HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
Among the Orchards of the Northwest
A Page of Interesting Advice and Information About Fruits, Large and Small.
the larvae of the first, but some o f the
second brood, since the poison remains
in position to intercept the larvae when
To determine the proper time
ever it does enter.
<§> to spray is made easier if you
Eggs on Leaves.
4> make proper observations. The
spraying must be done at the
A skillful orehardist does not spray
right time to be effective. This
until after pollination has taken place
and the major portion o f the petals
<$> article tells you how to make it
<§> effective and certain.
have fallen. In tho Yakima district in
«>
<$> a favorable season, the rule is to begin
to spray when eight-tenths o f the petals
have fallen. After the petals fall there
By E. F. STEPHENS.
is usually five to seven days’ time in
N SPRAYING apples for the codling which to spray before the calyx closes
moth it is a convenience to know so tightly as to prevent the lodgment
definitely the time adult moths of the poisonous spray. This first
emerge from the chrysalides. When calyx spray should be with high pres
this is known, then the spraying can sure, aiming to force the liquid into the
be done at exactly the right time to be portion o f the calyx cup. Since the
most effective. To encourage more cer eggs of the codling moth have not yet
tain methods in fighting the codling been deposited and may not be de
moth, by finding out the exact date the posited for some weeks after this spray
adults appear, Prof. T. H. Parks, of ing, the object o f this first spray is
Idaho, is distributing codling moth to securely lodge this poisonous liquid
cages, and in return asks orchardists in the calyx of each apple on the tree.
Careful observers, like Mr. Hurst,
to carefully watch and make note of
the date the first and the last codling note that most of the eggs of the cod
moth emerges. Each orehardist can ling moth are deposited on the leaves,
and that the young larvae may feed a
make a cage for himself.
The material used is common win little on the leaf before seeking the
dow screen wire, and a convenient size .apple. This gives an opportunity to
for the cage is eight inches in diameter intercept the larvae by the second
by twelve or fifteen inches in length. spray, which this time should be a
In these cages place the larvae of the fine mist, coating the under and upper
codling moth, also place leaves or a bit sides of the leaf.
of cloth' cover for shelter, aud, when
Moth Cage la Aid.
the moth has actually emerged, it would
To determine the best time for the
be well to add twigs of apple bloom.
second spray is the object of the moth
cage, the careful observation of which
Secure Average Temperature.
Place the cages in such position in ascertains when the moth will be ready
the orchards as to give an average to lay eggs and thus determine the time
temperature. It is well to throw weeds for the second spray, which should coat
over tho cage to partially hide it, les the leaves just in advance of the laying
eening the power of the sun. Since ten of the eggs.
On the other hand the time of the-
cents’ worth of material will make a
cage, it is well to have two or three first spraying is determined by and
of them placed under varied conditions. must be before the calyx closes. White
The writer places three different cages Winter Pearmain blooms earlier than
Jonathan or Winesap, Rome Beauty and
in Varying conditions in the orchard.
As the larvae of the codling moth Rawles’ Janet later than either, mak
emerges from an apple iu late fall, it ing a period of ten days or more be
eeeks a place to winter with safety, tween the earliest and latest closing of
wintering as larvae or worms. These the calyx.
I f the season is favorable without
larvae may winter under a bit o f rough
bark on the trunk o f a tree or in any loss by frost, spray when eight-tenths
similar shelter.
They are usually of the bloom has fallen. If, on the
abundant about packing houses. As the other hand, the season has been un
larvae seeks shelter, it weaves over favorable, and the early bloom has
itself a thin web. Here it reposes un been destroyed, and the crop is depend
ent on the later bloom, then do not
til springtime.
The next step depends on the char spray until the latest bloom has shed its
acter of the season and on the earli petals. The orehardist, therefore, will
ness with which its place o f conceal carefully study his own bloom, and will
ment may warm up. Depending on the spray with reference to that particular
character of the shelter, the date of portion of the bloom which in bis case
This varies with
pupation may vary fifteen to sixty will set frait.
days, or more. The next step is for tho varieties.
Study of Trees.
larvae to change to the pupae form,
called pupating. In cool weather it re
To determine when to spray against
mains in this form fe- twenty-one the second brood, about the first of
days; in the heated summer a less time, June place burlap bands about the
and then emerges as a codling moth.
trunks o f the older trees, preferably
in some old orchard, or in some orchard
Before Calyx Clones.
