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SATURDAY . . .
.APRIL 10, 1S97
RECIPROCITY IS FREE TRADE
When the idea of reciprocal courte
sies was first indulged in by the United
. States in its dealings with foreign
countries, it wa9 looked upon by many
as the key which was to unlock the
. commerce of the world to- American
institutions, the system that was to re
sult in the building up of an immense
trade lor our larmers ana manuiactur
ers throughout the civilized world.
But it has been tried, and the facts are
beginning to down upon a few at least,
'' ' that reciprocity is only another 'name
ior iree traae, ana mat., too, iree irauu
rf tliA vdiv mnpar. t rnn cinpa If. rasnltR
. w - - - J -- - -jri
in no benefit' to anybody except the
importer from countries to which re-
. , 1 ,1 ,1 Thaoa
' few have learned that the consumer of
articles that are imported free under
- reciprocal treaties pays the same as He
would if duties were exacted, and that
the imoorter is the only one benefited.
In short, they have learned that the
government loses just whatever rev
enue would arise from importations,
whila the price to such articles as are
imported under reciprocal arrange
' ments remains the same to the con
sumer as 'if regular duties were ex
acted, and that reciprocity as at pres
ent practiced is only another of the
vnonw fi.na r9 lav ma liana fin tin ATI
couragemnuL ui trusiis.
A striking illustration of the work
ings of reciprocity was given by W.
. W. Baker in an address beforo the
. Manufacturers' Association at Port
land the other day, when the question
'' of abrogating the reciprocity treaty
aMt.Yi t.liA TTawnimn talanrla was linrlnr
consideration, Mr. Baker said:
"In the first place, from a revenue
. standpoint, I have always been opposed
to the reciprocity treaty between this
country and the Hawaiian islands.
Commodities from all other countries
are charged with duty, while those
from the islands are permitted to come
in free. The main article imported
here experiencing this advantage is
sugar, and the profits made in conse
quence of this privilege have certainly
gone into the hands of the man who
handles and controls the product from
the Hawaiian islands. This fact is
shown when it is considered that,
whatever price prevails in New York
for sugar that has been imported and
paid the duty, the same is asked in
" San Francisco, or a shade lower, in or
der that shipments cannot bo made
" from New York to the Pacific coast.
Experience has proven that the price
Jl iianauau isiauu Dugni n.i.vft f.;uu
up with that of the duty -paying ar-
tide. 'v
"I understand that most of the beet
sugar factories of California are under
aama onnt.Al na t.t.A nAronn mani
pulating the Island sugar. But, never-
theless, if Oregon contemplates onter-
: ing into the beet-sugar industry, it is
very evident to my mind that our in-
terests would be subserved by having
the treaty abrogated. As citizens of
one whole country we should oppose
the treaty, as the government requires
a certain amount of revenue, and, if
sugar from the islands is brought iu
free, the deficit .created thereby must
be made up from another source."
' This gives a very clear idea of the
workings of reciprocity with all coun
tries and affecting all classes of im
ports. Under the workings of the re
ciprocal treaty with Hawaii; Mr.
Spreckles is enabled to manipulate the
sugar business of the Pacific coast.
: While he imoorts sus-ar from tne
islands free of duty, he keep3 the price
to the consumer up to an equality with
that charged by those who iinportfrom
countries where no reciprocal treaties
exist, and in consequence pay duty.
That is, Mr. Spreckles enjoys the privi
lege of free trade, while the govern
' ment loses the revenue that would
otherwise be realized through the en
forcement of duty charges, and the
consumer pays for what be' consumes
were dutiable.
THE LIGHT CF PUBLICITY.
It is not strange that this cry about
the "new journalism" should originate
-' with the papers that have supported
trusts, combines and rotten political
machines and be directed against
' papers that have' fought trusts, com
. bines and rotten political machines.
- When it is understood that anti-trust
papers are oeDarrea irom reaaing
rooms of clubs composed of men like
. Seely, Harper, Morgan, Bellmon
men who hire naked women to dance
on dining tables; men who rob the
government through secret, bond deals;
lubU who iub other am of wives: men
who keep two establishments, one
containing a wife and children, the
other a woman of the town then
. probably the peoplecan see the animus
of the fight. Publicity is the greatest
- menace to the schemes of these men
and if they cannot buy or subsidize the
papers that are honest, no method is
too low for them to use in accomplish
" ing their purposes. The fight against
the "new journalism" is a specimen of
; their' depravity. While newspapers
can be bettered, the reform cannot be
started with them. Not to publish
immoral actions is to clothe immoral
ity with license, and so long as people
-of the aeely-Harper-Morgan-Belmont
stripe persist, in their "4 immoral
practices we say let in the light of
publicity. It is the only thing stand
ing between morality and immorality,
between freedom and serfdom, between
inan and the devil. Telephone-Register.
''
WHAT WILLWKINLEY DO?
