FOREIGN GOSSIP.
China now furnishes a third only
of tlio lea used in England. India
furnishes Iho greater part,
American capitalists aro said to
have 812 000.000 iuvostod in gold
mines in Ilo.iduras.
The Prussian and Gorman De
partments of Jii3tico havo commis
sioned Judgo Asciirott to study and
re)ort upon tlio American ponnl sys
tem, with tlio view of making it tlio
basis of a now systom in Gjrmany.
Isabella, tho ox-Quoon of Spain,
has grown so stout that sho has had
to havo acarrlago mado with an opon
ing at tho back that fulls and forms a
doorway to allow hor to onlor. It
cost 5,0D0.
In various military districts in
Germany, as woll as in Holland, trials
havo boon mado of wlro solos covered
with a substanco rosombling India
rubber. TI1030 soles aro said to bo
moro durablo than Uioso mado of
loathor, and to cost only about half
Its price
Mount Vesuvius servos as a gi
gantic barometer and thermometer for
Naples. Tlio direction in which tho
sinoko from tho cralor blows indicates
unerringly a coming chaugo of woathcr
twonty-four hours in advance Also
tho approach of tho hot and depress
ing sirocco.
Tlio cask of tho lato Emperor
William of Gjrinauy's hoiul, Inkon
aflor doalli, was intouded for tlio Em
press Augusta alone, and tho m tld
lias been broken by command of tho
family, in order that only 0110 oxtini
plo shall exist. The cast shows how
curiously small tho Emperor's lioiul
ns.
British rosldonts in Japan aro sub
scribing for tho ropair of the grnvo of
Will Adams, a British sailor who was
shtpwrockod in Japan in tlio reign of
James I., and who lived for many
years at tho Court of Ycdo, whoro ho
obtained extraordinary inlluonco. His
grave was discovered some yoars ago
on tlio summit of 0110 of tho hills over
looking tho government arsenal at
Yokosuka. noar Yokohama.
Volapuk, tho now universal lan
guage, has excited tho suspicion of
Russian authorities. Formerly it wns
allowed to pass into Russia unchal
lenged, but tho Inoroaso of subseribor.s
to Volapuk journals causod tlio sus
picion that tlioy might bo ivvohiclo for
Importing nihilism, and a censor was
appointed to learn the language and
examine its books.
Tho only Mexican rosting under
tho ban of perpetual oxilo from his
country Is General Leonardo Marques,
who now lives in Cuba. Ho was ban
ished for shooting in cold blood a
number of medical students who had
gono to attend tho wants of tho
wounded in a battle between the Re
publican and imperialist forces at
Tacnbtiyn, on tho 11th of April. 18G5.
Tito latest London novelty is the
utilization of the drop-ti-nlckol-ln-tho-Blot
machine to the purposes of Insur
ance. A 1 onipnny lias b'lon organ!, id,
lo bo known as tho Automatic Accident
Insurance Box Cinipany, and its object
is stated to be "to provide the public
with a ready moans of obtaining an
insurance for twonty-four hours
against death arising from accidents
of every description by simply placing
a ponny in tho slot of a box."
The Pnnco of Wnlos bolng Invltod
to nu "at Ikiiiij" recoutly, had, as Is
the custom, the list of tho people ho
would meet submlttoil to him by tlio
lady desirous of receiving his lloynl
Highness in hor house. The Prlnco
passed his poticil through the names
of throo ladles. When asked by tho
hostoss the reason of his objection, lie
replied: "My dear mad am, I can not
explain. Ask your husband. He
should not havo pormiitod you to
know such people."
The olght-yoar-old-hoiross of tho
Dutch tlirono, is receiving a llboral
education which would bonellL any
little girl. From hor mother she
learns the pianoforte and horseman
ship; reading, writing, arithmetic,
and tlio modern languages aro Uught
by d ll'jrent teachers, who troat tho
little Prlnooss exactly as they would
any othor school-girl. Tho Princess
Is ovou allowed to play at times on
equal terms with "street children."
WHITE AFRICANS.
