Some People
Take your Babies to . .
THURSDAY . CfO Q
THE PHOTOGRAPHER. One picture Free of Charge,
work Firtt-Clau and at Living Rate.
OFFICIAL
Buy advertising space because rate are
lowgenerally the circulation is a sight
lower. Circulation determines the value
of advertising; there is no other standard.
The Gazette is willing to abide by it.
AS.
HEPPNER, MORROW COUNTY, OREGON, TUESDAY, JULY 12, 1892.
TENTH YEAR
NO. 506
s- PAPER.
'
SjtMl-tt LLKLY GAZLL I
PUBLISHED
Tuesdays and Fridays
BY
THE PATTERSON PUBLISHING COMPANY
AI.VAII W. PATTERSON Bub. Manauw
OTI8 PA.TTISB.80N Edttoi
Af 8.00 per year, $1.50 Tor six montha,
(or threw muntne; in advance.
Advertising Rates Made Known or
Application.
The EA.aliE," of Long Creek, Gran
County Oregon, is published uy the same com
pany every Friday morning. Subscrijrtio
pri-e, fc! per year. ForadvertlsiuK rates, addres
b PATTEKSOJT, Editor am
Manager, Ixjiir Creek, Oregon, or "Gazette,
Heppner, Oregon.
rpHIS PAPKH ib kept
on tile at E. C. fake'.
1
Aii7rtiKinir Aupnt;v. ril and 65 Merchant-
h'it,nni wn Krnmiiscn. California, where con
tracts for advertising can be made for it.
T7 C. PENTLAND, SECRETARY OF THI
J1J. Oreirou l'ri-ss Association, -2l Ash Street
between First and Second, Portland, Oregon,
onr only agent located in that place. Advert!
ers should consult him for rates and space li
the Gazette.
THE GAZETTK'S AG SNTS.
Wagner B. A. Hunsakei
Arlington, Henry llenpuei
Long Creek l heliiigh
yelio Bobbhavi
Camas Prairie Oscar lie Van I
Matteson, Allen Meferrll
Nye, Or H. C. Wrlghi
H ard man, ( )r J- A. Woolen
Hamilton, Grant Co., Or., Mattle A. lludiii
lone T. J. Carl
Prairie City, Or R. R. McHalev
Canvon City, Or S. L. Fairish
Pilot Rock, Q. P. Bkelton
Dayville, Or !;'' tVow
John Day, Or F. I. McGallum
Athena, Or John Ldington
.., ii-tr,,, Or Wm. G. MeCroHkey
Mount Vernon, Grant Co., Or .. Postmaster
fihelhy Or Mies Stella Flett
Fox, Grant Co., Or., J. r. anon
Kight Mile, or., Mrs. Andrew Ashbaugn
n, ,..r lih.n cvnelr B. F. Hevland
rii.nL.ns. Or B. White
iy,, k.ir Or R.M.Johnson
li.inseherrv W. P. Snyder
r'a,,n ornfmn Herbert Hslatead
Lcxliieton W. B. McAllster
AN AGENT WANTED IN EVERY PRECINCT.
Union Pacific Railway-Local card.
No,
10, mixed loaves Heppner 8:20 a. m.
10. " ar. at Arlington 11-50 a.m.
" 9, " loaves 3:n p. m.
" II, " ar. at Heppner 7:00 p. m.
daily
except Sunday.
Fast bound, main line ar. at Arlington 8:5(1 p. m.
West " ' " leaves 4:20 p. m.
Night trains are running on same time as before,
IIEPPNER-MONUM EN T STAGE.
Stage leaves for Monument
daily,
excei t Sunday, at o :ou a.
Arrives daily,
5:iX) P. M.
except Monday, at
OrlTCIii DIEECTSET.
United States OHlclals.
President Benjamin Harrison
v; PniHmit Levi P. Morton
Bee elay of Slate John W. Fost r
8 -crctary of Treasury chT" ??sJ?r
Secretary of Interior ....J. W. Noble
Becr.-tary of 'Var Stephen B. bikini
,., B. F. Tracy
Postinastnr-Oeueral Tohn Wanamiiker
Alrornev-Heneral W. H. H. Miller
Secretary of Agriculture Jeremiah Busk
State of Oregon.
