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OFFICIAL
PAPER
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.... I
IF YOU DO 'TREAD
: KEEP YOUR EYE ON
THE GAZETTE I
i You don't get the news. ?
nam i 1 14.1 1 hi rri 14 m i i hi m i i h i hi on hi ii i i.
THE GAZETTE
The paper of the people.
I j
t M'ltiM I in I I I i-VM'M'I'l t-f 'I ni M M III H t mtt mnl
TWELFTH YEAR
HEPPNER, MORROW COUNTY, OREGON, TUESDAY, JULY 10, 1894.
WEEKLY 10. SOT. I
SEMI-WEEKLY NO. 247. 1
SEMI .VEEKLY GAZETTE.
rOULISHXD
Tuesdays and Fridays
N PUBLISHING C0MP1Y
Ai-VAH W. PATTERSON Bus. Manager.
OTI3 PATTKltSON EdltOT
A. $2. 5i J per year, $1.25 for six mouths, 75 ct
(or three monms.
Advertising Rates Made Known on
Application.
The E-A.0HJ3, " of Long Creek, Gram
County, Oregon, is published by the same coin
pany every Friday morning, Subserlptioi
price, J2peryear. ForadvertisTugrates.addrest
6BI1T Ij. PAXIEBSOIT, Kdltor am
Manager, Long Creek, Oregou, or "Uaiette,'
Heppner, Oregon.
'PHIS PAPER is kept on tile at E. C. Uake'.
L Advertising Agency, til and 65 Alerohant
tixohangs, Ban Francisco, California, where cou
racta for advertising oaD be mode for it.
Union Pacfic Railway Local carl
No. 10. mixed leavee Heppner 9:45 p. m. dail
exoept Sunday
;u, " ar. at Willows Jo. p.m.
9, leaves " a. m.
" 9, " ar. at Heppner 5:00 a. u. dull
except Monday.
East boond, main line ar. at Arlington 1 ::o h. n
WeBt " ' "leavee " Itfrta. m
West bonnd lo-al frigh leave Arlington 8 &
a. m., arriyea t The Unlles 1:1 ' p. m. Lueii
paseeng. r leavm TV Dalles at 2 :OU p. m. amv i
at Portland at 7HXJ p m.
OrPlCIAL BISECTOBT.
United States Offlujala.
i'lenidcnt G rover Cleveland
Vice-President,... Ad ai Stevenson
beo-etary of State Walter Q Uresham
Secretary of Treasury John 11. Carlisl,
Secretary of Interior Hoke Bimli,
Seorelury of War Daniel S. Lamonl
Secretary of Navy Hilary A. Herbert
Postmaster-General Wilson 8. Bisse!)
Attorney-Ueueral Hiohard S. Olne
Secretary of Agrioalture J. Sterliug Mono.
Slate of Oregon.
Uovernor S. I'ennoyet
Beoretaryof State (i. W. Mclindl
Treasurer Phil. Metschan
8apt. Publio Instruction E. B. Mctlro)
1 J. H. Mitohel
Senators J. N. buluh
5 Binger Hermann
Congressmen W. h, ElliB
Printer Frank 0. Bakei
!F, A. Mourt
W. P, Lord
H. S. Hean
SeyentU Jadleial Uiatrict.
Circnit Judge W. L. Bradshaw
1'roBecnting Atiorney A. A. Jayne
Morrow Connty Officials.
Mint Senator A. W. Qnwan
Bepreaentative J. 8. B.i'iihbj
i .Tinty Judge JuIiiib Keillin
' Com mis&ior.era J. li. Howard
J. H. Baker.
" Clerk - P. 0. B.irg
" Sheriff G. W. Hurru.gtoi
" Treaanrer Fraua Uiliiaw
Aeeeseor J. Willi.
' Surveyor Geo. Lord
" School ttup't Anna Btlsiet
' Coroner T. W , AyerB, J I
HKPPNBB TOWN OFFICERS.
Jlayoi J. R.Simons
Counxilmoit O. E. Farnsworth, M
Lichtenthal, Otis Patterson, Julius Keithly.
W. A. Johnston, J. L. laager.
Kecorder F. J. Hallook
X'reasuror A. Al. UoiUi
Marshal
Precinct 0 Ulcere.
Justine o the Peaoe E. L. Freeland
Constable N. 8. Whetotoue
United States Land Officers.
THE DALLES, OR.
J. F. Moore hVgist"i
A. B. Biggs Keoeiver
LA OBANOE, OR.
B. F, Wi'son Reglntei
J. H. Kobbins , Receiver
3ECEET SOCIETIES.
