The Oregon Scout. r VOL. II. UNION, OREGON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 23, 1880. NO, 30. THE OREGON SCOUT. Au independent weekly Journal, issued eve y Bnturdny by JONES & CHANCEY, Publishers and Proprietors. A. K. Jones, ) Kdltor. f i 11. Chancev, ( Foreman. ItATF.S OK SUIISCUIPTION: Ono copy, ono yenr fl T.0 " Six nioiillis 1 00 " " Tin co months 73 Invnriably cash In ndvanco. Kites of advertising uindo known on nppll ration. Correspondence from nil parts of the county solicited. Address ail communications to A. IC. Jones, IMItor Orcr-jn Scout, I'nlon, Or. Lollop Directory. GllANI) ItONDH VAtiUV I.OIIOK, No. M. A. K. nnd A. M. McetR on tho 6econd and fourth Saturdays of each month. O. F. Hkix, W. M. C. 13. Davis, Secretary. Umon I.odok. No. 80. 1. O. 0. 1 lleprular intetlnu on Friday cvcninirw ot each week at their hall In Union. All brethren In pood ntundlng: arc Invited to uttonil. Ily order ot the lodye. tf. W. Lo.no, N. G. G. A. TnowrsoN, Secy. Cliiircli nircolory. M. K. Ciiuitcii Dlvino servlco every Sunday nt 11 a. m nnd" p. tn. Sunday school at a p. in. Prayer meeting every Thursday ovenlnjf attiiao. ltr.v. Amieusox, Pastor. PiiESiiVTEitiAJr Cnt'HCit HcKuhir church services every Salibnth mornlujr nnd cvonlnK-. Prayer mcotlntr each week on Wednesday evening. Sabbath school every isibbnth at 10 a. in. Itev. II. Vkkxox Kici:, Pastor. St. John's Ki-iscoi'ai. Cituncii Servlco every Suudny nt 11 o'clock a. m. Hew V. it. Powell, Hector. County Olticer.s. Judpe A. C. Craig Sheriff A. L. Saunders Clerk 11. F. Wilson Treasurer A. F. Unison School Superintendent J. L. Hlndinnn Surveyor K. Slmonls Coioncr E. II. Lewis COMMISSIONED. Geo. Acklos Jno. Stanley State Senator U H. ltlnehart ltKPar.SEXTATIVES. P. T. Dick K. E. Taylor City Olllccr. Mayor D. D. Hoes COUNOlI.MEf. P. A.Pursol W. 0. Ileidleman J.S. Elliott Willis Skiff .1. II. Eaton G. A. Thompson' ltecordor J. B. Thomson. Marshal J. A.Dennoyj Treasurer J. D. CarroIC Strcot Commissioner L. Eaton Dcpartnrc of Trnlna. HeBular enst bound trains leave at 0:30 a. tn. Westbound trains leave at 4:20 p. ni. I'KOFIiSSIONAL. J. It. CItlTES, ATTORmiSV A'fi' IiAW. Collecting nnd probato practice specialties Otllce, two doors south of Fostotlioe, UeIou, Oregon. 11. EAKIN, Attorney at Law and Notary Pule. Olllco, ono door south of J. II. Eaton's store Union, Oregon. I. N. CROMWELL, M. D., Physician and Surgeon Office, ono door south ot J. U. Eaton's store, Union, Oregon. A. E. SCOTT, M. D., ITns pcrmnacntly located nt North Powder, where no wlltinwcr all calls. T. II. CRAWFORD, ATTORNEY AT Mff, Union, - - - - Oregon. D. Y. K. DI5ERING, IIiylctrm and Surgeon, Union, Oregon. Office, Main street, nest door to Jones Bros.' variety store. K:sidcpco, Main elrcot, second houso south ot court liouso. Chronodlscu809 a specialty. O. I IBKiLEj, LMW and Counsellor at Law, Union, Ohkgon. ltcal Estate, Law nnd Probate Practice will receive special attention. Ottlce oti A street, rear of Stnto l and OI!ie. II. F. BURLEIGH, Attorney nt ILuiv, K:ul Estate uml Collecting Akciii. Land Oflico Business a Specialty. Offlco at Alder. Union Co., Orojron. JESSB I1AUDESTV, j. w. suni.To.v SHELTON & HARDE3TY, ATlOKMlIVfl AT I-A1V. Will practice in Union, Baker, Grant, Umatilla und Morrow Counties. nUo in tho Supremo Court of Oregon, the District, Circuit und Supremo Courts of the United States. Mining and Corporation business a epe kalty. OUlce in Union, Orrgon. CREMATION IN ENGLAND. How I.iuly Dllke's Hotly wns lnelii-cratcd"S?li- Vernon llnreourt's Opposition Among the clergy ono of I ho most enthusiastic- advocates of cremation is the Rev. H. R. llaweis, of London, who has just railed for home from this city. When tho question was lirst agi tated, or rather revived, about ten years ago, Mr. llaweis wrote a novel entitled "Ashes to ashes; A Prelude to Cremation," in which the arguments hi behalf of tho reform are presented by the hero of a story, a brilliant young French doctor. Mr. llaweis recently received a 'Tribune reporter, at the house of Courtlaiult l'almer, and in re sponse to any inquiry as to how tho movement is going forward in England, he said: 'Cremation has had a curious history with u. About a dozen years ago Sir William Thompson wrote an article in .favor of tho measure, which was pub lished in the Contemporary llcview. It excited a groat deal of discussion among all classes and bitter opposition particularly from tho clergy. Shortly afterward the Cremation Society of London