Governor S, Pfnnoyer
Secrtaryof State G. W. McBride
Treusnrer Phil- flschan
Supt. Public Instruction KB Jcdilroy
, J. H. Mitchell
tsountors ) J N.D.ilph
S Ringer Hermann
Congressmen w k Ellis
pr; , ter Frank 0. Baker
(F.A.Moore
Supreme Judges j uv Ef-ij"rd
Seventll Judicial District.
Circnit Judge W . L. Jradsliaw
Proaannt m Atlorney W. H. Vills.D
Morrow County Official".
Joint Senator... Henry Blackman
representative 1 ,:"..l,"
( ounty Judge Julius Keith ty
Commissioners Peter Bienuer
J. 41. Baker.
Clerk J.W.Morrow
" Sheriff -'Jeo. Noble.
Treasurer W. J. L ezer
Assessor 11. L. haw
" Surveyor lfBro.wn
" School BuD't W.L. Baling
Coroner T.W.Ayers.J
i' HEPPNER TOWN OFFICERS.
Mavoi T. J. Matlock
,..;;i :iv.;. o. n. Famswonh. h
Lichtenthal, Otis Patterson, S. P. Garrigues,
Thus. Morgan and Frank Gilliam.
onn....iav A. A. Roberts.
Treasurer V.'. E. G. Blocum
Marshal J. W. Kasmus.
Precinct Officers.
- .. . ., . w t rran,.nV
Justice or me reace ','""2.
Constable J.J. lloberte
United States Land Officers,
THE DALLES, OR.
J.W.Lewis Register
T. S. Lang a"
LA GRANDE, OB.
i ni-- Register
i : MnlYloiiilnli' lteceiver
SEOX1ET SOCIETIES.
iHMVn WK.nf f. meets ev.
erv Tnesday evening at 7.80 o'clock in
their Castle Hull, National Bank build.
ing. Sojourning DroioerBormaiiv iir
vited to aiteoa. nan. ?uaui, u. ;
T C. AUBREY. K. of B. 4 a. u
KAWLINS POST, NO. 81.
G. A. B.
Meet at Lexington, Or., the last Saturday of
each month. All veterans are invited to join.
C. C. Boon,
Adjutant, tf
finn. W. Smith
Commander.
n&OI'ESSIOliT.A-X'.
A.
A. ROBERTS, Keal Estate, lasur
ance and Collections. Offioe in
rminnil Chambers. Heppner.Or. swtf.
AXLE
TIF.ST If THE 1TOBLD.
Its weaxtog qnalitlM are unsurpassed, actuajlj
OntlaStlDff IWO DOXPB oiwor i. r S
FOR SALE BY DEALERS GENERALLY. lyT
Where?
At AbrahamMck's. In addition to h
tailoring btisinoos, be has added a fine
line of underwenr of all kinds, negligee
shirto. hosiery, etc. Also has on hand
i.me elnuant Datterns for suits.
Abrahumsick, May street, Heppner.Or.
rnMLLilOBEASE
A Year's Subscription to a Pop
ular Agricultural Paper
GIVEN FREE TO OUR READERS
By a special arrangement with the
publishers we are prepared to furnish
FEEE to each of our readers a year's
ubsoription to the popular monthly
grioultural journal, the Amebic am
Farmer,, published at Springfield and
Cleveland, Ohio.
This offer is made to any of our sub
scribers wbn will pay up all arrearages
on subscription and one year in advanoe,
and to any new subscribers who will pay
one year in advance. The American
Farmer enjoys a large national oircula
tion, and ranks among the leading
agricultural papers. By this arrange
ment it COSTS YOU NOTHING to re-
oeive the Amrrioan Farmer for one
year, It will be to your advantage to
oail promptly. Sample oopies oan be
en at our office.
From Terminal or Interior Points the
RAI LKOAD!
Is the line to take
0
Tf in fho Dinino-Par llmite. It rnns Throuch
Veutibuled Trains every day in the year to
St. Paul and Chicago
(No Change of Cars)
Composed of DINING CARS unsurrassed,
PULLMAN DRAWING ROOM SLEEPERS
Of Latest Equipment
TouristSleepingCars
Bent that can be constructed and in which ao-
commiHmtmr.B arc null, iree ana iurmnneu r
holders ui tirst or secoua-oiaBB ucitets, unu
Elegant Day Coachs.
A Continuous Line ooDnecting with all
Lines, affording Direct and Uninter
rupted Service.
Pullman Sleever Reservations can be
oecurea in aavance inrougn
any agent of the road.