3rv Doric Lodge No. 20 K. of P. meeta ev-
f". ery Toeiwiay evening at 7.80 o'clock ii
. ff-1 their Castle Hull, National Bank build-
,i Jhv1 ing. Sojourning brothers cordiallv in-
V-ftcy vited to attend. J.N. Brown, C. t
"Utir W. V. CitAwrouD, K. of B. 4 S. tf
KAWLIN8 POST, NO. 1.
8. A. R.
Meeta at Lexington, Or., the last Saturday of
vach month. All veterans are Invited to join.
C C. Boon. Geo. W. Smith,
Adjutant, tf Commander.
I Ban q umi
WM. PENLAN0, ED. K BISHOP
President. Cashier.
TRANSACTS A GENERAL BANKING BESlNESt
COLLECTIONS
Made on Favorable Terms.
EXCHANGE BOUGHT & SOLI
HEPPNER. tf OREGON
QCICB: TXTHT3 !
TO
Snn Francisco
And all point In California, via the Mu tthasu.
route of the
Southern Pacific Co.
The (rreat hichway through California to all
points Kant and South, (irand ttoeoic Houte
of the Pacifio Ikjast. Pullman Boffet
Bleepera. Beoond-clatw Sleepers
Attached to expreaa trains, attording rapenoi
BCoommodationA for second-claas passenger.
For rates, tickets, sloping car reservations,
etc. call npon or address
ft. KOEHLKK, Manager, E. P. ROGERS, Asst.
Gen. F. A P. Agt, Portland, Oregon.
LUMBER!
Tf TE HAVE FOR SALE ALL KINDS OF UN
VT dressed Lumber. U) miles of Heppuer, at
what is knowu as the
SCOTT S.A.'VCrZlXXZjXj.
PER 1,000 FEET ROUHH,
' CLEAR,
10 OU
17 X
I
F DELIVERED IN HEPPNER, WILL ADD
lo.uu per l.uuu teei. aoaiuonai.
L HAMILTON, Prop.
r. A.. Hamiltont Msuia;r
"As old as
the hills" ami
never excell
ed. " Tried
.md proven "
is the verdict
o f millions.
Simmons
Liver Regu
lator is the
T . . lat
'-Pff o n 1 y Liver
m mi r.w.i m
and Kidney-
medicine to
which you
can pin your
faith for a
cure. A
mild laxa
tive, and
purely veg
etable, act
ing directly
on the Liver
and Kid
Tha,
n
Pills
neys. Try it.
Sold by all
Druggists in Liquid, or in Powder
to be taken dry or madeintoa tea.
The King of Liver Medicines.
" 1 have used yourslmmons Liver Fleeu
';itor ami can coiiHcienciously say it is the
.inLrofnll liver medicines, 1 consider it a
;:icll'-im: chest In Itself. UKo. W. Jack
son, Tucoinu, Washington.
SJ-EVKKY PACKAGE-C
the Z Stump in red on wrapper.
. Th. comparative value of th.so twocarda
. la known to moat persons.
Tbey Illustrate that greater quantity la
Net always most to be desired.
.
These cards express the beneficial qual
ity of
Rlpans Tabules
As comparsd with any previously known,
DYSPEPSIA CURB
Rlpans Tabules s Price, 50 cents a boa.
Of druggists, or by mall.
...
BIPANS CHEMICAL CO., 1 0 Spruce St., N.Y.
TIX 13
WISCONSIN CENTRAL LINES
Run Two Fast Trains Daily
Between St. Paul. Minneapolis, and Chicago
Milwaukee and ail points In Wisconsin making
connection in Chicago with all lines running
East and South.
Tickets sold and baggage checked through to
all points in the United States and Canadian
Provinces.
For full information apply to yonr neareBt
tleket agent or J A3. C. POND.
Gen. Pass. an.lTki Agt., Milwaukee Wis.
Caveats, Trade-marks, Design Patents, Coprights,
And all Pate&t business conducted for
MODERATE FEES.
Information and advice (riven to lnventon vttboal
li-'arpe. Address
PRESS CLAIMS CO.,
JOHN WEDOcRBURN,
Manctrlug Attorney,
O. Box 463. Washwgtow, D.G
n&?""i'. In Coinpiiny Is mai.agcd by a eomVoatlon of
'hp J.n -t mid most iofln.-ntial Ufwapannrs In the
!"rji: -.d .'.'.tog, for flic pxprt a piirpona of protect
tus Hi nubitcrilMTki against uuhci upalous
tod im'Oi .'pet' .tit Pi.ent Agt-nts, and eat'U papet
niutiii!! tliisrtlveiil.icritintvoiichesfortlif' rusponal
liUty i.Ltl L'h tiijajuyof thaPi'esaClalirif.Compaay.
