SOME STRANGE FOODS.
Wie Opposite Tauten of IVopln Uvlng; In
IHUerent Parts of t Mo (llobr.
iho old saying tnnt wnnt is ono
tnnn's meat is anothor man's poison i
realized in tho opposito tastes of peo
ple. Tho Turks shudder at tho thought
of eating oysters. Tho Digger Indians
of tho Pacific Coast rojolced in the
great locust swnrras of 1875 as a dis
pensation of tho Great Spirit, and laid
in a store of dried locust powder sullU
cicnt to last them for several years,
Tho French will cat frogs, snails and
tho diseased livers of geese, but draw
tho lino at alligators. Buckland do
Clares tho tasto of boa constrictors to
bo good and much like veal. Quass,
tho fermented cnbbage-wator of the
Russians, is their popular tlpplo. It is
described as resembling a mixturo of
Btalo fish and soapsuds in tasto, yot,
next to beer, it has moro votaries than
any other fermented bovcrngo. A
tallow candlo washed down with quass
lorms a meal that it would bo hnrd to
bo thankful for.
In Canton and othor Chlncso citios
rats aro sold at tho rate of fifty conts a
dozen, and tho hindquarters of tho dog
nro hung up in tho butchers' shop
alongside of mutton and lamb, but
command a higher prico. Tho ediblo
birds' nest of tho Chineso nro worth
twice their weight in bUvor, tho finest
varioty soiling for as much as thirty
dollars a pound. The negroes of tho
West Indies eat bnked snakes and palm
worms fried in fat, but they can not bo
induced to eat stowed rabbits. In
Moxlco parrots aro oaton, but they aro
rather tough. Tho Gauchos of the
-Argentine Republic nro in tho habit of
hunting skunks for tho sako of their
iflosh. Tho octopus, or devil fish, when
boilod and then roasted, is eaten in
Corsica and esteemed a delicacy. In
tho Pacific Islands and West Indies
-lizard eggs aro eaten with gusto.
Iho natives of tho Antilles oat alii
'gator eggs, and tho eggs of tho turtlo
aro popular everywhere though up to
tho commencement of tho last contury
turtlo was only oaton by tho poor of
Jamaica. Ants aro oaten by various
nations. In Brazil thoy aro sorvod
with a resinous sauco, and in Africa
thoy are stowed in grease or butter.
Iho Last Indians catch thorn in pits
and carefully wash them in handfuls
liko raisins. In Sinm a curry of ant
eggs Is a costly luxury. Tho Clngnleso
cat tho bees after robbing thorn of their
honoy. Caterpillars and spiders nro
dainties to tho African bushman. Aftor
thoy havo wound tho silk from tho eo
coon, tho Chineso eat tho chrysalis of
tho silkworm, bpidors roasted aro a
sort of dessert with tho New Calo
donlans. Dr. Footc'a Health Monthly
MOTHER LATTURELLE.
A St. I'aul Woman Who Work for Her
Dully IlrouJ ut 113.
Living in tho City of St. Paul. Minn,
10-uay is vnarioiio J..ailurollo, a
Fronch-Cauadlan womon.who was born
In 177C, or 112 years ago. Sho oo-
cupios a small house at 38!) Broadway,
pays $1 rent per month for same, and
Xor tho p..st fifty years has supported
horsolf by making and soiling mats,
which business sho still continues. Sho
camo to St. Paul In 1835. or fifty-three
yoars ago, and describes tho placo at
that time as an Indian village. Thou
not a houso was vhlblo. Largo olm
troos grow upon th bottoms near tho
rlvor.whilo whoro tho city now is wore
running streams, ravines, lakos bub
bllng brookn and a thick growth of
troos and underbrush. Indian wigwams
wore tho only ovliloncos of life, and
tho whoops of tho savages echoed
through tho forest. Sho has lived to
boo tho plnoo grow to a olty of upward
of 'JOD.OJO Inhabitants, and yot sho If
moro of a stranger now than sho was
in 1835. Her first husbaud was a mu-
Blolan that Is, a fiddler who died
yoars ago. I lor socond husband is
now otghty-llvo yoars old, and Is well
off, residing in Orogon, but from some
oauso or other sho will not llvo with
him, but prefers to support horsolf.
