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HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
Oregon Agricultural College Is the Friend of the Farmer
BBC t t 1 H E average fa m ily orch ard in
jl O regon is too large and too
“ poorly cared fo r ,” says P rof.
C. I. Lewis, O. A. C., horticulturist.
“ It prod uces m ore fruit than the fa m ­
ily can use and it is often o f in ferior
quality.
“ A s a result o f this p o licy the fa m ­
ily orch ard is often declared to be a
m enace to the com m ercia l industry.
Som e grow ers have g o n e to fa r as to
say that the d ay o f the fa m ily or
ch ard is ab ou t up. U nless the men
w ho ow n fa m ily orch ards take better
ca re o f them they will be legislated
out o f existence. It seem s to m e that
it w ould be a great m istake to pre
vent the g row in g o f hom e o rch a rd s on
O regon farm s. T here are fe w things
that contribute so m uch to the d e­
lights o f farm life as the fa m ily o r ­
chard .
And I believe that we can
establish m uch better fa m ily orch ards
than any we n ow have.
“ T he num ber o f trees should be
redu ced quite m aterially. Instead o f
tryin g to have a w h ole tree fo r every
.v a r ie ty desired, it is better to plant
few er trees and later g ra ft fou r or
fiv e varieties upon them .
A ll the
varieties needed fo r the fa m ily use
every m onth in the year can be p r o ­
vided in this way, and by having
fe w e r trees to care fo r the ow ners
will care fo r them m uch better. In
this w ay th ey will have better fruit, It
will cost m uch less in room and
m on ey and his o rch a rd will not be a
sou rce o f insects and diseases fo r his
n e ig h b o r’s tzees.”
“ One w ay to im prove the orch ards
O regon A gricultural college, because
H E average Incom e per cow in it is not only good, but the apparatus and insure better care o f the trees is
O regon as sh ow n by reports is easilj' secured anywhere.
to redu ce quite m aterially the num ­
fro m 3,609 cow s, w as last year
ber o f trees planted. I f it is felt that
H
A
R
D
W
O
O
D
ASH
ES
R
IC
H
IN
$66.66, as reported in the agricultural
It is necessary to have every variety
LA NT FOOD M A T T E R
college survey.
Only d irect incom e
you desire, few er trees m ay still be
OMMON hardw aad ashes have a planted and later fou r or five v a rie­
from the sale o f m ilk or cream is in ­
value o f about $5 in plant food , ties g rafted onto a single tree. M any
clu d ed in the item.
In reality al­
and $3.50 in lim e per ton, a c c o rd ­ varieties o f fruit are very d esirable
low an ce sh ould be m ade fo r the value
ing to investigations m ade by P rof. fo r the hom e orch ard, but an entire
o f skim m ilk in addition.
M any herds sh ow a m u ch higher H. V. Tartar, agricultural chem ist of tree is not required to fu rn ish enou gh
O
regon A gricultural college.
Their o f each variety fo r fa m ily use.
incom e.
An average o f the highest
By
herds reported from each o f several physical e ffe ct on the p acked and acid setting out few er trees an d using m ore
coun ties is slightly in excess o f $100 soils o f certain districts is also very varieties a supply o f fresh fruit can
beneficial.
The alm ost prohibitive
per cow .
be secured fo r ther fa m ily fo r p ra c­
In C latsop coun ty three herds o f 50 high price o f lim e to correct soil tically every m onth o f the year. H a v ­
cow s in all averaged $118.59 per cow . acid ity should lead the W illam ette ing a sm all orch ard en cou ra ges the
T he three low est herds reported show valley farm er to use ashes extensive­ ow n er to take better ca re o f it.
an average in com e o f $29.26 fro m ly fo r that purpose.
“ In sh ap in g the trees they should
“ W ood ashes are valuable fertilizers
the cows.
be headed low, and sin ce th e je is
fo r three reasons,” said P rof. Tartar.
In T illam ook cou n ty the three high
plenty o f room on the fa rm the trees
incom e p rod u cin g herds sh ow an av “ F o r the valuable plant fo o d s they
should be given plenty o f space. A p ­
erage o f $114.59 each fo r 61 cows. contain, fo r their e ffe ct in neutraliz­
ple trees should be given at least 30
T he three low est p rod u cin g herds ing acids in soils, and fo r th eir action
on the physical properties o f the soil. fe e t; pears, 25; sw eet cherries, 35;
sh ow ed an average o f $37.61 for
walnuts,
50; prunes, 22; peaches and
“ T he plant fo o d s in ashes are p ot­
cow s.
sour cherries, 20.