THROUGH TICKETS
Tn nnrl from a) nnint In America. England
and Europ can be purchased at any Ticket omce
l this Lompauy.
Full information concerning rates, time
of trains, routes and other details
furnished on application to any
agent, or
A. D. CHARLTON,
Assistant Oeneral Passenger Agent
No. 121 First St.. Cor. Washington,
tf. PORTLAND OREGON
The Original
Webster's
DIGTIOHHBY.
BY SPECIAL ARKANWEAiKNT WITH TilK
publishers, we are able to obtain a number
of th above book, and propose to furmtm a
copy to esch of our subscribers.
j he dictionary is a necessity in evfj uuiue,
oVtnrtl riiiI
business nouse. it una
and furnishes knowledge which no one hun
dred other volumes of the choicest books could
Supply. XOUllK ttllU Uiu, wui'dicu miu
refer to its coutenls every day in the year
as some have asked if this is reslly the Oriir-
ricn ana pour, siiouiu hmtoh ."um iwi.u, uv
Inul Webster'. L uabridired Dictionary, we re
able to state we have learned direct from the
publishers the fact, that this fs the very work
complete on which about forty of the best years
01 the author's life were so well employed in
writing. It contains the entire vocabulary of
about 100,000 words, Including the correct spell
ing, derivation ana aennuion 01 same, ana is
the. rppnlar standard size, containing about
:HX),0ou square inches of printed surface, and is
bouna lu cioiu nan nioiuccw uiu qlccu.
Until further notice we will furnish this
valuable Oict onary
First To any new subscriber.
Second To any renewal subscriber.
Third To anv subscriber now in arrears
who pays up and one year in advance, at
the following prices, viz:
Full Cloth bouna, gut siae ana Dacs
stamps marbled edges $:-oo.
Halt Mo occo, bouna, gux siae ana dbck
stamps, marbled edges. 1.50.
Full Sheep bound, leather label, marbled
edges, $2.00
F if
fty cent! added in all cases for express
age to Heppner.
, . ,h. nnhlLhors limit the time an
...rT... t v.Cm thv will furnish at the low
prices, we advise all w ho desire to avail them
selves of this great opportunity to attend to it
FBEETO THE BFRICTED.
All who are suffering from the effects
of Youthful Errors, Loss of Manhood,
Failins Powers, Gonorrhoea, Gleet,
Striotnre.Syphiliaand the many troubles
which are the effects of these terrible
disorders will receive, Free op Charge,
full directions how to treat and cure
themselves at home by writing to the
Caufobnu Medical and Ri boicai, Im
fibmart. 1ii29W Market Street, San
Francisco, California. 466-1 y.
Northern Pacific
U
. w imihjj.lii ,
v 1 I
Colds and Coughs
croup,
sore throat,
bronchitis, asthma,
and hoarseness
cured by .
Aers Cherry Peroral
the safest
and most effective
emergency medicine.
It should be in every
family.
Dr. J. C. Ayer & Co
Lowell, Mass.
Th fole'&rated French Cure,
"APHRODITINE" SKI
Ii Bold om a
POSITIVE
GUARANTEE
to our any
form of uarvoui
disease, or aur
disorder of the
BEFORE ecuerative or AFTER
fa lis ol either sex whether arliiug from tb
excessive use of Stimulants, Tobacco or Opium,
er through youthful indlscretioo, over Indulg
ence, Ac, suoh as Loss of Brau Power, Wakeful-
ness, Bearinc down Palus la the Back. Semi us)
Weakness, Hysteria, Nervous Prostration Nocturn
al Emission. , Leucorrbcea, DUslness, Weak Mem.
ory.Lossof Power and Impotencjr, which if ne
glected often lead to premature old i(?e and tnsan
tir. Price fl.00 a box, 6 boxes for 96.00 Sent bj
mail on receipt of prioe.
A WRITTEN GUARANTEE forever? 16.00
order, to refund the money If a Permaaeol
cure Is not effected. Thousands of testimonials
from old and young, of both sexes, permanently
uired by Aphroditihx. Circular free. Address
THE APHRO MEDICINE CO.
