INDUSTRIAL TOPICS.
11 Is Much Easier for Farmers to
Contrast Debts Than to Ac
quire Means to Pay Them.
Tho aluo of a Garden Deponda Moro on
tie Qnality Than on tho Quantity
of tho Seeds Sown.
Debts Hrntr, Down,
A pnper published at Sarcoxlc, Mo.,
& few weeks ar;o, called attention to a
case of a young fanner in Lawrcnco
county who last year bought n solf
blnding harvester and gave :i cliattel
mortgage to secure tiio payment. Tho
articles Included in tho mortgage- were
ntwo-horso wagon, two plows, a har
row, a pair of horses and harness for
tho same, nud tho twine bindor. Crops
wcro poor on tho fatm and in tho vicin
ity, and tliero was littlo work for tho
Bclf-binding harvester to do. Money
could not bo raised to moot tho debt,
nud tho tnortgago was foreclosed. All
tho articles woro sold to satisfy tho
judgment that had been obtained. As
money was scarco in tho placo when
tho salo wn3 conducted, and as few
neoded tho articles that woro offered at
tho sheriff's sale, thoy only bought
enough to pay the debt and tho cost of
collecting it. Tho young and onco
hopoful farmer was obligod to glvo up
tho property that had taken him several
fears to acquire, to relinquish his do
liro to carry on n farm on his own ac
count, and to boconio u hired mnn.
The iniplemont-dcalcr bid in tho har
vester that was ncarlv as good as whou
told, and will most likely sell it boforo
noxt harvest timo to some tenant farm
er who will mortgago all his personal
property to secure tho promised pay
ment on it.
Tho publication of this story may
icrvo "to point a moral," and it may
Also servo tho purposo of a solemn
warning" to fanners who aro tempted
to run in debt for exponsivo machines
and implements. Ordinary observa
tions in any place show that it is much
easier to run into debt than it is to run
out of it. In fact, most persons very
ilowly walk out of debt, if they havo
Iho good fortune to got out at all. In
most cases they stay in tho clutcho.i of
-debtors if thoy onco get thoro. Es
pecially 1b this tho case with farmers.
Crops in a climate llko ours aro un
cortnln, nnd groat risks uttond tho
raising of all kinds of stock. Gains on
a farm nro slow, oven if thoro aro no
accidents and no groat mlsfortunos.
Thoro is nothing surer, however, than
tho coming of death, tho annual visit of
iho tax collector, and tho maturity of a
dobU A Bucurod debt liko timo nnd
lido, "waits for no man." It has no
rognrd for misfortune nnd no consider
ation for bad seasons, short crops, and
low prices. Interest accumulates dur
ing n protracted drought or a season of
floods just as rap dly us it does dur.nir
Iho most favorable season. There nro
always somo prosperous persons in n
distressed agricultural community.
Thoy aro tho men who loan money ami
sell goods to fanners and tako mort
gages to secure tho payment.
Fanners generally pay very high in
torest for tho usu of lnonoy. Especial
ly is this tho case in a region whero tho
farms aro now. The smaller tho
amount of a fanner's property tho moro
ho is required to mortgago to secure u
debt. All kinds of farm stocks aro re
garded as poor security, as tho animals
ro liable to bo carried off by conta
gious or ordinary diseases, running
Fniploini'iits are also regarded as poor
security, as thoy aro soon injured or
worn out by constant uso and exposure.
Groat ri(ka attend loaning money on
growing crops, as thoy aro likely to bo
cut off by frost, drought, Hood or in
sects. In n section of country whero
most of tho inhabitants aro poor farm
era, articles taken by the foroulosuro of
mortgago can rarely over bo dispos
ed of at a forced sale for anything llko
tholr renl value, as fow havo tho rondy
money to pay for thorn. As this is thu
case, monoy-loanors and (Ionian who
sell mplcmcuts and other articles on
credit demand what they consider to
1ms ainplo security. They demand high
rates of interest becauso there Is littlo
competition and thoy know that thoy
can obtain almost anything thoy de
mand. Money never "goes bogging"
In n portion of tho country that is be
ing settled up, ns It frequently doos In
n groat city.