A most urgent appeal has bee made
by Cisneros, president- of the 'Cuban
republic, to President McKinley to
hasten consideration of the Cuban
question in congress. The appeal is
not made- as an individual, but as a
j-epresentative of a long-suffering peo
ple, whose very existence is threatened
.by the cruelties of a Spanish despot; in
-the name of humanity, and in the name
-of God. Atlgllv ana justice is an mat
4s asked of the executive of this great
nation, and all eyes are now turned to
President McKinley to know what he
will do, whether or not he will ser
iously consider the declarations of the
.platform on which he was elected in
dealing with the Cuban question.
lie St. Louia platform, the platform
on which Major McKinley was elected
to the most exalted office in the gift
of any people, said: "The govern
ment of Spain, bavins; lost control of
Cuba, and being urabb to i roteut the
property aud lives of resident Ameri
can citizens, or to comply with its
treaty obligations, we believe the gov
ernment of the United States should
actively use its irfluenee and good
offices to restore peace and give inde
pendence to the island."
This plank was as imperative as any
othm- in,tho platform, and is as bind
ing as that which declared for a restor
ation of former tariff laws. Will Pres
ident McKinley ignore it, now that he
has been personally appealed to by the
representative of the Cuban patriots?
The lives of American citizens, who
aro incarcerated in Spanish dungeons
on the island are in jeopardy. A brave
and patriotic general, who has severed
his allegiance to the Spanish crown
and espoused the cause of a people bat
tling for independence, is threatened
with a court-martial that means cer
tain death. An oppressed people are
hounded from one extremity of the
island to the other, and iu their gallant
fight fo freedom are being butchered.
The property of Spaniards, Cubans and
Americans is being sacrificed on every
hand. Will the chief executive of this
nation allow this to continue, or will
he heed the declarations of the plat
form on which ho was elected and call
the attention of coDgress to the Cuban
question and insist upon immediate
action?
WOOL AND THE TARIFF.
The Chicago Tribune, one of the
staunchest protection journals in the
country, takes a correct view of the
effect the Dingley wool schedule will
have upon the price of that staple, and
truthfully shows what disappointment
wool raisers will meet with should that
schedule remain unchanged when the
bill becomes a law. Commenting on
the wool schedule in the Dingley bill
as it passed the house, the Tribune
says:
"The committee on ways and means
has managed somehow to hit on wool
duties which disatisfy everybody. Al
though those duties are higher by
10 per cent on the average than those
of the McKinley law, the Ohio ram
raisers scoff at them and say they are
notfcialf hieh enough. Nothing will
satify them short of duties which will
keep out foreign wool and a bounty on
the home grown-artiele which will
make it bring the producer 60 cents a
pound.
"The committee's schedule is offen
sive to the manufacturers, for if it be
comes the law, they will be limited
practically to the use of a few out of
the many kinds of foreign wool they
must bave at their command if they are
going to compete with the foreign
mills in the manufacture of all the dif
ferent varieties of woolen goods.
"The manufacturers recognizing the
need of revnue will not find fault if low
duties are put on wool. But they do
protest against duties which will force
them either to raise the prices of their
goods to a hiph figure or to charge for
goods adulterated with cotton, cows'
hair, and devil's dust a little more
than they charge now for all wool fab
ric. "All those republicans who remem
ber the wool schedule of 1890, and what
befell the party on account of it, are
justly alarmed when they see on the
committee on ways and means bour
bons, who remember the disastrous
schedules of 1890, but who seem to
have forgotten the efeats those sche
dules led up to. -
"When the duties on wool were
raised 20 to 40 per cent in 1890 the
woolraisers of the United States were
told that they were going to got better
prices for their Deecos. They waited
hopefully for these better prices, but
they did not come. . When th.e pro
ducers became impatient they were
told big stocks of wool had been im
ported in anticipation of the higher
duties, and that when those stocks had
been worked off everything would be
all right.
"Those stocks were worked off, but
prices of American wool fell instead of
rising. It sold for less under the high
duties of 1890 tbau the lower duties of
1885. The price of wool outside the
Uuited States had fallen greatly,
owing to -the enormous Australian
production. Heavy surpluses had ac
cumulated and they helped to force
down the price. Thatof the American
product could not be kept up when
there was such a decline outside.
"The sheepraisers, however, es
pecially those who had free pasturing
on government lands, added to the
numbers of their flocks. Soon they
began shipping tons of mutton, to the
East thus compelling the sheepraisers
of that section to take lower prices for
their meat. The latter finding them
selves getting less for their wool and
their .mutton than they did prior to
1890,. contributed with their votes to
the defeat of the republican party in
the fall of that year.
"Very likely there are men with
flocks , of sheep who believe that if
wool, on the free list now, is made to
pay a duty of 11 or 12 cents a pound,
they will get that much more for their
clip.' It-will .not take them long to
discover their mistake. A year's sup
ply of wool will be imported before a
new tariff law can be enacted. Then
when that has been wooked off the
manufacturers will use more adulter"
ants. The supply of domestic wool
will increase, but not ' the demand.
Hence no advance in price need be
expected.
