HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
90 Per Cent of Deaths
of Hogs From Cholera
How to Raise Hogs in the
Pacific Northwest
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TH E SW INEHERD.
4*
4* Keep the pigs warm.
They 4-
4* will grow all winter if conditions 4*
4* are right.
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With bacon at 25 or 30 cents 4*
4- a pound, it pays to keep pigs 4*
4- and keep them right.
4*
4* I f the hogs are warm and 4*
4* comfortable it takes less food 4*
4* to keep them thrifty.
4*
4* The breeding sows should 4*
4* have a combination of foods and 4«
4- very little corn.
4*
4* They must have some sue- 4*
4* culent foods— roots, vegetables, 4-
4- ets., and clover hay.
4*
4* The brood sows must have 4*
4* exercise to be healthy.
Bad 4*
4* luck with them can always be 4*
4* traced to ignorant or careless 4*
4* handling by the owner.
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Separate the breeding sows as 4*
4* they begin to grow heavy.
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A jam from a boss sow may 4*
4* cause the loss of the pigs and 4*
4* the sow too.
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4- •!* 4* 4* 'I* *1* 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* *1* 4* 4* 4*
one-half to
one-fourth
digestible
carbonhydrates per one hundred
pounds live weight of the sow and lit
ter. The same amount of nutrients
is all right per 100 pounds live weight
of the sow if she is fed separately
from the pigs. But it may contain
more coarse feed in the latter case.
“ In terms of the feeds used on our
farms the ration may be made up as
follows: For a 250 pound sow with
seven pigs weighing seven pounds
each— 300 pound live weight in all—
this ration requires six pounds mid
dlings and three pounds skim milk;
or six pounds barley and 8 pounds
skim milk; or six pounds barley and
four pounds tankage; or six pounds
middlings and .15 pounds tankage.”
Swine Buildings Are
an Important Factor
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Novo Gasoline Engine
do
y o u r w ork .
The most compact and simplest en
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no separate water tank, no piping, no
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Made in all sizes from 1 h.p to 16 h.p.,
and furnished in combination with
force pumps, centrifugal pumps, deep
well pumps, wood saws, spraying out
fits, etc. Lower prices than formerly.
For full particulars address
HE question of buildings for
swine is a rather complicated
and also a very important one.
Almost every piggery that Is built
possesses certain features peculiar to
itself, rendered necessary by the cir
Department C,
cumstances it is intended to meet.
182-4-6 Morrison St.
The most important features of a
Portland, Oregon.
piggery are dryness, ventilation, light,
freedom from drafts,
reasonable
warmth and convenience.
Good results cannot be secured in
a damp pen, and dripping walls are
a pretty sure indication of impending
disaster. Stone and cement walls are
very cold in winter and chill the air
Men who are above the average.
of the pen. A hollow cement wall is
Salary $100 a month and up. Small
much less objectionable than a solid
effort on your part with our help, to
one, but there is little dottbt that
better yourself. Let us tell you how
wooden walls constructed by setting
others are doing it
It will mean
two by four scantlings on end and
success to you. Get out of the rut and
first boarding inside and out with
write us today. Don’t delay.
rough timber. This is then covered
H. H. H ARRIS.
up with matched lumber.
I f it is
International Correspondence School«
thought desirable to have a loft over
McKay Bldg., Portland, Ore.
the pen the ceiling can be made of
poles, placed a few inches apart, and
well covered with straw. The floors
and foundation may be constructed of
cement concrete, and the foundation
rise about two feet above the surface
of the floor.
Thorough ventilation is a great help
in preserving dryness in the piggery,
and it is an aid to ventilation to have
a large air space, or, in other words,
air can be provided for by construct
ing shafts in the walls at intervals of
15 or 20 feet. These shafts should not
be more than four or six inches in
size, and should open outside near the
ground and inside near the ceiling
Provision must be made for closing
A Pennsylvaina gun company Is us
or partially closing these intakes.
ing the waste pieces of black Circas-;
Bight, especially sunlight, has
wonderful influence in promoting sian walnut, left after veneer cutting
health. So far as possible the win for gun stocks.
dows should be on the South side of
V- '
• - MMmdÜÑ
the building, because the South side
gets the most sun and is least ex
posed to cold winds.
While ventilation
is necessary,
drafts are extremely injurious, and
their prevention should be kept in
view when building the piggery.
Warmth is a good thing, but it
should not be secured at the expense
of ventilation. A somewhat cold pen,
well ventilated, but free from drafts,
is preferable to a warm pen where
the air is damp and foul, and the pigs
will suffer less discomfort in the
former.
Very young pigs require
warmer quarters than older ones, and
when a sow farrows in winter special
pains should be taken to secure
warmth and freedom from drafts.
T
IGS begin to nibble at their
mother’s feed when about four
weeks old, and should then be
fed all they will eat of feed that en
courages growth and develops the
digestive system without impairing di
gestion.
I f they are weaned when
seven weeks old this allows but three
weeks in which to accustom their
nutritive organs to the change from
natural to artificial nourishment. The
principle involved in making this
change of feed is explained by P ro
fessor G. R. Samson, swine specialist
of the Oregon Agricultural college,
animal husbandry department, as fo l
lows:
“ The proportion of water in the
little pig’s body is greatest at birth.