Of coutso it is sometimes necessary
for n farmer to run in debt In order to
carry on his business, but tho incur
mont of obligations should bo made on
ly after duo deliberation, Bolero a
f armor mortgages his placo, stock, tools,
or crops, ho should carefully consider
when, whero. nnd how tho money is to
come to discharge his obligations. Ho
idiould not. contract debts with tho
recklessness of a gambler or n specula
tor. Thoro Is a chanco that those por
tions may bocomu rich suddenly, but
there is no such a chauco for a fariuur,
Although ho is constantly running very
groat risks. A gontlemau who has long
resided in one of the must prosperous
portions of Illnols states that most of
iho tenant farmers in tho eountv whero
lie lives onco owned the farms thoy now
loaso or other ones In tho violnltv.
Thoy put an ornament on them in tho
iorm of a cut throat mortgage, nnd af
ter tolling for years to got tho inonov
to pay Interest thoy despaired at length
of being able to pay tho principal. A
dobt is very likely to drag a farmer
down nnd keep him down. Tho per
cent per annum drawn hard, nud 2 par
cent, per month is n btrnln that fow can
loug endure. Mcago Times.
Farmers t (Jnnloncr.
Tho valuo of a gardon, wrltos Waldo
5. Urown Iu The Jlural A'ew Yotker,
depends to a great extent on tho quali
ty, ami ant a lUtlo upou the quantity of
Ilia tecds one tows iu it, Tho truth,
Whatsoever a man sowotli that thn
be also reap," is old, but an trim now
as when ilrst uttered. An experience
l thirty years as a gnrdoner enables
to speak with confidence on tho sub
ject, of garden needs. I think that
wost farmers fall in ouo or moro ot
Ui roe particulars Iu aupplyiug them
mIvm with these:
Xlnt, Ike fariuor fail la earing seeds
of li'fl own growth to tho extent lie
ought, ami In tho right wnj. and in
raring for them when thoy nro saved.
To be sure, it docs not cost much to
buy what garden seeds ho usc3 in a sin
gle year, but that littlo might as well
bo saved when one is sure that by so do
ing lie can havo seeds that aro fresli
and truo from his own garden. I would
not recommend tho farmer .to try to
grow nil tho seedn ho needs, but most
of them ho can save of bettor average
quality than those ho will bo likely to
buv.
Vhon the farmer docs savo scdrt, too
often instead of its being tho best, it is
tho poorest. After the row of beans,
peas, or corn is culled, ho takes what is
left for seed. This is just what ho
should not do. IIo should select n sec
tion of a row in the very best part of it,
put up a stake, and givo orders that
nothing is to bo gnthorcd for tho table
from the part staked off. A rod or so
of a row of bunch beans, or of each va
riety of peas or corn will bo enough.
Of cucumbers, melons, tomatoes, ho
should select somo of tho nicest speci
mens, and put down a stick with a red
string tied to it us a sign thnt these aro
reserved. Noxt, after tho seeds nro
saved, ho should have a placo for them,
and tako good caro of them. I think
that fully oiio-half tho homo-saved scods
nro eaten up by mice, or lost before
planting time, simply because a special
place was not, provided for them, Buy
n good, light box, mmln of inch pine,
hang a tight-fitting lid to it, diyldo it
into several compartments of different
sizes, nnd label them. Thou got a stock
of good manilla paper bags, and when
a lot of seed is perfectly cured put it iu
a bag, mark the name plainly and tiio
year in which it grow, and put it in the
seed-box. Remember that with a few
exceptions seeds aro good for from threo
to ten years. Parsnip, onion, and car
rot, do not retain their vitality long,
but tho last two will grow tho second
year if kept well.
Tho second particular in winch most
farmers fail is in not buying enough
seed. My family physician, with a
family of four, nnd an cighth-of-an-acro
garden, buys four times as many seed
as tho average farmer with a family of
eight or ten. Every fanner should
plant pons, beans, and sweet corn by
the quart, and yet a majority of them
will buy one or two 6-cont papers of
each. Tlieso staple vegetables at least
should bo planted iu sueh abundance
that thoy can bo used every day while
they last, nud successive planting
should be mado to insuro n long con
tinuance. From thu last of May, when
tho earliest pens aro lit for tho table,
until tho frost Is hard enough to spoil
tho lato corn, thoro should not bo n
day when tho garden doos not contain,
in good condition for tho table, ono or
more of these stand-bys, peas, beans,
nnd sweet com, and the uso of differ
out vnrlotios anil liberal successive
planting will easily enable ono to havo
them.
