ILLUMINATING OAS.
History of Itn Invention nncl Process
es Employed In Its Mnniifncturo.
Tlio first artificial production of illu
minating gas from coal was made by
ono Dr. Hales, of England, about tho
year 172C. This was simply dono as a
scientific experiment, and was not put
to any practical use. In 178G the harl
Dundonald, of Scotlandobtained burn
ing cas bv distillincr coals, and for ex
periment lit up his" castlo with it. In
1792 Wm. Murdock put in apparatus
for tho uso of cas in Ids worksliops at
Redruth and Cornwall, and was tho
first to reap tho full advantage of the
tliscorcry. in W)H tnc bono foundry,
near Birmincliaiu, Eng., was lichtcd
by gas, and soon after it was introduc
ed into the mills 01 JNiancncstcr. in
1813 London bridgo was lit by cas, and
by 1819 it was used throughout tlio
main part of that city, and was soon
after introduced in all the large towns
of England and Scotland. About 1800
a French sciontist also discovered tho
method of making gas. and it was
Generally introduced into continental
circles about tlio samo timo that
England becan to mako uso of
it. Tho manufacture of gas consists in
distilling from coal the hydrogen con
tained therein and freeing it as far as
possiblo from impurities before it is
used for purposes of illumination.
Burning gas can nlso bo mado from
wood and from corlain oils, but tlio
labor of its manufacture from tlicso
substances renders it very unlikely that
they will ever bo extensively used for
this purpose, liltumlnous coal is tno
Bubstanco almost universally used, ana
tho process of distillation is as follows:
Tho coal is put in a closed retort of
cast iron or fire-clay over a coal liro,
nnd in about four hours it has given
you all He gas, leaving tho coko only
In tho retort Tho gas passes Into n
largo pipe, called tno liydrauno main,
Which is kept partlv filled witli water.
Hero tho water, ammonia, tar and
other matters that cscapo from tho conl
with tho gas aro partlv condensed,
From tlio hvdraulio main tho cas is con
ducted into tho coudonsor, a series of
bent iron tubes, which aro kept as cold
as possiblo by means of a stream of
cold water upon their ousldo
Biirfacc, to further arrost its im
purities bv tho process of condensation
It thon goes through a caso called tho
Ecnibbor, which contains pieces of coko,
over which water constantly tricklos, to
oliminato any traces of ammonia that
.illl 1 . i . ' i -f. 1 1. ! ! L
I ii u j aim cnng 10 H. rioni una ii puss
es through tho limo purifior, an iron
box lulled with shelves, on which is
E laced slaked limo, to absorb tlio car
onic acid In tho cas. Part of its sul
phurotcd hydrogon is also taken out
liore, and tho remainder is eliminated
by a passago through causllc, sawdust
nndioxido oi lead, or iron sulphalo.
Tho cas is now ready to bo passod into
mains and conducted to largo rosor-
volrs, whonco It is convoyed to houses
for use In largo gas manufactories
this process goes on continually, tho
coko being ronioved from tlio retorls as
fast as mado, and fresh coal pilt iu. It
Is said that tho quality of gas largoly
dopends upon tlicdogrco of heat applied
to tlio coal In tho retorts; if theso aro
insufficiently heated tho gas will bo im
perfectly distilled, wliilo if tlioy aro too
hot tho gas itself is partially decom
posed, and becomes dollelont tu illu
minating power. Whon pronorly mado
Illuminating gas is puro nyaro-carbon,
containing J)2 por cont. of carbon and 8
per por cent, of hydrogon. Tlio aver
ago yield of gas is about 10,000 cubio
feet to every ton of coal. If it could bo
furnished to consumers at tho moro
cost of manufacture, without tho usual
premium paid to corporations that con
trol it, it would bo tlio cheapest illu
minator known, and would also hecomo
extensively and sorvieeably used as a
fuol. Toledo HUtde.
An Old Debt.