was formed. Its membership included Sir William Thompson, who was made president, Sir Spencer Wells, myself and various other representatives of literature, science and art. For the purpose of ascertaining whether 'hero was any legal obstacle in the way of tho practional adoption of cremation, the society opened a correspondence on tho subject with the Homo Secretary, Sir Vernon Uarcourt. We wore inform ed by him that any attempt to put into practice this mode of burial would bo immediately stopped by tho Govern ment, and also that ho would oppose any bill introduced to legalize crema tion. Rut the reform was received with favor by tho public and was pro gressing favorably until the burning of the body of Mr. Charles Dilko's lirst wife at Berlin. Lady Dillke had ex pressed adesiro to bo cremated, and ac cordingly after her death, her body w;is taken to Germany for that purpose. It was distinctly understood that tho in cineration should bo strictly private, but notwithstanding this, a few scientists were admitted to tho building. Tho retort doors were opened during the process for their inspection, and they took notes of tho burning. This fact leaked out, and the Times, which was then inimical to Sir Charles Dillke published a paragraph in reference to his wife's cremation, which created a fitorm of public feeling against Sir Charles nnd tho burial system itself. Pamplols of a vulgar character, con demning tho scheme, were hawked about the streets and widely circulated. My book had been published shortly be fore this, and already had run through three editions, but after this unfortu nate occurrence its sale was completely (stopped. In short tho entire movement had received a paralytic stroke in Eng land. For the next six or seven years all efforts to arouse public interest in the matter wcro futile, and to till ap pearance tho project was doomed to prove an utter failure. Tho society continued to hold meetings from time to time, until Sir Wm, Siemens built, for us the present crematory at Working Cemetery, which is about thirty miles from London, and in it wo experiment ed with tho carcasses of sheep and other animals. "With tho Siemens incinerating ap paratus arc you able to reduce the en tiro framework of tho body to lino white ashes?" inquired tho reporter. 'Oh, no. Pieces of tho denser bones, such as the femur and humerus, gener ally remain, and havo to bo crushed to powder. But this can bo done easily. It was not until last year that our movement received a fresh impetus in a rather curious way. A singular being in Wales, who called himself a Druid, undertook to cremate his child with petroleum in an open iield. Tho neigh bors interposed and had him arrested. Ho was taken beforo a magistrate, but tho court held that tho act was not ille gal, and ho was discharged. All legal objections against cremation being thus removed, the society resumed opera tions, and tho lirst human body, that of Mrs. Pcckersgill, was burned last year at Woking. Tho question of disposing of tho dead is of much greater import ance with us than with yon, owing, of course, to tho thickly settled condition of tho Old World. Still I think crema tion is rapidly becoming u necessity in all of your largo cities." "Do you agree with tho Italian crc mationists and others who say that graveyards throw off a dangerous amount of mephitic vapors?" "I did hold that doctrine somg years ago, but personal investigations havo caused mo to chango my belief sorao what. I think tho earth not only deod orizes the gases arising from tho de caying bodies, but also renders them innocuous. In excavations which wcro recently made at Hern Ray, tho bodiei that had been buried from tivc to twen ty years wero found to be entirely in odorous. The greatest danger front graveyards is the pollution of tin water courses in their vicinity, and ic villages, where the burying-grounrt is often situated in tho center of the town, the historic village pump becomes s fruitful source of disease. I considei vault, burial the most dangerous of all the methods in ue, for no attempt i. then made to disinfect the dangerous gases. Yes, cremation is gninin" strength, not only in England but all over Europe. An elaborate now crema tory is under way in Paris, and others are being erected in the groat continen tal cities." "Did the Greek and Romans ndopl cremation for sanitary or superstitious reasons?" "I am inclincn to think that they practiced the cu,toni from their habit of sacrificing animals and the like tc the gods. Doubtless there was some thing practical in this system with them as with us, but they made it a sort of religious exercise, and performed it with all sorts of saered ceremonies. It was natural to them, used as they were to ofl'ering frcqu.