Tho third particular in which many
fanners fail is In not getting tiio seeds
thoy buy in time. Thoro is a best timo
in which to plant all varieties, and to
have tho host success with thorn thoy
must be planted at that time; and yet
a largo per cent, of tho orders liiluil
by all Eoedmeu reach them after tho
seeds should bo iu tho ground. It is
just as easy to look over the stock on
hand, find out what is needed, and
make out an order iu February as in
April, and it will bo much moro satis
factory to all concerned.
1 llud that a majority of farmers do
not "make garden" until nearly corn
planting time, and 1 doubt if most of
them know what seeds may bo planted
early. 1 have for many years planted
tho follow. ng vegetables just as early
as the ground can bo worked, anil al
most overy year tho land freezes hard
after they are up, but they aro very
rarely Injured: Meets, lettuce, spinach,
iioas," radishes, cabbage ami onions,
dy land is clayey, and 1 plow in tho
fall In boils from twelve to sixteen foot
wide, and open tho dead furrows so as
to drain off all surface water, and iu
tills way I can usually plant a week or
two earlier than If tho laud is not plow
ed until spring! Two years out of the
last twelve I havo planted these early
crops tho last week iu l'uhruary; but
usually tho planting is donu from Maroh
6 to 15. Rome years my garden has
frozen hard enough to boar a team, and
been covered witli snow for ton days
after it was planted; but tus soon as tho
weather becamo warm all iho seeds
would conio up. Tho man who would
get thu most good from his garden
must plant for a succession through the
spring and summer. Thoro should bo
about throe plantings of pons four or
llvo of beans, Including tho Limns, not
less than live of sweet corn, ami an
early and lato planting of tomatoes.
All tho vegetables which mature- early,
like spinach, peas, lettuce and radishes,
hhould Iki planted on adjoining plats,
and as soon us they aro past uso tho re
mains should bo at onoo removed and
tho laud replanted. Tho laud on which
early potatoes nro grown will grow
squashes, cabbages, corn, or tomatoes
for a second crop. Sweet corn may bo
planted as lato as duly 4 to l.r, and
there should bo three mouths nt least
in wh eh thoro Is a constant supply on
hand. A rich, well-drained garden,
planted with good seed and thoroughly
cultivated, is a joy to tho housekeeper
and will save many dollars to thu fain-
i'y-
Ho Probably Didn't.
A tramp who called at a house on
Columbia street yesterday and asked
for money was handed a penny by the
woman.
Miid.uno," he said, after ho had
looked nt it for a moment, ! liopo you
have done nothing rtushly not deprived
your family of am of tho necessities ol
life or given mo money which ought to
havo been saved for rent."
4,0h, well," alio replied, as she made
rcadv to close tho door, "wo aro all ox
pti'tod and commanded to make sacri
fices now and thou. 1 hope von won't
gamble or get drunk with lO'Ikltvu
Fet frets.
To memory dear Tiio ulckcl jon dropped
lntoth itrtw when ou ptltl jour horo-ci
tire -Vrw Ilatm .Yw,
Notbloff w urU a wotnin it to cet tin
cutler locked Iu car track ayd thca attempt
to turn al inert V' San,
THE A3TO.T LIBRARY.
In trrcntlnir Information m to tiio I'm
AVJilcli In Mnilo orits Treasures.
The th.rty-elghth annual ropoit of
the Aslor library for tho year ondins
Dec. 31, 188G, presents a variety of in
teresting and valuablo statistical in
formation, tho principal features of
which aro briefly summarizad as fol
lows: There was expended for books and
binding during tho vcar tho sum of
$11,801.62. xTho fund'for tho library's
maintenance is $111,650, whilo tho en
dowment fund amounts to $l,422,fi'JJ-.
41. Its income was $22,712.17, show
ing a diminution of $1,555. 38. duo to
lower rates of interest. The insurance
remains tho same vis: On books,
$220,000; on tho building, $100,000.
