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About Polk County itemizer. (Dallas, Or.) 1879-1927 | View Entire Issue (June 18, 1914)
H O M E A N D F A R M M A G A Z IN E S E C T fO N in W ork of Luther Burbank Is Explained Hints to Gardener and Orchardist Are Given From Career of Wizard of Plant Life. ¡i N T H IS , the early sp rin g days, when tho men and women whose diver* sion involves w ork in th e garden and in the orchard, i t m ight be well to ta k e a lesson from the resu ltfu l m ethods of tho g re a te st of all h o rtic u ltu rists, L u th e r B u rbank. W hile th e world know s much of his achievem ents in the creatio n of new form s o f p la n t life, only a v e ry sm all num ber of those fa m ilia r w ith his work really know how he gets the phenom enal resu lts th a t liave m ade him th e genius th a t he is. L u th e r B u rb au k has several fu n d a m en tal m ethods of procedure—perhaps th e m ost im p o rtan t being tho hybridiz ing of m ore o r less closely related apeeies and v arieties of p lan ts. E a rly in lus career ho discovered th a t ho could produce new v arieties, and in some cases new species, by cross fe rtiliz in g d iffe re n t species o f p lan ts. As te sti m onials to his success in th is field, wo have his w ell know n plum cot, a cross betw een th e plum an d tho apricot, crosses betw een th e apple and th e pear, apple and quince, quince an d pear, poach and lemon, orange an d lemon. By crossing d iffe re n t v a rie tie s w ithin the species, he has produced hundreds of now v a rie tie s of plums, prunes, peaches, apples, pears, cherries and quince. H is «toneless plum and prune and his g i g a n tic cherries are n o tab le instances o f his creations by crossing d iffe re n t v a rie tie s of the sam e species I How He Saves Time. In been left to grow on their own roots, fire or six years of growth would be necessary to secure a bearing. Because of this method experiments aro carried on through five or six g en eratio n s in tho time that would originally be re guess quired for two generations. of the same specie or variety. By tak ing a cherry that bore fruit early in the season, he developed his present early appearing cherry. By selection he ovolved the Burbank sugar prune with a ‘J 3 per cent sugar content. m .. B u r b a n k ’s m ethod precludes w ork. lie alw ays know s e x a c tly w hat ho is striv in g fo r and only uses such exam ples as co n tain in th e em bryo tho u ltim ate q u alities desired. I f he desires to m ake the cherry larg er, w ider, redder and ju ic ie r he reduces the size of tho p la n t and shortens tho stem to m ake th e tree a h ard y and a prolific bearer. H e blends tho rig h t h ered ities and a f te r securing p lan ts th a t show a given com bination in a su p e rlativ e degree, ho thou proceeds to produce a g re a t q u a n t i t y of seedlings. A t th e B u rb a n k pro v in g grounds a t S obastopol, w ill be found m any trees w ith a scoro or m ore of g ra ftin g s on each and every one of them . All of B u rb a n k ’s w ork has a p erm a n en t q u a lity in it, and th e m ethods th a t ho em ploys, m ight be used b y anyone who has more th a n a m ere cursory in te re st in p la n t developm ent. N ever w ork n team of colt* to g e th er u n til they are thoroughly broken, as they w ill w orry each other. Forest Fire Season Gets Early Start Getting More Money From Egg Crop 8 AI> EGOS eau8t< farmers a lass of betw een three and fo u r million dollnrs an nually. G overnm ent ex p e rts estim ate th a t 5 p e r cent o f the eggs m ark eted have developing ch ick ens and th a t 3 per cent aro “ r o t s ” due to tho em bryo decaying. A ll these losses could be avoided by keeping roosters out of tho flocks, thus hav ing only infertile eggs produced. If fa rm e rs would follow this plan, they could save one and three fourths mil lions of dollars annually. Infertile eggs produced by flacks in which there is no mats bird are the only kind that can reach the consumer in good condition during the hot sum mer months. The only object in having a male bird in tho flock la to get fertile egg. for hatching purpose«. Now that the hatching season is over, cotleges of agriculture urge all farmers to sell off all the roosters or shut them away from the hens. Last year in July and August nearly •no half the eggs leaving the farms were unfit for food. The farmer, as a result, received a law price. Prevent that