Hade in all styles and sixes. Lightest
strongest, easiest wortln?, safest, simples
most accurate, moat compact, and moi'
modern. For sole by all dealers In anus.
Catalogues mailed free by
The Karlin Tiro Arms Cs.,
New Havsn, Conn., D. h. a. 1
... ' -If l.'l.r 'i;,r ial !
' , 1 ' -fe-vl vUuin :!
,i...w '1 ' vJv.i .'t v :: b- jv,r 1 yt-ur b'M'-i
- i. '(''.ntcd .in 'ini,'ji'r
V t tL-i 'fill-' ! 11-e. Ii'rv
'-'-ZtrTrJ w'il". or.e ot"vu-jr j-ti --(', -l-llVr. i .
fjfj-S56j pHritd tliTPf.n. KX'I Is A! V-!
-jt 'frJy ftiio print arifl priav juriiitifc Ofi
.'ri ir.y J't '-"nt a'ldr?'; In vour I.iL-h u:iti
"f-'if&lyL ill n- I' rect'K'crl mvrj.iiit(li w
sV'-'t yXihibf-) an'l ov-r 30M I'thI ri
-,hXrn-S ? Mull. Mv 'ln--i vi.u ttt.-rtv,
fl;ii"fiiT p!'nisnTi mm ninjivr. : ,
ar; rtrrivir,i il:iliv,..n vnl"i.tOsf pa
Of Ciatl fn.iu uli i'r;s .-f t;:. ', Qru'J
WORLD'S f AIH DIRECTORY CO.,
Ko. 147 KraoWonl aa4 Girant Ares. Phi lad el -ohla.
Pa.
3
raEBTOrjwiursi :sisiwiaij
a1rMvMr.i iMsjl
mm
! OSTRICHES AT THE FAIR.
' A Ranch Opened Near the Expo
i Bitlon Grounds.
The Only Ostrich Farm West of Callfbl
Bla A Novel and Interesting Es.
hlbit for the Coming Great
World's Fair.
Oakwood, just below the world'i fair
grounds, is boasting of the only ostrich
farm in the country outside of Califor
nia, says the Chicago News.
The Caltfornia-Afncan ostrich farm
exhibit has thirty-five of the R-roat be
plumed bipeds strutting siromid under
the watchful eye of K. J. Johmon, who
brought his long-nwked pi'ts till the
way from the VariHe. cuiRt. in a furni
ture car. The bir.'s arrived in Chicago
in the night and wi re t:i!.:i to On Uwood
the next day, marcher! down a runway
into the inclosure and all Oakwood
climbed the fence to look. The
ostriches, seventeen hena and thirteen
cocks, are to form part of the California
world's fair exhibit, and were brought
here through t he o'fforts of B. O. Lan-
phere, thereaJ estate defler. A corral
has been built at Oakwood and the
ostriches will now be put through the
process of acclimation. Nearly all of the
birds were hatched in an men bo tor and
are considered an unusually well-selected
lot, all strong, healthy, fine speci
mens. They come from the r all Brook
ostrich farm in San Diego county, Cal.,
and are the offspring of tho twenty-
three birds brought from Africa by
Manager Johnson in ina3. There are
over one hundred loft behind in Califor
nia, and what was an experiment a few
years ago is now regarded as an assured
success.
Tho older birds at the Oakwood farm
have plumes of a beautiful glossy black,
but the hens and chicks one of those
same chicks can look over a ten-foot
fence without straining a muscle are a
mixture of dvab ntul brown. The cocks
mature at five years ol age, the hens at
four, ami. altnouii the average life is
twenty-live years, they have been
known to live much longer. The birds
at Oakwood are valued at (We hundred
dollar3 c;k;1i. nnl lire good for fifty to
sixty dollars' worth of plumes each
year. They are plucked every eight
months. Jiann.-er Johnson has named
hit) giant turkeys r ftcr the celebrities
of the day. Gtt'd !la:ult'a. a ten-foot
maiden with a D clsurt. -an balance to
her walk and a r.rvuinivi twinkle in
her eye, is far ff.111 i..-tiv rw sw eet-tempered
and amiiiW'; it, l ite name would
suggest. lle;ij;i;;;i:i ;i. :i :non W, a plumed
knight, not v, . hirge, hut stout,
sturdy and pu;'i.u';(Hi. James 0.