Sho was there at tho first treaty with
tho Indians (1837), so ono can form
Bomo idea of hot groat ago. I lor
mother lived to tho remarkable period
of ono hundred and twenty yoars. llor
hearing Is quite defective.
Mrs. Latturello Is a tall woman, with
n good head of hair, though white,
with a prominent uoso, a bright, pen
otratlng eye, having never used
glasses, and her vision is so keen slw
can see across tho river. Sho has a
quick, active movement, stands oroct,
und when in conversation her face,
though wrinklod, Is very expressive.
llor upper tooth' aro gone, and sho has
u few straggling lower ones. Sho had
two sonr. in tho Union army, but both
uro still living. Sho novor had a dol
lar to do with, but has tugged and
tolled, and is now tugging and toiling,
waiting for iho ferryman to row her
ueross tho river Into tho bettor land.
St. Louis Ulobv-Deutocrat.
New Household Motto.
Sho was a girl who had been ou
traged two or three times. Sho hud
oiio through all tho trouble attendant
on being interrupted by her llttlo
brother and sister and tho old folk?
during tho toto-a-totes. lor a long
time she had boon at work on a piece
of ombroldory of such a sacred and
noorot iiaiuro inai sue lociced it up
from all eyes, and only worked on It
whon sho was quite alone. Frequent
ly they had tried to find out, but what
lit was thoy0 could not discover. Ono
evening when tho girl and her beau
woro in tho parlor, tho mother, stop
ping softly along tho passage toward
tho door, was brought to a standstill
by mi elegantly embroidered motto
Uianglng on tho wall. It road: "Cough
ileva." tfieo and Ltathcr Jlcview.
BUSINESS METHODS.
The Need and Value of Them oil tlio Farm
ami In thi) Holing
"Probably no occupation in which
men aro engaged is carried out with sc
llttlo regard to business rules as that
of farming, and yet no occupation calls
for a moro rigid adhorenco to those
principle! which underlie all business
transactions. Tho farmer requires a
moro dlvorslfifM education a knowl
edge of a greater variety of subjects
thnn any of tho so-called learned pro
fessions. Tho man who knows only how to
turn a good furrow, fit tho soil for tho
seed, check tho growth of weeds and
promoto tho growth of tho plant, has
not mastered tho art of successful
farming, nor has tho man who knows
only how to rear fino horses, sheep,
cattle, or fat swine, or how to fertilize
his Holds to tho best advantage, raise
the best corn or potatoes, tho highest
yield of oats and barley. Tho man to
day who really makes a success as
farmer must corablno all thoso ole
ments of knowledgo and many more
It used to bo said that any fool could
bo a farmer, but at tho present day
people begin to reallzo tho fact that
tho farmer requires tho most versatile
education.
Tho time has gono by when tho hap
hazard, slip-shod, go-as-you-pleaso
methods of farming can bo made to pay
Agriculture lias bocomo recognized as
a acionco. Millions of acres of virgin
soil in all our Statos and Torrltorle
havo beon opened up to tho plow, and
their surplus products aro forced upon
tho markets of tho world. Iho prod
nets of tho cheap labor of forolgn
countrlos aro also emptied into our
midst to glut our markets. Tho farmor
upon tho worn soils of tho older States
must look closely to tho dotalls of their
business or go to tho wall.
w tint would Do ttiougnt or tlio mor-
chant who would soli goods from his
counter without knowing their cost?
What would bo thought of tho manu
facturor, who did not know, to tho frac
tion or a cent, tno cost or tho raw ma
terial and labor put into a yard of cloth?