WBflTlBM B1AMCH,
BOX 27 PORTLAND, OR
Sold in Heppner by Sloe urn-Johnston Drug Co-
mm
Write for our Mammoth
Catalogue, a 600 -pug
book, plainly illnstrnt-
ed, giving wanuiaciur-i-.n'
lowest price with
mannfactnrers'disconnl
on all Eoods manufact
ured and imported into
the United states.
iftto fiO cents on evcrv
dollar you spend. Wt-
Bell only nrst-ciass pootir
(jlroceries, Furni ture,
Clothing, Dry lioods
Hats, Caps, Boots and
Uhoes, Notions, Crock
ery, Jevlry, BiiKKie
and Harness, Agricul
tural Implements; ii;
fact anything you want.
Saved by buying of us.
Send 25. cents to pay ex-
ME?!
reHrtaire on eatulogue, a
buver's cuide. We arc
the only concern that
bc'IIb at manufacturers'
prtceB, allowing the buyer the same discount
that the manufacturer gives to the wholesale
trade. We guarantee all goods to be equal to
representations or money refunded.. Goods sent
by expresa or freight, with privilege of examina
tion before paying.
A. KARPEN A CO.,
122 Quincey at., Chicago, 111.
The
Last
Drop
Is as good as the
first. No dregs.
All pure and whole
some. I tie most
popular drink of the day.
Hires'.
A perfect thirst quencher.
Don't b deceived if a dealer, for the talc
Of larger profit, tetli you tome other kind
U "jum at good" 'tit Wie. NoimiUUio
U as good auj the genuine Hiau'.
SKILOHS
CONSUMPTION
The success of tWi Oreat Cone,h Curo ts
without a parnllci in t.ie hi.story of medicine.
AlldrUKKiattiareiUtllorkid to sell iton a pos
itive gimrHnie.c. a tf bnt no other curo can
succeistullv atr.nd. That it rmiy become
known, the Proprietors, at p.u enormous ex
pense, are i,'t:injr a f-iinple Tl.'ittls Free into
every home in the Uni'ci! Pfaw and Canada.
If you have a Ooutrh, Pr.re Throat, or Bron
chitis, use it. for it will cure you. If your
child has the Crouo, or WhoopinK Cough, use
it promptly, and relief is sure. If you dread
that insidious disease Consumption, use it.
Ask your DrnrisiJt for SifILOH'3 CURB,
Price 10 cts. , 60 cts. and 1 .CO. If your Lungs
are sore or Back lame, use Shiloh's Porons
Plaster. Price 25 cts. For sale by all Drug
gists and Dealers.
S25 REWAKl)
For the retnrn to my plaoe, six miles
south of Nolin, Oregon, 1 gray mare wilb
yesrliDg oolt, branded T9 on right shoul
der and circle W on left shoulder; also
1 bay mare branded TS on right shoulder
and dim brand on left shoulder resem
bling o- Or I will pay $10 for infor
mation leading to their reenvnry.
F. WEBER,
498 506 Nolin, Or.
STRAYED.
Two sorrel horses. Oneof them branded
"8" on the right shoulder, likewise on the
right stifle.
The other was branded "8" on the
rleht shoulder, also "R" The weight of
each was abnnt 1050 pounds
Anvone returning tba same to my
ranch at Eight Mile will receive a reward
of $15. bw tf Bylvanttb Wright.
Job work on short notice at the Ga
zettes office. Best appointed job office
in Eastern Oregon.
HOW TO CHZXK HCMORRHAGE.
Simple and Effective Remedies That
May Up Fnslly Applied.
When minute bleeding point?, mrh as
Boruetimea occtir upon the faoe cfier tbe
use of the razor, are neither checked
spontaneously nor by the usual means, a
drop of tincture of iron applied on a
pledget of cotton or the end of a match
will at once put an end to the bleeding.
