INDUSTRIAL TOPICS.
Competitive Test of the Dif
ferent Breeds of Cattle
Kept for Bee
Prospect that Horaca Will Bo Raised for
Export South of the Equator.
Testlnsr tlio IJccf Itrccdn.
The lending tncat-nroducinjr brcctls
of cnttlo that havo been developed in
Great Britain have been in this country
ninny years, ami tlio superiority of
citner or mem over tlio scrub or so-
called "native" stock of most of tiio
states has bcon acknowledged by feed
crivbutchcrs, and consumers. Still the
majority of farmers arc in doubt in
relation to the relative merits 6f the
different breeds. They all desiro to
keep cattlo of the breed that matures
the earliest, produces tho greatest
weight for the amount of food consum
cd, and furnishes the finest meat with
tlio least waste. Tho breeders of short
horn, Hereford, 'polled Angus, Suffolk,
and Devon cattlo havo claimed every
pomi ot merit lor tne Drcou they are
interested in. Many of them arc doubt
lessly honest in extolling tho breed
they keep over all others. It is as
natural that a man should prefer the
catuo lie Keeps as mat lie should con
eider tho members of his own family
superior to tno peopio 01 mo neignuor-
noou wiicro he lives. A careful and
painstaking urecucr ordinarily lias a
etroug tiltachmcnt for tho animals ho
raises. Fancy has much to do in caus
ing a man to select a particular breed
of animals, and an old adago runs
'There is no accounting for taste."
The majority of persons In the coun
iry who raiso animals lor occf aro as
undocldod in regard to tho compara
live merits ot tiio utueront breeds as
they were before there wero any discus
nions rosnoctinc tho matter. Tho few
agricultural colleges in tho county that
periorm any experiments In cattle
feeding havo not ventured to test tho
merits of tho difforent breeds, probably
ior tho reason that they fear togivo of-
icnse to breeders, it was generally bo
lioveu that tho established live-stock
shows would do much to dotormino
-willcn breed ot cattlo was tho most
profitable to raise for boef. lint the
displays of lino specimens of different
breeds apparently mado it moro dilli
cult than ever to dcaldo which was tho
best. lor this reason it was urged
mat a display of live cattlo was not
sufficient to enable persons to deter
mine tho comparative merits of tlio dif
ferent broods. Accordingly, spool
mons of different breeds of tho sumo
ago wero slaugthorod and tholr moat
Inspected by oxperts in order to deter
mine which was tlio best, lint tho block
tost did not docido tho controversy in
relation to superior merit. In a few
instances tho microscope was used for
examining tho dressed meat, and it was
thon subjeot to tlio table tost aftor it
bad been roasted or broiled.
All tho tests that havo boon made,
however for determining tho relative
valuo of tho different breeds havo not
resulted in convincing peopio that one
brood is greatly superior to tho othors.
Many contend that food exercises a
moro important inilucneo on tlio quali
ty of boof than the breed of the animal.
Prof. J. W. Sanborn, of tho Missouri
Agricultural college, states, us tho re
sult of numorous experiments mudo by
him, that tho kind of food and tho
manner in which it is prepared exert a
wondorful inlluenoo on tho quantity
and quality of the flesh of all kinds of
animals. Two steers of the siuuu brood
and of tho same age and size will fur
nish meat of very different qualities if
the food eaten by each is dissimilar.
Tlio meat of ono may bo beautifully
marbled, whilo that of tho other will
have all tho fat doposltod on tho sur
face. Ho contends that the compara
tive valuo of tho different breeds can
only bo determined by subjecting sever
al specimens of each to tlio samo
course of feeding during tho entire pe
riod of thoir growth, or at least from
the timo they aro weaned till they aro
slaughtered. A correct tost of a breed
can, in ids opinion, only bo made when
animals of different breeds are sup
plied with the samo kinds of food.