And yot how many farmers can toll tho
cost of a pound of buttor or pork,
bushol of potatoes or corn, or a ton of
hayP Thoy sell their products for what
thoy can got offered, not knowing
whether thoy aro making or losing
What is tho romedy? Whon farmors
come to realize that farming is a busi
ness as much as manufacturing or bank
ing, or buying and selling goods, and
by careful keeping of accounts with
ovory branch of their operations learn
to figure tho cost of every article thoy
produce, then a successful beginning
will havo boon made. Lot thorn koop
debit and credit with ovory acre of corn,
potatoes, beans or grain. Charge oach
acre with tho intorost on its valuo, the
probable amount of fertilizing material
used by tho crop, tho cost of labor In
Its caro. Credit It with the market
valuo of tho crop producod. The dif
ference botwoon tho two will represent
tho profit or loss.
A Uko account should bo kopt with
tho herd of cows, or, bettor, It practica
ble, with each ono separately. If any
ono of tho herd entails a loss upon you,
dispose of her. Keep a strict account
with the orchard, if you havo ono, and
if you havo not, sot out ono at onco il
you have a suitable location. Debit it
with tho labor employed In its caro, the
harvesting of Its fruit, and tho dressing
used upon It. Credit it with tho value
of Its goldon products, and loarn from
tho balance on the right side of the
ledger that it Is one of your best friends.
Having learned to calculate the cost
of tho product of tho farm, tho noxt
business requisite is to know how tc
sell tho surplus. Make a study of tho
markets, and learn for yourselves the
prices of thoso tilings you wish to sell.
If you can not fix your own price you
can at least prevent being tauen ad
vantage of by unscrupulous traders. II
the market price on an article is to-day
below what It costs you to produoo It,
then calculate from all tho Information
within your reach what tho prospects
for tho future may be. Askyourselvea
thoso questions; What is the visible
supply and what tho probable demand?
How much of this product havo other
countries to pour Into our markets?
How much will tho article I wish to
sell shrink or deteriorate by keeping?
Kxerciso your reason and bring to beat
upon tlio subject your best business
faculties, and then decide whether the
prospect Is bettor to wait or sell now
lo sum up In a word, iho success
ful farmer must know how to raise
good crops, know their exact cost, how
ami wnen to sen. lie must over be on
the alert for every lota of information
that pertains to hlscalllng. H. U. Bur
row, m tl. Jaui uiouc.
Tempering Steel by Electricity.
Klectrlclty has been successfully ap
piled for tempering watch-springs and
othor forms of spring stool, whether in
the form of ribbon or wire. Tho stool
is wound on a fpool, whence it passes
down through a bath of oil. An elec
tric current is sent through tho wire, of
such strength as to keep it at tho proper
redness to answer the desired require
ments of temper. As tho heating is not
done in contact with tho air, but is en
tirely beneath tho surface of tho oil,
thoro is no trouble from bllstoriug. as
in tho ordinary methods. Tho final
temper is drawn in tho same manner,
and the wire or ribbon is finished by
means of mils. Tho process is also ap
plied to a number of springs besides
thoso for watches, including plano-
wlros. In all cases tho process can be
controlled to a nicety, both as to the
exact temper and its uniformity through
tho wire actcnee.
Tho oldeot and largest troo in the
world Is n chestnut near the foot ol
Mount illtnn. Tlio olroumforouuo oi
the main trunk is '.'1'.' feet.
I, I 1 111 IWIM MIIMi WiMIM ll WIMaillinm lllW MftMilTl
THE HEBREW LAWS.
How Thor Aro Prepared, Consecrated
ami Preserved hf Orthodox .lows.
An additional roll of tho "law" is
brought out from the ark in the syn
ngogue for tho Jewish new year in
stead of ono alono being used as for
ordinary service. Somo precise facts
on the subject of theso manuscript
"coming from the autograph of Moses1
wero communicated to tho editor of
tho American Hebrew. "A festival,'
ho said, "is hold on tho consecration
of a scroll (scfer). which is always on
parchment specially prepared. Great
caro is taken that this may not bo deso
crated in any manner, as from touch
ing tho iloor or wall boforo being sot
in tho ark.
"The roll is loft unfinished until tho
limo of consecration, when tho final
words of tho law areadded. Tho prlv
llego or completing tho work is pur
chased, and tho writing is finished bv
the ono who pays if he is qualified for
tho task. Otherwise tho scribe (sofer)
must do it for him.