' "More mutton will be sent east and
eastern sheepgrowers will get less for
their mutton. All the unpleasant
things that happened six years ago
republican defeat included may be
looked for in 189S.
"The. senate should have wisdom
enough to rewrite this wool and wool
ens schedule or the republican party
will have both producer and consu
mers on its back, as when it went mad
over wool in 1S90. If not, there will
be political storms in 1898 and 1900."
It is now reported that Spain will
within a few weeks withdraw her arm
ies from Cuba, and will issue an edict
declaring the war ended aud establish
ing reforms for the government of the
island. How magnanimous Spam is
getting. Reforms for the government
of the Cuban patriots after the home
government has learned she cannot
subdue them. The Cubans will laugh
at the' mother country and go right
ahead declaring themselves a free and
independent people.
Tho American people have been
gene'ous in their donations tor the re
lief of the sufferers in India, but now
they have an opportunity to show
their generosity nearer home. The
people of the Mississippi valley, whose
homes and property haye been de
stroyed by floods, are in need of alms
THEN AND NOW.
But a few short months ago
the
Oregonian wai warning its" readers
against the danger of a continuance of
the "free trade" policy -f tho demo
cratic party, and wns continually as
sorting that the causo of all p.t:--t
troubles, financially and commercially,
was the imbecility of the Cleveland ad
ministration in dealing with the tariff
question. Then the cause of the de
prefionia business the past four year3
was the result of inadequate protection
to American industries, and the only
method by which prosperity could be
restored was by the re-er.aetruent of
the protective policy. Now its ideas
have undergone a radical change. In
an editorial last Saturday it said:
"Prosperity is not to be restored in
the lump, by any magic. We shall
have prosperity, but it will be based
on more careful industry, and more
closely calculated economies, than
heretofore.
"A great change has been taking
place, and it was inevitable. Things
could not go on as they were. There
was a false standard of prosperity. The
tides of change, ebb and flow. There
had been a boom period, and for the
last four or five years we have been
passing through the inevitable reaction
from it. We have been having tho
experience of every country on the
face of the globe, in declining prices
with increasing age. This has alvvajs
been tho law of human history.
Stop and consider.
"Many not yet past middle life re
member the era of small4and careful
transacaions, of close margins, of sim
ple living and economical manage
ment, even among the richest and
most prosperous of 'their early day.
These conditions underwent grudual
change. Every one can recall the pro
cess for himself. The old maxims and
warnings against debt began to loie
their influence when it was seen that
the deeper a man went into debt, the
more rapidly he appeared to be accumu
lating a fortune. Values, in men's
minds, multiplied on a magical scale.
Great numbers who hitherto had never
thought of the possibility of becoming
rich found themselves carried forward
on this wave, first to independence,
and then, as they supposed, to wealth;
and for years together a uniform pros
perity, built up on this class of sup
ports was maintained. .Ven did busi
ness to the top limit, not only of their
means, but of what they could borrow.
Their credit was so good that they
were accustomed to debt, and they re
lied upon their ability to borrow con
tinuously. But their property, in
many instances, had no productive
value; they were in no condition to
stand a shrinkage in their business.
There was an end, as there roust be in
all such cases, to advancing prices.
In the nature of things, there must be
a su limit above which there are no
others; and, when that summit is
reached, the man who has just now
bought and cannot sell except at a
"sacrifice, tumbles, and carries a greater
or less number with him. Speculation
in real estate dies,- "and if it has fur
nished buyers, they disappear, and
prices fall off with the demand. More
than this, tho necessity to sell carries
prices below a just level often as far
below it as they were formerly above
it. What is true in real estate is true
in road-buildint, in the manufacture
and operation of machinery, and in all
line3 of development. There is a point
from which any of them can bo ex
tended no further, and when that point
is reached, the collapse is at hand."
What the Oregonian says of the
cause of hard times, though rather at
variance with its former statements,
is undoubtedly true, aud was unques
tionably the cause of much depression
for the past four years; but there were
other causes that were equally potent.
In addition to over speculation, tho
Americans had built up their prosper
ity for thirty years or more largely on
borrowed capital, and when their obli
gations became due, they found it im
possible to realize on their invest
ments, the value of which was con
tinually shrinking. This shrinkage
was the result of a contraction of the
currency, for the country's volume of
circulating medium had not kept "pace
with its increased debts or its business,
so when the debtor was called upon to
repay what he had borrowed, the price
of the property on which he had bor
rowed; had so decreased, through the
scarcity of money and consequent in
crease in the price there of, that he
could not realize first cost upon his
securities.
Further on in the same article the
Oregonian contradicts its former state
ments as to the cure for existing dull
times that increased tariff's would
bring about prosperity and comes to
this reasonable statement of the situa
tion: "Now, as to 'restoration of prosper
ity.' This must be a slow and natural
growth. It must be founded on good
management and calculated industry.
It is not to be brought about through
local, state or national government, or
through all of them together. There
are no resources in waiting for busi
ness to 'pick up.' The basis of all pub
lic activity and growing proscerity is
the personal energy of individuals.