-nt burnt sacrilices." "Do you think tho Hebrews prac ticed cremation to an' extent?" "They burned the bodies of sonic of their kings, as is recorded in the Scrip ture, and also the bodies of animals in tho Valley of Tophet, outside of Jeru salem, but it was not. their regular mode of burial." New York Tribune. Where Canada Leads the States. "In speaking of Canada and every thing pertaining to the country, includ ing tho government, Americans gener ally make the remark that wo arc one hundred years behind the ago," said a prominent Canadian police official to a reporter for Tlie Detroit Free Press. "There may bo some truth in the statement," ho continued, "but in the administration of criminal justice I am of the opinion that Canada leads Michi gan, if not any of the states in the union. Last, March when Ashman, Kuhn and Bowles escaped from the house of correction at Ionia, 1 among others received a circular from Warden Watkins, ofl'ering $225 reward for their capture, or f?7.j for tho capture of cith er of them. Unfortunately for ine, how ever, they did not conic my way, but a few days after the escape were captured by Chief Rains and tho Windsor police. The annoyance and expense attending their extradition and return to the United States wero very great, but that was not the fault of tho Windsor au thorities, who did all that was possible to get rid of tho desperate trio, When they wero safely caged at Detroit, and tho time camo for settling tho bills, Chief Bains received a check for $"", ono third of tho promised reward, and since then has heard nothing moro of tho men, except that Rowles and Kuhn wero back at Ionia and Ashman stands a good chance of being sent down for n long term. "There is no just reason why t lie Windsor police should not receive tin remaining $150 duo them. They per formed all that was required of them, and the money should bo paid. Escapes from Ionia are not unfrequont, and as a rule tho criminals cross tho river a I tho first opportunity. If tho prison of ficials desiro tho co-operation of the Canadian police they should fulfill al! promises, even if they aro expensive. Otherwise tlioy can not expect any as sistance from us in the future." Old Soldiers in. Congress. There aro ono hundred and twelve soldiers in this Congress. Forty-font of theso wcro in tho Confederate Amy and sixty-eight in that of tho Union, Tho captains, colonels and generals predominate, but hero and there wo lint tho record of a private, such as Thom as, of Illinois; Kleiner, of Indiana, and Nelson, of Mississippi. Cobb, of In diana, proudly states that ho was a militiaman, while Plumb, of Illinois, was a captain and a quartermaster. Toic Reed, of Maine, was a paymaster in the United States Navy, and his colleague, Boutclle, was a naval lieutenant. Among tho Union generals there arc Henderson, of Illinois; Viele, of New York; Major-Gen, Osborne, of Pennsyl vania, and Major-Gen. Negley, of Pitts burg. Harry Bingham was a Union brigadier general, and Kctchani, ol Now York, has a similar title. The Stato of Connecticut has no soldiers ir. its delegation, nnd that of Kansas 1ms nothing but soldiers. Ryan, Pcrkini and Peters wcro captains, Funstnn am Hanback wore lieutenants, nnd Morrill who leads the list, was a major. Stru bio, of Iowa, states that he enlisted a seventeen and served thrco years as i private. Anderson, of Kansas, was i chaplain, and Hayne, of New Hamp shire, was wounded and a private. Wathington Letter in Cleveland Leader BIMETALLISM. Its History In the United stntcs--Tho Silver (jnostlon. "The History of Bimetallism in the United States." By J. Lawrence Laugh lin, Ph. 1)., assiMant professor of politi cal economy in Harvard University. The history of the gold and silver coinage of the United States is an inter esting story of fluctuations. From 1792 tolS,:l gold and silver circulated sid" by side without clashing. In 1853 gold was abundant and silver scarce, Califor nia having been found auriferous and Jit-coveries of gold having been made il-oin Russia and Australia. The gold product reached its highest amount soon after 1 Sol. "It is not too much to say that almost all tho bimetallic discussions of recent years would not have arisen had not this unexpected and astonish