MY "DEAR FRIEND.
n the vole of Life together
i "walked In snrlmr and wlntor weather.
hVfaeri days were dim, when day wore bright;
' Mai of whom God's will bereft mc.
Iiose kind, congenial spirit left mo
ind went forth lti tho Unknown Mgnt
law hi step Rraw morn lnvall I,
law his check grow pillld pallid,
iWlthcr llhc o dying ro&o:
itll ntloiiHh be nit all too weary
ft Life's rude scenes and places dreary,
He badcr farewell to friends and foes.
lis Is his Rrave: The spring with (lowers '
'istrews It In Iho morning hours,
f I n . hi t mc n a n'nr film twiure.1
i 'id summer pauses to deplore him,
f 'li weeping Winter nrches o'er him
Jler solemn drapery of cloud.
j was not faultless: Ood who gavo him
ifo, and Christ who died to save him
pent Sorrow, wherewith ho was trlod;
Id if nil, who loved him, nnmo him,
lere should bo heard a volco to blame him,
May wo not answer: Christ hath died!
, verily! I fancy often
;eo his kindly fcaturos soften
I mark his melting eyo grow dim,
fhlle Hunger, with Its pained appealing,
wont and woe and grief revealing,
ptrctched Its Imploring palms to him.
can not answer now: He novcr,
i all the dim, vait, deep Korovcr,
f Shall sneak with human words airaln.
J j! can not fcol tho spring dews falling,
Hot hear tho winter winds complain.
j ,'ep is his sloop: He would not waken
tough earth wcro to'her contcr shaken
' 3y the loud thunders of a Ood.
,)Ough tho strong sea, by tempest driven,
I Ith waillng wavos rock earth and Heaven,
, Je would not answer from tho sod.
bo It. friend. A llttlo whllo hence,
jid In tho dear, deep, dreamless Silenco;
uVc too shall share thy couch of rest,
Ihen we have trod Life's pathways dreary,
nd Death' will take the hands grown woary,
,nd gently fold them o'er the breast.
ep on, dear friend 1 No mnrblo column
yearns in the lights and shadows solemn
Over tho grasses on thy griivo;
tt lowers bloom there tho rosos love thco;
lid the tall oaks that tower nbovo thoo
jfhelr broud, green bannors o'er theo wavol
jfcp, wbllo tho weary years nro flying;
'hile men are born, while men are dying;
jtlecp on thy curtained couch of sod,
inc bo the rest which Christ hnth given;
I j ine bo tho Christian's hope of Heaven;
I jhlno ba tho perfect poaco of God I
iij F. I.. Stanton, In Smtthvllle (ffci.) Xtics.
n UNCLE SAM'S HORSES.
T Animal In tlui Cavalry Service Arc
Ktnmlnntl mill llrHiiiluil.
J'ho inspection Is dono by a board of
yco or bIx ollleors. Ono by ono tho
irscs nro led up for inspection. An
'timlnntlon is first mndo of tlio horso's
cs, teeth, limbs and body. His no
ma under examination nro llkowiso
Ken note of. Ho is then middled and
' bunted in tho presence of tho board.
3 mustyiold to tho bridloand bit ons
. Then ho is walked ono hundred
iruB nnd return, aflor which ho ia
girted on a fiorco gallop. Returning
the inspectors ho is unsaddled and a
j nil Inspection Is mndo. If this second
fnmlnntton does not rovoal any phyel-
!1 Imperfections ho is pronounced no
pted and is branded with the Na
innl trade mark. U. S., on tho loft
jjouldor.
dicing accepted, tho cquino is turnod
..or to tho euro of tho Assistant Quar-
master, wno, as soon as no receives
tho horses contracted for, dlstrlb-
js them through tho department.
ton special purohnsos of horses aro
idc This occurs when a largo lot
jhorsos aro missing in ono troop, and
is impossible to wait until the end
I tho qunrtor. Not infrequontly tho
!jvnges of tho plunders or other dli
.sos poeuliar to the horso, or a raid
j Indians on tho co t.vI at a front lor
jst, are responsibl e for tho depletion
1 ,tho "mounts" of a cavalry troop. In
distribution of tho horso3 care Is
lercisod in regard to color. As near
(possible, black horses aro Icopt in
So troop, bay hor.os in another, and
ion. While it perhaps would not
rlko any ono very forcibly as a bad
Tnngomout to sou a captain riding at
m head of a black horse company on
iwhtto steed, yet It would form an 111
flvlsed combination to see several
ioopet'S on wnlto horses sprinkled
rough tho company.