This may take and should take as far
as possible the direction of organized
effort, under the spur and guidance of
public spirit, for creation of industries
and extension of trade."
RIGHT IN THEORY.
Tho Labor Exchange has established
a branch in The Dalles, and will ere
long open a business in the oity. So
far as the aims and purposes of the
exchange are known, the theory on
which it proposes to do business is at
tractive, though what it will be in
.practice remains to be demonstrated
It is the purpose of the exchange to,
as i far as possible, furnish a ready
market for the produce raised by its
members, and at the same time supply
them with staple groceries, dry goods
and clothing at a slight advance over
wholesale prices. In conducting the
business there will be no cash trausac
tions between the exchange and its
members. Certificates will be issued
against all deposits of produce at the
current price of the product on the day
it is deposited, less the commissions.
That is, a farmer who deposits 100
bushels of wheat on a day when wheat
is selling at 50 cents is giyen a certifi
cate for &30, less commissions. This
certificate is transferable, and will be
received at the store in payment for
any goods carried therein. Tho pro
duce deposited is put upon the market
at once, and the proceeds of the salo
thereof are invested in merchandise
for the store.
Thus it will be seen that the theory
is to do business practically without
money, except the certificates of the
exchange can be termed money. If
the operations of the exchange are
successful, it will-be. demonstrated be-
yond doubt that money is not an abso
lute necessity -is a vehicle for effecting
j exchange, and that certificates based
upon products of iabor may be made to
perform the office of gold, srlver.arid ail
other forms of raouey issued by the
I'goveraiticnt or tyrough Us authority.
If the exchange U conducted honestly
and ecououiieally, and rfcfiives,9ui"l-cii-nt
business that tho commissions
will pay salaries and other incidental
expense?, there is r.o visible reason
why it should not b-j a success, inas
much as it will be the agont through
which tho producer will secure a ready
market for his surplus: and there is
in itd favor tho idea that the producer
will at least be able to exchange his
surplus for such commodities as he is
necessarily required to purchase at
least at some price. And as it is not
the purpose of the exchange to increase
its wealth, but simply to conduct a
business at actual cost of buying, sell ¬
ing and conveying to market, the
theory on which it it is formed seems
feasible.
ON THE. UO AD TO WEALTH.
Surely not once in a lifetime are
such dazzeling possibilities opened be
fore mortal eyes for - advancement
along tho highway to wealth as are
presented to the speculator who gets
in on the ground floor with invest
ments, ip Dalles City property right
now. Business is duil here at present,
and property is down to bodrosk, but
these conditions will not always pre
vail. The Dalles is so situated, at the
head of navigation on the Columbia
river, that it cannot be kept down al
ways. It is the natural distributing
point for a large and fertile region. It
is favored with all blessings of nature,
and is certain to, at no distant date,
become not only a great commercial
city, but also a grand manufacturing
center. The coal mines which aro
soon to be discovered almost within
its corporate limits will furnish cheap
fuel, that will turn ponderous machin
ery, and its cheap land and desirable
sites for manufacturing industries must
attract capital here that will set things
moving.
Indeed The Dalles is on the high
read to wealth and prominence, and
the denzien of today will soon awake to
the fact tha. he is in the midst of stir
and bustle that bodes good times and
prosperity to all. The Dalles cannot
be kept in the back ground any more
than the earth could be stopped in its
annual course around the sun. It
must and will come to the front, still
this can be hastened by local effort
and energy. If ur citizens will simply
take advantage of these 'natural re
sources, encourage manufacturing,
commerce and trade, they will reap
the benefits; but if they remain idle
and wait for outsiders to step iu and
take the lead, 'the season of general
prosperity will be some what delayed,
and when it comes the outsiders that
produce it will reap the benefits.
THE OREGONIAN AND IIANNA.
It was all right with the Oregonian
last fall when Mark Hanna was telling
the people of Oregon how to vote.
Then he was one of the greatest states
men of the country, the very Moses
who was to lead the deluded Oregon
ians out of the wilderness, but now
Mr. Hanna is interfering vitha sub
ject that is very sacred to the Oregon
ian, and it says:
"Mr. Hanna, it is understood, opposes
the seating of Mr. Corbctt, on the
ground that refusal to set him id the
way to force tho governor of Oregon
to call a special session of the legisla
ture, and thus get a republican sen
ator for a full term. It may be feared
that Mr. Hanna, since he appears to
think he has a right to be dictator over
Oregon, is as badly mistaken in this
matter as ho is as to the condition of
things in Ohio. Oregon is not worry
ing about the seat in the senate, aud
that is not tha question which tho gov
ernor is likely to consider, in relation
to a special session. The only reason
for calHng a special session should
one ever be called would be found in
the business affairs of the state. Mr.
Hanna is likely to find that he canno6
dictate from Washington or from Ohio
a special session of the legislature of
Oregon. Besides, it is very evident
that Mr. Hanna's own affairs need his
attention. He is now a senator by ap
pointment, but he never will be a sen
ator by election. His successor in the
senate will certainly be a democrat.