ing stream of gold from tho mines of both tho new and old world been poured upon the market. From its date almost all our modern problems relating to gold and silver, and wo cannot discuss the silver question of to-day without reference to this extraordinary produc tion of gold. From an average annual production in 18-10-1850 of about .?S, 000,000, the gold supply increased to a figure beyond $150,000,000 after 1850. The value of gold was lowered. Having enough gold, tho country did not care for silver. At the existing and only nominal mint ratio of 1.10, the silver dollar could not circulate, and tho act of 18515, regulating tho coinage, practic ally ignored it. It is llierefoio to be distinctly remembered that in 1853 tho actual use of silver as an illuminated le gal tender equally with gold, was de cisively abandoned. Under any condi tions then existing a double standard was publicity admitted to bo hopoless. The main animus of the act, therefore, is to bo found in what is not included in it that is, in tho omission to insert any provision which would bring tho silver dollar again into circulation. In fact, at no time after tho act of 1853 until the civil war was tho silver dollar of -112A grains equal to less than 103 or 101 cents of our gold coins, and, consequently, it was never seen in cir culation, Tho country had willingly acquiesced in tho practical adoption of tiic single gold standard. Silver was only used for small payments, and all large values wero based upon gold. Up to this time there was no trouble in our coinago system. It, worked naturally, and therefore admirably. All adjust ments were made without friction. Tho civil war brought a momentous clnuigc, and wc have been wallowing in a stormy sea of financial theories and practices ever since. As soon as tho United States legal-tender acts wcro passed, Gresham's law came into oper ation that when two metals aro both le gal tenders tho cheaper ono will drive tho dearer ono out of circulation. As United States legal tenders depreciated gold disappeared. Even tho small quantity of subsid iary silver held went out of tho market. When gold was at par, silver at 90, and United States legal-tender notes at 81. the paper money rapidly dislodged both coins. Even the smaller silver change disappeared, and its absence called into existence tokens, tickets, checks and substitutes of every description issued by merchants and shopkeepers, and Congress was obliged hastily to author ize a currency, originally based on the likeness of postage stamps, but which finally resulted in tho simple issuo of what was known as "tho fractional cur rency." It was while tho legal-tender curren cy was in uso that the "demonetization of silver" took place. Tho act of 1873 reads "that tho silver coins of the Uni ted States shall bo a trade dollar, a half-dollar or 50-cent pieco, a quarter dollar or 25-cent piece, n dime or 10 ccnt piece." The coinago of tho stand ard stiver dollar is not provided for. Wo give Mr. Laughlin's explanation nnd comments: "In tho act of 1873, wo find a simplo legal recognition of that which had been tho immediate result of the net of 1853, and which had been an admitted fact in the history of our coin ago during tho preceding twenty years. In 1853 it had been agreed toaccopttho situation by which wo had come to havo gold for largo payments and to relegate silver to a limited servico in tho sub sidiary coins. Tho act of 1873, howev er, dropped tho silver dollar out of tho list of silver coins. In discontinu ing tho coinago of tho silver dollar tho act of 1873 thereby simply recognized a fact which had been obvious to every one since 1819, Silvor was not driven out of circulation by of act 1873, which omitted tho dollars of 412J grains, since it had not been in circulation for moro than twenty-fivo years. Hut while tho act of 1873 had Httlo impor tance in changing existing conditions, It had an influence of a kind which, at the present time, can scarcely bo over estimated. Wo aro now in tho course of our story approaching the year 1870, in which occurred the phenomenal fall in tho value of silver. Had the demon etization of tho silver dollar not been accomplished in 187G and 1874, we should have found ourselves in 1870 with a single silver standard, and the resumption of specie payments on Jan uary 1, 1S70, would have been in silver, not in gold, and 15 per cent of all our contracts and existing obligations would have been repudiated. The act of 1873 was a pieco of