lose this year by getting rid of tho rooster. Now ie tho time to act to prevent future looses. Any Instrument Easily— Quickly All Seeds Are Saved. H ere, perhaps, lies tho secret of his success, fo r by th is he accom plishes, w ith in a com paratively sh o rt tim e, w hat would otherw ise ta k e y ears to do. A fter his a tte n tio n is a ttr a c te d to a plan t, B urbauk saves all of th e seeds and sows them in soil placed in green house boxes ab o u t 18 inches square and four and one-half inches deep. The soil itself is p rep ared by m ixing 50 p a rts of pure sand, fo rty p a rts of loam containing le a f mold, e ig h t p a rts pow dered moss or p e a t an d tw o p a rts bone fertilizer. T he soil is m oistened by dropping boxes in to a tu b of w ater. T he seeds are sow n on tho su rface an d covered lig h t ly w ith a th in la y e r of soil an d pow dered moss. T he seedlings aro tra n sp la n te d in to a field an d th en su b je cted to a rig id in sp ectio n —o ut of m any thousand seed lings B u rb an k m ay select less th a n a dozen fo r fu rth e r experim ent. I n his selection he lays p a rtic u la r stress on th e stu rd in ess of tho stock, the branches, round f a t buds, large th ick leaves, rich color, vigor and ten d en cy to u p rig h t grow th. o rder to bridgo tim e and to b re a th e in to th e com plex hybrid, and various tre e s of th e d iffe re n t species, he g ets a seedling from its own root and g ra fts it as a scion on the branch o f a m atu re tree. H e g r a fts his seed i Judgment Is Keen. ling, as a rule, on a tw ig n earest T he scions As a supplement to tho process of the end of a branch. hybridization comes his keen judgment thus placed usually b e a r f r u it in iu the selection of varying individuals the second year, whereas, if th e y had ! ; WeTeach You To Play IRST REPORTS of forest fires bave begun to come in to Wash ington from tho national forests and they indicate to the fed eral offi cers an early start of the fire season, with unfavorable weatl.er conditions from the very beginning. In the North west there was less snow on th e moun tain-. at the end of the winter than for many years past^ Railroad rights of way which were last year deep in snow are reported clear now and dry enough to burn readily. From the Canadian border to Mexico the reports are similar, and there have already been extensiva fires in Cali fornia and Arizona. The chief forester reports, however, that the firefighting forces of the serv ice are orgaaised better than ever be fore, particularly in respect to tho fire detection system of lookout station« By meaas of tnese stations fires are report ed quickly and accurately, so that the control forces may be oa the ground at the earliest possible moment. F In those states wh re the gravest danger threatens, special efforts are be ing made by the government foresters and by cooperative fire protection as sociations organized among timberland owners, to secure care with fire on the part of ermpers, prospectors, loggers The Not«. and by railroads. The Northwestern “ Oh, by the way, dear,” said the Forestery and Conservation Association, «•reliant as be waa preparing to leave with headquarters at Portland, Oregon, the house in the morning, “ if I fiad I is one of the leader* in this -ampaign. • a a 't be home to dmaer I will send » Bote by moMenger.” ear A** * am on th e C anadian “ Don't trouble,1 ' said tis wife, sweat- t in I » . * m * i r# y M T TM «rsa U f •« A lieat a r a r known, *r- *1 have already fouad it ea the u n ir o n » f t f U o « ^ • # p a r c a s t a t ;he a rea Matting pad. * YOU STUDY AT HOME Mistakes are impossible—the young est child can learn—Prices are low. Let us put the joy of music in your home. Write today—now—to American School of Music Fifth Floor Commonwealth Bldg. Portland, Oregon. | A Perfect Time Beater Furnished Free S T A FF F lo ra M cC urdy ..................................D irecto r P. E. M cC urdy................. F ra u E m m erich ; S ig n o r A . V ic e tii; Mona. 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Whea you realize this yon 11 know why the merchants eon s t« ue for competent mui.tanta. Ve will place yoa when com petent '- r i te for Catalog«* 75c the suit w e w:il *<-nd theta, charge* prepaid on receipt •# price. 7 Sc each. As“r FREE u£ r IM S , la v i S tra n a . » C s , San F n a d a n l - ìltH n H ttò o tìltY BUSINESS COLLEGE L 4L Walker, Pres. Portland, Or*.