"ino original is rollowcu In all ro
spools in thoso manuscripts. Tho wholo
runs along without punctuation, and
with neither ncconts nor divisions into
books, chapters, and versos. A hiatus
in tho early form appears in ovory
copy. Tho samo is truo of all inter
linear insertions. A lino invariably
ends with a comploto word, so that tho
scribe must bo skilled in thopractico of
driving out a word in ono placo or
crowding In at another. Tho cdst of
ono of theso rolls Is $-100 or $500.
"In tho printed Hebrew, when tho
work is In strictly literary character of
high grade, tho vowol points aro not
used. It is chiefly in ordinary reading
for tho multitude that these aro intro
duced.
"J ho scrolls nro mounted on two
rolls of wood, so nrranged that as ono
Is unrollod tho othor is rolled. Tho
end-piece Into which tho rolls aro sot,
Is adorned with two tower-shaped orna
ments of silver, with small silver bolls
In connection. A silver hand, which
is added, is used by tho reader in trac
ing tho linos. Tho rolls aro bound with
a woolen band, and nirthor covered
with a wrapping in silk when returned
to the ark. On tho Yom Hazlkorom,
tho day of remembrance, or new year,
tho reader uses two of tho rolls, as is
done on other holidays and on tho Sab
bath in now moon. From one of theso
tho concluding section only of tho por
tion of tlio law for tho day is read.
Tho Chincso-Jewish manuscripts,
which aro brought from Kai-fung-foo,
and of which a portion has passed into
tho possession of tho London Jews' So
cloty, with tho remainder distributed
botwoon tho British Museum, tho Bod
leian Library, and that of Cambridgo,
is receiving attention from literary He-
brows. It will bo scon from doscrip
tions of those Eastorn productions that
tho rolls of tho law aro in gonoral cor
respondence, whatever may bo their
origin. N. Y. Telegram.
PHILOSOPHY OF COLDS.
A Normal Condition of tlio Skin the Chief
Protection Acalnst Thorn.
Says Prof. Woodbury, of tho Modl&o-
Chlrurgical Collogo of Philadelphia:
If thoro is any thing calculated to tako
all tho brightness out of tho sunshino,
all tho savor out of our food, and all
tho sweotnoss out of our life, it is a cold
n tho head." Ho presonts somo
thoughts In its philosophy, tho sub
stance of which may intorost tho
mighty host of sulTorors.
In ovory caso there aro two factors,
an irritant and a suscoptibillty of tho
system. Among tho irritants aro micro
scopic gorms talcon In from without, as
n inlluenza, and certain poisons which
aro dovolopod from bad nutrition or
mporfect assimilation within tho body,
and which It is tho ollleo of tho llvor to
destroy. Indeed, tho effects of tho two
causes aro ossentially the same, for tho
gorms act by generating certain vio
lent poisons, which irritato tho mucous
mouibrano of tho nostrils, pharynx,
lungs, stomach or bowels.
s to susceptibility to colds, a healthy
body, under ordinary circumstances,
has very llttlo of It. But sudden cli
matic changes may induce it. Ilorsos,
orougni irom mo n osi, ouon navo a
discharge from tho nostrils which lasts
about six months. A ship's crew who
had beon perfectly healthy while ab
sent several months on tho Alaska
const, wero all, on their return, taken
down with a cold in tho head. Of an
audlonco going out into a bleak atmos
pnere irom a close, warm room, a cor-
tain portion will tako cold. Thoso
havo yio requisite suscoptibillty; tho
rest aro happily free from It. In all
cases of thlsspecial suscoptibillty thoro
is a lowering of tho nutrition, a certain
depraved or depressed condition. The
luxurious and indolent aro as liable to
it as tho poor, and those whoso sur
roundings aro bad.