good fortune which saved our financial credit, and protected the honor of our country." This fall in the value of silver nbovo referred to is one of the mot important events in our financial annals, and deserves a full explanation of its causes. A committee of the English House of Commons in 1870 reached lheo gen erally accepted conclusions on tho sub ject: "Your eonunitto aro of tho opinion that the cvidenco taken conclusively shows that the fall in the price of silver is due to the following causes: "(I.) To the discovery of new silver mines of great richness in tho State of Nevada. "(2.) To tho introduction of a gold currency into Germany in place of tho previous silver currency. Tills operation commenced at the end of 1871. "(3.) To tho decreased demand for silver for export to India. "It should bo added, (4,) that tho Scandinavian Governments havo also substituted gold for silver in their cur rency. "(5.) That tho Latin Union, com prising France, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy and Greece, havo since 1874 lim ited the amount of silver to be coined in tho mints yearly of each member of tho union, suspending tho privilege former ly accorded to all holders of silver bullion, of claiming to havo their bull ion turned into coin without restric tion. "(0.) That Holland has also passed a temporary act restricting, except on ac count of tho Government, tho coinago of silver, and authorizing tho coinage of gold. "It will bo observed that two sets of causes have been simultaneously in op eration; tho increased production of tho newly discovered mines, and tho sur plus silver thrown upon the market by Germany, havo afl'ected tlio supply. At the same time, tho decreased amounts required for India and tho decreased purchases of silver by the Latin Union havo effected tho demand. A serious fall in tho prico of silver was therefore inevitable." Thus tho Committee of tho Ilousoof Commons a very clear and compre hensive statement, and ono generally accepted. Mr. Lntighlin points out, however, some fundamental causes, which lio below these moro immediate ones. First, tho increased use of gold, consequent upon its abundance from 1840 to 1870; second, its convenient uso in tho large transactions of eomnicreo of late years, giving rise to an enor mous demnnd for that ono of tho two precious metals which lias tho greatest value in tho smallest bulk. Now, says Prof. Liuighlin, at this precise time, when not a State in Eu rope dared open its mint to silver, "tho United States stupidly camo forward and tuado an attempt to support the value of silver quite by itsolf. It is re corded that a very muscular and will ing workman engaged withsoveral oth ers in raising a huge stono to its place by means of ropes and pulleys, observ ed that others had let go their hold on tho ropes, and that the heavy mass was beginning to fall. Confident of his strength, he, by himself, laid hold of the ropo and tried to sustain tho weight by his unaided power.- The momentum of tho falling stone was moro than ho could overcome; ho was thrown up ward, Hung to the ground, and injured for life. Tho action of tho United States was of a similar character. It undertook to do what all tho world without us was not ablo to do namely, to keep up tho valuo of silver in the faco of tho increased supply of gold. Wo may break tho fall of silver, but wo shall imperil ourselves. Wo shall lose by buying millions of a com modity which wo must soil at a great sacrifice tho greater as wo sell tho more. So lold and daring an attempt, so utterly unwarranted by any financial wisdom, seems almost inexplicably to tho student of financial history." Prof. Laughlm goes on to glvo tho facts of our silver legislation, tracing its source to tho "greenback craze," the un reasoning desire for relief from tho bus iness depression of 1873, especially in tho debtor West, and tho shrewd tactics of tho owners of tho silvor bullion produo cdby our mines. Tho story is more ro cont, and wo will not follow him further. That wo aro overburdened with silver, and that tho pcoplo want hut a certain small quantity of It, is too patent for discussion. What amount we have on hand we must, of course keep, having bought it. and ns to this, tho prospect is that our citizens will havo to take 80 cents on the dollar. Hut as so ably sot forth in President Cleveland's message, in tho future it is absolutely necessary in the interest of every clas of the community that the "compulsory coin age of silver dollar-i