The -odling moth, male and female, sadly infested with worms. Under these
flies at night and mates. Within about band traps the larvae o f the first brood
four days o f the emergence of the will hide to transform into adults.
moth, egg laying commences. Each Place a goodly number of these
female moth is reported to deposit from worms in the moth cage, study their
one hundred and fifty to two hundred development, nnd spray for the second
•ggs. These eggs hatch in eight or ten brood when the moths are ready to lay
days. B. F. Hnrst, who has given very eggs. In the Boise basin that would
careful study to tho habits of the cod quit« likely bo in the neighborhood of
ling moth in Idaho, reports that the the first o f July. Since the broods over
larvae may feed one to two days on lap. it might be necessary to spray
the foliage before entering the apple. again in the early days o f August.
Borne observers report that, o f the first Careful observers believe that in the
brood or while the apple is yet very Snake River and the Boise Valleys we
■nail, 80 *>er cent o f the larvae may have first and second broods only, but
•nter the apple through the calyx. A that these broods overlap and may eon
special effort should be made to de tinue their work even in September.
By studying trees that are old and
posit some form of poison, preferably
arsenate of lead, in tho calyx before young and pruned in different meth
the ealyx closes. This poison lodged ods, it will be found that in your orch
within the calyx may poison not only ards that aro allowed a large amount
•
«•
I
o f wood more fruit buds will set at the
age o f four, five or six years than orch
ards pruned for large good growth. I f
a four or five year-old tree 1 as com
paratively few fruit buds, it will bloom
within a period of a very few days, but
if a tree, whether old or young, has an
excessive number of fruit buds, then
that tree will continue to come into
bloom for a period of twelve to four
teen days. In case of an unfavorable
spring with frost periods, the tree hav
ing the greatest abundance o f bloom
and blooming for the longest period of
time would be the tree most likely to
set crop o f fruit in a frosty Bpring, an
item of great importance, particularly
in the handling o f young orchards.
22,000 Rainbow Trout Planted.
Twenty two thousand rainbow trout,
ranging from a half inch to an inch in
length were planted in the trout streams
of Lewis county, Wash., by Game War
den Norton Wynn and his deputies.
The trout were brought from the state
fish hatchery in Seattle and upon ar
rival were divided into three equal lots.
One bunch was freed in Lincoln Creek,
the second was turned out on the south
fork o f tho Newaukum, while the
third was taken to Dunn C?bek, be
tween Dryad and Doty, this creek be
ing a tributary to the south fork of
the (Jhehalis River. The streams, in
which the trout were planted will be
closed to fishing for a term of two
years.
Points on Pigs
Plan For Fair in Chehalis County.
The Chehalis county fair will be held
at Elina, Wash., September 23-27, ac
cording to an announcement by George
Simpson, president of the fair associa
tion. This is earlier than usual, the
fair having always previously been
held in October. The premium list will
be issued in July.
F
EEDING and care are as important
as the breeding in producing a
good hog. Plenty o f feed and
good care may make a good hog out of
a runt, but lack o f it will always make
a runt out of a good pig.
To make pork cheaply a permanent
pasture and forage crops must be used.
Young pigs must have a dry bed and
plenty of sunshine.
Begin feeding the pig as soon as he
will eat, and keep him growing until he
is mature.
Always keep plenty of clean, fresh
water where the hogs may drink any
time.
Quarantine all newly purchased ani
mals for three weeks.
Never keep a female for a brood sow,
no matter how well bred she may be,
f she will not produce more than four
strong pigs at a litter.
The more milk a sow will give the
faster her pigs will grow.
Lice prevent a hog from doing well.
Always keep a mixture of charcoal,
wood ashes, lime, sulphur, salt and cop
peras before the hogs.
3 H S EEI
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ffiFBEBtrH
BP FE EB PB
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run
ECROPEAfl
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R o s i n $ 1 . 0 0 per d ay np
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Final Plans For Water System.
What is believed to be the last hitch
n the building o f the Chehali9 gravity
water system was straightened out when
arrangements were completed for run RENT a Typewriter from the manufacturer«,
$5 for three month«; Remington No. 6 or
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Remington, Monarch, Smith Premier, $3 per
TYPEWR ITERS
month delivered anywhere.
Rebuilt machine#
Four buffalo calves have just been sold on «asy payment«.
REMINGTON TYPEW RITER COMPANY.
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bringing the herd up to 51.
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