A normal condition of tho skin is tho
chief protection against a cold. Three
fourths of tho sutferers from catarrhal
pneumonia or chronic bronchitis aro
found to bo in the habit of neglecting
the sklu. Their skin has become de
graded, and Is no longer a protoetlvo
covering for tlio body. Tho skin needs
to be hardened by the uso of tho flesh
brush, the cold douche, tho air bath,
and by frequent change of undercloth
ing. Active exercise needs to be
addo'l, to keep the tissues from clog
ging. Tho time to cure the patient is
Wforohogots tQi cold. Youth's Com-
jHiinon.
m M
A now Idea in tricycling has beon
invented byan Englishman who has lieon
trnvollng with his wife through Franco
on a mnuuino lilted with a bamboo
mast on which a will can bo hoisted.
i'lio wind has t-omotlmos kept him
moving, uvttii on up-grudos, without
Ubiuc the pouuU
AN INGENIOUS CONVICT.
The Wonderful Piece of Mechanism II
Turned Out of a Hoard.
A row days after Charles Iry was
sent to tho local jail ho found a piece
of board in tho yard and took it to his
coll. At tho tlmo ho Intended to whittle
out a fow small trinkets, but decided to
make an effort and whittle something
of which ho would bo proud. The
board was of whlto plno, three feot six
inches long, twelve inches widO and
two inches thick.
Fry is a ship-carpenter by trade and
understands tho nature of wood and
what can bo done with it under the
circumstances. He had no tools, und
nil ho possessed that would cut was a
small wooden-handled knlfo. Knowing
that this would not perform tho task he
had set beforo him, he toro a steel
shank from an old shoo, wrapped u
wooden handlo about it, sharpened it
and began to look for something elso.
There was an old worn-out mop in the
jail, and from this he cut a pieco of
one-quarter inch wire. Ho put a handle
on it, woro it down to tho thinness of a
blade, and a fow days later ho found
tho rib of an umbrella, which ho fixed
In tho samo way.
Being now fully prepared, ho began
tho task of turning out what ho had
pictured in his mind. Ho worked
mostly at night, and often remained at
his work until throe o'clock in the
morning. While at work ho shunned
tho other prisoners and did not lot
them know what was going on in his
cell until a fow weeks ago, when he
omcrged with the work of art on which
ho had spent all his time and onorgies
for throo months. Looking at tho pro
duction as it hangs between two colls,
ono can hardly bollevo that from tho
small pleco of board only two inches
thick and thrco and a half feet long
such a chain of connected links and
swivols could bo wrought. It Is an
endless chain of 234 links, thirteen
swivels or rovolving links, two pairs of
clasped hands, and six carvings which
explain themselves to tho observer,
Tho Liberty Bell, as truo a ropreson
tation as a picture, is four and a half
inches high and fivo and a half inches
across tlio rim, and has tho crack
lottering and tongue and all elso bo
longing to tho beloved rovolutionai
relic. Iry has pictured it as it stood
on exhibition at tlio World's tair i
Now Orloans in 1881, whon a new beam
had been givon it and while it was
garlanded with a living wreath oi
green. Instead of tho green leaves h
has made a chain of wooden links
which coll gracefully around tho bell
and add a feature to tho marvolou
pieco of work. Tho boll seems fas
toned to tho beam with wooden
stirrups, but thoy aro a part of tho boll
and beam, and tho screw, nuts and
bolts aro given In perfect exactness to
tho original. Tho beam is hold to the
chain by two hands, beautifully carved
and reprcsont, as Fry says: "The
North and South upholding tholr united
liberty." Above this again aro clasped
hands similarly carved, which Iry say
Is tho North and South, and is meant
as an omblom or poaco." All these
carvings aro connected to tho chain by
swivols, a most difficult pieco of carv
ing in wood, ovon with tho latest 1m
proved machinory, but of theso the
prisoner has made thirteen, and all ol
them wero mado with tho rib of an
umbrella.
Following tho chain from tho south
sido to the boll, tho first carving mot
is a bronzo gothic pillar on which is
carved "In God Wo Trust." Next is a
Chineso tower, on tho cornor of which
aro four pillars, and insido theso nil
lars Is a ball of wood, too largo to be
taken out or put in without breaking
ono of tho confining pillars.