A Strange ltuiio of I'miplo l'ounil South ut
Tliuhmitoo,
Most people who havo road Hitler
Haggard's tain of Iho great white raco
in Africa consider it tho purest Mo
tion, but such is not tho case. South
of TImbuctoo and north of Kong
mountains, in tho western part of
Africa, live tho Foolahs, tlio white
tribe of the dark continent. Tills
tribe 1ms good features, a skull mod
old liko that of a white man, and a
complexion about as dark as that of
tho Italians. Tlioy wore great slave
traders in tho old days, but they made
n specialty of tho finest grades of cap
tives, and but a few of their own num
ber wore over transported. It is
said that a shipload of them was oneo
landed on tho coast ot L mislunii, and
that tho Creoles, refusing to believe
thorn darkle?, sot them free and hung
the slavers.
Tu-to Foolahs, Bottled down In tho
marshes of Southern Louisiana, and
after awhile becamo civilized, and In
that part of tlio S lato to-day you will
find tall, dark, rather good looking
white men who have all tho Indolence
of tho black A frlcnn, who aro some
times as flerco us the Arab, and always
hospltablo mid musical. Those people
aro thodoHOondonts of Iho Foolahs, and
tholr Mtyllower" was u slaver.
Thoro aro strange people in this great
country of ours. Kansas City Star,
TWO POINTS OF VIEW.
A Oontantoil Mind the Itirhrst l'ossosslou
11 reman Can H.tvo.
Pink and yollow oxalis, red gerani
ums and fuchsias in 0110 window, and
n round, laughing face looking out of
nnothor tills was wiiat wo saw day
after day. Whenever car Number
O 10 passed, Iho rosy face was at the
window. Tho driver, a ploasant-look-ing
young fellow, with tlio bluest of
bluooyes, and fuzzy yellow hair, never
fnllodtosoo tho black eyes that looked
out at him. and to smilo or wave Ids
handkerchief as ho passed.
Ono day tlio car stopped In'front of
the house, and a girl cauio out and
got in. It was hor face that wo had
fcoii at tho window, and wo lookod at
hor witli a mix uro of curiosity and
intcroit. In her arms sho carried a
large, shapeless bundle, which, whon
she unwrappod the rod shawl that was
wound around it, pr- ved to bo a baby,
fat and blue-eyod, who looked at eacii
if us in turn, wonderingly, wliilo ho
sucked tho lingers of ono llttlo hand.
Tho car stopped again, and throo
ladies eamo in; t hoy wore evidently
acquainted, and in order to givo thorn
seals together the girl gave hor seat
to 0110 of Ihoin and sat down by me
Sho glanced at 1110 once or twice, nnd
seoing. or perhaps feeling, my friendly
attitude, said, half slivly: "I soo you
In this oar very often you seo, I
'most always look out when I know
Jack will bo passing."
"I have seen you. too," I answered.
"I suppose this Is your baby?"
"Yes." she said proudly, "Jack's
and mine. Dm't you think ho looks
like Jack?"
"Yes, very much. But you look
young lo bj married and have a baby
as old as this llttlo fellow."
"Well, I'm older than I look I'm
past liftoon. Seo my ear-rings tlioy
were a present fro 11 J ack on my fif
teen birthday, and tlio baby gave nie
a buttor-knifo. O! course, Jack
bought it, but It Mas a prosont from
the baby just tho same I suppose
you koep house?"
1 told her I did.
"So do L Wo havo or.o real largo
room, nnd it's fixed so it's just as
good as two would bo. Whon I was
at homo wo had a wliolo house, but 1
think ono room is a groat doal nicor
you can soo all the pretty things
you'vo got, right there; you don't
have to go into other rooms to look at
them. Dm't you think we woro lucky
to bo able to get a room that looks
out on the street? And wo have an
other window, lo 1; that looks out Into
a lumber yard, and 1'vo watched the
earns and mon coming and going so
much that I know tiio names of some
of the horses and where some of the
men live. But I liko the front win
dows best; I soo tlio trees on tho cor
ner of A street when they aro
In-own in autumn, and thou whon
they are bare in winter. Now tlio
loaves will soon bo out, and then
won't they look protty?"
Again tlio car stopped. Sho got up
and wrapped tho shawl around the
baby. "1 get oil' hore." sho said,
smiling. "I'm going to got a dress
for tlio baby. G iod-bye; 1 hopo I'll
see you again some time."