Tho additions, by purchnso and dona
tion, amount in 3.GS9 volumes, exclu
sive of pamphlets. The total number
of volumes in tho library on the 31st
of December last, pamphlots excepted,
was 225.179. Tho trustees stato that
tho cardinal idea of its being strictly a
library of reference has been rigidly
maintained. The lirst volume of thb
cataloguo in continuation of Dr. Cotrs
well's was printed in April, 188G, and
forms n bulky volume of 1,118 pages,
ending with and including the letter
"D." During 1880 tho number of
readers was 00,891. These figures in
clude nlcovo readers, who were 9,455.
This is a greater showing than that of
any showing sineo tho opeiilng of tho
library, except 1885. Tho most rc
niarkablo accession was a fino copy of
Ptolemy's Cosmography, edition in
1178, bound iu green morocco, the gift
of Mr. Astor.
A comparison of the figures exhibit
ed by tho table "showing thu number
of readers and books read" will prove
interesting." From this table it appears
that English literaturo leads the list in
popularity, with 18,373 readers, nnd
that works upon other subjects follow
in tho r order: American history, 14.
809; American literature, 10,115; French
literature, 7,220; lino arts, G.0H;
general scionco, 5,501; Hritish history,
5,180; med.iun and surgery, 5,212;
cinssical literature, -1,880; "philology
and linguistics, -1,520; encyclopedias.
4,005; heraldry and genealogy, 4,240;
French history, 3.87U; mechanics and
engineering, 3,557; German literaturo,
3,022. The studies which exhibit the
smallest number of admirers aro
Portuguese history, 8; Motherland
literaturo, 14; voyages and travels.
West Indies and Central America, 33;
Portugucso literature, 51; palieography,
07; zoology, 91; ethics, 40; ethnology,
17; conchology, 72. A more popular
library, or rattier an institution open
botli (lay and evening, would doubtless
mako a wide difference in many of
these figures. Certainly heraldry and
tho fino arts generally, not to speak of
English literature, would be greatly re
duced from the statistics hero present
ed. Tho most popular studies of tho 9,445
alcove readers seem to have bsion tho
figures showing the number of readers
theology, 510; line arts, 500; English
literature, 412; American literature.
243. and general scionce, 208.
Throughout tiio list about tho same
ratio as that given in tho preceding
synopsis is shown. An evidence of tho
interest which tiio visitors to tho
library tako iu invention is shown by
the fact that no less than 4.051 of the
alcove readers selected books treating
of patents. Xew York, Herald.
ew Form of Imbecility.
The fado is tho nowost in tho dudo
line. It, or ho, or whatever you chooso
to call this latest evolution hi modern
society, is an individual of tho advanced
order of tho dudo species. There is no
mention of tho fado in Darwin's works.
Tho idea, if a fado can bo associated
with iiloas, was first suggested by a
smart Boston girl. Sho defines a fade
as a dudo who novor smiles, is inclined
to bo sickly, nud seldom talks. When
ho doos ho says nothing. Thoro is al
ways a far-away look about a fade, us
though ho had not conio to stay. Tho
same characteristics of tho dudo belong
to tho fade. Ho wears tho high colar,
cultivates tho slim neck anil smokes
cigarettos. Tho more cigarettes a dudo
tmokes tho nearer he approaches a fade.
IIo smokes and smokes, his collar growa
tailor and his nook slimmer, until ho
just fades away and is gone forever.
The fado is a warning to dudes. There
are several of the latter species iu Bal
timore that, unless cheeked iu thoir
sillily caroor, aro iu a fair way of de
clining into fades. Baltimore Aimri
siiu. IIo Didn't Disappoint Her.
A Circassian was walking along ono
road and a woman along another,
l'ho roads finally united Into ono, and,
reaching tho point of junction at tho
jaino time, thoy walked on togothor.
l'ho man was carrying a la rgo Iron
kettlo on his back, in out) hand lie field
a live chiokeu, iu tho other a cane, and
ho was leading a go;vt. Thoy noared
a dark ravine. Said tho woman:
am afraid to go through that rav no
w th you; it is a lonely place, anil you
might overpower mo ami kiss mo by
force." Said tho man: "How can l
possibly overpower you and kiss you by
force whou I havo this groat iron ket
tlo on mv back, a oauo in ono hand, a
live chicken iu tho other, nnd am lend
ing this goat? I might as woll bo tied
hand and fooL" "Vos," replied tho
woman; "but if you should stick your
cano in tho ground and tlo your goat to
it, and turn tho kettle bottom-sido up
nud put tho chicken under it, thou you
might wickedly kiss mo in spito of my
res stance." "Sueeos to thy ingenui
ty, O woman!" said ho rejoicing to
himself. "I should novor have
thought of this or s mdar expedients."