This is whoro I began tho task,'
said Fry, as ho pointed to a decorated
block on which nro carvod in raised
lottdrs, blackened at tho top, "St.
j.outs .lull, Juno 4," oacn word ana
figure being on a sido.
Tho most amusing pieco follows, and
is a square block, on ono sido of which
is a harp of Erin, and in a corner th
first two notos of "Como Mack to
Erin." On tho othor three sides are
respectively an Irish ling, with a sun
burst, a round tower painted green
and a spray of shamrock.
Noxt In order and tho best finished
of all the carvings, is a scroll headed,
"Tho Emancipation," and at tho end
of tho scroll aro a pair of shackles, the
ring of which aro brokon, and, as the
carver says, "Tho Slavo is Sot Frco.'"
St. Louis Globe-Democrat.
Fishing by Electricity.
Thoro aro flshormon on tho coast ol
Maine who aro now fishing by olootrle
lights." A Fulton markot fish dealoi
was talking about his business to a re
porter. "This is not a now doparturo,"
ho continued, "but now ways of utiliz
ing tho lights havo beon discovered.
The old way was to plungo an incan
descent lamp Into tho water, tho couo
nection being mado with somo source
of electricity on board tho fishing
vessel. Whon this was used in deep
sea fishing it was found that tho mains
to the lamp often got foul of tho fish
ing tackle or the cable of tho vessel,
thereby destroying its usofulnoss. A
Frenchman has surmounted tho dltll-
cult) by adopting a lamp worked by n
primary battery, tho whole of which
can bo thrown overboard and regained
when the trip is ended. Tho battery
consists of six Buusen colls, in which,
however, chromic acid Is placed instead
of nitric acid, formerly used. ThocelU
aro connected in tension with a twelve-
volt Edison lamp. The success of the
experiments lately had presages the
general adoption by our coast fisher
men of this now discovery." .V 1'
Tcliyram
POT-HOUSE POLITICS.
The Character of theTlilnf KiiRBfjod In
Kxpnnndlnj; Its Merit.
As a general thing tho bar-room
politician is not attractive personally.
Ho rarely pays much attention to his
clothing'or his general make-up, bo
causo his time is completely absorbed
with matters of great political import.
Ho is kopt so busy saving tho country
that ho has no time or energy to waste
in removing grease spots on his rai
ment or in manipulating a clothes
brush. The blush on his cheek is not
caused by his glowing with heaven
born enthusiasm for the just cause of
tho people, nor by tho ruddy Into of
robust health, but may safely be at
tributed toan inferior brand of whisky.
Tho average pot-houso mogul of small
cnllber is tho victim of many strange
hallucinations. One of his pet delu
sions is that he is indispensable, no
harbors an undefined sort of suspicion
that tlio continuance of the planetary
system, somehow or other, rests on
him. As for tho political party to
which ho claims to belong, or rather
which ho imagines belongs to him, ho
is perfectly sum that but for his sago
counsel it would fall to pieces and re
solve itself Into chaos. It is almost
impossiblo for tho small-bore dema
gogue to bellovo that his party could
survive a singlo enmpaign in caso he
should pay the dobt of naturo tho
only dobt, by the way, which ho over
does pay.
Instead of being a modern Atlas with
tho wholo world on his shoulders, ho
himself is a burden griovous to be
borne. He wanders around, nover al
lowing himself to stray far away from
the saloons, liko an evil spirit seeking
rest and finding none, and allowing no
body elso to find any, cither. Ho will
halt gentlemen on tho public highways,
and unless thoy seek safety in flight,
ho will inflict on such victims, In a
whisky-laden whisper, wholo libraries
of stale political lore and decayed cam
paign rubbish.
In regard to tho actual services ho
renders his party there will always bo
anhonostdllTeronce of opinion. There
is good reason to bolievo that this pos
tulant for pap does more to cause tho
respectable element of his party to go
over to tho opposition than all tho other
causes put together. Tho shrowder
politicians and office-seekers percoivo
that the unsavory but enthusiastic dem
agogue is in reality a dangerous Jonah,
who should bo promptly inserted into
tho raging main if the ship is to bo
saved, and thoy often do throw him
overboard; but ho always bobs soronely
up and swims to shore, or is picked up
by tho rival craft.