I worked n month for Dr. Fox, unit
When tho end hud come,
1 went to him to jct my pay ten
Dollars wns Uio sum.
Ho handed n receipt In full, with
(3rln of vengeful mirth,
l'or services professional tlio liiornlnir
Of my birth.
And now I think It would lmvo been
So wonder I'm forlorn
Ten dollnrs In my pocket If I never
Had been born I
The JtumWtr.
Hints for tho Iluth.
Wo "take cold" through tho skin, It
should bo romeinbored, ns wo also
broatho through it, throwing oil' super
fluous heat which becomes fovor whon
perspiration Is supprcssod nnd nlso
sending off waste products. Persons
who have any tendency to pulmonary
discuses should make their skins active.
A double handful of common salt
thrown into tho bathing water after
tlio cleaning process lias boon perform
ed is a bonoiieinl addition. The saiino
particles aro very penetrating, and no
amount of rubbing will remove thorn
from tno skin, upon which thoy exert n
mast usoful, though a gentle, stimulat
ing influence, especially salutary in
casos of slugirish llvor. "Not only does
this act locally on tho slon, increasing
itssoiTotioiiB, but also increases tlio pro
cesses of nutrition in all the tissues of
tho body. Thumbluss m (tons of ordi
nary Turkish toweling aro ns good as
tho most costy Kjiongi's for tho luxury
of tlio dally "rub bath." A largo Tin
kislt towel, wrung out in either tepid
or colli water, will expedite tho bath
ing process; and by all means nrovido
a goodly sized towel for tlio dry rub
afterward. Turkish towels that como
tho slo of crib sheets aro the most
useful for this, and the luxury of keep
ing two Idiot) bath sheets in daily use
is known to tlio initiated few. After
eithor.n cold or a warm plunge bath
tho immediate covering of the whole
body in a largo wrap of linen or tho
soft tufted cotton gives tho sensation
of luxury that some pooplo nevor
know. -Veto Orleans iHoagune.
To Improve the Sphere.
A little mora "poncu on earth, good
will to man," us tlio preacher says,
might make tho whole business run n
bit moro smoothly, and not uatiso half
so mucluloiniiition foolishness this side
Iho bounio. Chicago lilitc Nem.
AFTER-DINNER SPEAKING.
A ICtiropenn Custom Thnt Ih Gaining
Ground In Thin Country.
A lump of soft coal crackled on the
hearth in tlio privato room of the
president of tlio New York Central
railroad tho other morning, and the
darting flames gave a cheerful look to
the spacious apartment. At a broad
flat desk Mr. Chauncey Dopow sat
busily engaged in signing his name to
annual passes when The Herald reprc
sontativo entered. After a few minutes
conversation something was said about
dinners. At the mention of this talis
manic word a sweet sniilo played about
the corners oi his mouth; ho laid his
pen down, and, throwing himself back
in his chair, with his hands folded over
tlio receptacle of so many good dinners
said:
"Dinners! Public dinners aro becom
inc an institution in this country. The
day is not distant when tho country
will rceomuzo the mlluenco oi alter
dinner speeches. The lecture platform,
which at ono time attracted to it tho
greatest mon in the nation, has bucomo
the stanipinc-cround of tho small talk
or with the stcrcopticon. Thcro aro
few public occasions upon which tho
orator is civon an opportunity. In
deed, oratory no lonccr enjoys tlio
place it did iu public estimation. Tlio
nowspapors aro everything. Tlio press
has seized the scepter of tho orator and
lecturer.
"Just look into tlio great national
assemblies. Tako the houso of repre
sentatives at Washincton, for instance.