The people do not like the traffic aent
and the mere juggler in politics. Mr.
Hanna is one of those politicians and
statesmen who have no principles or
convictions that cannot be accommo
dated to the desire of success. This is
the reason why his political career io
unio will be short. Ho will be sen
ator until next January only. Ohio
will spew him out."
EDITORIAL NOTES
England's banking system is not al
together perfect, judging from the fact
that a bank at Dorchester has just
failed, that owed its depositors two and
a half million dollars.
Col. Fred Grant is a chip off the old
block, and has refused to take any sec
ond places in the gift of the administra
tion. The proffer of the assistant sec
retary of war had do allurements for
him, and he respectfully declined the
position.
There is reason in the argument
favoring a lower duty on wool than is
provided for in the Dingley bill. If
the Dingley schedule becomes a law,
it will be but a short time until the
manufacturers and consumers will de
mand that wool be admitted free.
"General" Coxey, who is touring
Illinois and Wisconsin on a lecturing
expedition, has determined to go to
Texas. Well. Texas needs a few such as
Coxey. ' She has her Gov. Hogg and
"Cyclone" Davis, and with Coxey in
the field her cup of happiness should be
full.
Russia has determined that the
Greeks will have to abide by the con
sequences u tney persist in waging
war against Turkey. That is about
what the Greeks expect, and all they
ask is that the European powers keep
their hands off, and let them abide by
the consequence of their rashness.
It is now time that Astoria either be
set off into a commonwealth by itself
or annexed to Nevada. The common
council of that city has, by a voto of
five to four, passed an ordinance licens
ing gambling. Hereafter gambling
houses will be legalized in the city by
the sea by the payment of the license
fee fixed by the council.
The past two Oregon legislatures
furnished ocular demonstrations of the
bunglesome method of electing United
States senators, and now Kentucky
comes to the front with another object
lesson of the necessity of an amend
ment to the constitution, allowing
senators to be elected by direct vote.
Bow many more such demonstrations
will bo required beforo congress will
adopt a resolution submitting such an
amendment to the suites?
Turkey is too poor to sena an ara
bas?ador to Wasljiugloti, hence that
country will bo represented at our im
tiunal capitol by a minister, and cs
tiecrctary Foster, if hii gots to Con
stantiuoijie, will only bf aujorded the
title of minister, since Undo Sam will
send out do uailMSjaJors to nations
who are rcproH't' i hero by uiiziUters.
The iron puddiers of Pennsylvania
voted lat fall lor "protection to
Americaninuustries" that would ralso
their v.ages. They have just received
a reduction of fifty cents a ton for pud
dling, and have seeu their places taken
by a lot of foreigners because they re
fused to accept tho reduction in thoir
pay. To comment upon this at present
would be unkind.
It was a windy bluff the house under
took when it tacked onto the Diupley
bill a section imposing duties that
might sometime be fixed by act of
congress on all imports after April 1,
It would have been fully as sensiblo to
have added a section requiring tho
payment of McKinley duties on all
goods imported since that law was re
pealed. At last the senate has taken deQnito
action with reference to tho Cuban
question, passing a resolution calling
uoon the president to protest to the
Spanish govern ment against violations
of the rules of civilized warfare. The
resolution is indeed timely,"for such a
thing as butchering prisoners of war,
whether they be rebels or foreigners,
should not bo tolerated.
Advices fiom Washington are that
the senate will not begin the consider
ation of the tariff bill until about the
middle of May, and that it cannot pass
beforo the end of June. This will give
importers abundant time to stock up
on all tho lines beforo it can go into
effect, and the importers will reap a
harvest, for what they import now will
be sold at the same prices as if they
hid paid duties.
Portland is putting forth an effort to
secure a largo woolen mill, and when
Portland goes to work in earnest to
secure anything it generally succeeds.
Tho same should be true of The Dalles.
Here we have been talking "woolen
mill" for years but that is all. During
the time we have been talking other
places have secured the mills, and
Portland will probably get one before
we do.
It is sometimes said that hard times
make populists, but over in Washing
ton another method has been adopted.
A populist legislature and governor
were elected last November, and from
some cause.possibly economical admin
istration, the state is today in better
shape than since it discarded its ter
ritorial swadling clothes, and its war
rants, which have always been at a
discount, are sellingiit a premium.
It may be some encouragement to
temperance workers to note that tho
internal revenue receipts from whisky
showed an increase of only one per
cent for the last year, n-hile tho tax on
beer and other malt liquors increased
six per cent. Population is increasing
about two pnd one-half per cent a year,
so it may be concluded that the Ameri
can people are drinking mora but not
getting drunk so much as they used to.
It was no small surprise to congress
when Representative Walker raised
his voice against appropriating money
to relieve the sufferers from tho Miss
issippi flood. In opposing the measure
Walker, said "it is not for congess to
take money from the people by taxa
tion and distribute it in charity." Yet
Mr. Walker voted for the Dingley bill
which takes money from the people
and gives it to the protected classes,
and also favors bounties for the sujar
producers and steamship owners.