lilaine was sold U a ll-nver admirer
uit ' before thoT eonvenlloa. and .ohu
L. Sullivan liar, pmn- t. Uonolulu.
Grover (;ic:velivil is a luige fellow,
black and b.ymii, ,vi',.U an expansive
spread to h.i.i "ill and a soft spot in his
heart for Gall ila'ui;t
"I believe an o .l 'i. li farm could be
operated here a: a ; rra.'incnt thing,"
said i'r. Johnson. "Ostritlies can
stand a de.tl of eoid. mk I iv.n going to
test this lot of M:-:iv. ! his year. 1 think
they'll breed lv,j '! r'-'a. In a few
days I will hsiw I'" mil incubator
all v.t up, rjixdj : ' iilng. 1 feed
the oKtriclr.'s 01 1 " :. -jJn, vefretablcs
and grass. Ye: ; .vi.l eat nails, but
fd rather tl:cy 1 t..'.e .xr-.eLhiog not
quite so Ion;; f;r i:tar.ce. They
ayi-allow Rtv.:n :h'w". to.'noip them pre
pare their food i"r '!; "''-'. n. It dorsn't
mrt :fci-m." n! lis-' '.'" '' a large Cali
fornia onioa to t.'.''i ilamilt-'ii, who
Hvallv.v'l it nt :i M'ip, and another
and anothi r, m:fi! Iie.r di'ti'iid.'d neck
looked like se;tiot ( )' lirunboo fish
ing rod with 1 !i l:;i.i.:, si:; inches apart.
CONCERNING OLD AGE.
Statistics Miseft on Inviistlgatlons of th
lirit..- i: .Me.Ucnl Associutiou.
Prof. Murray Humphrey has jus
brought together a remarkable book 01.
"Ola Age." Jt is baW upon the results
of an inquiry conducted by tho collective
Investigation committee of the British
Medical AssocUition.
In a portion of it tho analysis of the
returns respecting hi centenarians an
given; of theso 18 were males and 86 fe
males. Eleven of these, were single (1(
being females), 5 worn married and Sf
were widowed. Out of 5-) returns 8 on) v
were in affluent cireumstancoa. 28 wen
comfortable and 19 poor; of these 9 wen
fat (8 being fetuaiosl, 20 were spare and
18 of average condition. Twenty-five
were erect in fkrure and M were bent.
Out of 35 reti:i'.is 28 used glasses, 7did
not; but of tieso 4 wore poor, fl had used
glasses for 4(K.O years, 5 for 80-35, 4 foi
10-20, 2 for 4-0 years, 5 for "man)
years," 2 for a few years. From araonfi
these ono had used spectacles for man)
ears, but for the last twelve years hao
been able to read without them; anothet
bad not used them for twelve years; an
other "not for many years," but one can
not now get them Htrong enough.
Out of 47 returns 40 had a good diges
tion. Out of 48, 3 had good appetites, 3 bad
and 10 moderate. Of 48, 25 were moder
ate eaters, 9 small and 1J large. In re
gard to alcohol, 15 took none, 24 a littlt
6 were moderates and one was used to t
good deal of beer. Of animal food 3 tool
none, 10 moderate, 25 little, 2 very litth
and one much. Of aperients 23 tool
them rarely, 14 never and 5 frequently
Out of 39, 26 could say that their mem
ory was good, 6 bad and 7 moderate. Of
45, T smoked much (4 being women), 1
little (1 a woman), 3 moderately (1
srotnan).
Out.of 40, 87 did not take- snuff. vAs tc
sleep, out of 40 Wi were good Bleepers, li
bad and T moderate.
From 85 returns the-average time of
going to bed was 9 o'clock; hut 1 retires
at 12 and 1 at IV 5 at 7; 7 are bedridden
The average time of rising was. about '
o'clock, but 6 rose at 6 o'clock, 1 at 5, J
at 10, 1 at 11 and 1 at 4 p. m.
Out of 42 returns 24 had no teeth, and
from .88 returns but 4 had artificial
teeth; yet in men about fcf the average
number of teeth is only 8 and ir
women 3.
In 12 returns the average age when
married among the males was 23, and
the females 25; tho avuragn Dumber o
children lav from,. the .return vovlioi
.-. Eall Mali baxotta.
OLD FEUDAL CUSTOMS.
Soma That Still Survive in Por
tions of Canada.
Seigniories Near Qnebr j Still Run ea the
Principles Laid Down In rarls Four
Centuries Ago and Repealed as Long
Ago as the French Revolution.