A select herd o f Jerseys in Linn ash, phosphorous and lime. An an aly­
“ The trees should be planted in th#
cou n ty prod u ced an in com e o f $145 sis of 97 sam ples o f h ard w ood ashes
par cow fo r the year 1912 and $140 gave the am ount o f each as follow s: orch ard a little d eeper than they were
P otash 110 pounds per ton; p h osp h or­ in the nursery row.
fo r the year 1911.
“ In this valley it p rob a b ly m akes
A report from B enton coun ty shows ous, 38 p’ounds per ton, and lime, 682
little d iffe re n ce w hether the trees are
an in com e o f $150.84 fo r M arch, 1913, pounds per ston.
“ In order to get thic value from planted in late fall o r in early spring.
fo r butter fa t sold to a crea m ery from
a herd on 15 cows. M ilk and cream ashes it is necessary tha^ they be p ro ­ I have alw ays felt that fa ll planting
fo r a fa m ily o f fou r adults wa^ also tected from rain, as m ost o f the p ot­ is perhaps the better, but I am not
ash is soluble In water and is lost by at all positive as to this. T here are
used on the farm .
T he averages sh ow w hat is actually exposure. A fter leaching, the potash indications that in som e years at least
being done by many, and the higher content o f ashes was found to be 22 spring planting is safer in W estern
T he ashes should Oregon, and we know that it is safer
incom es o f the few sh ow w hat it is pounds per ton.
is possible to a ccom p lish by testing be stored in a dry place until applied in E astern Oregon.
“ In ch oosin g varieties fo r the hom e
to the soil.
cow s and selectin g only the best.
SPRAY NOW FOR CURRANT
“ On soils that are p oo rly drained orch ard there are several points to be
HOM E M AD E APPAR ATU S FOR
kept
in m ind.
First, o n ly varieties
and acid, ashes have an excellen t e f­
W ORM
T E S T IN G S E E D C O R N
fect. T he land becom es m ore am en ­ w hich are liked by the fa m ily should
es
t
E
STIN
G seed corn m ay be done able to culture, is readily kept in good be
selected.
P ersonal
p referen ce
O W is the tim e to spray fo r the
SB
wi
n th ou t expense by using m a ­ tilth, retaining its m oisture in d ry sea­ should m ean v ery m u ch in ch oosin g
green cu rran t w o rm ,” says A.
terial ab ou t the p lace and w o rk ­ sons and fa v o rin g drainage in wet varieties fo r the hom e orch ard. S ec­
L. L ovett, cro p expert at the
seasons.
O regon A g ricu ltu ral college.
T he ing at odd m om ents.
ond, varieties should be so selected
A
ny
sh allow box o f the size w anted
adult insects are busy in the field at
“ Lim e is essential to plant nutrition, that they w ou ld furnish fru it th rou g h ­
this tim e depositing eggs in the leaves. will do. Shave sides and ends down and none o f the high er plants can out the entire year. T hird, varieties
I f lead arsenate spray is used in the until they are about tw o inches above reach m aturity w ithout a norm al su p ­ m ay p rofita b ly be chosen even though
near future the you n g w orm s will d e­ the bottom . Fill near to the top with ply.
Som e o f these plants, such as they do n ot g row to the highest de­
v ou r poison with their first meal. In clean sand. M easure both sides and clover, beans and alfalfa, require so g ree o f com m ercia l perfection . Som e
this way later injury by the m ature both ends into tw o-in ch spaces, d riv ­ m u ch lim e fo r their develop m en t that varieties do not com e up to the c o m ­
w orm s will* be m inim ized. W h e re un­ ing tacks about h a lf w ay dow n on the they are called Mime plants.’
T he m ercial standard o f color, size, and
L ace twine strin gs between potash and p h osp h orou s are likew ise yet, because o f their eating o r c o o k ­
ch e ck e d the w orm s often strip the m arks.
leaves o f the currant and gooseberry each pair o f tacks, both crossw ise and indispensible to plant grow th , ajid ing qualities, are very d esirable fo r
le t t e r them A, B, C ashes o ffe r a cheap and convenien t the fa m ily orch a rd .”
bushes at ab ou t the tim e the fru it is lengthw ise.
ripen ing. T he ad vantage o f spraying alon g the end and num ber them 1, 2, 3 sou rce o f su pp ly .”
early is apparent. It takes less poison alon g the side.