To , enable tho tost to bo mado ho
asks those interested in oaoh of the dif
ferent breeds to furnish him with ten
calves at woaning-timo, to bo kept on
tho collogo farm, to lx tended in tho
enmo manner, and furnished with tho
samo kind of food till thoy nro of an
ago to bo slaughtered. He w.shes to
havo tlio calves of each breud selected
by exports, so that thoy may bo good
representatives of tlio breed to which
thoy belong. It Is reported that several
associations of breeders liavo tukiui
stops to furnish Urn desired number o:
calves, and tlio prospect is that tho
competitive feeding experiment will
commence next spring. I'rof. Sanborn
believes that tho experiment will be of
groat valuo in deteriniiiiulng the rela
tive valuo of different breeds,, for tho
following reasons: First, those cattlo
will bo the best and ollluial representa
tives of thoir breed, and t litis not chal
lengeable. Second, all food will bo
woighed that is eaten, ami thus on lifty
head of such steers tho food required
for a steer's growth can. for ..tho lirst
timo bo fairly ascertained. Third, tho
increased cost of growth us an animal
advanues In ago or weight can bo accur
ately known and, calculated upon.
Fourth, tho varying growths of tho
krocds at tho varying ages can bo
found. Fifth, tho food required to mnko
a pound of growth on each breed will
bo found or tho amount required to
mature each brood. Sixth, by dividing
the cattlo Into tlirco lots tho iulluenco
of varying foods on inarbeling and fat in
general can bo found. Seventh, tho
ecouomy of food rations can bo well
tested. Klghtli, when fed upon tho
enmo food a fair tost of the relation of
breed to marbling or to quality of meat
will bo obtained. Ninth, those and
other points to bo tested will bo douo
without projudico at n public station
and for tho whole country. Tenth, tho
weights of the various vital and other
organs and parts will bo taken.
Eleventh, a study of the meat, fat, etc.,
Will I made under the microscope and
in tlio clicinlcni Juiiori'tory, as well m
by butcliotv. In short, tlio trial is to bo
full, both practically mid scientifically,
foods being analyzed, and no pains or
exponfo being spared to make tho tr.al
exhaust, ve.
i no experiment. However fairly con
ducted, will not dclinitcly determine
tho comparative merits of tlio different
breeds for various sections of the
cottnhy. It may conclusively show
winch breed is the most profitable to
keep in central Missouri and other
sections of the country where tho cli
mato and protection are similar. At
tho latitude named tiie winters are not
severe, blue-grass abounds, timothy
nnd clover arc used for hay, and corn
is generally fed to cattle intended for
slaughter. Tho breed shown to bo tho
best for tho section ot the country may
not bo the best breed for tho extreme
south, where tho grazing Is poor, where
no clover is grown, and where corn is
too scarce to use for fattening cattle.
Neither will it show which is tho best
breed of cattlo for tho range nnd ranch
whero animals have no protection dur
ing tlio winter, wiicro no grass is con
verted into nay, and where there is no
grains to feed. Ono valuable fact, how
ever, is an that should be expected as
tho result of any experiment. Other
experiments can bo tried witli a view to
determining tho best breed of cattlo for
tho cattlo-growing states and great
plains.
IforscB From tho lrnr South.
Tho demand for horses in all civilized
countries increases as wealth and cul
ture increase. The rich want horses
for promoting their pleasure, and all
classes want thorn for doing work. The
introduction of railroads did not rosult
in diminishing tho number of horses
that had been employed in tho trans
portation of passengers and freight.
Railroads apparently increased the do
mana ior an Kinds of horses, steam-
engines released from labor many horses
that had been employed for moving ma
chinery, but titer did not diminish tho
demand for them. Thoy woro all
wanted for other purposes. Horses
hold their price better than anv domes
ticated animal in every civilized coun
try in tho world. Horsos aro now hold
at high figures in this country, thotiirli
almost every othor farm product is vcrv
1... 'I'l... HI... i ii ! r i
i"". xiiu iinu to mv Uiisu in VjIiIlllUil.
