THE HOUSE OF CHESTERFIELD.
A rntnlly That Ilns Xumbcrcd Among
Its Mcmbci-H Many Gifted mid
, Illustrious Men.
Tho London dispatches announce
that Gcdrgo Philip Stanhope, carl of
Chcstcrlield, is dead, aged GG years.
The casual reader of tho brief notice
trill pauso only to remember that it was
an carl of Chcstcrlield who wroto tho
famous letters to his son, and mado his
own name tho familiar synonym of
grace and cloganco. But tho tlend carl
represented not only the nobility of a
great family; ho was tho titled repre
sentative of a race of illustrious men,
who wore distinguished as statesmen,
diplomatists, soldiers, historians, au
thors, poets, and actors.
Tho wit and grace of tho best known
Chesterfield caino through his mother
from one of the most distinguished
men of tho lime of William III. Ho
was George Savile, marquis of Halifax,
commonly known in history as Lord
Halifax. Speaking of his deatti in
1G95, Macaulay says: "Ho was tho
most accomplished, tho most enlight
ened, and, in spito of great faults tho
most estimable of tho statesmen who
were formed in tho corrupt and licenti
ous Whitehall of tho Restoration." His
daughter married tho third earl of Ches
terfield, and their son was Philip Dor
mer Stanhope, whoso letters to Ids sou
have made ids name so famous.
Tho wit and genius of Halifax did
aot coufino themselves to tho legitimate
lino of descont, and tho bar sinister
was no impediment to tliolr ricli inher
itance. Tlio accomplished statesman
left n natural son, by name, Henry
Carey, dramatist and poet, whoso plays
arc no longer played, but Iwhoso an
them, "God Save tho King," will likely
ho sung by millions as long as there
aro English people to slug it. Anil
from this Henry Carey decended, still
with tho bar sinister and tho genius of
(lis great ancestor, Edmund Kuan, tho
famous actor. Hero is a study in
heredity and environment. Chostor
Sold, in his own language, "sacrificed
tho graces;" Carey yielded to tho
oiu'ses, and Kean was a thesniau vota
ry. And hero, too, is ti study in pos
nbilltics. Henry Carey was tho half
arothorof Chesturflold's motlior. Sup
ooso their escutcheons exchanged.
Darey would have been tho marquis of
Halifax, and might have been a great
itatcsman, but likely enough English
icarts would not now throb to "God
save tho Queen." Edmund Kean, in
stead of being remombercd as a great
let or, wouIdTiavo been a respectable
3oer, forgotton probably with his
loath. Cnostorflotd, doubtlois, would
lavo had tho run of tho theaters and
;ho company of men of wit, but wo
would have had no codo of elegance
tnd Dolitouoss. witli ironorosltv and
Morality eliminated, such as the gaeious
sari has bequeathed to posterity.'
Hut something of credit is duo to
die Stanhope side of tho house, of which
Sarey and Konn aro no parcel. Tho
Stanhopes boast of throe peerages;
Dhesterlleld, Stanhopo.and Harrington.
Plio Hon. Alexander Stanhope was a
rounger son of tho first oarl of Chester
ield, and was a distinguished diploma
ts t in about Queen Anne's time. Ills
loscondauts were conspicuous in stato
jruft, literature, and war. Tho Halifax
jlooil did not How in their veins. An
Karl Stanhopo was created. Tho third
jurl married Hester Pitt, daughter of
.ho great Lord Chatham. Their oldest
laughter was Lady Hester Lucy Stan
jopo. Wo all know "Tho Burial of Sir John
Moore." His deeds desorved to bo re
liumborod, but ho has been immortali.
!d by vorso. As tho hero was dying he
aimed to Capt. Stanhope, of Ids stall',
ind said: "Stanhopo, remember mo to
four sister." Those wore his last
words. By the struggling moonbeams'
misty light, and with only ids martial
jloak around him, they carried the
load warrior to tho ramparts. Slowly
ind sadly thoy laid him down, and in
die gravo where thoir hero thoy buried
it is supposed thoy also buried tho love
nd oxpootanoy ot Lucy Stanhopo. If
Halifax gave to his grandson, Chostor
3eld, wit and oloquonce, Chatham gave
als granddaughter vehemence and
Horniy passion. Tho granddaughter
jf Chatham, tho mistress of tho house
hold of her uncle, William Pitt, tho
abject of the admiration of Sir John
Mooro, she displayed all tho charming
(cooiuplishmenU that came with tho
Stanhopo blood. But when misfortunes
camo, with hor unelo det.d and her
.over carried, fresh and gory, from tho
tiold of his fame to his unsepulturcd
zrave, tlte passion and bitterness of the
ttormy Chatham foil upon her, and she
spurned and turned her back upon tho
world sho had known.