Sometimes obstinate and even alarm
ing hemorrhage follows the extraction
of a tooth. In such a case a bit of cot
ton saturated with alum solution or
sprinkled with alum powder and applied
to the cavity will usually nave tue de
sired effect, but should these means fail
to afford relief a pledget of cotton sat-
urated with tincture of iron pressed into
the cavity will promptly stanch the tion of hybrids and cross pollination;
flow unless the case bo an exceptional . and the objects for which the improve
one, ment should be sought are chiefly pro-
In case of the bursting of a varicose ductiveness, flavor, nutritiousness, size,
vein, the ensuing hemorrhage may be vigor, color, shipping and keeping qual
at once checked by pressing a finger ities, hardiness, extreme early and late
upon the bleeding part and laying the ness, and an adaptibility for canning
person down flat, either on the ground and drying purposes, and exemption
or on a bed. A pad is then applied from diseases and insect pests,
over the injured part and bound down i By the term "chance seedlings" I re
tightly with a roller bandage. I fer to fruit trees resulting from seeds
Bleeding from the nose is often checked that have been selected and planted at
spontaneously by such simple means aa random, or, as is usually the case, have
bathing the face and nasal cavities with accidentally become covered with earth
cold water. Sometimes, however, when and have sprung up by natural methods,
more persistent, some styptio applica- These seedlings, which often differ
tion may be needed, Alum water or a widely from their parent in character of
solution of tannic acid may be snuffed growth and fruit, may be the result of
up the nose from the palm of the hand, natural variation or of a chance cross by
or some powdered styptic may do mown
into the nasal cavities by means of a
quill, roll of paper or other tube. But
the most unique, simple and efficient
way to check an obstinate nasal hemor
rhage is the old fashioned one of press-
ing an ordinary clothespin firmly over i
the cartilaginous portions of the nose
from above downward.
How to
Prevent Bad Odor In Tines
Grown In Water.
A generous pinch of salt will prevent
the water in which vines are growing
from becoming offensive in odor.
Bow to Kill Mosquitoes.
A baking powder can lid, or the lid of
any small round tin box, nailed upside
down on the end of a stick is all the ma
chine needed. Eaoh night before using
drop a very little kerosene oil into the
lid just enough to spread over the bot
tom. Then hold it up on the ceiling
over the unfortunate insect. In an in
stant he will fall in overcome. This
cannot be used to kill mosquitoes any
where but on the ceiling; but, nine times
out of ten, if one be disturbed from a
position on the side wall it will )igb on
the ceiling. This contrivance does not
mar the walls as the use of the hand 01
a damp cloth will.
. Bow to Cure Earache.
Dr. Jacobi says that closing the mouths
of infanta and simply blowing into the
nose is often a very valuable method of
relieving earache, and that in a number
of cases she has obtained excellent re
sults from this procedure, it being a
catarrhal affection of the eustachian
tube.
Bow to Shoot Birds "On the Wing."
Practice bringing the gun quickly up
to your shoulder, so that it will be al
ways in the line of your vision, w atch
the flying bird closely. Then bring the
gun np to your shoulder, closing the
right eye as the gun comes up. When
it is in position Are. If your practice
has been properly taken the bird must
be hit, as of course your eye was gazing
at it, and the gun was in the line of your
vision.
Row to Serve Stale Dread or Biscuit.
Steam pieces of stale bread by laying
them in a perforated tin over the boiling
water of a teakettle. When soft, re
move and allow them to grow nearly
cool. They will taste very good. Dip
crisp biscuits or buns that have become
stale into water, and then put them on a
pan in a hot oven. They will seem as
fresh as when first baked.
Bow to Iron Easily.
Put a teaspoonf ul of kerosene in a pint
of cold starch and the iron will not
stick. The scent will soon pass away.
If the iron is rough, rub it on soap or
wax.
How to Serve Smoked Beef Hct.
For preparing half a pound of beef,
put into a frying pan about a table-
spoonful of butter, letting it get hot.
Throw in the beef shredded lntomonth
fuls. Stir a heaping tablespoonful of
flour into a pint of milk and pour over
the beef. Let it cook until it thickens.
No salt will be needed. If desired serve
on squares of buttered toast.
Bow the Word "Palaver" Originated.
It is a corruption of the Spanish pala
bras, meaning words.
How to Make a Clock Keep Good Time.
As the pendulum contracts during
cold weather, and will consequently
swing faster, it should be lengthened
about one-sixteenth of an inch in the
winter months.
How to Prevent Jars from Breaking.
When putting in the fruit set the cold
jar on a folded cloth wet with cold wa
ter; then pour in the boiling hot fruit.
How to Remove Baking Stains from a Dish
Rub the stains with a pinch of salt
The stains will be qnickly removed.
How to Extinguish rir. In Chlmnej.
Take a quantity of table salt and
throw it up the burning flue, a handful
- ., .
at a time in rapid succession, u ttoa
fails go upon the roof and throw salt
downgthe chimney.
How th Whale Furnishes Oils,
The sperm whale has an immense cav
ity in the head, containing an oil which
hardens and forms the spermaceti of
commerce. Ambergris is a peculiar
product used in making perfumery and
is sometimes found to the amount of
I'juif tv 1,13 aiuuuui,
s.- A,, i u
i. i- u Vi
rsurrTi wi h n. 1 1 in iuuukuii ia; utm m
product of disease.