"What an outlandish-looking girll"
said one of tlio ladles on tlio opposite
side of tlio car as soon as tho girl was
out of hearing. ' Oh, dear, how dow
this car goes! I wish tlio drivers had
to go faster through parts of tho city
whoro there's nothing to see."
Sho did not seom to bo an ill-uaturod
woman; her face was pleasant, and
her manners were good, but sho was
thoughtless. Tho "outlandish-looking
girl," who saw bounty every
where, was happier, and would inako
others happier than sho who had a
"wholo house" to live in, and enjoyed
many advantages which tlio othor
never dreamed of possessing. It is
not material possessions nor tlio lack
of thorn that makos riches or povorty,
but a contented mind. Youth's Com
panion. Incubators for Infants.
Prematurely born and abnormally
delicate Infants aro now suppllotl with
artificial mothers of more than
motherly tondornoss. Tho apparatus.
Identical with the incubator or artifi
cial lion for hat oiling chickens, is
simply a largo square b x warmed by
bowls of water beneath ah inner bot
tom. In tills, wrapped carefully in
cotton, is placed tho weak bubo,
so frail during its llrst fow days
that tlio open air would fatally
chill it. With an ovou tem
perature and a froo circulation of
warm air, secure from cold and damp
ness, nnd with careful feodlng. tho
infant thrives and rapidly acquires
health. Tho natural mother can only
watch the growth of hor offspring
through tlio glass cover until tho now
life hits boon fanned into sulllclent
strength to bo confided to hor keeping.
In tho hospitals of Paris this system
has boon for soma time giving s alls
factory and oven surprising results.
Arkansaw Traveler,
A Lesson In Natural History.
A professor of Natural History wan
dered away from the Smithsonian tho
other day and got into a lawyer's of
fice on F street, whoro thoro is a very
pompon young clork. Tho professor
naked two or three questions on the
point at Issue and the clerk tin ally re
marked lo hlm very largolys
1 toll you it's true, and it Is true
What do you know about law, any
way?"
"Nithlug, nothing at all," ropllod
the professor, meekly; "but I know a
groat ileal about natural history, and
I think you arc an ass." Washington
CYi'dc.
ELECTING A PRESIDENT.
Ilovr It Is Donn According to tlio I'm
visions of tho Constitution.
Thoro aro very fow mon in tho
IJ iittod S ntes who over voted for Pre.si
do it and Vico-Presi lent. At thoNi
votnb tr oloctlon of 1831. thorn were in
thi! neighborhood of ten million men
who cast ballots, and Iho innjorliy ol
thorn, it is safo to say, bolieved they
were voting diroctly fir B!ainc or
Clovoland; lint they were not. Thcr
wero butl)l mon in tlio entire country
who voted for Presidont, and of those
182 voted for Blalno and 211) for C eve
land; and as tho latter had a maj ndty
of 37 votes, ho was chosen.
Tills rosults from tho fact that th
Federal Constitution does not allow
the President lo bo cIumoii bv tlio pi o
pie. but by tho States. E ich State lias
is many Presidential votos as iL has
R presentatives in Congress and Sena
tors. Ohio has 21 R iproson tatives and
2 Senators (each Stato has tho Dame
number of Senator) and bunco she
em cast 23 votes for President.
The voters of each State voto for
Presidential Electors that is. for men
who will cast tii't number of votes for
Pros! lout to which that Stato Is 011
lilled under the Constitution. '1 he
term "E ecloral C dlege" is ..f ton used
o iles.gnnto tho entiro number of
E "dors choson fro 11 all th S ales,
but It Is not nso I in tlio Constitution,
nor in any U 1 it oil States statute It
is slnip'y a eonveni uit tornt f ir des
ignating Ih Electors en m is in.
E ifh State v itos for all tno E lectors
to which it is entitled on one general
ticket, and not by districts. The Ri
pub lean convention in each Congres
sional district in the S.ato of Ohio, for
Instance, nominated an Elector for
that district; tlio Slate convention
nominated tlio two "Electors sit
largo." corresponding to tlio
two United States Senators, asthedis
trict Electors correspond to tliolloprc
sci.tathos in Congress. Tho Demo
crats nominated a similar ticket, in
the same way. Next Novomber tho
voters ol tiio Stato will voto for these
Electors, and Iho lickot,vhich receives
bo majority will be oloeted, anil the
E colors thoreon will csist tlioir votes
lor (ho nominee of their own party.