England, France, and Germany. There
is a scarcity of horses in all tho coun
tries in western Europe, and importa
tions aro mado from various parts of
tuo world.
There aro strong indications that tho
various countries in Central and South
America will soon contribute to tho
supply of horses in North America and
i'.uropc. Many portions of Spanish
America arc literally lull of horses.
Darwin, who visitod most of tho coun
tries in South America about forty
years ago, stated mat horses wero so
cheap and plenty that thoy commanded
oniy a nominal price. .Nearly every
aiiuit man had irom live to ton, win la
every woman and child had at least
ono. Lady Florence Dixie, who trav
eled over tho territory of Patagonia a
few years ago, states that ovory inhab
itant had all the Horses ho wanted, and
mat great hocks of wild horses wan
dered over tho hills and plains. A
large proportion of those wero lino ani
mals, l ho natives stated that thov
wero easily caught and subdued, and
that thoy wero very docil. A travolor
who spent some timo In tho Argentina
Kopuulio states that borirars ride thorn.
and that the low price of horses mado
. -no
it easy for farmers to cultlvato thoir
iiuiu at very smiiii cost. Horses aro
also very cheap and plenty in nil tho
othor states in Central Anioriea.
fill... I . n
aiio nurses oi central ami bout H
Anioriea, like tho wild horses of Texas,
aro tho descendants of thoso brought
over by tho early Spanish conquerors,
I hoy aro generally of rather small
slzo, but aro active, vigorous and strong.
Thoy live during tho entire voar on tlio
nail vo -grasses anil other forago crops.
nnd as comparatively few of them
work thoy multiply very fast. Of
course thuso small animals aro not
suitable for most of the purposes for
which horsos aro wanted in liighlv civ
ilized countries. Thoy are not suited
to the cavalry or artillery service. They
aro too small for use on draws and
coaches. Probably thov lun'o too much
of tho wild nature about them to bo
very sorvicoablo on farms. Hut the
mares furnish good stock to breed
from. That tho peopio of tho countries
named, or at least tho most intelligent
of thorn, see tlio wisdom of grading up
inoir nurses is cerium, inning the
present year a very largo nuinbor of
lino stallions havo been shipped from
Scotland and England to tlio various
countries in South America, and a still
larger number will bo sent there next
season.
There is now a largo surplus of horses
in most oi mo provinces of Australia,
and thov aro geiiorallv of very good
uualitv. Not only roadsters, but hoavv
draught and race horses woro taken to
Australia ninny years ago, and with a
favorable climate and abundant feed
thoy havo multiplied vcrv rapldlv. That
countries in tho distant south will at no
distant future export largo numbers to
Europe and North America teeins cer
tain. The climate of those countries is
very favorable to horse-breeding. Lit
tie or no protectou is required, and tho
pasturage is good throughout tho year,
(razing laud is cheap and labor is low.
in the days of slow-going sailing ves
sels the risks of carrying horses across
me ocean wero great and tno expenses
heavy. With fast sailing steamships
the risks are few and tho cost small.
Livo stock like onliuarv merchandise,
can bo transported by water much
cheaper than by laud, ami with rapid
transit, but a small amount of food and
water is roqulrod. Chicago 'lmes.
Charged With Whisky.
"I don't know what I'm nrroatod for,
Your Honor, I'm an orsterman, and
went into a restaurant and got clamor
ous, that's nil. Asked tho waiter for
iish. 'What kind of lisli-bluolish?'
ways ho. 'It don't matter,' says I, Milne
or red, it's no difference to mo. I'm
color-blind.' Then ho thought 1 was
making fun of lum, and there was a
free fight."
"Otllcer, what was this man char rod
witl.P"
'Whisky. Your Honor."
'Ten dollars RnoYVhicago Ldgr.