NEW VARIETIES.
A LECTURE GIVEN BEFORE THE
HORTICULTURAL CLASS
At Stanford University by Profpasor
Emory E. Smith How Now Frutt Va
rieties Are Made and Fixed Cross
Pollination, Budding: and Hybridizing
Are the Agencies Employed.
The primary ohject of the production
of new varieties of fruits is the increase
of the quantity and quality of our food
supply.
Titere are several well defined ways in
which our fruits may be improved:
Chance seedlings, bud variation, selec-
the agency of the breeze or insects.
Many , and I might say the majority, of
our standard varieties iuive originated in
this way.
Bud varieties, or "sports, " as they are
commonly termed, are so far nuexplain.
able. Suddenly a branch upon a tree or
a cane upon a bush or vine will show
unusual vigor, or produce fruit of flavor,
color or size differing materially from
the variety type. By removing the
sport and perpetuating it by buds, scions
or cuttings a new and distinct variety
has been brought into existence, though
a tendency is often exhibited for several
years toward further variation, in which
case selection has to be resorted to until
the type is well fixed.
Hybridizing and cross pollination are
words quite generally oonfused and mis
understood, even by horticulturists
themselves. Hybridizing may be briefly
described as the inter-mixing of two dis
tinct species, while cross pollination, as
the term is acceptably applied, is the
mixing of varieties of one species, or of
individuals of the same variety. Cross
pollination may be of two sorts: "Indi
vidual crosses, " the mixing of the pollen
of flowers from the same plant, and
"cross breeds," the mixing of the pollen
of two varieties of the one species,
New varieties of fruit depend upon
propagation by bud, scion or cutting for
the continuation of their individuality,
which in most instances is fixed to a
marked degree. All things being equal,
it is douotful whether this individuality
is ever lessened. My own observations
incline me to believe that the character
istics of a variety do not deteriorate, but
that too rapid propagation or other con
ditions may cause temporary or even in
cases permanent constitutional weak
ness; and. while uncongenial climatic or
soil condition may cause decline and de
cay in plant or tree, this has nothing to
do with the characteristics of the variety
of fruit, but simply represents an un
equal contest of plant life with unfavor
able conditions.
While aware tliatmy views differ from
those of investigators who had more ex
tended opportunities, I am convinced
that environments unfavorable to char
acteristics but favorable to the plant
vigor of a variety, does not permanently
change the characteristics of such vari
ety, though the seed produced may be
widely and permanently changed. To
convince myself of the truth of this the
ory I have for some years conducted ex
periments, the particulars of which .
will not give, but will merely say that I
have taken scions from several old fruit
trees in California, the fruit of which it
was claimed had been permanently
changed in color, and from early to late
bearers or the reverse. The Bcions were
sent East and grafted on trees of the
same variety and no difference whatever
could be discovered in the fruit from
that borne on the balance of the tree,
Varieties of fruit brought from Europe,
and whose origin is long lost, as grown
in California, are identical in character
with the earliest descriptions,
In discussing the subject of cross pol
lination, the question of the effect of the
cross upon the pulp of the fruit is some
times raised. As a rule, I do not believe
that crossing naturally or artificially has
any direct effect upon the pulp, but that
the intermixture is confined to the seed
and the fruit which it may produce. I
am, however, convinced that there are
exceptions to this rule, and that the ex
ception applies particularly to the or
ange and is discoverable in exterior
characteristics rather than in any change
in the nature of the pulp.
I I made some unsatisfactory observa
tions some eight years ago in the orange
groves of Florida, but four years later
in an orancre erove of aoutnern i;anror-
nia I became convineed of the fact. It
was a large grove originally, all of Ta
hiti sweet seedlings. A few years ago
the tops of a portion of the trees were .
! .i 1 ..A.1,.A 1
cut on ana me siunips wno wuuucu u,w
to Washington navels. As soon as these
budded trees came into bearing scattered
fruit having the characteristic navel be-
. 1 1 j ........
gan to appear upon tun wj..l.v. v.
seedling trees. My attention was called
to the fact by a workman,j and upor , ex-
:.4-;n T frtnnd a nntTihtr nr nr A.n craft
Bluumiw" " VZu -
mamc. upon me nr ir row. 01
, seedlings but found only one specimen
IU mo rest ui vuw -
that the phenomenon had appeared for
the first time the year before, when the
navels came into material bearing and
it waa a matter of common remark
among the orange pickers of this period.