Hence it is plain that a President
need not necessarily leeoivo a ma
jority of all tiio votes in tho Nation.
ll. must roceivo a majority of the
electoral votes of tho States only.
The voto by Slates, popular and
elwotorul, in 18SI. for Blalno and
Cioveland. was as follows:
roeiiMii votk. ki.kct'ovotk.
HVAtV Cl'Vf- CI t -
Jll ilnt. I n I. Maine. I mil.
Alnlmnii tO.Ml IW 07.1 .... 10
ArUiltlMH 'iO.SHJ 72,M7 .... 7
Iiillfonilii ln-lin H'.l.'JSS 8 ...
Uolnrulii :W,lllil 27,01 :) ..
Connecticut CS.H'.H t!7,1lS .... 0
Delaware. I.'I.UVI lll,t)7(i .... 3
L'lorila WVlt 31,7(10 .... 4
ieorijui -I7,fi!J 01.113 .... IS
llllno n S.17,111 Sl'.ViSI ss
(milium iits.H) aii.iwj .... IS
town lilT.i ITT.-.'Sl 11 ....
IC.llis.i- 15 l,li HI KM! 9 ....
Kentucky 118,1UJ l.V.lMl .... 11
UmUliina 111,317 II.', Ut) .... 8
Mulnu 71.7IH fil.twi 0 ....
Maryland 8-..7IS 0(S,NH1 .... 8
Miliiiii'hus Us.. 110,7-il ltfJ.tBJ .... 14
M I'hlffUM lO'.fiOO imi,3ill 13 ....
Mlnnos tn lll.iWJ 7d,0(W 7 ....
Mississippi 13,5 ! 'U.Mtl .... 0
Missouri 83VJHS .... 10
Nulinitkii 7(1.0 H rcvwi S ...
Nevada 7.1!M 3.V17.S 3 ....
It.impsh ro. l3.'J-.() S3.1H7 4 ....
N'uw .Jersey .... K'-VMil 1,.,7,"7.S ....
Now York W,W UVI.'US ... 311
North Carolina.. 123.0B3 llv'aV.J .... U
Ohio 4(11. IW i !i0V-'! -'3 ....
Ori'Kon O.StSI 8S.IMI 3 ....
Pennsylvania... 473.8M 39i,7t 3 ....
miotic Inland.... l!,ittl l-.',3!ll 1 ....
South Carolina., ai.7-1 (P.sil .... 0
lVmiosseo HI.' UK) 133,'!7ll .... IS
Texas !l,7'U W-.tlTO .... 13
Vermont 3',M 17,331 4 ...
Vlrirnt.i i:!!!,31tl 115,197 .... IS
West Virginia... IV). -Wl (17,317 .... 0
Wisconsin 181,157 llti,i:.9 11 .. .
Totul 1,813,331 4,011,017 1SS Slg
Toledo Mad:.
A NICE QUESTION.
Should l.ntlltx Ilu Permitted to Ta ho up
Church Colluutlout ?
It seems lo mo that the Idoa of
ladlos -passing tho contribution plalo
in our cliurchos is an cxcelout ono. In
lonio of tho Westorn States it was
lono that way yoars ago, and some
churches out thoro keep up tho prac
tice. There is nothing out of tlio way
ibout it. If ladies preside at organs
and sing In our choirs, why not have
ihoin pass tho plate alsoP "Thoro is
no U inn. as far as I can soo," said a
regular lady attendant of our churches
lo mo Sunday evening. "And there
are good reasons why tho ladlos would
inako llrst-olass collectors. Mon would
bo moro apt to drop in tho plate ton
co. its or a quar.or insioad of
n nickel, if oiify for appoar
auco sake, an I as an extra
contribution to beauty. Of course
tho prettiest ladies in tho congregation
must be selected for tho work. Then,
again, tlio ladlos would all give some
thing, for they know that two eyes
would bo Pitching tlieni, and for
shaiuo sake, and for fear they would
hoar of It if tlioy never put any thing
In tho plato, an event very probable,
every ono of them would glvo some of
their pin money. 1 loll you, in all
candor, lady collectors In our cliurchos
with tho contribution plates would
raiso uourly twice as much as men col
lectors, who nonchalantly pass tho
plate, and aro luditlorout to whothor
you glvo any llilng or not. Such an
innovation would not be irreligious.