Tho onlihtod cavalrymon arosuppllod
th mounts at tho oxponso of tho
ivcrnmont. but olllcers are renulred
purehusa their horses. When tho
)rsos reach tho company for which
icy wore purchased, tho ollloors are
titled to tho privilege of selecting
o or two as oaoh doslres, and paying
o awstant quartermaster lor tne
tuul cost of the horse or horses taken.
ie troop of each regiment is com
Hod to take tho leavings, as far as
lor U concerned. This troop, whon
ounted, Is not a bad imitation Qf a
tlnbow, on account of the diversity of
,10S.
Tho ownors of horsos namo them
flth u sort of aet'ostlcal reference to
iolr company's title. Tlius tho mimes
' all horses in Company A begin with
ut letter. Tho horsos aro well cared
r In stables which aro kept clean and
Hit. Tho name of each trooper is
uoedon his horse's manger, right
)ove tho namo of tho horso. No prl
Uo is allowed to take his steed from
o stable, unless It Is In tho lino of
tty, without soourlng a permit from
iO commanding olllcer. Detroit Frte
't$3.
i m m
A prominent business man of Hath
is declared war against tho cigarette,
id la Industrious In cutting Items out
the newspapers giving frightful ox
nplfe) of tht) use of this pernicious
Hlol. Theo ho shown to olgarotto
fiokrn, and has succeeded in making
jHumbarof converts. Ho challenges
y one to namo a single thoroughly
od buluea man who smoked olgur-
lNothlug U inoi-o annoying to a
mihh, Hflor mlmlrlMg hluuolf u
i&wti Ih h plHto-tflimi hoW'Wlniow,
Um mwldrtiily to cliumr it lu'otty
W'HUi Innltfy (mlmly tukhiK lilt" !
l.(jMt off 4irllw'Hl ilmlM roiiitlio
PW fw lii)iil(livliemiMif lliu ullif hi
J)-. w k llliiln Willi lllli
j). Hum nil UtM Jpiifhvt iulfvu
WHITE MUSLIN DRESSES.
How tint Most Conirorlnblfl of All .Summer
down Arn.Mnrte.
Notwithstanding tho preference for
white wool drosses, there are warm
days in ovory summor vhen whito
muslins aro tho favorite wear with
youn and old alike, and this season
such gowns nro made up in very simple
fashioni, or else they nro so elaborate
with embroidery "that they are suitable
for very dressy occasions. For simple
dresses, either for tho morning or
afternoon, soft English nainsook with
out droning is chosen, with a little
embroidery or lace for the neck and
sleeves of tho gown. The belted waist
may be gathered on the shoulders and
crossed in front in surplice fashion,
leaving tho throat open in V shape and
trimming It with Swiss embroidered
edging, or with gathcrod Oriental or
Valenciennes laco, which may be turned
kick from tho front, or its scalloped
edge! mndo to moot, ns best suits tho
neck of the wearer. The sleeves are
thon plain to tho elbows, with a rufile
of laco or embroidery falling towards
tho wrists. The Hklrt is 11 vo strulght
breadths, with shirring ncross tho
front and sldo breadths just below
tho belt, whllo tho two back
breadths aro gathered only onco and
In n very small space, hanging plain
to tho foot. Some modl3tes mount this
-kirt on a foundation skirt In which
steels are run in cases, but ladies who
havo their dresses mado and laundried
at homo prefer the full round house
m tld skirt just described, and wear it
over handsomely tucked or embroldorcd
petticoats under which a very small
bustlo Is placed. A bait ribbon nnd
ithino-atono buckle nfay complete this
dress, or else a wldo sash of whito or
colored watered ribbon is worn, with
loops and ends hanging low behind.