The day of speeches is past Tlio
printing-press is moro effective than
tho voice for puttmc a speech bctoro
the members. But all tiiis is bad for
the interchnnco of ideas. It disposes
with all friction. Now, nothing keeps
tlio public so wide awako as tho clash
ing of ideas. J list soo how tho dinner
allecLs this. Mr. Sc-and-So is a great
boliever in a project. It is his hobby
ho rises at the table in answor to a
toast, and ventilates it His neighbor
entertains a different opinion, and ho
rises to tear it to slirods, believing ho
will toss it to tho windi, to bo irromc
dibly scattered. Now, without tlio
formality of a dobato, a groat question
may liavo boon brought up and dis
cussed. Tlio pross soi.es upon it nnd
agitates it. Liko magic the wliolo
country iu a week's timo is thinking it
over."
"Then vou bcliove mattors of Cereal
public interest will bo discussed at these
dinners?" asked ilie Jicruid s ropro
sontativo.
"I do, indeed. In Michigan, you
may have noticed, thcro was a ronubli
can dinner given, to which all tlio
prominent niombors of the party wont,
from tlio farmer to the political chief
tains. Mon of all kinds had an oppor
tunity to speak. You sec, if a man's
views aro unpopulnr ho is shut down
upon, nnd if his vlows aro forcibly pre
sented, mon will listen attentively to
him. You will noto how many dinners
aro being given by ono association or
another at which thoro is speaking af
terward, as a inattor of course, in Eu
rope, whon any great onterpriso is to
bo started, a public dinner is given, at
which it is announced. Tho custom is
boing taken up hero, and 1 think before
long that associations, clubs, sociotios,
and promoters of enterprises will resort
to the banquet as tlio best means of
gotling men togothor to sot thorn tliink-
"What is your porsonal expononco
of after-dinner spoaking?"
"Well, 1 don t know how a man who
can talk at all can havo a better chance
than at a dinner to fire into his ene
mies. What ugly tlrngs you can say.
My!" At tliis moment Mr. "Dopow pass
ed his hand over his mouth. It was an
impressive gesture. When tlio hand
fell a sniilo had been swept away.
"1 have," ho continued, "several
times in my life boon able to pour red-
hot shot at my foes, and in such a way
that thoy could not reply. 1 os, indeed,
a good spoakor can do efVeclivo work
after a dinner; ho can amuse and do
much besides to mako tho country think
on tho topics of the day. ' 1 am a strong
believer in the dinner and after-dinner
spoaking." Now i'ork Herald.
Iluclng With uit lets Floe.
John Grigsby, tho niuotocn-yoar-old
son of H. II. Grigsby, at Wostport, a
town about twenty-tlvo miles above
Louisville, Ky., had a toriiblo experi
ence tho other ovoning. Ho wont skat
ing with a party of friends on tlio river.
Doing more venturosonio than tho oth
ers, ho wont to the outer edge of tho
shore ice upon which thoy were skating.
lie had been thoro but a few moments
whon a groat cracking was heard, and
the port on upon which ho was stand
ing broke loose from tlio main body and
floated away. Ho begged his compan
ions to save" him. but it was impossible
for a skiff to bo pushed into tho great
grinding cakes and thoy wore power
less to give him assistance. In tlio
meantime tlio caku upon which tlio
young maimtood floated rapidly down
tlio river. Uno of His companions went
ionic and informed Mr. ungsby of his
son's perilous position, Mr. Grigsby
mmcdintoiv snddiod a horse and start
ed out to save Ids boy.
Ho eauio up even with him about thrco
miles down the river. Tlio cako was
only about one hundred yards from tho
shore. Mr, Grigsby followed it down
to within two miles of Louisville, a dis
tance of twoiitv-throe miles, when ho
gave two fishermen $10 each to go out
n a skill nnd rescue tho boy. After
much difficulty and danger thoy did so,
and brought tho young man safe to
shore, lie wns almost frozen to death.
Young (irigsby's cscapo was miracu
lous, as the cake on which he took his
terrible ride was not more than ten
yards square, and it was surroundod by
lingo pyramids of crushed ice, which
now and then with ponderous force
crushed Into tho Hoc, grlndlug pieces
out of it
A Complete Stop.
Conductor "Hero my good follow!
don't you know that if you pull thai
strap in tho middle you will ring both
bulls?"