directed by the law passed in February, 1878," should bo suspended. That is the lirt thing. Re flection and discussion, it is to be hoped, will bring a sounder and safer basis of legislation thereafter. Baltimore Sun. A THREE-DROP DRINK. .V Strong Illumination llcljis u Mini to Kxlitlimitc on ii Very I.lttlo I.lqtio r. "I've been a barkeeper now for about fifteen years, but I'll be blest if I wasn't knocked out this morning," said nn old and popular member of the calling, who hangs out in a Fifth Avenue saloon. "How was that?" asked a reporter, who had dropped in to light a toby. "Why it was when I first opened up, and I was sort o' fixing things, when in came a nice-looking, middle-aged man, with a mustache and goalee. Hard-liquor, and straight," says I to myself, for I've got away of sizin' up, as you might say, just from their appearance." "Give mo some brandy, says he, rather short, like all old regulars who take what they call an 'eye-opener' be fore breakfast. 1 handed him the bot tle and pushed over a glass of water, to take tho taste out of his mouth. Well, that duck just took tho bottle, and put ting his thumb over tho top dropped three drops on his tonguo an' then set the bottle back an' didn't say a word. " 'What's tho matter with it?' says T, kind o' riled, for we keel as good stock as goes over a bar in this town. , " 'Nothing at all tho matter with it, sir,' he said, as ho throw down a quar ter and started out. 'Stranger,' says I, 'if 'taint intrudin' on good nature, I'd like to ask you why you didn't pour out some o' that brandy and drink it? " 'I did' says ho laughing. "That's my way of drinkin'. I claim that I get moro out of three drops of brandy than most other nion do from a whole glass. Now I drop it on my tonguo and shut my mouth tight. I've got all tho taste of it that a man could get if ho drank a, pint. Then I take in a good long breath and let It out through my nose. That carries the fumes of tho brandy to my brain, and I get all tho oflects that I would from a largo drink. 'It wakes mo up and makes mo good nntured. My pulse beats a little faster, and I havo an appetite for breakfast. Now. if I'ddrlnk a gill or a half gill it would havo been a positively injury to my stomach, es pecially as I had eaten nothing. In stead of being exhilarated I would havo been slightly drunk until it wore oft. Now I claim that my way is tho only way to drink heavy and strong liquors. With that he went out, an' I've boon thiukiu' of it all day, an' I think ho was kiddin' me. I'vo seen people drink in all kinds of ways, but his was a now ono to me." So pcoplo havo difi'ercnt ways of tak ing tho same kind of drink have thoyP" "Well, I should say so. Now with whisky. Thero is ono old business niau who, to my certain knowledge, has taken three gallons of whisky a day foi over ten years. Ho always comes in at tho same time ench day, pours out hit glass about a third full, squeezes a little lemon into it and sips it down as if il tasted good to him. Ho will bo two oi three minutes drinking it." "That samo man," continued tho bar keeper, "has a son who is a steady, hard drinker. Ho always takes whisky, ami has for thrco or four years. Ho pours out a glass almost full, but won't smell of it if ho can help it. Ho acts as if ho didn't like it. Sometimes ho won't drink it for threo or four minutes, and then ho swallows it as if it was medicine. He tolls mo he hates the bus to and smell of it. It always sickens him, and I'vo seen him walk away and leave it after it was poured out. He's clear down now, poor devil, and he hits tried timo and timo again to break off drinking. You wouldn't boliovo It, but young mou just learning to drink tako whisky straight oftcnor than tho old rounders. Think it manly, you know, to order whisky straight.' Thero is a great dif ference in tho way pcoplo drink becr. Germans sip it, nnd a glass of boor will last ono of thorn an hour. Fact: I'vo seen two Germans come in nnd sit down at n table with a glass of beer apiece and u Httlo rye bread and checso and havo an hour or two good solid enjoyment over it. Pcoplo who don't learn to drink boor when they are children don1 drink for tho taste, though, as much a tlioy do for tho oflect. They aro th kind who got drunk on boor, drink gallon or two of it nt a time. This isn' much of a city for fancy drinks. Plait whisky and becr calclios most of th natives, and they wan)., a good article. You can't work poor whisky off on, a PI ttsburghe r."-ritttb w rgh Via patch. t