W. J. Bryan was asked for his views
on the Ohio and Michigan elections.
"They indicate that confidence has not
been restored, and need no explana
tion from me; tbey speak for them
selves," was his reply. And this is
perhaps the best explanation that
could be given of the landslide that
struck Ohio, Michigan and Chicago.
The promises of the advance agent of
prosperity have not been redeemed,
hence confidence has not been restored
with the voters.
The Massachusetts Reform Club of
Boston has commenced a systematic
movement.for currency reform. It has
recently passed formal resolutions de
manding that congress shall adopt
some safe plan "whereby our legal
tender paper and silver and our silver
certificates shall be slowly withdrawn
and gold, gold certificates and bank
notes shall gradually take their
places." They further advocate "such
legislation as will encourage the es
tablishment aud successful operation
of small banks with local capital and
knowledge of credits." Just so, the
people or rather the larger number of
them, voted for this kind of thing last
November, and the people always
should be given what they vote for.
To do otherwise is to consider tho
people incapable of self government,
There are a great
many wrong waj's
ot treating disease,
It is easy to make
mistcirs. Doctors
make mistakes just
tne same as any
body else. The
doctors who make
the fewest mistakes
are specialists.
They do one thing
nver mirl over fltin
over, so that thev
know all that there
is to know about it.
In the 30 years that Dr. Pierce's Pleasant
i'eiiets have been sold, hundreds of thou
sands of people have taken them, and have
been cured by them. There is no longer
any possible question of their efiicacy.
They are the product of experience, tried
by time. They are intended to cure con'
stipation. They are good for men, wo
men ana cuiiaren. Tney axe tiny, sngar
coated granules, very easy to take, very
in ine:r action, one eiiet ' is a
gentle laxative, two "Pellets" a mild
cathartic. A great many people make
the mistake of " sandbagging " their di
gestive organs. They take some 6trong
and violent medicine, which creates
worse troubles than it cures. Strong
purgatives shock the system unnecessar
ily, and they do not cure constipation.
Constipation is a thing that makes peo-
le listless and languid; makes their
reatli bad; wakes them up with foul
taste in their mouths; puts black spots
before their eyes; makes them dizzy;
causes headache ; makes them bilious ;
produces pimples and blotches runs into
all sorts of serious consequences. All this
is cured by Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets
cured absolutely, perfectly, permanently.
Send 21 one-cent stamps to cover cost of
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Ur. Pierce's Common Sense Medical Ad
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family healthy ; contains 1008 pages, over 30c
illustrations and over 680,000 copies have
been sold at $1.50 each. The new edition of
500,000 copies is to be given away absolutely
free. World's Dispensary Medical Asso-
eation, Buffalo, N. Y.
ff A w
GREAT DAY AT ATHENS i
Anniversary of Greek Inde
pendence Celebrated.
CHICAGO DEMOCRAT
Carter Harriscn Was Elected K:
by an Overwhelming
Majority. The Resolution Xiecognizing cnba I:t 1
Senate Starred to Death in tl;.S'
Midst of Plrnty Rryan Visits
McKinley.
ATHEXS, April 0, Greatenthuiasra
is being manifested here today u jring
the fetes organized to celebrate the an
niversary of the declaration in 1821 of
the independence of Greece from Turk
ish rule. The king and members of
the royal family, accompanied by min
isters and all the high court aj:d other
officials of Athens, attended religious
ceremonies at the cathedral, where
the Te Doum was sung. Tho king re
ceived a great ovation, during his pas
sage to and from the cathedral, and he
and tho ministers wero showered with
leafl'.-ts inscribed, '"Hurrah for War!"
CUBAN 1K11ATE IS IKK SENATE.
Morgan and Hle nave a Fassase at Arms
Iloth Senators Were Excited.
Washington, April 6. The resolu
tion of Senator Morgan, of Alabama,
declaring that a state of war exists in
Cuba, was taken up by the senate to
day, and Morgan addressed the senate
' in favor of the resolution.
An exciting dobate between Morgan
and Hale occurred during Morgan's
speech. Hale denied Morgan's state,
ment that the Spanish prisons were
stuffed with Americans. Morgan asked
Hale where his information came from,
and then asserted that he (Morgan)
knew who the informant was. The
country knew who it was. Ihe sena
tor frou Maine (Hale) cou'd not con
ceal the fact, asserted Morgan, that he
was in communication with the Spanish
government.
Hale made an indignant denial, stat
ing that none of his information came
from Spanish sources, and it was en
tirely from American:?.
The Morgan Cuban resolution went
to tho senate calendar, thus losing the
privileged place. Morgan gave notice
that he would make a motion tomorrow
to take it up with a view to securing
final action.
ELECTION J.-o CHICAGO.
Carter Harrison Will lie the Next Mayor
of tne Wluily City.