She wandered about tho shores of tho
Mediterranean for u fow years, and
then, to got furthor still from civiliza
tion, sho sought a home among tho
half barbarous tribes of Mount Leba
non. She adopted tho faith, tho man
no rs. and the garb of tho oast, and for
nearly a quarter of a century was tho
object of tho curiosity and speculation
of travolors and awo and reveronco of
her barbarian associates. Her lover
had died surrounded by Ids friends,
but witli no tlmo for tho atuiotionato
and impressive ceremonies with which
soldiers testify thoir grief over a doad
comrade. Slid died without an early
friend near hor, without even one of
her own race to give her a sympathetic
look, not a civilized hand to close her
eyes. Tho uncouth people about her
dug a gravo in her garden and laid her
away, givmgno thought to tho fact that
she was Lady Hester Lucy Stanhopo,
of the blood of one of tho oldest ami
proudost families of England, grand
daughter of England's greatest minis
ter, ami beloved by one of England's
most heroio soldiers.
But about the dead oarl across tho
-water: He is a dead pier of distin
guished lluenge and somo public ser
yico, but among tho many erratic and
gifted peoplo of his house lie is not suf
liclontlv conspicuous to bo ntadu more
than a text for comment. Louisville
Couricr'Joumat.
IfftHiiu immigration.
There has been of late n slight im
provement In tho immigration business
of this city, but it must Have noon no
ticed that this immigration has been
almost wholly from one country Italy
During the pat threo months four
fifths of the immigrants arriving in Now
Orleans have been Italians. Friday an
other shipload readied here, and th(
number of arrivals from that country
during tho year has been unusually
large.
New Orleans already possesses a large
population of Italian birth or descent,
which will bo swollen by this now move
ment, as nearly all tho now comuri
havo established themselves immediate
ly in tills city, and few havo left hero tc
look for homes in the interior.
It is only of late years that tho Italian
has bccoino much of an immigrant.
Until tho organization of tho kingdom
of Italy the population remained at
home, where many districts were con
gested, witli a population greater than
tho land would readily support.
The first tide of emigration from the
peninsula was toward South America.
Somo fow of the Italians established
themselves in Brazil, but the great ma
jority settled in tho Argentine Republic
and Uruguay. Tho prosperity of tho
former state tho most prosperous just
at present in our southern continent
is duo mainly to its Italian immigrants.
Thoy havo mado industrious, intelli
gent, progressive citizens, and havo
dono well in whatever business thoy
havo engaged in agriculture, stock
raising or trade. They coustituto to
day tho chief clement of tho European
population of tho Argentine Republic,
and the sourco of its greatest industry
and wealth.
There has always been some Italian
immigration to Now Orleans and other
portions of the Gulf coast; but tho pres
ent tido of this Immigration to tho Uni
ted States did not begin until a fow
years ago. It is said that tlio first Ital
ians coming to Now York did so under
a mistaken idea that thoy were going
to Buenos Ayres. However, that may
bo, they remained, and I lie tido soon
set in earnest in that direction, carry
ing into tho north thousands of Italians.
Their trial was n hard one. The
newcomers were generally poor, had
fow friends, wero wholly unacquainted
with the language of tlio country and
unaccustomed to the climate. Despite
all these obstructions tlio Italian colo
ny in Now York has grown ..nil pros
pored. it is nuito evident that Italy is to be
come a source of largo immigration in
tlio liilurc, lor it is thickly populated,
with a rapidly increasing population.
Fifty years ago hut fow Germans had
left tlio fatherland to seek homes in a
new couutrv: but tlio Germans havo
sinco proved thoinsolvos admirable im
migrants; anil so the Italians are prov
ing to-day.
Italy has pJacou no liimlranco in tlio
way of emigration, but it lias been the
groat aim of tho government to prevent
this loss of subjects by securing a pos
session in Africa of clsowhoro to which
an Italian can emigrate without losing
ids citizenship or forfeiting Ids tie to
Ids own laud. Tills is one of tho chief
aims of tho present government; and
should it succeed, there is little doubt
of Italy establishing a strong colonial
empire, after tho manner of Rome of
old. Tho Italians from tlio earliest
times have been excellent colonists;
and there is no reason to doubt tite r
colonizing capacity to-day. New Or
leans Times-Democrat.
VIVISECTING A CALF.
Prof. Curtis Vet-forms tho Oporntlon
In Order to Show tho Action
of tlio Heart.