Still simpler white drosses aro mado of
French nainsook, or of crossbarred
uislln, with the bolted waist high at
the throat and full thoro, also on the
shoulders, thon drawn Into yoke shape,
buck and front, by two cords run In tho
material. The slooves of such a waist
aro full, with deop cuffs or narrower
waistbands of ombroldory, and thero is
a turned-over collar of embroidery to
match. Very sheer mull dresses mado
In this way with cords outlining tho
yoke havo also cords holding tho full
sleoves In pulls" at tho top, and two sets
of cords hold tho fulness below tho bolt
In tho front and side breadths. A
Uirnod-ovor collar of wldo laco and
loop laco eulTs trim this sheor waist.
A pointed yoko of embroidery, in all-
over patterns of stars, daisies, vines, or
stripes, Is also much used for belted
waists of nainsook dresses. I ucked
waists of nainsook havo tho fronts
tucked In a pointed yoko shapo from
armhole to armholo, or olso tho tucks
aro only just below tho neck in front
and back, and tho shoulders aro plain
"r gathered, as best suits tho figuro of
tho wearer. .Many of thoso tucked
waists extend below tho belt a short
distance, and are simply hemmed on
tho edges; If made too long below
tho waist, or If trimming is added on
tho edge, tho stylo of tho garment is
destroyed.
Lmbroldored bwls.s muslins havo a
busquo of the striped or all-over em
broidery, to which a bolt is often
idded to glvo tho now full etleet. Scal
loped ombroldnrod llouncos aro taken
lougthwlso down tho front and back
of basques, and also down tho slooves,
showing tho soillops In a straight lino,
and aro then edged with a narrower
scalloped trimming. Insertions of om-
broldorv are much used in skirts,
dither lengthwise or olso around tho
skirt above a deop hem. Tho all-over
embroidered skirts of forty-Inch wide
nusllu, with scallops at tho foot, aro
made up in full round skirls four and
i half yards wide, or olso thoy merely
.over tho front and sides, whllo the
back Is of plain Swiss muslin arranged
in full burnooso drapory. Panels of
Swiss ombroldory are still liked, one
panel bolng down tho front and ono
down each sldo of full round skirts;
omo wide lengthwise plaits separate
thoso panels, and bridles of white
watered ribbon are set down tho plaits.
I ho ribbons for muslin drosses nro a
feature this season, thoso of white
moire being considered most dressy;
then yellow, green, old-rose or blue Is
chosen, In two or three Inch widths,
with either feathered or satin edges.
Kmbroldered Swiss muslin llouncos aro
plaited around the foot of Imported
Iressos, or else thoro aro two (loop
llouncos covering tho front nnd sides,
or from throe to llvo llouncos aro up
each sldo of tho skirt, with a draped
apron In front and plain drapery I o
hind. Finely dotted and sprigged
Swiss muslins nro nuido in tho "house
maid stylos" described for plain nain
sook. Hemstitched tucks and many
clusters of lino tucks run by hand aro
on ihh sheer white muslin dresses worn
by ladles in mourning; tho old-fash-lonod
"covering" Is also Inserted In
whito drosses for thoso wearing mourc
lug. Jlurper'n Jlaxur.
Culture Is spreading. Tho other
day a young miss, of Tuxarkaua, bought
herself half a doion big trunks full of
llnery, had them shipped to her address
at u loading girl's college tip North,
ami seat tho bills to her fond father,
who U a man of worth and substance,
along with a telegram that she herself
had taken the train for school, as she
was "bound to havo a lino education."
- It has boon wuggDnted that by prop
at iiiHuaguiiittiit the mmmI In Iho applu
might btf outlruly oltlltlimtttl. Tlml
m mil half o liiiiui (ftiH, iiowttvwiv it
4iUuk rid of uU In Uu kirwwlMrry,
Uiiufciwp, tU Tkwt no (Mil a
IHlrv itf ItMIMiyiM.'J, tl.ll p.H.'Ull
Ul 1' nil.". i.Un
frittst IrrllftUtxt wl Uiv UUcLUiMf
DESTRUCTIVE ANIMALS.
flow thn Austrnllnn Farmers Kid tlieCoun
try of Kangaroos.
A reporter mot a gentleman recent
ly who has boon largely Identified with
pastoral interests both in Australia
nnd Now Zealand, and from him some
interesting facts wore ascertained In
connection with tho efforts of antipo
dean agriculturists to coinbat the
plaguo of tho long-eared pests.