THE NORTH OF IRELAND.
irnriiicrn Who Kono Not to lluvo
Homo Utile.
Dating from Belfast The London
Timet correspondent in Ireland writes:
Having spunt a considerable timo in
tho south nnd west, I determined to sco
something of tho other Ireland in tho
north. It is like a different country.
Even in Donegal tho change of accent
strikes ono, but on entering London
derry it becomes pronounced; nnd it is
not only in the'r accent, but in charac
ter and dispoistion, that tho people aro
closely allied to tho Scotch. Thoy are a
sturdy race, hardworking, independent.
and thrifty. "You know very little of
this country," said ono man; "if twclvo
people want to send a letter to Dubl.n.
they'd go 'co,' in tho penny stamp."
I visited Eomo substantial farmers in
Londonderry who would answer very
much to tho vcomau olass m England
Tho first was a prosperous man, who
had built a house lit for any gentleman
when ho had no lease, and who agreed
on a indicia! rent under the land act
without going into court. "Ye needn't
ask me anything," ho said; "yuv only
to look at "me to sec that I'm content
ed." Ho showed mo over his farm
yard and offices, and from the appear
unco of everything 1 should say that ho
cortainly ought to Ikj contented. Ho
declared, nevertheless, that it was very
hard now to make both cuds moot, if a
man is dopouding solely on tho land.
"It's not tho rent," he said, "but tho
prices; nnd you English with your frco
trade aro ruining us." His parting
injunction was delivered slowly and
with great emphasis. "When yo go
homo," ho said, "tell them, whatever
yo do, not to givo us home rule."
lho next man I saw had raised him
self by industry from tlio position of a
common laborer, and had built a house
fully equal to tho last Ho was con
tent to live fricndlv with his landlord,
ho said, as ovoryono ought to be, and
lie had fixed his rent with him out of
court. Ho grow a good deal of oats
and llax, nnd had a dairy of twclvo
cows, "l supposo you were glad the
homo-rulo bill was rejected?" I asked.
Yes, and tho last one, loo," ho said
eagerly, "Going to break our fifteen
years' judicial lease! Whatever hap
pens nftor let us havo our iifteon years
at any rate." I visited another of the
same class, who had had somo disputes
with his' landlord and was less content
ed, though his houso was if possible.
moro magniuccut than the othors, nnd,
like thorn, out of all proportion to tho
sizo of his holding, which was only
about ono hundred acres. He had
always taken an active part in politics,
ho said, and was evidently an extreme
radical: but ho abstained from voting
at tho last election, as ho would not
voto for a conservative and could not
voto for a homo-ruler. Many of tho
Presbyterians in tho north arc, I be
lieve, extremely democratic, and would
bo nationalists if it wero not for tlio
foar of being ruled by Romo. This
man also said that if he had nothing
but tho land, ho would find it very hard
to keep square and do justices to Ins
family; but tho open piano and hand
some lurnituro snowed wnat that
meant.
What to Teach Them.
At a social gathering someono pro
posed this question: "What shall I
teach my daughter?" Tho following
replies woro handed in:
Teach her that 10t) cents make a
dollar.
Teach hor to arrange tlio parlor and
the library.
J each her to sny ".No, and meau it
or "103, ' and stieic to it.
Teach her to wear a calico dress, and
to wear it like a quocu.
Touch her how to sew on buttons.
darn stockings, and mend gloves.
'loach hor to dress for lioalth and
comfort ns well as appearance.
Teach hor to cultivate flowers and to
koop tho kitchen garden.
leaen ucr to make the neatest room
in tho house.
Tensh hor to havo nothing to do with
intemperate or dissoluto young men
leach hor that tight hieing is uu
comely as well jus injurious to health.
loach hor to regard tlio morals and
habits, and not money, in selecting her
associates.
l'each hor to obsorvo tho old rule
"A place for everything, and everything
in its place."