Ami when thoy camo to a ravinu ho
stuck his cauoin the ground and tied
tho goat to it. and gave tho chicken to
tho woman, saying: "Hold it while I
cut somo grass for tho goat," and then
so runs tho legend lowering the ket
tle from his shoulders he put tho fowl
under it and wickedly kissed the
woman, as sho was afra.d ho would,
Chamber Journal,
POWDER
Absolutely Pure.
Tills powder never vnrlcs. A mnrvel ot
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or phosphate powders. Sold only in enns.
Kovai, 1Jaki.no Powder Co., 100 Wall St.,
N. Y.
A. L. COBB, M. D.,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
IlftvinR permanently located in Alder,
Union county, Oregon, will be found ready
to attend to rnllH in nil tho various towna
nnd settlements of tho Wullown valley.
Chronic I1kcuhc u Specialty.
SESTMy motto is: "Live and let live."
DEPOTJOTEL.
A. O. CBAIO, - - Proprietor.
(Union Depot, Oregon.)
Splendid nccommodationB for commer
cial men. Tables olwayB supplied with the
best the market affords.
PIIoT AND Col.I MlNERAIj BaTHS"S
KENTUCKY LIQUOR STORE
AND SOIA rACTOKY.
Cor, Main and I Sts., - Union, Oregon.
SHICItrtlAN &IIIL.ISY, Vrop.
Manufacturers and dealers in Sodn
Watr, 8arBaparllln, Oincer Ale. Cream
Soda nnd Champagne Cider, Syrups, etc.
Orders promptly tilled.
COMMERCIAL
Livery ai Feet
OrrosiTK Ckniknnial, Hotel..
JOHN S. ELIOTT,
ritOPIUETOR.
IfavinR furnished this old nnd popular
hostelry with amplu room, plenty of feed,
Rood hostlers and new buggies, is better
prepared than ever to nccommodato cus
tomers. My tonus aro rca-sonable.
COVE TMERY.
Adam Crossmax, l'uoi'iuuTon.
Has now on hand nnd for salo the best of
HARNESS, LADIGO,
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POKTliAWW PKICGS
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66
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E. GOLL1NSKY & CO.
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becmnt Mtmua ami Dopondrnt, anil the inotl opes
become Oloouijr anil SuipIcUouii life It a mlicry and
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SPRING BLOSSOM
i otrzuss v
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Manufacturers
CARRIAGES, BUGGIES, PHAETONS
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MITCHELL FARM AND SPRING WAGOMS.
CANTON CLIPFER PLOWS, HARROWS. ETC.
GALE CHILLED PLOWS. AND IDEAL FEED MILLS.
SEND FOR CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. FREE.
MITCHELL & LEWIS GO,, Limited.
192-194 Front St, Portland, Oregon.
KIMBALL
Pianos & Organs
E. M. FURMAN, Agent.
WALLA WALLA,
HOWLAND & "WILSON",
Munfacturors of
PURNITUR
Main Street, Union, Oregon.
Keep constantly on hand a largo supply of Parlor and Red Room Sots, Bed
ding, Desks, OfllcoFurniturc, etc.
Upholstering Done in the Best Style.
Lounges, Mattresses, and all Kinds of Furniture mado to order. Your patron-
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JON
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-Dealers in
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Variety and Fancy Goods.
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Musical Instruments, Picture Frames, Bird Cages, Baby Carriages, Etc.
Candies, Nuts and Fruits, Sohsol Books, Stationery, Periodicals, Novels
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Orders from all parta of tho country promptly ivttonibd to.
PHOTOGRAPH
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Ail Work Warranted to Give Satisfaction.
VIEWS OF RESIDENCES TAKEN ON APPLICATION
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BROS