"Tho drive idea," said tho gentle
man, "is not entirely new to Austra
lians. Thoy havo for years employed
a somewhat similar mothod of ridding
pastoral lands of tho destructive kan
garoo. The usual way was to build a
capacious stock-yard, with very high
fences, for your able-bodied kangaroo
is no slouch at playing leap-frog. The
location generally chosen was on tho
fork of a river, for kangaroos aro not
extra partial to water. Invitations to
the round-up would then bo sent to
the neighboring farmers, nnd on a
specified morning tho farmers would
all put in an appearance, mounted,
and accompanied by whatever kanga
roo hounds they chanced to possess.
Dogs and owners would then got away
back and scatter out in skirmishing
ordor until a largo section of country
was covered, and then circumnaviga
tion was In order, tho objective point,
of course, being tho lofty stock-yard.
"Pretty soon you would hear tho
baying of scoro3 of hounds, and then
the long-jumping marsupials would be
seen leaping like gigantic frogs, while
tho skirmishers would advance and
close in steadily and systematically,
controlling the hounds tho while, so
as to gradually direct tho hopping
kangaroos to tho do3ired point. When
tho mob, which on occasions
numbered many hundreds, were
finally housed in tho place
of slaughtor, someono wns sent to close
tho draw-gate on them, and the, fun
commenced. Tho dogs wore restrained
and family relics in tho shapo of blun
derbusses and ancient lllnt-loeks were
brought into requisition until tho last
grass and crop despollor had bitten the
dust."
"Kangaroos make It rough for the
hounds on some occnslons, do they
not?" asked the reporter.
"You bet thoy do. An old man
kangaroo is just as tough n bit of
mechanism as ever a dog tackled.
When fairly cornered ho will plnco his
back against a tree or rock and invito
the best dog In tho pack to come on.
Old dogs aro wary of them, and uso
their best endeavors to got an car or
neck hold from behind, but a young
hound will frequently rush Into the
bayed marsupial's arms, so to speak,
and if ho gets away allvo ho is lucky.
The kangaroo will balanco himsolf
firmly on his tail, which Is both
powerful and springy, and will clasp
tho dog around tho body with his hind
legs, while ho will utilize tho sharp
claws of his foropaws to tear the
bruto's stomach into ribbons and haul
his entrails out.
"I remarked beforo that kangaroi
did not take kindly to water, but when
goaded to desperation on a plain whero
thero aro no treos or rocks In sight to
back up against, thoy will not hesitate
to Hop Into a water hole, and it is a
uuittor of history that a kangaroo thus
placed has been known to grasp an at
tacking hound and hold him under
water until drowned.
"Tho days of roundlng-up aro pretty
well at an end now, as the govern
ments of tho different Australian colo
nies pay so much a scalp for kanga
roos, and this has induced numbers of
hunters to follow tho business of kan
(iiroo shooting. By this means tho
troublesome animals aro kept down,
and it is only a question of a llttlo
time whon thoy will be wholly ex
terminated." Han Francisco Exam
incr. m
Making Artificial Noses.
'J'hey aro discussing artificial noses
In Vienna, it seems, and tho savants
take credit for a grand advance in
science In this age over the Im
memorial methods of tho Fast.
Probably enough, their congratula
tions nro justified, but wo should havo
more faith if thoy showed better ac
quaintance with tho methods tluiy
contemn. It is not tho fact that
Oriental surgeons take a strip of llesh
from some other porson's body nnd
mako of It a new nose for their patient.
That Is an Kuropeau practice of late
date, and if Viennese authorities dis
approve it thoy must quarrel with their
confreres. Tho Fastorn practice Is
"iinmoinorlul," Indeed, and for so many
agosilt has been used with success that
neither operators nor sufferers are
likely to change it. That practice is ab
solutely tho same which tho professors
ussort to be a modern triumph. Sir.