This water is gradually replaced by
dry matter as the pig grows older
and any undue hastening of the trans
posing process interferes with the
pig's entire organism.
“ The rate of substituting dry mfct-
ter for water may be retarded by di
luting the solid part of the feed with
water which is incorporated into the
pis:
Possible to Overfeed.
“ The digestive tract of the small
pig is larger in proportion to his body
than that of the older pig. While
the more common mistake is under
feeding at this time, it is also pos
sible to overfeed. At this time the
pig may eat and digest more food
than he can take care of in his body
and in such cases much of the value
of the feed is wasted. Another ill
which may result from overfeeding
is the impairment of digestion ef
ficiency so that the gains in later
life are secured at greater cost than
would otherwise be necessary.
“ When the little pigs begin tp nib
ble at the feed they should be provid
ed with a trough Inside a creep,
where they may have feed especially
suited to them. To start with there
is nothing better than skim milk Into
which about one-tenth by weight of
middlings or oatmeal is stirred. If
oats are used the coarser hulls should
be sifted out The proportion of the
middlings or ground oats may be in
creased until at weaning time the
pigs are getting about one part of
solid feed to two parts o f skim milk.
Leave No Food in Trough.
“ When the little pigs are first be
ing started on artificial feed, care
must be taken that no feed be left
in their trough to become sour, for
scours almost surely will result if 4-4*4- + + + + + + 4- + + 4- + +
they eat this left-over feed. Therefore
give them but little and remove what
E T E G R A F T IN G s m 'K K D S .
is left and give It to their dam». Then
thoroughly clean their trough and if
The sucres« of the operatlbn
possible scald it and set It up to dry.
performed several weeks ago at
At any rate make sure the trough is
the
Baltimore Eye, Ear and
left clean and is clean when feed is
Throat Hospital, in which the
put into It again. A good start makes
cornea of a pig's eye was grafted
success possible; a bad one makes
success very uncertain. The advant 4• onto the blind eye of David Kane
ages of the creep are that cleanli •¥ a six months old Infant, is now
ness is more easily secured and a 4* practically assured. It is learned
smaller amount of higher priced feed 4* that the eye on which the pig's
is necessary as the sow does not re 4^ cornea was grafted is still clear.
-5» There is reason to believe that it
quire such expensive feed.
“ If it is considered too much + will remain clear for the few
trouble to provide a creep for the lit 4« days left of the time allotted for
tle onea they may he allowed to con 4* the test by the surgeon.
I f the eye has not d en ied .
tinue eating with their dam. and her 4*
ration may be made suitable to the 4* the mother of the tnfaqt prob-
pigs. Milk production is stimulated 4* ably will be able to take him from
by sloppy feed and the sow requires 4* the hospital virtually cured of
concentrated feed which is eaaily di 4 * the blindness in which he was
gestible. For this method of feeding 4* born, and seeing through a pig's
I>ietrich suggests one-fourth to one 4» eye.
fifth pound digestible protein and 4* ♦ ♦ ♦ + + + + ,H , 4, + + + +
P
T is estimated at least 90 per cent
of all deaths of hogs from disease
in the United States are caused
by hog cholera, says the department
of agriculture at Washington. There
fore, in the case of any fatal out
break, the chances are about nine to
one the cause is hog cholera. It is
true other infections may and do fre
quently complicate outbreaks of hog
cholera, but in such cases the germ
of hog cholera is primary cause of
the disease.
The symptoms exhibited by hogs
sick or hog cholera are not really dis
tinct from those produced by other
maladies. From a practical stand
point the important thing is to recog
nize hog cholera as soon as possible
after Its appearance in a herd in order
that anti-hog cholera serum may be
applied before the disease progresses
too far. Good serum may be depend
ed upon to protect well hogs, and
even to cure a large percentage of
those in the earliest stages of the
disease, but it will not avail much
when used upon hogs already visibly
sick.
Watch Your Neighbor's Hogs.
Keep posted concerning the con
dition and health of hogs on other
farms in your neighborhood. Sick
hogs on a neighboring farm are a pos
itive menace, for the germs of hog
cholera are easily carried on the feet
of men or animals.
Look over your herd regularly that
any sick hogs may be promptly dis
covered.
I f any hogs in the herd are found to
be “ o ff feed” or appear in anywise
sick, separate tjiem immediately from
the remainder of the herd, and keep
them and the main herd under close
observation daily. I f there is a tend
ency for the disease to spread in the
herd the trouble is probably hog
cholera.
Fancy Names for Fake Diseases.
When the first symptoms of sick
ness are observed an immediate
change of feed sometimes corrects the
trouble. This is particularly true of
swill fed hogs.
I f there is a tendency for the disease
to spread in the herd, do not tempo
rize, but immediately treat the herd
with serum from the state college or
state livestock sanitary board. Prompt
administration of the serum is essen
tial to ’success.
Remember that hog cholera kills
millions of hogs where other diseases
kill thousands. Dismiss from your
mind all thought of such diseases as
“ lung typhoid,” et<5., for these are gen
erally merely fanciful designations
given to hog cholera by uninformed
men.
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The Beebe Company