Wo havo lady solicitors at our church
lairs, and why not lady contribution
collectors in our oliurchos? Lit ono
nhurch take up tlio idea as an experi
ment, and others will speedily follow.
Lady contribution collectors would
ipcodlly raiso enough to pay oil" church
loots."
The Indians on tho San Carlos
reservation in Arizona aro extrava
gantly fond of sweets. Sometimes In
one store a barrel of sugar will be
lold lu a day in quantities of live and
ten cents' worth, just enough to survo
tin Indians for candy. 8
fHE CANNED-GOODS TRADE.
All Industry That Him Grown to Vast Pro
portions In This Country.
An industry in this country wh'ch
!ias grown to enormous proportions is
that, of preserving food products bv
i-a-inlng and bottling, lu 18 )7 M.
Apperi, a distinguished French chem
ist, found that organic substances ro
'indued frosh an indofmito time by bo
nig kept from contact with the air.
C imparativcly llttlo uso was made of
ihls invoiitlon for many years oxcpl
by sailors. About tlio yoar 1835. how
ever, a small local trade sprung up in
this country in canned oyslors and
oinatoes. Tho discovery of gold in
California gave an impetus to tho
'rtule, but the first groat expansion of
It was during tho civil war. Since
that time tho canned-goods t ratio has
advanced by leaps and bounds until
at present there is a capital of $11 000 -000
invested bore in fruit and vegeta
ble canning alone, giving employment
to 35 003 parsons, who earn yearly
S3 000 01)0, and turn out of ooils $20.
000.000, leaving a net profit of about
20 per cent, to the invostors.
Dm in;: the wit advantage wa taken
by tho U tion C ni niss.iriat Depart
ment of tlio ceo lomy in bulk and Iho
"ase in tra isportatlon of ca mo 1 goods.
Canned meat was found us ful f ir
rallo is in f. reed ninrolios; on, mod
milk was a valuable substitute for
fresh milk In tho hospitals when the
latter could not bo had, anil the health
of the arm v was largely maintained
by c tuned fruit ami vegetables
At the end of the war those engaged
in the muuufac uro of theso gootls
urnel their attention to supplying
the E iroponu markots wi'h salmon
and lobster. The lobster export trade
'ad started ton years previously in iho
Xew 15 igland S'ates. Soon after the
Ciiindians began tlio salmon-packing
Indus rv. but did not meet with suc
'joss. But. tho utilization of t lii
normous run of salmon up the
Columbia ami other rivers on tlio P.i
e lie coast, put now life into tlio in
dustry. Somo idea of how much the
rain litis grown may bo galhofd
from tho f-tel that, while in 135 i the
pack salmon was oulv 4 000 cases,
ilitriii!! tho past four years it has aver
aged 3 S0J. 030
The next groat era in tlio trade was
ho compression of corned beef. Chi
cago, being n great cttttlo center, til
once embarked heavily in this enter
prise. Foreign gov-wninenl3 largely
recognized tho value of this systom of
preserving beef. Tiny ordered larg
quantities of it for consumption by
their war fore is. Much of lids was
stored as a rcsorve in case of war. bin
as tho supply was exhausted it has
been continually renewed, lo tho profit
of tlio American.
Tho success of '.ho Americans In
canning goods provoked th E iglish
and Fronc'i people to emulation.
U niblo to compote with the United
Slates in what had boon already done,
they turned their attention to the can
ning of delicacies. This trado was
developed to a very largo extent in
Europe, and extended to this country.
But the importation of those, goods
has fallen off in recant yeaiv, as this
country litis gone into the manufacture
of this class of goods, and produces a
much cheaper article, not at ail in
ferior to tho imported,
Tho dovelopinont, of tho canned
goods industry litis been great, but.thc
variety of articles treated in this way
lists boon uvon greater. B iginniug as
as It did with ship's boof, it lias ex
tended until it embraces noarlv all
tlio desirable food products of tho
animal and vegetable kingdoms.