D R A IN A G E A R E M E D Y
Take on e grain o f corn from the B E E F C A T T L E N O T W O R T H
to kill the sm all fo rm s and d iscoloring
F O R A L K A L I IN SO ILS
F E E D ON S M A L L F A R M
the m ature fru it with a later spray third row from the butt o f the ear,
R evolve the ear a little and rem ove
m ay be avoided.
iFIAT b e e f cattle on the sm all farm
J / q î
drainage prevents alkali
“ T he adult cu rran t w orm is a sow fly an oth er o n e -fifth o f the rem aining
will m ake bu t a sm all p rofit. If
r O ) in solls from com in g to the
— D iphoduu s appendiculatus. Hartlg. distance to the tip. and so on until six
any at all, is the b elief o f P r o ­
su rface, drainage is the m ost
T he fem ale so w fly deposits eggs be grains are taken. Put them in square fessor E. B. Fitts, extension livestock su ccessful m eth od o f recla im in g alkali
tween the tw o su rfaces o f the leaf. A 1, and num ber the ear A 1. Treat m an at O. A. C. It is advisable to soils,” said M. A. M cCall, farm as­
T hese eggs hatch Into sm all green an oth er ear in the sam e way, num ­ turn o f f the b eef early, since b e e f is sistant o f K lam ath cou n ty in address­
w orm s with a black head m uch too bering it A 2, until you have enou gh to p rod u ced m ore cheap ly du rin g the ing the O. A. C. extension course at
largo fo r the body. These w orm s feed p rovide on e ear fo r each acre to be first two years o f the an im al’s life K lam ath Falls. “ Indeed it is com in g
g reedily on the leaves o f the currant planted, w ith a few extra fo r bad ears. than at any time afterw ards.
to be generally recogn ized that land
C over the box with a p iece o f cloth,
and gooseberry. T hey m ature in late
“ T here is no p rofit in feed in g beef that is badly alkaline can n ot be w h olly
May. o ccu rrin g at this time as velvety press it d ow n over the corn and sp rin­ cattle fo r the additional flesh that reclaim ed by any oth er means. I f the
green w orm s about o n e -h a lf inch in kle sand or saw dust ov er it to keep it they put on.
T h e hay that a beef w ater that holds alkali in solution is
length. T he m ature w orm s spin sm all m oist. N ow put the box aw ay where eats in a day is w orth m ore than the allow ed to stand and evap ora te on the
it will be kept at ab ou t house tem ­
brow n capsule like c o o co o n s in th
b e e f it m akes.
T he only advantage field, the alkali is bound to be de­
E xam ine by
pollen leaves and trash at the su r­ perature fo r a week.
in feed in g is to give a high finish that posited.
fa ce o f the ground. A second genera rolling back one edge o f the cloth , and w ill com m an d top prices.
‘ T here are other things, how ever,
tlon o f adufts em erge in a few days unless the seedlings are appearing,
“ T h e beef anim al is not so p ro fit­ that will help. M anure p rop erly ad ­
and d eposit eggs fo r a sum m er g e n ­ g ood and stron g in each square, reject able as the dairy cow or as pigs and
ded to the soil w ill tend to neutralize
the ear w ith the corresp on d in g n u m ­
eration o f worms.
W hen b e e f is produced, the the alkali and land plaster will chan ge
ber.
T he squares with six stron g sheep.
“ Spray the fo lia g e with lead arsen
p
rod
u
cers
should
breed
a
lon
g
beef
black alkali to white, a less h a rm fu l
ate at the rate o f on e pound o f arsen­ plants are filled from the best ear
lines. T he D urham and H ereford g e n ­ form .
fo r seed.
ate to IS gallons o g water. ( I f pow
“ A ir circu la tin g freely in the soil
T here are m any g ood ways, but this erally stand at the head o f the beef
dered arsenate Is used, dilute 1-30».
breeds, but the G allow ay and A ngus will render the alkali less harm ful.
T his solution should be applied as is quite satisfa ctory on the farm . It
are also g ood b e e f anim als.”
T h erefore, the addition o f any o r­
soon as the berries are set.
Botn is the m eth od used at the O regon
gan ic m atter that will open up the
g ooseberry and currant bushes should agricu ltu ral college.
P L A N T IN G F A M IL Y O R C H A R D .
soil will be beneficial. T his m atter,
be treated.”