In tho prcsonco of a big class of
students which filled tlio amphitheatre
of tlio upper lecture-room of tho Col
logo of Physicians and Surgeons yes
terday, Prof. J. G. Curtis, lecturer on
physiology, mado a novel vivisection
to demonstrate tho action of tlio heart,
about which thoro is considerable diver
sity of opinion among tlio great physi
ologists. Prof. Curtis holds that tho heart
shortens. It became old Janitor
Mike's duty to keep his eyes pooled for
any of Borgh's men who might be pies
cnt in a disguise and put a stop to tlio
demonstration in its most important
stago. When tho coast was clear anil
Miko satisfied himself that only those
who had business in the locturo-room
voro thoro. Prof. Curtis began his
lecture.
Ho discussed tlio merits and domorits
of the famous physiologists and tried
to show that the heart really sliortonou,
by reading from accented writers wlto
had mado a number of experiments to
support their theory. Before ho finisli-
oil speaking lour ot his assistants olail
in rough bod ticking gowns dragged in
an unsuspecting calf. Tho calf was
placed in a V-shaped trough ith four
stout slats nailed to tlio top and bottom,
two on each side. Straps field the an
imal motionless Sponges saturated
with etlior wero clapped over tho ani
mal's nostrils and soon reduced it to
unconsciousness. Then Prof. Curtis
kol.ed a long, koen-odged knife and
made an incision extending from tho
head down to tlio belly. In a few
strokes he cut nway tho hide, and with
an instrument like a pair oi pruning
shoars ho cut out tho breast plate, ex
posing tlio lungs and the heart in its
sac. Tlds was carefully removed and
then the students mado a rush to seethe
effect it had on tho calf.
There lay the heart, bobbing about
with every respiration tlio animal made.
Whon tho lungs wero lillod with air
thoy almost entirely covered tho hoart,
but during the expiration it camo into
view again and its action could closely
bo studied. With a nair of delicate
compasses Prof. Curtis followed tho
jorky movements of the organ and
measured it in several positions, show
ing that in oystolo tho icart was a
tnllo shorter than during diastole.
Tho calf was kept alive just an hour,
which was tho tlmo tlio lecture lasted,
and just before it died Prof. Curtis tied
the aorta, the main artery, at tho point
of its attachment, and, with a single
stroke of the knife, cut tho organ out
and pinned it on a board between two
rows of long pins, in this position,
outside tho body tho heart made about
a dozen beat's, and it became even more
plain than before, by observing its & li
mit on between tho plus, that it short
ened when contracting, resuming it!
normal ti.o at tho end of tho beat.
Xcw York Wor'd.
IVING WITH A BROKEN NECK;
A Itcinnrltnblo C'mo In n llroolclyi
Hospital That 1m Attracting
Much Attention.
Tho attention of medical men ant
experts nil over Brooklyn and New
York is being attracted to tlio extraor
dinary case of Joseph Somcrs. who ha?
been living for over thrco months will
a broken neck in thn Homeopathic hos
pital on Cumberland street in this city.
It is not at all likely that ho will re
cover, but whether ho lives or dies he
will long servo as a most interesting il
lustration of tho error of tho widely
prevalent notion that a fracture of the
spinal column is immediately fatal.
Somcrs was a laborer. On tho evening
of tho 8th of last October, while undei
tho inlluenco of liquor, lie stumblco
backward down an areaway. Ho wa
taken to the Homeopathic hospital in
an ambulance, where, upon examina
tion, it was found ho had received so
voro injuries to the spinal column,
near the nape of tlio neck. There was
n deformity a ridging of the skin
that showed that tho bones of the spinal
column had been displaced. This de
formity was reduced, under pressure,
in much tho fashion of setting a broken
linger. This appeared to somewhat re
lievo tlio pain, which was, before that,
very intense. During two weeks Som
crs was completely paralyzed below
his neck. After that ho commenced to
slowly regain sensation in his limbs,
but only to a slight extent, so that he
has never possessed what a healthy
person would understand as feeling in
Ids leers. So completely has tho lower
part of his body boon overcome by tfiis
paralysis that tho hospital physicians,
in testing tho condition of his nerves.
havo tickled tho soles of his feet with
pencils and havo pricked tlio skin
sharply with pins, without producing
in mo injured man any sensation oi
pain. He can just manage to distinguish
which foot is being tickled or pricked
and that is all. The doctors have mado
several unsuccessful ellbrts to find out
tlio exact naturo of tho injury to the
neck. Somcrs can use his arms a little,
can talk, can move Ids eyes and tongue,
and his digestive organs aro not im
paired, so that ho can cat whatever
food happens to striko his fancy. His
brain has not been afibctcd nnd he
hangs, fully conscious, in this condi
tion, between life and death, waiting
for tho latter to put an end to his suf
ferings, which aro severe. Dr. Pcrsifor
M. Cooke, ono of tho hospital physi
cians, says that tlio man cannot recover,
but that ho may linger along in this
way for a long time. Dr. Lewis, the
surgeon of tlio visiting stair, wlio has
tlio caso in charge, is of tlio same opin
ion. So is Dr. Willis, who was tho sur
geon of tlio visiting stall' whon Somcrs
was taken to tho hospital. Thoro
novorjwas a caso like it in tho institu
tion. A reporter yesterday sought Dr.