Parkman and others have told us all
about the mild feudal system which
prevailed in French Canada down to
1S54. The seignior received a grant of
wild land from the king on condition
that he should put settlers upon it. He
had to preserve the oak tiiubi r for ship
building, and the red pine for the mnn-J
ufaeture of tar, and to notify the
king's agents if he found minerals on
the seigniory. He had to go through
the form of paying homage and fealty
to the king's represeutntlve at Quebec
when he entered on possession, some-j,
times oftener, and to pay a fifth of the
purchase money if he sold the estate
to the royal coffers, though he was al-
lowed a rebate of two-thirds for cash
down. The censitaire or huhiuint, who
held the land under the seignior, had
to pay the annual cens et rentes, often
a sol (cent), or half a sol, with half a
pint of wheat or a few live capons or
eggs for each arpent. The land of the
censataire passed to lii heirs, but. in
case he sold during his lifetime the
lods et ventes came into play, and one
twelfth of the purchase money went
to the seignior. Iiy the droit de re
trait the seignior could compel a pur
chaser within forty days of the sale to
transfer the property to him at the
price paid if he thought it had not
fetched enough.
The censitaire had to get his wheat
ground at the seignior's mill, and on
some seigniories to have his bread
baked at the seignior's oven, paying a
toll in each case; to give a tithe of the
fish he caught, to the seignior, to do
corvee or road work, and to get out
btone and timber for public purposes.
Seigniors who could afford to support
a local magistrate were empowered to '
administer superior, mean and inferior I
justice on their estates, but as a class
they were very poor and this right fell
into desuetude.
In 1S54, says the Now York Post, the
parliament of Canada bought out the
seigniors. There were 100 of them, in
possession of 220 fiefs, embracing 0,000,
000 acres of cultivated land. The
censitaire was given his choice of two
things the eens et rentes were capi
talized, and he could either pay the
capital sum to the seignior, in which
ease, of course, he got a clear title to
his holding, or eouftme on as a tenant
at a rental equ jl to 0 pur cent, of the
capitalization. The tenant I came
across, or his father before him. had,
like many more, chosen the latter
course. The other seigniorial rights
were settled by the government at a
cost of about f5,000,000. The system
would have been abolished before lb54
only the Roman Catholic church was
afraid that in the debacle, as timid
souls called it, the tithes and fabrique
taxes which she collected by authority
of law m'"H be nt'nliRhP,i. too.
The landlord of whom i have spoken
was good enough to let rae look at a
batch of old papers and books in which
the doings of his predecessors in the
seigniory and of their censitaires are
recorded for 150 years. These papers
enabled one to form a tolerably good
idea of the sort of life the people led.
First as to prices: In 11107, as other
documents show, wheat sold in the
markets of Quebec at 80 cents per bush
el. A creditor was bound to accept it
at that price. Ucef sold for 8 cents and
pork for 8 cents per pound, the four
pound loaf for 10 cents. Prices had
dropped a little by 1738. Wheat was
then worth 02 cents. In 1742 it fell to
40 cents. There had been a good crop
in the region east of Quebec on the
south shore of the St. Lawrence, which
was regarded as the granary of New
France. Capons sold for 10 cents ea'ch
in 1740, but when paid as cens et rentes
their conventional price was 20 cents.
Most of the deeds called for "good fat
capons of the brood of the month of
May." I
In 1740 carpenters and blacksmiths
got from 00 to 80 cents a day, unskilled
laborers 40 cents. Cloth of all kinds
e :cept homespun was dear. The for
eign trade of the colony was confined
to France and French possessions, but
there was a good deal of smuggling.
by land and water from New England
and New York. Twenty yards of "fine
woolen cloth" cost 62 )4 cents a yard in
1746. The censitaires and the common
people generally clothed themselves in
homespun, l'etoffe du pays, made boots
out of green beef hides, got their sugar
from the maple, and had, as a rule,
plenty of game and fish. Most of them
had a vegetable patch. They ex
changed timber or furs for store goods
as they required. The well-to-do seig
niors imported wine, brandy, velvet,
lace, jewelry, etc. An all-velvet suit 1
with a dress-sword, rufiies, buckles und 1
a gilt snuff box thrown in, cost $52 in
1770. The poorer seigniors lived much
as their censitaires lived. Their wives
and daughters were forced to work in
the fields to save the cost of hired la
bor, which was scarce. Just before the
llritish conquest the colony was Hooded
with depreciated paper money, and the
crops failing at the same time the price
of wheat ran up to SI. 00.
There were no books save among the
clergy and seigniors; printing was not
introduced until nearly a century and
a half after the first printing press
had been set up in New England.