Baden Powell, in his great work upon
the arts and manufactures of tho Pun
jab, describes It; "Tho patient Is first
laid down, and the surgeon, with a
small razor, outs a triangular piece of
skin from tho forohoad, which ho
turns down and dexterously twists
just at tho juncture of tho noso with
tho brow, so as to bring tho right sldo
of tho skin to tho front," etc., oxactiy
as our toltmtlflo peoplo do. Iv i tt
process hereditary In certain families
of tho Kaugra district, where It is
likely this art was oxoroknul beforo
Vienna was hoard of. Loudon Staii'
l'hotofriipkw "The llkis U
txoll(MU but 1 hiu afraid tho oxpr
Uui i too U. Wo had UUar uy
fttfHla." ( uatomur "No, no. Th
pi, inn ia mH right. 'v Utfwu tt'
tiling on ii uti iiii fori'iHHiu Pip u
i.ii ii,.' ini hi ti li in) wlfii m!ii
tldlli.. in lit. i .mull j Mint M .".lilu'l
I.. I" !. t iMlig UlJiiJ UlMMtl
M " H fttfi Jkmr.
THE SHAVING TOOL.
Tracing thr Karlr Ve and Improved Con
struction of the lt7.or.
Among tho earliest mentions of tho
razor is that In tho Biblg by hzekicl
, v. 1: "And thou, son of mnn, take
j theo a barber's razor, and cause it to
pass upon tnino neau ana upon tny
beard." Homer, who is supposed to
have written nearly throe thousand
years ago, alludes to tho ubo of tho
razor. This instrument has generally
been mado of metal, but Cortez found
the Mexicans using razors of obsidian
(a mkicral much like nntive glass),
and tho Tahitians use pieces of shell
nnd shark's teeth ground to a very fine
edge. In China and Japan razors like
tho European and American, but with
out handleo, aro used. They aro mado
of very fine steel.
Tho manufacture of razors in tho
United States is comparatively recent,
but already it bids fair to equal at
least that which has been carried on
at Shefileld, England, for centuries.
The utmost caro is taken to obtain fine
eteol, but cutlers sometimes find tho
result uncertain. A razor is supplied
to every soldier nnd sailor in tho Brit
ish army and navy at nine cents each.
Tho division of labor is much used
iu producing a razor, tho blade having
to go through at least twenty opera
tions. The list of tho principal of
these is as follows: (1) The blade is
molded; (2) forged; (3) ground to
take off tho black scales; (-1) drilled
for tho rivet and stamped with tho
maker's name; (5) hardened nnd tem
pered; (G) ground; (7) tho shoulders
aro ground on a dry stone; (8) tho
blade is ground on a leaden wheel,
which gives the truo curve to tho sur
face,; (0) the tang and back aro glazed
by a leathorn glazer; (10) polished on a
buff-wheel with crocus; (11) handled;
(12) sot. In tempering razor blades
they are heated in a coke or charcoal
fire, and dipped nto tho water ob
liquely. Thoy nro then laid on their
backs in a clear lire, six or eight to
gether, and thoy aro removed whon
tho edges, which are yet thick, como
down to a palo straw color.
Tho edge of a razor consists of a
great number of minute points, com
monly called teeth, which, if tho razor
is in itsolf good and in good condition,
follow each othor through Its wholo
extent with great order and clearness,
nnd constitute by their unbroken regu
larity its excessive keenness. Tho
edge acts on tho board not so much by
tho direct application of weight or
forco as being drawn, erven slightly,
along it; becauso by this operation tho
fino teeth of which it consists pass in
quick succession in tho same part of
tho substanco. The best razors will
havo tho teeth of their edges sot al
most as regularly as a good saw, and
tho best test in trying a razor is to ox
amino tho edgo by moans of a strong
magnifying glass. This also explains
tho good effect on tho razor caused by
dipping it into hot water, which nec
essarily cloars tho edgo of any small
clogging substancos.
Barbors often assort that razors got
tired oi shaving, and that thoy will
perform satisfactorily if permitted to
rest for a timo. It will be found by
microscopic examination that tho tired
razor from long stropping by tho
same hand nnd tho samo direction
has tho ultimate fibers of its
surface or edgo all arranged in
ono direction, liko tho edgo of a
piece of cut velvet; but aftora month's
rost these fibers rearrango themselves
hotorogeneously, crossii each other
and presenting a saw-liko edgo (us de
scribed above), each fibor supporting
its follow, and honco cutting tho beard
instead of bolng forced down fiat with
out cutting, as when laid by.