BBÎ7
n
starting
a
fa
m
ily
orch
ard
X
w
hether m anure o r straw, should be
T E S T IN G B R E D C O R N
hope that you w ill put out what well disked into the g rou n d .”
H
ap p arai needed to test
h E
e only
oni
N A T IV E P L A N T S BENT
m ay be called an ideal fa m ily
by the rag doll m ethod
seed corn
c<
or ch a r d .” said P rofessor C. I. Lewis,
B fifn lA R M E R S could often im prove
are a strip o f w hite cloth a foot
Ir
their
ground
by
planting wide and three to fiv e feet long, a p en ­ horticu ltu rist o f the O regon A g ricu l­
“ I am sure that we
“
sh ru bbery that appears to be cil and a rule. T he d o t h Is m arked tural C ollege.
at hom e am ong its su rroun din gs," o ff in tw o equal parts by a fin e line can learn a very p rofitable lesson from
past
experiences
with fam ily orch ards
says P rof. A. L. P eck in the O regon draw n lengthw ise through the center.
C oun trym an published by the a g ricu l­ A row o f three inch squares is then in this state. F or one thing we have
tural students at Corvalia.
"A n d m ade on each side o f the center line, learned that the average fa m ily o r c h ­
what can seem m ore at hom e than leaving about a fo o t at each end o f ard is too large, and that it is p oorly
sh ru bs and trees that g ro w wild in the strip fo r rolling.
T he left hand cared fo r and prod uces m ore fruit
the district. F ew o f our p eop le realize squares are num bered 1, 2, 3, 5, etc., than can be used by the fam ily, b e­
that we have here in O regon a num ber and the righ t hand squares 2. 4, 6. cause It is often o f very in ferior qual-
Rr.
o f native plants that are very valuable etc.
“ O rchards o f this kind are often r e ­
fo r ornam ental use.
Eastern p eople
Six grains o f corn are then rem oved
kn ow it, and nursery catalogs list from d ifferen t row s on an ear to be garded as a m enace to the fruit In­
w h o depend upon
m any w ell know n and often Uaor tested, and placed in square 1. T he dustry by those
ou g h ly despised O regon species. It is ear is put aside. No. 1 also. E ach ear fru it g row in g as a livelihood. T hey
to be regretted that w hile distant p eo­ to be tested is treated in like m anner, have caused m uch discussion co n c e r n ­
ple see the beauty In ou r native ma until etther the space o r the seed in g en forcem en t o f inspection laws. 1
terial ou r ow n p eople m ust send to is exhnusted. T he strip is then rolled believ e that We can establish family
C a lifo rn ia o r C hile or Australia fo r up from on e end and tied near the orch a rd s m u ch better than any we
•om e od d outsider to plant on their m iddle. It is next stood in a pail o f now have. In fa ct this is necessary. Sold E xclu sively
grou n d s W h y is it that m any p re fer an slightly w arm ed w ater fo r about a Borne persons have gone go fa r as to in O regon and
ap p aren tly d yin g palm o r a m onkey day. when the water is poured o f f and
that the day o f the fa m ily orch ard W ashington by
puzzle o r a fe a rfu lly distorted and the pail c ov ered to keep the m oisture Is about past. Unless m en w h o have
w eep in g ash o r w illow to a neat, well in. T he d oll is kept at ab ou t house these orch ard* in charge take better
g ro w n and th rifty specim en that looks tem peratu re fo r fiv e to seven days, ca re o f them t h fy w ill be legislated
at h o m e ? T hey are m aking sad m is­ when It m ay be un rolled and the corn ou t o f existence.
T his w ou ld be a
tak es In c o lle ctin g m aterials that a l­ exam ined. C are is required in hand­ great m isfortu ne and we cann ot a f­
w ays a p p ear h a lf starved, hom esick, ling to keep the grains in their own fo r d to prevent the grow ing o f h om e
c rip p le d and
freakish. Instead o f spaces.
orch a rd s on O regon farm s. T her# are
p lan tin g m aterials
that
harm onise
T his Is a very e ffe ctiv e and sim ple few things Indeed that contribute sr. I 161-163 4th 8t.
w ith ou r natural plantings ta this big m eans o f testing c o m . ond is used by m u ch to the d eligh ts o f fa rm life a* ( Portland Ore
co u n try o f o u rs.“
the extension ag ron om ists o f the the hom e orch ard.
W
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