The texture of the fruit did not seem
chanired in the least, and the navel was
. 1
annernciai ana not pciiKirtttiuK o ii viiu
- true navel Tariety. I nave besidea
j picked several oranges from navel tree
in mixed groves that had the smooth,
unbroken exterior skin of the ordinary
orange and contained in one case one
' seed and in the other two seeds.
Environment does not seem to have
anything to do with the "sporting" of
varieties; for I have seen two sports
Identically the same produced under
widely different conditions. Further
research may throw more light on the
subject. In developing several points
not properly within the scope ol this
subject my chief object has been to
show the permanency of results in this
field of laior, and to show that in origi
nating a new and valuable variety of
fruit j-ou will not only bring pleasure
and profit to yourself and the present
generation, but will band down to pos
terity a legacy rich in itself, but richer
still in possibilities.
ONE BOARD OF TRADE.
An Interesting Sulutlon of the ProdnM
Problem.
Some twenty odd vears ago the great
dairy interests of Northern Illinois and
Southern Wisconsin had about the same
unsatisfory market for their products
that we have had on this Coast. Their
market was in the paws of the "bears"
or on the horns of the "bulls." Specu
lators and middlemen had full control
and nearly all they did not pocket the
transportation companies got. Good
butter cost the consumer all it was
worth. The dairyman might go into
Chicago and find the buttor he was
forced to sell at 13 to 20 cents a pound
retailing at 50 cents. The 15 to 20 cents
did notpay the farmer, but the margin
paid the manipulators. Everythingwas
against the dairyman. Manipulators
could travel through the country, buy
butter and cheese and ship them into
the city for one-fourth what the dairy
man could. In fact there was a com
plete and strong combine against the
dairyman. They plainly saw that if
there was no remedy for this state of
affairs they would be obliged to go out
of the business and leave 'Chicago to
make her own butter from the pig and
steer. The result was that a few of the
leading dairymen around Elgin a city
about the size of Santa Rosa got to
gether and formed the Elgin board of
trade for the sale of butter and cheese.
It was strictly on a business basis and
all business must be done according to
the by-laws and regulations.
The dairy products were all to be on
band on a certain day, open to the in
spection of all and sold strictly for cash
on their merits. Then the buyer could
take the stuff where it best suited him,
and the dairymen had their money. The
first vear only a few went into the asso
ciation and only a small businesft was
done, but it was enough to show that it
paid those who depended on it for their
sales' Then it began to grow and the
busines is now immense. Following is
an extract from the annual report of the
past year:
The receipts for 1891 were 1.063,B58,
greater than for 1890. Total amount of
butter sold during the year 2.,lX)8,o5a
pounds, at an average price of 25 r cents
a pound. Of cheese, 6,232,492 pounds
were made, which was sold at an aver
age price of 8 cents. The following fig
ures for 1891 will be of interest: The
cash value of butter was $0,272,501.87;
of cheese, $498,099.36 ; total, $6,771 , 101. 23
total pounds of both butter and cheese,
81.239,144; increase over 1890 butter,
805,100 pounds, value'$875,202.86; cheese,
1,190,072 pounds, value $188,455.87. In
the past twenty years there have been
sold 111 the L'gin board of trade 151,021
292 pounds of butter and 118,887,917
pounds of cheese, a total of 208,809,209
pounds. The cash value of this was
$47,813,250.72. The average price for
the past twenty years was: Butter 28J
cents; cheese 8J cents. ' There are how
270 members of the board of trade and
230 factories represented, an increase in
factories of 10.
This shows a healthy growth. Atten
tion is called to tliis pioneer venture of
the kind because a similar board has
been organized by prominent dairymen
around San Francisco and it is supposed
modeled after the Elgin plan quite
closely. Such co-operative combines
are all right, for they give the producer
full value lor his products, less the least
possible margin for freights, commis
sions and other necessary expenses and
do not increase the price of the produce
to the consumer. If things are honestly
managed the cost to- the consumer will
be lessened. In the case of the Elgin
board the consumer was greatly bene
fited. It would be easy, indeed, to run such
a scheme for a time greatly against the
interest of the consumer and in favor of
the dairymen. Yet it would be only for
a time. Such schemes soon wear them
A Simple Problem.