Chicago, April G. The mayoralty
election today resulted in a decisive
victory for tho democratic party, its
candidate, Carter H. Harrison, having
more yotes than all the other candi
dates combines.
At Midnight the available figures
give:, )
sears, rep.......
Harrison, dem ...
Uarlan, ind
Hesing, ind
The democrats
of the offices in
60,000
U8.00i
; 72,000
18,000
made a clean sweep
the west town and
north town, and probably in the south
town also, although - the republicans
have a chance to get an assessor in
that part of tho city. Of the 34 alder
men, tha retnrn.3 point to the election
of 26 democrats, 4 republicans and 4
independents, 3 of these independents
being democrats who were put on the
ticket by petition.
QIEEN OF TOE NAVY.
Tne Itattle Ship Iowa the Peer of Any
Ship Afloat.
Boston, April 7. The battle-ship
Iowa the last of the premium-built
battle-ship3 of the navy earned today
for her builders, Messrs. Win. Cramp
& Son, of Philadelphia, 8200,000 by
making an average of 17 even knots
per hour, orer the regular government
course off the Massachusetts coast, in
the four hours' speed trial required by
the government under the contract.
The Iowa, by her grand' work, proved
hers&lf to be superior to either tho
Indiana or Massachusetts, and is today
tho acknowledged queen of tho Ameri
can navy, if not the most, formidable
battle-ship afloat.
RELIEF IS ON THE WAY.
Government to Aid Mississippi Valley
Flood Sufferers.
Washington, April 7. The presi
dent this morning sent to congress a
special message regarding the flood
sufferers in the Mississippi valley. It
recited facts learned from governors
and prominent citizens of Arkansas,
Louisiana, Mississippi and Tennessee,
regardina the extent of the submerged
area and tho cumber of people who
have lost all property and crops, as
well as their chance to raise anything
during the present season, and said
that from $150,000 to $200,000 would be
necessary to relieye their wants. It
cited former occasions when the gen
eral government gave money in aid of
unfortunates and strongly urged con
gress to promptly make tho appropria
tion in the present case.
In the Benate, upon receipt of the
president's special message, Senator
Jones, of Arkansas, offered a joint res
olution appropriating $150,000 for sup1
plies to Mississippi river flood sufferers,
In the house, Catchings of Missis
sippi, offered a resolution appropriating
$200,000 for the relief of flood sufferers
The senate passed the Jones resolu
tion and the house the Catchings reso
lution. This would have left an awk
ward situation, but the senate yielded
precelence to the house, recalled its
resolution and promptly passed the
house resolution, which then went to
the"president.
The president signed the resolution
at 1 :55 p. m.
Secretary Alger acted with tho
greatest promptness, and has already
almost completed arrangements for
distribution of government relief for
the flood suiters. By tho present plan
army officers will start for Memphis
tomorrow, and, dividing the Missis
sippi into six sections, will ascertain
the needs of the people; another de
tail of officers following and distribut
ing rations.
Kefnsed to Take Food.
Boston, April 6. Mrs. Mary Lin
coln, aged 93, died in Bristol, rL I.,
yesterday, after fasting 43 days. The
case is considered a most remarkable
one. She was in very good physical
condition and was bright and cheerful
until six weeks ago, when attacked
with the final illness which caused hor
to declare against any more food.
Physicians from all over New Eng
land have puzzled over the case for
weeks, attempting every known means
to get substance into her system, but
her strange disease baffled science.
While conscious of all that was going
on about her, Mrs. Lincoln sa d she
did not care for anything more to cat.
She was c',eriulne.1 and actually
starve to death in tho midst rf pl.-.ity.
Itnlfotir ! h''-1i
NlJ'.V VOKK, April S.- A lle-r.'d :-.
paten from St. Pcterabur; s.iy.-:
Just i-.t that moment when c vi-! y v.
bad utudj up his mind thit ftil trouU'rj.
in Goects and Crclo wjs set'.Io'j. and
:,!.! t-hrt b: ... I:td opened iwoyantly
on tho report that Greece had five
! w:iv. :i verr unfortunate counter-blast
has come in the postponement of the
blockade, and the news of the speech
of Mr. Balfour, in whiijh he is reported
to have talked of a union with Amer
ica in case of war with France and
Russia. This latter point sounds eo re
markable and improbable thai had it
not come through the cfficjwl agency
it would seem the strongest impres
sion upon a largo party hero, whoso
members persistently declare that Eng
land is backing Greece and wishes to
secure Suda b.iy. As an idea of this
sentiment it has been reported that
England is about to force the Dardin
ells. Three Men Killed.
Spokane, Wash., April ". A fatal
snowslide took place in tho Howson
crefk basin, a mile from the Idaho
mine, iu the Three Forks district, las.t
Sunday, in which three men were
killed. The only particulars obtaina
ble i3 that contained in private tele
grams. Sunday morning a smaU land
slide occurred at the upper tramway of
the Sloca.n Tramway Company, and
two employes of the company were
sent up to removo the obstruction
While thus employed, a snowslide from
the mountain at the head of the basin
occurred, and before the men could
reach a place of safety, the avalanche
overtook and buried them.