Tench her that music, drawing, and
painting are real accomplishments in
tho Home, and are not to bo neglected
if th ore be time and money fur their
use.
Teach her tho important truism:
"That tho moro she lives within her in
como the more she will save, and the
further sho will getaway from the poor
house."
Teach hor that a good, steady, church-
going mechanic, farmer, clerk, or
teaehor without a cent is worth more
than forty loafers or non-producers iu
broadcloth."
Teach hor to omhraco every opnor
tunity for reading, ami to select such
books as will givo iter tho most useful
nnd practical information iu order to
mako tho best progress iu earlier as
well as later homo and school life.
Charleston (S. ('.) Dispatch.
G tun-Clio. wers.
Thero is n ludicrous habit iu this
country, which shows how childish
some people are. It is that of chewing
gum. 1 remember that Stephenson,
the novelist, in his "Silverado Squatters1
mentions that his gigautio Apollo in
tho foothills chewed gum and spat. It
is, 1 think, a habit imported from Mis
souri, or else it was acquired among
tho foothills when tobacco was scarce.
Hut grown tip Yankee people have on-
,rtfrjil .it fli.t iiln.i ci, .. A c ..... ... I. .
noted .Massachusetts professor, who
had lived hore several years, was sur-m-isod
bocausu I did not chow gum. At
lxw Angoles 1 did u favor for a San
Francisco practical politician that s,
I wrote for him a letter which ho h m.
solf could not write. 1 had aequ red a
toothache from dr liking too much ico
water, and seeing him take out a silver
plated box, l asked him for a bit of the
tobacco. "Its gum." he said Sun
Francisco Cor, Sew J'oJfc World.
'llll
Absolutely Pure.
lids powder never varies. A marvel of
nurity. Htreuctli mid wlio'csomenes. Moro
economical than tho ordinary kinds, nnd
cannot bo sold in competition with tho
multitude! oi low test, short weight nliitn
or phosphate powderH. Sold only in enns
Kovai.-Uakino I'uwuoi Co., 10G Wall St.,
N. Y.
CENTENNIAL HOTEL BAB.
E. MILLER, roprictor.
Ifavinc fitted up tlio Centennial Hotel
Ilar-room, und removed my stock ol
Wines, Liquors & Cigars
to that plnce, I urn better prepared tlinn
ever to eutcrtaln and regale my customers.
I keep nono but the best o!
Kaitern Iilquorn, Milwaukee, AValla
Walla, oiitl Union Ueer,
Also, the Finest Brands of Cigars.
COMMERCIAL
Livery and M
OrrosnK CENTUNftiAi, Hotel.
JOHN S. ELIOTT,
PROPKIETOR.
Havine furnished this old nnd popular
hostelry with ninple room, plenty oi feed,
good hostlers nnd new bujjgieH, is better
prepared than ever to accommodato cus
tomers. My terms are reasonable.
BY.
Adam Cnoss.MA.v, Pnoritmioa.
Ilns now on hand and for sale the best ol
HARNESS, LADIOO,
UPPER nnd
LACE LEATHER.
SHEEP SKINS, ETC.
Paid for Hides and Pelts.
SMOKE OUR
Oil B&VBfLJ??
66
Best Havana Filled
Five Cent
Cigar,
Jones Bros., agents, Union.
E. GOLLINSKY & CO.
A Positive Cure.
MEN. valine, middle-need nnd old
Binide or married, nnd all who suiter with
LOST i1IAiV1IOOI,
Nervous Debility, Spermatorrhoea, Seminn
Losses, Sexual Decay, Falling Memory,
Weak Kyc'M. stunted development, lack ol
energy, nnpovermlied blood, pimples, mi
pediments to mtirrince; also blood nnd skin
diseases, syplulirt, eruptions, hair lulling,
hone lmuiH, swelling, Horo throat, ulcers,
;!fects ot mercury, kidney und bladder
troubles, weak hack, buu'iui; urine, incou
tinence, Kouorrhocn, elect, stricture, rcceivo
enrolling treatment, prompt, reliel nnd
suro for lite.