Mlko I-'altli, an' Oi know thnt as
well as yorsulf. Hut It Is both luds ov
tho car 01 want torstop. Tfu Jmig.
If you have no dark place for the
fruit cans, wrap each one separately in
uenvy paper.
The oftonor carpets aro shaken the
ongcr they wear; dust cuts the fibre of
svovon goods.
When clothes aro Fcorlched remove
Ike stain by placing the garment where
the sun can shine on it.
To clean ivory, rub it with bicarbon
ito of soda, applied by means of a
toothbrush dipped in wnrm water.
To keep oilcloths looking new, wipe
jff tlio dust with a dry cloth, then rub
ivith a cloth dampened with kerosene
New tins should bo set over the fire
with boiling water iu tlicm for several
lours before food is put into them.
Jam Sauce A teacupful of water to
half a pot of jam; stir it in and melt it
on the liro; then strain it and pour it
round your pudding.
Tako thick slices of dry bread, dip in
?old water, and fry in butter or butter
and lard mixed, using a little salt, serv
ing immediately; nice for breakfast.
Solidified Beef Tea One way to be
guile an invalid into taking more beef
tea than ho isa willing to is to add
gelatine to it anil lot it cool in a mold.
Whon it is hard and liko jelly servo it
with 6alt and wafers.
Fried Bread Tako a half-pint of
sweet milk and add a well beaten egg.
and a little salt; dip m this slices of
bread (if drv let it soak a minute) ami
fry on a buttered griddlo until it is
slightly brown on each side. This is a
good way to use up dry bread.
Pocket Cakes "Children's pocket
cakes may bo mado of ono pint of
Hour mixed with the yelk of one
egg; sweeten with a cup of soft brown
sugar, Havor with any lavonto sea
soning mace, nutmeg or cinnamon,
Roll out quite thin and cut in fancy
shapes. Hake quickly.
For Sudden Hoarseness Boost a
lemon in the oven, turning now and
then that all skies may bo equally
cooked. It should not crack or burst,
but bo soft all through. Tako tlio
lemon while very hot, cut a piece from
tho lop, fill it witli as much sugar as
it will hold, and cat on going to bed.
Scotch Cakes These aro economical
so far as eggs aro concerned, nnd if
mado with care will melt in tho mouths
of children. To ono pound of flour al
low half a pound of butter, and a quar
tor of a pound of sugar; lot the butter
9tand in a basin near tlio lire to solton,
but not to melt; when soft rub it and
tho flour together, thon' knoad in the
sugar. Boll out in a shoot half an inch
thick; cut out cakes about two inches
square, bake until they arc a light brown.
Put them away in a stone jar, and thoy
will in a day or two gather moisture
enough to bo soft.
Good Cofl'eo Tho best coffee is mado
from mixed Moelia and Java berries,
Carefully roasted and ground. Pour a
coflbccupful into a pot thai will hold
thrco pints of water; add the white and
yolk of an egg, or two or thrco clean
eggshells, or a well cleansed and dried
bit of (ish skin the size of a ninepenco.
Pour uiioii it boil.ng water, and boil ten
minutes. Then pour out a littlo from
tho spout, in order to remove the grains
that may havo boiled into it, and pour
buck into tho not. Let it stand eight
or ten minutes where it will keep hot,
but not lion; boiling colleo a great
while makes it strong, or not so lively
or agrooable. If you havo no cream,
boil a saucepan of milk, and, after pour
ing it into tlio pitcher, stir it now and
then till tho breakfast is ready, that the
cream may not soparato from the milk.
Putting Things Away.
It seems tlio hardest matter, for somo
to acquire tho habit of putting things
where they belong, whon thoy have
lono with them, and there aro few
tilings more annoying to a careful
house keeper, than to bo constantly
picking up after two or throe of theso
nonconformists to neatness and order
It is a small matter when one has
dono with book, paper, work-basket
needle, thimble, scissors, etc., to put
every articlo where it belongs, but
whero sevoral misplace, and only one
ins all the putting away to do, it
amounts to a regular task, ami bceonios
sufficient excuse for sharp words and
angry looks.