Among tho distinguished persons
connected with tho craft, whose legiti
mate instrument tho razor is, aro
iEsibius, a great mechanic, who first
applied air as a motlvo power, and in
vented a water clock and a hydraulic
organ somo two hundred years ago.
The fathers of Sir Uiehard Arkwrlght,
Lord Tondordon and Lord St. Leonard
usod razors to gain a living.
Tamos I. novor ovorcamo his horror
at tho sight of a razor or sword. Whon
ho knighted Konolm DIgby his hand
shook so that if Buckingham had not
guided tho royal blade tho now knight
would havo paid for tho handle to Ills
name with tho loss of an oyo.
Tho razor is very tempting to per
sons who havo a tendency to commit
Biticldo, for about ono-fourth of all tho
suioldes havo used the razor. It's name
comos from tho Latin vorb rado, to
ehavo, tho participle of which is rasus.
Unimportant though It may appear on
first mention, tho razor can not bo dis
pensed with by a great number that
Is, by millions on millions of human
beings. Tho razor was in constant uso
among tho Egyptians, who shaved
their boards, except In timo of mourn
ing, when they lot tho hair grow. Tho
Hebrews usually did not shavo, but
Joseph used the razor beforo being pre
sented to Pharaoh. Troy (.V. J.)
' 0
Nothing In Comparison.
"How do you liko tho Southwest?"
said a travollng man to a friend who
had just returned from an extended
tour.
"Vnry muoh."
'Nluo oliuilr'
"Oh, ywi but Ulan) U n tr(Mwulov
dry MHMii) vrlitM I twin from. It
iMtdd Bktful fciivnn month."
"tinvtm month' TtiMl would ha
(WUfUluitia iii'.llunjj in Dim MmIu HimI
l lU U.t'lllll ll III! )tl
litW Jftf44i Tnimkr,
QUIET RESTING PLACES.
larroundlncs That Are In Harmony IVlth
the Feilliijrs of Mourners.
Some of us, perhaps, may remember
to havo seen a cluster of many family
graves in an uncultivated nook or dell
of an old farm, where some of tho loss
commercially valuable, but equally
beautiful, original timber trees havo
been allowed to grow undisturbed till
their vory size makes the fow brown
stono grave slabs seem modest and
nestling to tho ground, and whero,
tho cnttlo having been kopt out. tho
j wood violet and othor &hy wild plants
ndd their dolicato charms, while they
also mark tho peaceful seclusion of tho
spot. Such simple nnd yet dignified
i rural furnishings aro in harmony with
! tho purpose to which the place is ded
I lcated and to tho feelings of the sym
' pathetic visitor to it, and leave the
. Imagination free to conjure up, if it
will, romantic visions of tho past. In
Buch a spot the thought might easily
i occur to ono that hero was indeed a
I restful plnco in which to havo luid
: away tho mortal remains of a few of
thoso weary human beings whose lifo
struggle it was to subdue nature to
I their own aims, and yet who finally
' succumbed to her and whoso remains
beenmo a part of her. How much
j more appropriate to their lives are
such graves, with suah surroundings,
I than they would have been in some
I great cemetery, whero their mod
est littlo grave-stones would havo
, been put to shamo by scores
of big, staringly white Egyptian
obelisks, broken-topped Greek col
umns, Roman urns, weeping Italian
angels, Renaissance canopies, Gothic
spires, and all tho other kinds of
showy monuments, and where all rest
fulness nnd seclusion aro annihilated
by rows upon rows and scattering
swarms of factory-made, whito mar
bjo gravestones, all sot up on edgo so
as to bo as conspicuous as possible and
looking as if they would be heaved
out of plumb by every frost. Such
stones have, in fact, tho very unmon
umontal quality of being in a state of
unstable equilibrium. And nfi if all
theso white monuments and grave
stones were not enough to frighten
nature into submission, innumerable
fences are added, mostly of the sort
which may bo described as tho "this-is-the-most-show-you-can-get-for-your-money"
cast-iron fence. And. ns iron
rusts into a color which is somewhat
harmonious with nature, such a catas
trophe is carefully avoided by paint
ing nil ironwork a gloomy black, a
vivid whito, or by gilding it, like a
crosting over a chromo tea store. The
managers of cemeteries seem to be
proud of theso private fights with na
ture, and do all thoy can to aid and
abet them with their ribbon gardening
and by planting all tho most artificial
looking specimens of "nature's bright
productions" that skillful nurserymen
can induce to grow. They havo no
limiting rules as to showiness, but aro
only too glad to sell lots to thoso who
will spend most in making a show that
will advertise tho comotery. J. C.