Lieutenant Greoly, after his famous
Arctic expedition, said that canned
appl.:s, poaehos, poan. rhubarb, green
peas, groou corn, onions, potatoes
and tomatoes wore all subjected to iho
toniporature of sixty degrees below
z 'ro. They wero solid for many
moiitlu at a timo, the second summer
tlioy thawed, and tho following winter
they wero fro.tn solid again. When
theso articles wero eaten tlioy pre
sented tlio same nppourauco :.s though
freshly c.inned, and tlioir flavor was
as good whon tho last can wasopouod
as (luring the first month.
Canned goods have proved a groat
boon to tho housakoopcr. In cities, at
any rate, tho gootls preserved aro
choaper than if bought in tho frosh
condition. This arises from tlio fact
that tlioy aro always packed where tho
material is choapoit and most abund
ant. A groat economy is oxjro.sod,
too, by the wholcsalo preparation of
moat and tisli.
The popular idea that canned goo Is
aro injurious to health is a mistake.
Tin, which forms tlio coaling of tho
thin iron p'.atos of which the cans aro
made, is not actod on at till by any
ordinary acids or by tlio gasos of de
composition. Certain firms in this
city huro followed up every caso of
alleged poisoning from canned goods
without finding a singio one of them
aullienllc Tho ordinary precautions
of taste and Miiell ns appiio.l to fresh
.roods aro a sufficient protection
against danger in similar goods whon
canned, and. judging by tlio progress
of tho pits decade lu this method of
fooil preservation, it seems likely to
havo a still larger future before it-
-V. Y. Sun.
A Now York .bachelor over sovon
ty yours of ago recoutly vlsltod Maine,
fell in love with a damsel less than
half his age, was accepted and wont
home to prepare for Iho coming of his
bride. When all things wero in onlor,
instead of going after his botrothod
himself ho so tit his younger brother.
Tho youngor man was pleased with
his future sister-in-law, so pleased
that ho persuadod her to marry him
before starting for Now York.
THE RED PLANET.
Speculations Alioiit tlm Cannls of !Uar
uuil Their Builder).
It may bo interesting to lovers of
astronomy to know that tho eminent
French as'trotionior, M. Ferrotin, is on
gaged in a minuto stuly of Mars, and
that his disc ivories confirm those of
M. Schiapnrilli in every particular. It
seems actually truo that tho longi
tudinal slripcs which circo around tlio
planot tire bodies of water and must,
according to till laws of probability,
bo artificial. No one ovot saw or con
ceived a system of parallel rivers from
1.000 to 2 000 miles long and straight
as a plumb line Every thing is pos
sible, of course, but such straight
rivers it is impossiblo torcconcllo with
tho principles of cosmogony ns wo un
derstand tli 'in. On this planot. at all
evonts, nature abhors a straight lino,
and by analogy Itshouhl do so in Mars.
Yet. if these bodies of water aro
cannls. as Schiaparilli bolioved and
Porrotin seems hardly to doubt, what
monstrous works they must he! Tlioy
arc from fifty to eighty miles wide.
Fancy the labor of digging such a
canal, the time it must have taken and
(lie number of workmen it must havo
oniploycd. The pyramids of Egypt
aro trilling in comparison. Iho buez
canal is 197 feet wido at Iho surfafe,
and the Nicaragua canal is to bo 150
fool; the Martian canals aro 2 800
times wider. O.tr canals on this ono
horso globe nro considered long whon
they reach 100 miles in longlh. Tho
Panama canal will bo loss than s'xty
miles long. Tito canals of Mars reanh
a length of 2 000 miles say as for as
from hero lo Omaha. What a traffic
titero must bo to support such enter
prises. Oi tlio waterways of China
travelers doscribo tho incessant ebb
and How of multitudinous crowds, but
to require canals of such dimensions
as wo have described, the nn vomont
of traffic in Mars must bo far more
prodigious. In fact, tlioy imply a
population which almost staggirs bo
liof; considering that tho volume of
tho planot is only one-sixth that of the
earth, the dianiotor being 4 100 miles
as against 8 000 miles, tlioy warrant
tho wildest conjectures as tothodousi
ty with which it may bo peopled.