Occasionally thosmall-boro politician
gets into power and sticks with tho
pertinacity of a postage stamp in a
pocket-book on a damp day. Tho tax
payers discover that they aro being
robbed by a sot of famished cormorants.
Thon it is that the man whoso property
is being sold for taxes lifts his voico
and a robolllous hoof and rails at tho
small-boro domagoguo. An independ
ent tidal wave sweops over tho neigh
borhood, and tho small-boro demagogue
and his friends aro left high and dry
when tho waters recede.
This stylo of politician provails, in a
moro or less malignant typo, from
Maino to tho Rio Grande, and infests
every political party. lexas bijlmgs.
VILLAGES OF RUSSIA.
The
Deplorable Condition or Sixty MII
floiiH of Ignorant Peasants.
Tho idea of GO, 000,000 of people be
ing constantly upon tlio vorgoof starva
tion is a startling ono, yet thoro does
not seem to bo any reason to doubt tho
truth of tho author's statement. The
peasants are frightfully ignorant, and
thoir mirs mako them, to a certain ox-
tont, sollish. Thoso mirs aro village
governments, each ono independent of
tho other, and each peasant, whilo
bound for life to his mir, has no ties
connecting him with any other village.
Nor havo tho mirs any connecting links.
To all Intents and purposes the mirs in
Kussia are independent Statos, with
nothingin common buttho Government
tax gatherer. It is this fact that has
boon tho safety of tho Russian autoc
racy, for woro a concorted movement
to como tho General Government of tho
country would go down boforo it as
would a pilo of sand before a breaking
dam. In fact, tlio authority of the
Czar to-day rests upon two things tho
Ignorance of tho poasantry and their
lack of organization.
It is a question, however, of great
intorost how long this stato of things
will last. If, as Stcpnlnk says, tho
majority of thoso peasants aro in want
nil tho timo, If thoy absolutely havo
not enough to oat for tho largor part of
tho year, a tlmo will oomo whon thoy
will move. Thoy may bo ignorant, but
no man is so ignorant that ho can not
toll the difforoneo between hunger nn
repletion. When tho misery becomes
widespread enough, whon tho tooth of
starvation presses down hard enough,
something will happon. Tho history
of the world has shown often that
under cortain conditions In soclotv a
spark Is only needed sot firo to the
train. It might begin in Hussln with
knocking down a tax gatherer. And
when it does begin tho result will bo
fearful. Tho atrocities of tho French
revolution would cease to bo talked of,
for thoso in Russia will cast thorn into
the shade. As tho Russian Czars and
oblltty have sown so shall thev reap.
Of course thoro will bo great wrongs
ono; or eourso tho persons who have
brought it about will escape, for In tho
vengeance of races tho innocent sillier
for tho guilty. Tho sins of tho fathers
ill be vUltod upon tho children. And
who shall say, wheu tho?e bias are cou
riered, that this will bouujusL Our.
rctst Literature
BEST-" TIMES TO PLOW.
Bales Applicable to Various Portions ot
tho United State.
No general rule can bo given on this
matter that will bo applicablo to all
parts of tlio country and to all kinds
of land. It is generally agreed that
tho proper tlmo to break pralrlo sod is
in tho early part of tho summer. Tho
roots of wild grass can bo cut tho
easiest at that tlmo and tho sod rots
moro quickly than if turned in tho fall
or spring. Most farmers of long ex
perience advocate fall breaking for
land that was seeded to timothy and
clover and has produced a crop of hay
for several years. They hold that
many of tho grass roots aro dead and
that' their decay will bo hastened if
tho sod is inverted and tho green grass
bo mixed with them. By turning such
a sod in tho fall it will become warm
before planting timo in tho spring. If
tho soil is largely composed of clay the
alternate freezing and thawing will
greatly benefit it. It is best to plow
such iands boforo heavy frosts occur
that will kill tho grass. If tho land is
to be planted to corn it will bo neces
sary to pulvcrizo tho surface with a
harrow, but tlio soil which is a fow
inches below will bo in a looso condi
tion on account of tho roots and follago
of grnss which it contains.