Olmstcad. in Oardcn and Forest.
ESSENTIALS oV NURSING.
Some Things Which KvuryGlrl In the Land
Ouclit to Know.
Cleanliness and systom aro tho first
cssontlals of nursing, yet tho carpet
must bo swept by tho noiseless carpet
sweepor or with a dust-pan and whisk
broom, novor in any way that will raise
a dust. Tho room must bo cared for
carefully yet in such a manner as not
to annoy tho patient. Perfect ventila
tion is a necessity, and in winter if
possiblo an open firo should bo in tho
sick room both becauso this is tho most
wholosomo way of warming tho room
nnd for tho sako of tho ventilation.
Towels and bed linen used by tho sick
should be aired and warmed in winter
after they aro taken out of tho linen
closet. Tho tray of food brought to
tho invalid should bo ns attraetivo as
dainty china and spotless napory can
i mal:o It, and if possiblo tho edibles
should bo garnished in somo dolicato
mannor. Whenever pussiblo bring up
I a clustor of llowors with tho salvor, if
only ir rosebud, to brighton tho room.
Do not allow llowors to romain moro
than a day, but replace them with
fresh ones. Mako tho sick room as
lovely as neatness and perfect ventila
tion can mako it, and ndd any thing
that will make it brighter and moro
cheerful, any fresh ornament
or plcturo at your command.
Theso aro littlo mattors, but thoy
losson pain by turning tho mind of tho
BiilToror if for a moment from his sick
ness. It is important in infectious
discasos to havo a disiufecting lluid to
uso for cleansing china, clothing nnd
bedding. All articles which nro to bo
laundried should first bo wrung out of
somo disinfecting fluid and thing out of
tho window to air, rather than bo car
ried through tho house. If such a
courso is followed tho contagion of tho
disease may bo kept In one or two
rooms. Tho dress of a nurse should
always bo of somo material that can bo
washed. Tho nursos of, Bellevue train
ing school wear dresses of striped blue
nnd white seersucker, a white npron
nnd white caps. Tho dros is pretty
nnd dainty and ovory part can bo put
In tho wash-bollor if necessary. A cap
that completely covers tho hair U
quite iweaury In uaso of Infectious
dUotteuti. Qulot U ludispuiiiiahlo In tho
slok room. It Is a mUtnko to main
tutu nii opprelvo lidimoo o.xiwpt In
ctirtnlii OHtiu; but thuro should bo no
'HUiUiNsr oi Uir toklrli, Jurrlii at th
bL imttllntf of dUliai or jNrriuf ol
wlti4rt miil doow. A r)iin fiil iuii
lMr mill u if . t mifniotttrol In i.g
Plllt'l'tM'lK ) UU M IIMtHwalt fill M Ml'1
ItfMfill l"'l ttllUMI t't ill llltlll) lll
NMM "i I'll. In. IMiilu Hi. I II I tilt
iMMtfkM u tlx. tuwU buJw4 tUj itil.
RUSSIAN STUDENTS.
How They Are Watrhed nnd Persecuted
by Government Spies.
It Is not a plefcsant thing to bo n
student in a Russian college or high
school. If the students have a griev
ance, it is not to tho newspapers of
Russia that they send their complaints,
for no Russian editor would dare to
print them. Tho news is forwarded to
tho London Times. At this moment
people of England and the United
States know mora o'f what has recently
passed in the University of Moscow
than do the inhabitant's of Moscow who
live within half a mile of tho institu
tion. A Moscow student wrote lately to
the Times to explain the riots which
have broken out in several university
towns between the students nnd the
police authorities. Ho says that Rus
sian students, since the accession of tho
present Czar, havo been watched and
worried as if thoy were inmates of a
reformatory prison. They do not en
joy the'freedom of ii peasant.