What manner of man lives in Mars,
if there bo mon there, has always boon
a favorite topic of speculation. The
law of gravitation tells us that ho may
be 14 foot high; not such a son of Anak
as tho inhabitant of tho asteroids, but
still one who would regard tho Belgi
an giant as a remarkable dwarf. Pos
sibly tlio enormous public works on
Mars may bo explained on the theory
that theso tall fellows can work in
proportion to their stature that ono
citizon of Mars can shovel as much
dirt as two and a half denizens of this
world. San Francisco Call.
THE SUN'S ENERGY.
Striking Illiistrntlont Intruded to dive
Ituutlors mi Idea of IU
Tho most satisfactory way of arriv
ing at an idea of the enormous energy
of the sun is by measuring the amount
of heat which his rays aro capablo of
generating; and further, by our
knowledgo of tho relation which ex
ists boiweou heat and mechanical
work, wo are able at onco to estimate
tlio aniount of work width tho sun in
capablo of doing, anil also tho quanti
ty of dnorgv lie must bo losing year
by year. B stu'ab'j arrangoinonts
wo can cause a certain quantity of his
radiation to bo absorbed by water or
other substanco, and note tho rise of
tcniporature which results, and as wo
know tho mechanical equivalent of
eacli degrco of leniperaturo in water,
for instance, it is only a matter of cal
culation to arrivo at a knowledgo of
tho sun's total onorgy. Like ovory
tiling olso connected with this wondor
f ill body, figures givo us no adequato
conception of his onorgy, and various
illustrations havo boon used by differ
ent invosligators. Thus, Horsclml
considered it in relation to tho quan
tity of ico which it would molt in a
given timo, and states that tho amount
of heat which tlio earth recoives whon
tlio sun is ovorlioad would molt an
inch thickness of ioo in two hours and
thirtoon minutes From this it can bo
calculated that if tho body of tho sun
woro entiroly surrounded by a slieotof
ico on Its surfaco of moro than a mile
in thickness tho sun's heat would en
tiroly molt this coating of ico in tiio
sanio timo namoly. two hours and
thirteen minutes. Prof. Young uses
an even moro striking illustration.
Ho says: "If wo could build up a solid
column of ico from (ho earth to the
sun, two milos and a qunrter in diam
oter, spanning tlio Inconcoivablo nbyss
of 93.000.000 miles, and if tlio sun
should concontrato his power upon It,
it would dlssolvo and melt, not in
an hour, not in a minute, but
In a singio second; ono swing of tho
pendulum, and it would bo water;
seven more, anil it would bo dissipated
In vapor." Of course, of this onormous
quantity of boat thooarth receives but
a very small fraction. Tho romaindor,
oxcopt, of eotirio, what tho other plan
ots receive passos away into space,
and is lost forovor, so far as can bo
ascertained, to tho solar systom. If
wo ostlmaio in mechanical power what
wo di receive, wo liud this to be on
oach square foot of surfaco equivalent,
on tho average, to about fifty tons
raised a niilo high yearly, or to one
horso power continuously acting, to
ovory thirty square feet of tho earth's
surface It is by this enormous supply
of energy that tho wholo world is kopt
alive and active It keops us wnrm.
and drives our stenm-ongines and
water-wheels; it circulates our at
mosphere and brings us rain and snow
In duo soason; it grows and nourishos
our plants and animals, and. in a
word, is tlio source of almost ovory
earthly blosslug. Scof smnn.
GERMAN POLICEMEN.
T!io Sort or Men That Muke Up the Force
ol the City o( llerlln.
Tho Gorman polico aro, in effect, a
wing of tho Garmau army. Every
man in tlio forco is a trained soldier,
disciplined by scrvic in tho ranks or
as a commissioned officer. Tho B.srlin
p-jlicj numbor about 5,000 men. The
chief of this forco, or presidont, as ho
is tliero called, ranks as an army
colonel. Thoro nro 18 captains and
13S lieutenants, who rank corre
spondingly with army captains and
nontenants, and receive higher pav.