John G. Johnson, tho export in spinal
diseases, and asked him:
"How can a man live with a fractur
ed or broken neck?"
"Ilo can not," roplied tlio doctor,
"except under certa.n circumstances.
If tlio spinal cord is much injured tho
person must die. Tho spinal column,"
picking up a huge medical work, and
opening it at a cut of tlio human back
bone, "is a very delicato and wonder
fully constructed piece of mechanism.
Tlio" top bone of tine spine is called tlio
atlas. On this tlio head rests. Tlio
next bono bolow is called tho axis.
It lias a tiny projection, no bigger than
a tooth. On this little projecting bone,
that you could break with a slight blow
from a tack-hammer, is pivoted the at
las and tlio head. Through tlieso bones,
starting from tho brain, runs the spinal
cord. All the nerves of organic life
start from tlio brain through tlio spinal
column. Tho backbone is composed of
a good many small bones dovetailed in
ono to another. Tho slender cord.'" ho
added, pointing to a largo colored
chart, "which is called tlio spinal mar
row, is a tolegraph wire, as it were,
carrying tlio current of life from tlio
brain to tho body. It is more than ono
telegraph wire it is a bunch of wires.
Ono wire transmits tlio power to see,
another the power to feci, another tlio
power to hoar, and so on. Now, you
can cut ono wire without cutting the
others. You can paralyze tlio lower
limbs without removing tlio power to
digest food. But it doesn't take much,
1 assure you, to injure tho spinal cord
that tho heart suddonly cease to beat
and the lungs stop their functions. One
of tho nerves which forms tlio spinal
column Is what is called tho pncuino
gastrio norve. Piieumo refers to the
lungs and gastrio of tho stomach, and
the nerve carries tho power to perform
their duties to both the lungs and tlio
stomach. It is evident from the de
scription of Somcrs' condition that his
pnouniogastrio nerves has not yet been
injured.
"Delicato as is tho spinal cord, it can
bo laid bare to tlio air without receiving
anv injury. P.eces of tlio backbone
have boon removed exposing tho cord,
tlio place has healed and no harm has
resulted. Even a temporary pressure,
it it be not severe upon this life marrow,
can bo recovered from. Or it might bo
possible to expose tho cord and insert
tlio point of a needle in the marrow
without producing fatal results. This
would depend largely, however, upon
what part of tho spinal column was
taken for tho experiment."
Tho doctor, In peaking furthor on
the subject, said that death, should it
occur in Seniors caso. would, it is like
ly, bo tho result of othor complications
arising from the patient's coulinemout,
from his exhausted vitalitv, and from
causes secondary to the original injury
to tho spinal column. Brooklyn A'ciyte
Tho Sunny South Ahead.
Goorgla man Talk about cold! You
folks don't know what cold is,
Omaha Man-tOh. come now!
"No, you don't. Why, down in Geor-
f;ia tho othor moring I couldn't oat in y
ireakfast for half an hour because my
tooth wore frozen up."
"See here, I'm not offering any priz
es, you know."
"But it nt trim as preaohlng."
Tooth fioson up! Where was vour
mouth?"
"Tho tooth worn'lin my mouth; thoy
wore in a glass of water. Omaha
World.
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ItoviL, liiKiNO Powder Co., 100 Wall St.,
N. Y.
A. L. COBB, M. D.,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
HavinR permanently located in Alder,
Union county, Orcfion, will bo found ready
to attend to calls in nil the various towns
nnd settlements oi the Wallowa valley.
Chronic WIhcuncs n Specialty.
P-My motto is: "Livo and let live."
DEPOT HOTEL
A. 0. CRAIG, - - Proprietor.
(Union Depot, Oregon.)
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-COMMERCIAL
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OrrosiTE Centennial Hotel.
JOHN 8. ELIOTT,
PROPRIETOR.
Having furnished this old and popular
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good hostlers and new buggies, is better
prepared than ever to accommodate cus
tomers. My terms are reasonable.
OOVE TANNERY.
Adam Crossma.v, Puopkietoii.
naa now on hand nnd for sale the best of
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.
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flTflrErSIA dm men peculiar cbaracrtrlittri thu
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YOU OAJ XE1 OUIVE2IX
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