Uio samo slovenly habit of scatter-
ng things about, is extended somewhat
to articles of dress, and this, that, or
the other garment, or bit of toggery is
east oil' and left knocking about till
wife, or mother, or some one, picks up
and puts away tho offending articlo.
Mothers sometimes indulge their
boys In this habit of scattering their bo-
ongings by making their sisters keep
order in their tracks, but this is injus
tice to brothers and sisters too, and oh!
men an injustice to future wives. How
many doniostie jars grow out of this
very habit of slovenliness on the part
of husbands!
Ono of the greatest drawbacks which
tlio wife finds to her enjoyment of the
socioty of her dual half, is this d.sro
gard of neatness, we might almost say
aversion to It. .Mm. Chute in St. Louis
Magazine
Wliero Prohibition Prevailed.
This Is tlio first drink of liquor for
four years," said a hard looking party
o another man of tho samo distin
guishing appearance, iu a Madison
troet saloon to-itav.
Four years?" interrogatively re
turned the party of the bocond part.
"How did you hold out so long? Swear
off on New Year's, or something liko
that?"
"No," said tlio other; I have been
iving whore this sort of thing isn't
allowed."
"Hoen to Iowa, maybe?"
"No, sir; been to "Jollet." Chicaao
Mail
Johnny Kouds the Papers.
New York Sunday school teacher"
Johnny, what are the wages of sin?"
Johnny "Forty thousand dollors,
ma am,
"Why, whore do you find that?"
"That's what tho hoodlo Aldarmen
Cot,M H tttbitrg t hTvnitlo-rtlofraph.
(ROYAL r";tf 1
Absolutely Pure.
This powdor never varies. A marvel of
purity, strength and 7holesomcncss. More
economical than the ordinnry kinds, and
cannot ho sold in competition with tho
multitude) oi low test, short weiglH alum
or phosphate powdcrH. hold only in cans.
Hoy a t, 11aki.no I'ovtdkr Co., 100 Wall St.,
N. Y.
A. L. COBD, IVa. D.,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
Ilavinsr nermanentlv located in Alder,
Union county, Oregon, will bo found ready
to attend to calls in all tho various towna
and Battlements of tha Wallowa valley.
Chronic DIncuhcm Specialty.
P-My motto is: "Livo and let live."
DEPOT HOTEL
A. 0. CRAIG, - - Proprietor,
(Union Depot, Oregon.)
flnlAnrllrl n pen m m nflivt innfl ffir COmiTlCr
clol men. Tables nlwnys supplied with tht
best tlio market ullorus.
PtriloT and Cold Mineuaii BatusTEB
KENTUCKY LIQUOR STORE
AND SOB)A FACTORY.
Cor, Main and I Sts., - Union, Oreeon.
SIIKIl.MAN A: II LEV, I'ropn.
Manufacturers and dealers in Soda
Water, Sarsaparilln, GiiiRer Ale, Cream
Soda and Cliampacno uuer, syrups, eic.
Orders promptly filled.
COMMERCIAL
Livery ai Feed
OrrosiTE Centennial, Hotel,.
JOnN S. EL10TT,
PROPRIETOR.
Havine furnished this old and popular
hostelry with amnio room, plenty of feed,
good hostlers and new buggies, is better
prepared than over to accommodate cus
tomers. My terms are reasonable.
GOVE TANNERY.
Adam Cuossman, I'liontiEToa.
IIoii now on hand nnd for sale the best of
HARNESS, LADIGO,
UPPER and
LACK LEATHER.
SHEEP SKLVS, ETC.
I'OKTI,A.W PRICKS
Paid for Hides nnd Pelts.
SMOKE OUll
PIWCH
66
Best Havana Filled
Five Cent Cigar. 5
Jones Bros., agents, Union.