There were no schools In the rural
parishes and no semblance of munic
ipal government either in town or
country. Public meetings were not
allowed lest they utir up sedition.
A Curious Coptic Custom.
The Coptic patriarch of Alexandria
is never allowed to sleep more than fif
teen minutes at any one time, and if
the attendant should allow the holy
one's nap to extend beyond the allot,
ted time the penalty is decapitation
Upon being aroused at the end of each
quarter hour the patriarch arises and
spreads his rug upon the floor, kneeLs
upon it, bows his head three tunas (0
the east, and again retiree.
QUEBEC'S HUNTING. GROUNDS.
Flamy of Big Game to Tte Ba4 Close at
Hand.
Quebec is at the edge of a (Treat wil
derness of forests, rivers and lakes a
wilderness reaching all the way to the
north pole. Without doubt, says the
New York Sun, it is the nearest to big
game of any city cast of the Mississip
pi and north of Mexico. Moose and
caribou are so close at hand that men
are willing to try for them within a
few hours of tho city, and to guarantee
the getting of them in a day's journey
or less. The moose roam all over the
country south of the St. Lawrence,
and are perhaps most plentiful east of
the Maine border. The caribou field
extends all the way into and across
Labrador, there being two varieties
the wood caribou and the barren
ground caribou, the latter being the
larger: beast Visitors to the recent
carnival at Qucbeo were surprised at
the great number of freshly slaugh
tered moose and caribou then in the
city. They not only figured on the
floats In the grand procession but they
were to be found in the dwellings and
oiSces of the sportsmen and in the
clubs. The trout that has been
caught by fishing through the ice
were positively enormous. Some were
more than a foot in length, and
more than an inch thick at the thick
est part. They were not only speckled
but their skins were suffused with a
brilliant reddish tinge. These fish
abound all around Quebec and are as
little trouble to get as any game fish
in the world. Two accompaniments of
the ordinary wilderness country were
very disappointing. They were the
Indians and the Indian curiosities.
The Indians were always in evidence,
but they were more white than red,
and more French than anything else.
Ordinarily they looked and dressed
like the rest of the habitants, but
when they put on their aboriginal
toggery for the great carnival parade
part of it proved to be a most extraor
dinary headdress of short feathers.
They wcro turkey feathers apparent
ly, although most of the American In
dians despise the turkoy as a cowardly
bird unfit to oat and unworthy to be
dealt with at alL Whatever the feath
ers were, they were arranged like
a mop, and on tho heads of the
Indians they looked like the new
fangled paper lamp shades which the
women are making. These headdresses
were the only Indian curios worth
having. The beadwork sold as Huron
work is such as the Long Island farm
ers' wives sell at Fulton and Washing
ton markets. Flowers were the, princi
pal designs, and flowers are things
that the true Indian never works into
a pattern in any tribe in any part of
the country.
PRECIOUS DUGS.
Bow They Saved the Orange Tress) of
Southern California
Orange growers in the San Gabriel
and San Bernardino valley tell an in
teresting story of how they destroyed
a pest which threatened the destruc
tion of the Industry in this country.
A few years ago the trees were attacked 1
by an Insect known as scale. . So rap-!
idly did the pest propagate that within
a few weeks the bark of the trees was !
white with them. Drastic remedies
were applied, but without avail. , So
serious was the outlook that many of
the growers were on the point of cut
ting down their immense groves. One
day a young man suggested a novel
plan for the speedy extermination of
the pest. He said that there existed in
Australia a species of lady bug which
existed on insects that cling to trees,
lie received a consignment of thirty
eight of these bugs by the next steam
er. One grower who had ten thousand
trees and probably one hundred thou
sand million scale on all of them
bought eight of tho precious bugs and
placed them to the best advantage in
his orchard. He tells this story:
'.'Three days after I made the experi
ment I went into the grove. The trees
were as white as ever with the pest. I
told my friend that I thought his lady
bugs a failure. He advisod me to be
patient, for, he said, it was likely that
the bugs were breeding before making
their onslaught on the scale. Three
days later f again visited the orchard
and found the trees as clean as a
whistle. Not one of the insects was
visible. Neither were the lady bugs.
Having finished their work they flew
away and I have not seen them since.