The value of a baking powder is in the leaven
ing gas it contains. If one brand is stronger
than another, it is worth more per pound,
because it goes further in baking.
Royal Baking Powder has been determined
by the official chemical tests to be 27 per cent
greater in leavening strength than any other
brand. Its actual value to the consumer is
therefore 27 per cent, greater than the others.
This is equal to 13 cents per pound.
If, therefore, other powders are forced upon
you, see that the charge for them is iyi cents
per pound less than the price of the Royal.
selves out, 111 press ana pnonc senti
ment are against them.
The Elgin board of trade plan is the
true way to sell all farm produce. Three
or four boards of trade could sell all our
products. All should go onto the mar
ket as the producer sees fit to pack and
assort, to be sold by sample at auction
for spot cash. That and the selling from
wagon from door to door by the pro
ducernot peddlers are the only right
Ways to sell farm produce. These plans
leave middlemen and speculators com
pletely in the cold. Only the man who
buys for cash on the open market and
holds for an expected increase in price is
legitimate speculator.
Wine) Grape Industry.
The brandy business is brightening
tip and it will cheer the wine grape
grower. A shipment of 92,500 gallons
has just been sent to Hamburg. Tni
seems like shipping ooals to Newcastle.
Yet millions of gallons of corn whisky
has gone to Europe to come back labeled
fine old Cognac. There is no doubt but
wnat we can make aa good brandy as
can be made anywhere. But brandy U
not best until it is twelve to twenty
years old.
The minority of the ways and means
committee have presented a report
against removing the duty on binding
twine.
"The New Onion Culture."
They are having a great time in the
Eastern agricultural papers over what
they term "the new onion culture,"
which is simply to sow theBeed in a mild
hotbed under glass in early spring and
then in May or June transplant into a
thoroughly prepared and enriched field.
The plan involves great labor, but yields
very large and fine crops. One grower
tried for a thousand bushels to the acre
and maintains, that he would have
reached that mark if a severe drouth
had not interfered. He harvested over
800 busheis. The plan seems to be old
and well known on this Coast. It was
introduced by gardners from South Eu
rope. Neany five years ago a crop was
grown in this way that was simply im
mense. The Portuguese who pTew the
crop said they had long followed this
plan. Here in California we have rich
moist places where the transplanting
plan seems to be the acme of perfection,
onions being transplanted after the last
rain, require little or no cultivation and
give the finest possible crops.
The Northern Citrus Belt..
Jn Butte county, far north in Califor
nia, the citrus fruits are being plaqted.
One grove of 140 acres of oraigesis be
ing planted, another of 100 acres, several
forty, twenty, ten' and numerous five
acre tracts. This looks like the N C B
has a good foundation.
According to a Connecticut station
analysis, a sample of fresh hen manure
contained nitrogen C.56, phosphoric acid
0.85, potash 0.36.
THE ARMIES OF EUROPE.
The French army has 131,000 horses,
15,000 of which are substitutes. The
appropriation for them this year is
$400,000 more than it was last year.
M. Jannhf.s, president of the com
mission instituted by the Aerostatic
congress of 1 S89, has asked the French
war minister to define the status of aero
nauts in time of war. He thinks that
aerostation is sufHciently important in
the army for those who are enaged in
it to be designated as belligerents.
OliSKRVATioN stephultlei's are the
latest innovation in the lielgias field
artillery. They are intended to enuble
the commander of a concealed battery
to better direct the Hre of the gunners.
Every ladder is about seven and one
half feet high, of iron, and weighs
about sixty-five pounds. All ammuni
tion wagons will carry the ladders.
According to the "Annual of the
French Army for 1891," the standing
army will contain next year 570,003
men, and will show an Increase over
this year of 324 officers, 7,418 men and
1,018 horsea. The annual gives the
total numlicr of officers, doctors and
other officials of officers' rank as 75,
000. The estimated expenditure for
the army next "'"t. 000,000.
Lightning Proof.
Women wh are afraid of thunder
storms are having their chaira and bed
steads made with glass feet to serve as
inhibitors. What is the matter with
the old-fashioned feather bed where all
the women and children of the family
took refuge iu a thunderstorm? Or the
dark closet where the preserves were
kept? Perhaps the glass jars made that
secure, but no power on earth ever
saved the preserves.