E. GOLLINSKY & CO.
SPRING
BLOSSOM
TUE QIIBAT
Anti-Bilious dyspeptic Remedy,
nxiij cuius
VRE YOU AFFLICTED?
nTBritrSIA dm inch pecolUr chracArttlca tbu
U nnnnncin mlltftkfl Olfl utcra of thhnmnUlnL
Iti IJ"nptoni are Nick Ilcailwchr, Hou- tllum-
tco,Kruciuiiunf, iicnnuurn, 11 uier uritati,
Sunalliullun, l'ulna In tlio Hlln nnd lUeK;
luruliiirHenaiillunntthe Hit oftlieHtMiuei.
,o of Apprtllr, etc. Tbo natural!) -aecrfBl
sreome Moruie and Dripondent, and Uw ttvl our
become Gloomy and Buinlcloui j m ! a nlaerr ana
a burden, and jet In tbe united Bute at icait twa.
ltlril ot the population are troubled wlUi Proem!
And LUtr CoaplAlnt, more or Icaa.
vou oak uia orjTumx
Spring Blossom is Soli on Its Merits.
ISnTRlAL SIZE, 10 GENTS.ffl
Sold toy all Dzf?ag:gist9f
SPRING
BLOSSOM CERTAINLY CURES!
Attn rift.ia, In tbttr mrrlad forma are al
ways loathaiuie more parueularlr to w ben la
tbe tbape cr jlolla or lMmploM oa
ladles' Uc -but whan tnla remedy la utti
according to directions a cure will certainly
follow. Is not what Is usually called Hitters
tbe taking of which. In many Instances.!
only a pretext for drlnktar-tut ta free from
Alcoholic 6 tmulaata. and U as efflcatldus la
Its rssolu to as Infant as 10 aa adult.
Salt Rheum and Sorofola
IIUU UCIIDSTllD, WBLU.TUT
SIOEKT10IS ALSO
CANCERS, TUMORS, ULCERS, ABSCESSES,
CAK 1 B SNTinKLT CUUKO DT
spK.i:.sra blossom
MITCHELL 6c LEWIS CO.,
(LIMITED.)
Factory, Racine, Wis. Branch, Fortlanfl, Orepi
Manufacturers
CARRIAGES, BUGGIES, PHAETONS
Buckboards, Road Carts, Spring Wagons, Etc.
MITCHELL FARM AND SPRING WAGOMS.
CANTON CLIPPER PLOWS, HARROWS, ETC.
GALE CHILLED PLOWS. AND IDEAL FEED MILLS.
SEND FOR CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. FREE.
MITCHELL & LEWIS GO,, Limited.
192-191 Front St., Portland, Oregon.
KIMBALL
Pianos & Organs
E. M. FURMAN, Agent.
TOLA WALLA,
HOWLAND & WILSONT,
Munfiicturers of
URNITURB
Main Street, Union, Oregon.
Keen constnntlv on hand a larsre sunnlv of Parlor ami Red Room Sots. Red
ding, Desks, Ollico 1'uriiiture, etc.
Upholstering Done
Lounges, Mattresses, and all Kinds of
age solicited.
JONE
Dealers in
Groceries, Tobaccos and Cigars.
Variety and
Watches, Clocks and Jewelry.
Musical Instruments, Picture Frames, Bird Cages, Baby Carriages, Etc.
Candies, Nuts and Fruits, Schsol Books, Stationery, Periodicals, Novel,
Etc., of Evory description.
Orders from all parts of tho country
PHOTOGRAPH
Jones Bros., .A.xtaLsi:s,
All Kinfls of Photoerapliic fort
New' Soenery and Accessories Just Received.
All Work Warranted
VIEWS OF RESIDENCES
of and Dealers in
WASHINGTON TERMTORT.
in ffie Best Style.
Furniture mado to order. Your patron
Fancy Goods,
promptly attendad to.
- GALLERY.
Done in a Superior Manner.
to Give Satisfaction.
TAKEN 01 APPLICATION