If tho sod is tender, however, being
composed chiefly of tho roots of clover
and timothy, it will bo best to defer
plowing till a fow days bofore planting
corn. A sod of this kind rots very
rapidly and tho clover and grass, which
will bo several inches high, will bo of
great value in producing a crop of
corn. Tho plowing mut bo so well
dono as to cover every stick and leaf
and thus Insure their decay. It is bet
ter to plow hill-sides in tho spring, as
washing during tho winter is prevent
ed. In tho East, whoro tho farms aro
generally small, tho plowing can all bo
dono at tho timo that experience shows
to bo tho best for insuring the largest
crop. In tho West, howovor, most
farmors find that they must employ
most of their time in plowing from tho
closo of tho harvest till tho season of
planting, stopping only'whilo tho frost
renders work impossiblo. If they do
but little plowing In tho fall thoy will
havo but a fow acres to plant and sow,
as tho springs aro gonorally unfavora
ble for working tho soil. Chicago
'Times.
HINTS ON VENTILATION.
Several Methods of Seourhif- Good Air In
.Sleeping Itooms.
In ventilating say a bed-room by
means of tho window, what you prin
cipally want is an upward-blowing
current. Well, thero aro several
methods of securing this without
danger of a draught:
1. Holes may be bored in the lower
part of tho upper sash of tho window,
admitting the outside air.
2. Right across tho foot of tho lower
sash, but attached to tho immovable
framo of the window, may bo hung or
tacked a pieco of strong Willesden
paper prettily painted with flowers
and birds if you pleaso. Tho window
may then be raised to tho extent of tho
breadth of tho paper, and tho air
rushes upward ' botween tho two
sashes.
3. Tho samo effect is got from simply
having a board six inches wide and tho
exact size of tho sash's breadth. Uso
this to hold tho window up.
1. This samo board may havo two
bont or elbow tubes In it, opening
upwards and into tho room, so
that tho air coming through
does not blow directly in. Tho
insido openings may bo protected by
valves, and thus tho amount of incom
ing current can bo regulated. Wo thus
get a circulating movement of tho air,
as, tho window boing raised, thero is
an opening between tho sashes.
5. In tho summer a framo half as
big as tho lowor sash mav bo made of
perforated zinc or wiro gnuzo and
placed in so as to keep tho window up.
Thero is no draught; and if kept in
position all night, thon, as a rule, tho
inmate will enjoy rofreshing sleep.
G. In addition to theso plans, tho
door of ovory bod room should possess
at tho top thoroof a ventilating panel,
tho simplest of all being that formed
of wiro gauze.
In conclusion, lot mo again beg of
you to valuo fresh air as you valuo lifo
and health itsolf; and, whilo taking
care not to sleep In an appreciable
draft, to abjuro curtains all round tho
bed, A curtained bed is only a stable
for nightmares and a hotel for a
hundred wandorlng ills and ailments.
The Family Doctor, in CasseWs Fam
ily Magazine.
The Power of Kindness.
Elihu Burritt, speaking of tho power
of kindness, says: Thero is no power
of lovo so hard to get and keep as a
kind voico. A kind hand is deaf and
dumb. It may bo rough in flesh und
blood, yet do tho work of a soft heart
and do It with a soft touch. But thoro
is no ono thing that lovo so much
needs as a sweet voico to toll whattft
means und feels; and It is hard to got
and keep in tho right tone. One must
start in youth, nnd bo on tho watch
night and day, at work and piny, to
get and keep a voico that shall spoak
at all times tho thoughts of . kind
heart. It is often in youth that ono
gets a voico or tono that Is sharp, and
it sticks to him through life, and stirs
up ill-will and griof. and falls liko a
drop of gall upon tho sweot joys of
home. Watch it day by day as a pearl
of groat prloe. for it will bo worth moro
to you In days to oomo that tho best
perl hid In Uio son. A kind
to th heHft wlmt light U to tho oyo.
It is a Ught Hint sings as woll as
shine.