More bugs were released in other
orchards and in the course of a month
there was not an orange treo in the
valley afflicted by the pest. We now
keep a stock of the bugs in hand so
that in case the scale returns we'll be
ready to fight it again. The bugs sell
for ,venty-flve dollars apiece. Hut
they r. re worth that money end more,
too, for they have saved every orange
tree in the country."
t anadlao bledge Uogs,
Six or eight dogs are used on each
sledge. They are fed only once In
twenty-four hours, and that is in the
morning before the start is made and
after the dogs are in harness. At 'bat
time about four pounds of frozen fish
arc given to them. Everything must
be in readiness for the start, and the
men must look to it that they are at
hand to jump on the sledges, for at the
very instant that the last morsel of fish
disappears the dogs are off at a break
neck speed. Strange as it may seem
the drivers do not dare to feed the dogs
unless they are in harness. Otherwise
they would scatter, and nothing more
would be seen of them. They are
driven with one long rein attached to
the leader. A whip with a very short
handle arjd a very long lash is used to
urge them on, though in most cases
they need no urging, for they seem to
feel that the faster they go the quicker
they will come to the post, where food
and warmth and a lazy life await them.
They travel often as far as ninety miles
a day.
Uorg, the jeweler, is the man to III np
your watch or clock. Le keeps a full
took of everything pertaining to big
business.
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ABSOLlirEllY PURE
CAUSE OF MANY DISEASES.
Bacteria and How They Are Cultivated
and Studied by Scientists.
Surgeon General Sternberg showed
a large gathering of military men at
the Army and Navy club recently how
cholera and other disease germs are
cultivated at the Army Medical mu
seum, says the Washington Post Ex
periments in bacteriology are being
conducted here under Dr. Sternberg's
supervision, and he himself has an en
viable record as a discoverer in this
science. The lecturer began with a
short historical account of the discov
ery of the germs of typhoid fever, glan
ders, tuberculosis, leprosy, pneumonia,
diphtheria, lockjaw and other diseases,
which, he said, were propagated in one
way or another by small germs. These
are classed as micrococi, when they arc
round as in diphtheria, as bacilli when
they are straight as in tuberculosis
and as spirilli when they arc shaped
like a corkscrew as in the cholera
germs. All these 'are so small that
when magnified two thousand times
they have a diameter of sufficient size
to be photographed. These germs are
cultivated at the Medical museum in
different mediums, chief of which is
beef tea mingled with salt and
gelatine. The lecturer showed , how
the germs were takon from dead
bodies and safely planted and trans
planted so that they could be studied.
There seemod to be some doubt In the
minds of bis hearersabout the absolute
safety of handling the deadly cholera
germs, but the doctor said that they
were very easily killed, and in some
respects less to be feared than other
germs. He said that heat was a won
derful germicide, and that no germ
could live after being exposed to a tem
perature of one hundred and forty
Fahrenheit. Some one suggested that
if a man could stand the boiling it
would be very easy to rid him of the
cholera. The doctor said that the chol
era germs died on exposure to tho sun
light for twenty-four hours, but to
make assurance doubly sure we wto
in the habit of killin'f hira with a
sledge hammer. Tho bacillus of typhoid
fever and of tuberculosis were very
tenacious of life, which explained in
part the prevalence of these diseases.
All germs became attenuated when
they were cultivated outside the hu
man body, so that after awhile they
lost their power ti attac k the subject
violently. The germs lived in wutei
sometimes for a long j"j"iod anc'
when drank produced mihi forrai
of disease. When reproduced li
the body they recovered their vi
tality. Dr. Sternberg said that
influenza or the grip was found to be 8
germ disease and its prevalence was
due to the fact that people give it off
in their breath and take no precautions
to prevent it The popular idea that
tobacco was a preventive of this
class of disease was a mistake, for a
student once experimented and found
that bacteria would flourish in a tobac
co culture. Some germs could be killed
by immersion for a long time in alco
hol, but the average germ would only
laugh at old Kentucky or commissary
whisky. , .
MAGNIFICENT CONTEMPT.
A Little Story Which Shows How DeeeM
ful Appearances Are
A good story showing how appear
ances are sometimes deceitful comes
from Russia. At a certain famous res
taurant in St. Petersburg six some
what dandyish officers of the Imperial
Horse Guards sat drinking cham
pagne. Not far from them sat an In
significant little man vith a shabby
and an unkempt beard, and a glass of
liquor in front of him.
It was not long before he became
aware that he was being ridiculed by
the officers. Ity and by, as they be
came more and more offensive in their
remarks on his personal appearance,
etc., he called for the waiter and said:
"Hring six bottles of your best cham
pagne!" The waiter hesitated.
"Did you hear what I said?" asked
the little man. The waiter brought
the wine and six glasses.