Rules of the most minute description
are laid down for them, extending even
to the cut of their hair, the stylo o
their clothes, the choice of their com
panions, and tho nature of their amuse
ments, to say nothing of tho sleopless
espionage of their reading, writing and
conversation. Detectives are ever on
the alert to catch delinquents, and the
slightest infraction of tho most trilling
rule is followed by tho penalty,
The consequence of this policy is
that every college is in a chronic state
of suppressed rebellion, which a very
small matter may kindle into activity.
Tho last Moscow riot originated at an
evening concert given by the students,
which was, as a matter of course, ut
tvded by police inspectors, ono of
whom had made himself particularly
odious to all the students of tho Empire
by his superset' vieeable zeal.
This man publicly reprimanded one
of tho law students, who replied to him.
The inspector responded. An alterca
tion aroe, iu tho course of which the
frtudont, amid the applause of tho whole
body of his comrades, seven hundred in
number, boxed the inspector's ears.
The next day a higher ollictfr oi
police continued and increased tho ex
citement by addressing the students on
tho affair, and pretending that tho ap
plause which had followed the boxing
of tho cars was an oxpression of the
students' sympathy with tho person
bnfd. A storm of hisses greeted this
absurd remark, and finally the students
were provoked to open riot. Thoro
were tumultuous proceedings of many
kinds, until the young men wore
charged by a division of mounted Cos
sacks, and all their attemps to meet
were forcibly prevented by armed men.
But the affair quieted down, and the
classes went on as usual, except that
the University was surrounded by
bands of Cossacks, and evei door
within the building was guarded by a
policeman. Not one word of these
events was published in tho Moscow
press, and nothing was known of them
except to eye-witnesses. Youth's Com
jtanion. RANK IN BURMAH.
It Is Indicated by the Number of Umbrellni
n .Alan Ciirrlurf. 0
The number of umbrollas which may
be carried beforo each noble, to denote
his rank, is accurately defined by im
perial grant, this boing tho Burmese
form of letters patent of nobility. These
umbrellas aro single, whereas in tho
regal sunshiffo concentrated honor is
implied by multiplied canopies, aa
shown in ono of the pyramidal form
found in tho palace of Mandahiy.
Of tho golden uinbrollu as an ecclo
siastical distinction special mention is
nndo in n curious letter which, in the
year 1S02, was addressed by tho great
high priest of Burmah to tho Buddhist
priesthood of Ceylon, on the occasion
of tho arrival in Burmah of six Cinga
lese priests, who had journeyed thither
to desire ordination to the highest or
der of tho priesthood. Tho letter tolls
of tho magnificent ceremonial with
which tho event wns celebrated by the
order of tho king, "Lord of tho White
Elephants," and how the candidates
had been placed on golden howdahs.
borno by the stateliest elephants, and
thus led in procession through tho
streets of Amarapoora, attended by all
tho great dignitarios of tho ompiro and
preceded by all tho insignia of royalty,
while over each priest were held two
suporb golden umbrollas, shining like
the morning sun.
So prominent Is tho position ussigncd
In Burmah to this quaint symbol that
it gonorally attracts tho special notice
of travelers. Thus, when, In 1870, Mr.
dishing visited tho Province of Klang
Tung and was admitted to an auillenco
with the tsaubwa or rulor of tho prov
ince, ho tells us how, on entoring a
fine hull, with four rows of pillars, ho
preeeived tho gilded throne on n raised
dais between tho central pillars. On
cither side woro seated a row of high
dignitaries, those of the highest rank
being provided with velvet cushions,
and all around tho throne worogrouped
white, yellow and golden umbrellas
and other emblems of princely rank.
In like mannor In China, whunovor
you chance to moat any groat man ou
his way to pay an official visit or on
his tiiivoU, you can toll his trim rank
by a glanoo at tho groat symbolic re.d
lUtibrtflUt, which U onrrlixl booro him
uttotig Rwuy otliitr luniifiihi of Slali.
kuali tt buimtra tutil luiffo fmu, Uoi'iiu
ou ull tola mut dUpUiylnir diN'
Hud rvproMtnUtlou ot Um uu. - tfo.
II..' (.Ill III IIH' Kl4 Ullllwl'
ti.i,fclil rotUi VI it oiilnul
II.... iidiinuii i. nil ,u ..h iia
lwWH Hi) SUM lor H oi