brother, G. L. Baskett,
formerly a Salem druggist, ia now a
resident of Idaho.
The Pacific Sheet Metal Worka, at
Astoria, haa received orders from
three Alaska 'canneries for 5,000,000
salmon cans, sufficient for 100,000
cases. The cans are to be shipped dur
ing the month of March, and will go
on vessela direct from here.
The United States consul at Val
paraiso, J.F. Caples, of Portland, Or.,
ima resigned. The United Statea minis
ter, Henry Wilson, of Spokane, Wash.,
is coming to the United Statea on leave
of absence Mesara. Caplea and Wilaon
will both sail on tho next steamer
from ValaraiBO.
James P. Finnican, who died Satur
day, in Portland, was a well known
railroad and mining man. He waa
born in New York in, 1844, and came to
Oregon 25 years ago. He waa assistant
superintendent of construction on the
O. R. it N. when the road waa built
from The Dalles to Portland,
i Because he had wronged a yonng
girl in Minneapolis aome few yeara ago
Frank 11. Hanley, of Seattle, and a
bridegroom of but five hours, swallowed
a dose of Btrychnine Sunday at bia
moms in a lodging house and expired
in the arms of hia bride. With hi
lapt breath Hanley managed to gaap,
mi to the terrified woman: "I am,
not worthy of vou." Then he fell into,
her arms and life waa extinct.
Tho Bhooting affray at GeiBer, Baker
county, waa thoroughly investigated..
First, Garrison, tho saloonkeeper whoi
did the effective work, had a hearing,
and waa adjudged to have acted in.
self-defense and was discharged, and
then Orwell, the "bad man" had hia
turn in court charged with assault,
with intent to kill, but he waived
examination and was held for thai
circuit court with bonda fixed at $.300,
John Rapor, a respected citizen
of
Garfield, Wash., lies at the point tt
death, and Jrank Madden, who aa-.
saulted him with a beer bottle, w8g
taken to the county jail at Col fa Mon
day night for aafekeeping. FeeDng has
never been as intense in Garfield gjn(.e
the murder of Lanford SCinmerg by
Ed Hill, who waa lynched by a mob.
Madden wanted Baper to allow a
friend of hia, who was drunk, to aleep
in hia office, and Rp.per refused.
Cities and towns along the Ohio
river have begun a crusade against tbe
negroea. The entire trouble dates back
to the lynch inga of tbe negroea at
Rock port and Boonevllle for the mur
der of the white barber, Simmons, at
Roekport one night last month. Every
Btrango negro who cannot give a satis
factory account of himself ia to be
sentenced to the rock pile. Thia action
is takon to chock an obaoxious class of
negroea. ,,
The president sent a message to con
gress recommending' the appropriation
of $1()0,00 for the payment of the
claim of Spain for Sibutu and Cagayan
ialanda, In the Philippine Brchipelago,
in accordance with the terms of the
treaty recently ratified by the senate
.1
4
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