"Take these glasses away and fetch
a basin one as large as you can find,"
said the man. The waiter again hesi
tated, but obeyed instantly at the per
emptory repetition of the order. "A
piece of soap!" was the next o der. It
w;i brought. "A towel!" The waiter
I. muled luiu one. "Now open the but
tles!" The waiter did so.
The little man now filled the basin
with tha contents of the six bottles,
rolled up his sleeves, washed himself
in the costly fluid, wiped his hands,
laid a one hundred rouble note on the
table and, casting a look of withering
contempt on the officers, strutted out
of the room.
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LICORICE HARVEST IN SYRIA.
Gathered la Sacks and Carried on Camels
to the Seaboard.
In a series of articles describing the
planting, cultivation, preparation for
market and transportation of licorice
root, appearing in the Pharmaceutical
Era, there is the following interesting
descriptive bit: In digging licorice
root in Syria the usual way is to start
a trench the length of the place to be
dug over, about two feet in length, and
work from that, each man placing in a
pile the root he ha9 dug, and at the
end of the day or longer time it is
taken to the scales, weighed and paid
for at a special rate per pound. An
allowance is always made for the dirt
that clings to the root. The root is
then spread out for a few days to
slightly dry and is piled in stacks
about three feet wide and four or five
feet high, rounded off at the top in or
der to shed rain, and the piles are nar
row enough to prevent heating.
At the end of the rainy season the
root is spread out to dry for about two
months, being turned over from time
to time, during which process all the
adhering earth dries and falls off, leav
ing it clean and ready for transport to
the point of shipment. It is then put
into canvas sacks, each containing from
two hundred to two hundred and fifty
pounds, two sacks being a load for a
camel or a mule. For the transporta
tion of tho root from the place where
dug to tho port of shipment, varying
from two to five days' journey, a con
tract is usually made with some Arab
or liedouin sheik for a certain amount
of cantars (of about five hundred
pounds each) at a certain price, he to
furnish camels and men and the owner
to furnish and fill the sacks.
Aboutfifty camels go in one caravan
or drove, for which five men are suffi-
1 cient. Sometimes, if one hundred
camels arc used, the caravan goes in
sections; one man riding a donkey
leaf's the tirst camel and the rest fol
low tho leader, while the other men
walk, keeping any camel from straying
or lagging too far behind. They usu
ally start early in the morning and go
ten or fifteen miles, when a halt is
made, the loads are taken off, and the
camels are allowed to browse on the
thorn or other bushes for three or
four hours, then load- d again and
about the same distance traveled, when
they are again unloaded and the night
is spent in the open air, and an early
start made the next morning, And so
on until tho seaboard is reached,
where they are unloaded, the root is
weighed, the sacks emptied, and re
turned to be again refilled In the fields
for another trip. On the Euphrates
and Tigris the root is obtained near
the banks of the rivers and, ufter be
ing properly dried, is loaded in bulk
on native boats called bugalows, car
rying from fifty to 100 tons, which
float down the river, or sail if the wind
is favorable, or at times are towed by
men as far down as ltassorah, where
the root is unloaded and pressed in
bales ready for shipment.
TOMB OF CONFUCIUS.
Beached by an Avenue Lined with Stone
Figures of Animals and Myths.
The city of Chufu-hslen, the Mecca
of the believers of Confucianism, is in
the province of Shangtung, one of the
most populous districts of the orient
Here Confucius was born and here his
sacred bones lie buried. The tomb,
which is located in one of the largest
cemeteries in the province, about
three miles out from the city above
mentioned, is described by the St.
Louis Republic as one of the most im
posing in the wholo empire. The grave
itself is surmounted by an earth
mound about twelve feet in height, the
wholo surroundod by a cluster of
gnarled oaks and stately cypress trees.
Hefore tho mound is a tablet about six
feet broad and twenty feet high, upon
which is inscribed the names and deeds
of tho great founder of Confucianism,
a religion adhered to by over four hun
dred million human beings. Tho bur
den of this inscription, according to
reliable translation, is "Perfect One,"
"Absolutely Pure," "Perfect Sage,"
"First Teacher," "Great Philosopher,"
etc. The avenue which leads up to
the philosopher's tomb is even more in
teresting than tho actual place of
burial itself. On each sido of this
avenue are rows of huge animals cut
in stone lions, tigers, elephants and
horses, besido numerous mythical
creatures, such as animals half dog
and half frog, beasts with four legs
and twice as many wings,besidcsa mul
titude of unnamahlo monsters that
never lived on the earth, in tho water
or in the air. Taken altogether the
burial place of Confucius is one of the
chief spots of interest in the orient
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