Both Sexes consult confidentially. If in
trouble, call or write. Delays aro danger
ous.
Call at once: 25 years experience. Terms
UiBli. Ulllce hours b a. m. to a p, in.
DR. VAN MONCISCAR,
ia2-134 Third St. Portland, Oregon.
SPRING BLOSSOM
CTJH.E8
BOILS, PIMPLES, BLOTCHES
And Eruptions of the Skin. DyS'
pbpsia, Sick Headache, and all
KIDNEY COMPLAINTS,
1QT70TCTVTI3 OltOSN. nirvvirn vrt...
(Ion and blck lleid.che. md h.va fm.n.i i7i .... .. i.
mlrmbly m a rnlle Aperient aud lllood I'urlOtr. 1
oonilderltunrqualid. "You are a: lllarur to ua pm
ami kj a rcierence."
Price, 60oj Trial She, 10c
Sold tojr all iDruiererista
SPRING
BLOSSOM
CERTAINLY. OURBSI
Ekia Plittttt, In tlielr uirrtad fonni ant al
a;t loatuiciaa more particularly ao wbtu :t
lit lupe ut ISollu oi- lMmploM on
Ud!' facer -b when lull reined? It !Le&
icftudlDf (o direction! a cua will cenafulr
follow. It not wnat It utuaUr called a Nitert
-Hke lakiaf of which. In kEjr lsauacoa.!
only w prelttt for drtnktar but It free from
Alcoholic Si'mulanta, and la at efflcacloutta
tu ret &1U to aa 'uf act at to an alalu
Salt RliGum and Scrofula
Balk OIKIID T BlD,MaaiLTlir
iioaaTioni-aLeo
CINCERS, TUMORS, ULCtKS, ABSCISES,
CAN BR KNTWEI.T C'UHKD BT
spuhtc s&ossoai
gove tawi
MITCHELL & LEWIS CO.,
(LIMITED.)
Factory, Racine, Wis. BraiA, Portlanfl, Oreicc
Manufacturers
CARRIAGES, BUGGIES,
Bucicboards, Road Carts, Spring; Wagons, Etc.
MITCHELL FARM AND SPRING WA80MS.
CANTON CLIPPER PLOWS, HARROWS. ETC.
GALE CIlll-LEl) PLOWS. AND IDEAL FEED MILLS.
SEND FOR CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. FREE,
MITCHELL & LEWIS GO,, Limited.
192-194 Front St., Portland, Oregon.
KIMBALL
Pianos & Organs
E.
WALLA WALLA,
HOWLAND & "WILSON",
Muntrtcturers of
URN
Main Street, Union, Oregon.
Keep constantly on hand a largo supply of Parlor and Bed Room Sots, Bed,
ding, Desks, Office Furniture, etc.
Upholstering Done in the Best Style-..
Lounges, Mattresses, and all Kinds of Furnituro mado to order. Your patron
age solicited.
JONES BROS.,
Doalors in
Groceries, Tobaccos and Gigars.
Variety and Fancy Goods,
Watches, Clocks and Jewelry,
Musical Instruments, Picturo Frames, Bird Cages, Baby Carriages,. Etc.
Candies, Nuts and Fruits, Schsol Books, Stationery, Periodicals, Novels, .
Etc., of Every description.
Orders from all parts of the country
PHOTOGRAPH
Jones Bros., Lrtis-fcs.
All Kinds of notorahic Wort
Now Scenery and Accessories Just Received.
All Work Warranted
VIEWS OF RESIDENCES
of and Dealers iu
PHAETONS
FURMAN, Agent
WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
ITURE
promptly attondsd to.
- GALLERY.
Done in a Snoerior Haier..
to Give Satisfaction..
TAKEN ON APPLICATION