There aro 101 sub. or non-commissioned
officers, and over 4 000 pri
vates. Thou thoro aro 1 first socro
iev. R assistants. 10 councilors,
20 chiefs of precincts, nr d p ir. -nietit
clerku, 45 assistants, 25
cashiers, or book-keopors, and
172 bitrjatt employes or labor
ers. A private in the polico must
first havo served nine yenrs in
the army and received honorable dis
charge. After a certain p iri d of
policj servico officers and privates aro
e ired and ponsionod. This is but
iinn of several rewards offered tho
Ci-rnian policomen for good bjliavior
and effieio nt sorvlce
Th Birlin polico on duty arj liko
statuos, silent and immovable. Tlioy
stand in tho middle of ilio streets, or
di on horses, apparently liko ma
chines, and oblivious to every thing
hut their own lino of performance
11 it there is very littl" information
desired by tho ordinary mortal not lo
lei obtained from tito Berlin police
man for the asking. Ho will not bo
aware of your existenco unless you
accost him with an inquiry. Thon. ho
is all attention, Intel lloneo and civil
ity. Speak to liiin in T. ngjisli and ho
will immediately answer in Gorman,
at the sanio timo inlcrpro tug, with
his hands and eyes, until you ares uro
to coniprohond, and learn all you
want to know. The policemou aro as
neat in person, and well uniformed as
the armv. Tho detective branch of
police wear tho civilian dross.
No stranger, man or woman, enters
Berlin and stops two lty-four hours
who is not registered bv tho po.ice.
It is easy to look up a person if at a
hotel, where ho is asked to register
his iiani', residence, birthplace, occu
pation, destination, and whether ho
travels for pleasure or on business, and
the nature of his business. If the per
son is not ready about giving this in
formation he is asked for his passport.
In the board ing-housos, most of them
kept by wo nen. the polico officer
nks tho landlady lo furnish tills in
torination about hor boarders. Every
boarding-house is visited on an aver
age of once a week by a polico officer
in civilian dress. Thoro is a quiet,
formal politeness about those visits
that goes far to divest thoni of all
semblance ot intrusion or inquisitivo
ness. But thoro is also an authorita
tive ceremony not to bo misunder
stood. This system of surveillance is
no disadvantage to tlio ordinary hon
est si ranger. Not only could ho not
get lost in B -rlin, but ho could not
lose his friends there cither. O.io has
only to go to polico headquarters to
learn tlio whereabouts of ovory non
resident visitor or stranger in Berlin.
X. Y. Sun
The Desire to Be Remembered.
When parting from those wo love wo
find comfort in the hope that they will
hold us i t tender roniembrauoo wliilo
away. There is reason in this, for if
unlonged for when nbs it, cold wntthl
be tho welcnmo on our return. But
it is tho same whon tho parting is for
all time. Tho dying hopo to bo re
gretfully remonibored in tlioir grnvos.
Tlioy aro solicitous to bo thought woll
of, and mourned and prniod. after
tlioir souls shall havo passed be
yond the reach of human sym
pathy. It is woll that it is so, though
why it is so no mortal can explain.
Tho f nir of posthumous dishonor de
tors many a man from committing a
wrong to which his conscionco would
havo offered no impediment, and tlio
hopo of poJthuuioiH famo im
pels many a man to porform
deeds of heroism which senso
of duty would never havo spur
rod him to attempt. It really seoms
as if mon did not boliovo that death
utterly dissolved tlioir connection with
this world. O.i no other principle
can their anxiety about what peoplo
will say, and think, and do about
them, whon tlioy havo shu filed off
this inortaM coil, bo accounted for.
X. Y. Ledger.
All in the Family.
Schultz That pug dog of yours has
got an intelligent look about him that
is really remarkable
Miller Honiarkablo! Thoro Is noth
ing remarkablo about it. In my fam
ily that's tho way wo all look. Ger
man Joke.
Tho persons win become rich aro,
generally speaking, industrious, res
olute, proud, covetous, prompt, mo
tho Ileal, sensible, unimaginative, un
sensitive and ignorant. The pjrson
who remain poor aro tho oiitlreiy fool
ish, tho entirely wise, the idlo, tho
reckless, the humble, tlio thoughtful,
tlio dull, tlio imaginative, tlio sensi
tive, tho woll-lnf irmo I, tho improv
ident, tho irrogularly and impul
sivoly wicked, tho clumsy knavo, tho
open thief, nnd tho entirely merciful,
j it and godly person.
A Union man who was in nn
ludiana town to build a big factory
and lay nut a million dollars found
cows and hogs monopolizing the side
walks, and ho left In disgust without
ttivosting a nickoL