Complete Returns at Chicago.
Chicago, April 7. The mayoralty
vote complete is as follows: Carter H.
Harrison, democrat 144.828; J. M.
Harlan, independent, G7,072; N. C.
Sears, republican, 57,555; W. Hesing,
business men's, 15,116; JohnGlembeck
socialist-labor 1,226; H. L. Parmelee,
prohibition, 852; J. I. Pearce, jr., inde
pendent, 68G; F. Howard Collier, inde
pendent, 88. Total, 287,434. Harrison's
plurality, 77,736; Harrison's majority
over all, 2222.
Complete returns show the elec'ion
of 23 democratiq aldermen, six republi
cans and five independents. The demo
crats will have a majority of eight over
all in the next council. .
Burglars in Lobannon.
Lebanon, Or., April 7. Robbers
entered the Southern Pacific Com
pany's depot at this place last night
and attempted to rob the safe by blow
ing it open with dynamite. The rob
bers gained entrance into tho depot
by breaking out a class pane and rais
ing the window. They then drilled a
hole tnrougb tho outside casing of the
safe door and inserted the dynamite
and blew tho outside casing open,
blowing out some of the cement. They
then attempted In several places to
drill through the inside casing of the
door, but it was evidently too hard for
I their drills. Tho safe door is ruined,
jut otherwise the safe is not damaged.
Hunter to be Slaetraclted.
LOUISVTLLK, Ky., April 6. A special
to the Evening Post from Frankfort
says Dr. W. G. Hunter; republican
nominee for the United States senate,
has been called upon to surrender the
leadership to some man who can lead
the united party to victory. Dr. Hun
ter pleaded for and obtained a'few
days' respite, but if by Thursday night
he has not won, and cannot put his
finger on enough vote9 to elect him
the next day, the leaders' of the repub
lican party will select another nomi
nee. This decision has been reached
attcn mucn deliberation. Tne new
nominee will bo either Colonel St,
jonn uoyi, jucgo V. 1. tlolt, or
Governor Bradley.
Morning Ulaze at Seattle.
Seattle, April 7. As the result of
fire at 1 o'clock in the Overland lodg-
inghouse, the lower floor being oc-
"cupied by the offices of the Salvation
Army, the building was gutted and the
roof of the Salvation Army woodyard
burned off.' The Palace house, adjoin
ing, was also gutted. No one was hurt,
although several narrow escapes of
lodgers, policemen and firemen are re
ported. The aggregate loss will reach
S15,UW). .
Konunion Pnddiers at Work.
Pittsbuhg, Pa., April 7. Seventeen
cf the 28 puddling furnaces of A. M.
Byers' rolling-mill, which has been
closed down by a etriko of puddlers
against a reduction of 50 cents a ton in
the puddling rate, started this morning
with nonuuion men. A largecrowd of
strikers collected about tho mills, but
beyond jeering the new workmen, no
attempt was made at interference.
Uryan at the Whlteuonse.
Washington, April C. W. J.
Bryan, late democratic candidate for
president, called at the White House
today with Representativo McMillin,
of Tennessee, and Attorney-General
Smythe, of Nebraska, to pay his re
spects to his late opponent. He was
greeted warmly by McKinley. Tho
latter said he had received a copy of
Bryan's book a few days ago, but had
not yet bad time to read it. After ex
changing courtesies and pleasantries,
Bryan retired.
Admirals' I'lan Completed.
Rome, April 6. It is semi-officially
announced that the admirals of the
foreign fleets in Cretan waters have
completed a plan for a blockade of
Greece, and haye forwarded it to their
respective governments for approval.
France has decided to send additional
forces to Crete.
An Insurgent Raid.
New VORK, April G. A World
special from Havana says:
Calabazar, in tbis province, was
raided Friday, vhe Spanish jail wap
forced open and 18 iusurgents who
were to be shot this week were re
leased. Most of the Spanish guard
officials were killed or wounded
, Clutrged With Embezzlement.
Kansas City, April . J. If. Al J
rich, for several years cashier and
paymaster in this city of tho Kansas
City, Fort Scott & Memphis railroad,
was arrested in his lawyer's office
charged with embezzling $27,000 of the
company a money.
The Flood In Missouri.
Chillicothe, Mo., April 6. The
overflow of tho Grand river is becom
ing serious. People are leavicg the
bottom lands and coming to town.
One family has been surrounded by
water and rescued by boats. No loss
of life has yet been reported, but great
damage to property has resulted.
Situation Is Improving.
ST. Louis, Mo., April 6. With the
continuance of cool and clear weather,
the flood situation is assuming a more
reassuring aspect here. There is no
change in the height of the river. . 1
sjmmmmmmnwmnimmmmmmmmmmmmmmK
181)7
J&'st iPrice, - $80
'35 S?amAerS, mhio Mry as. - $60
Second Hand Wheels $35 and upwards
tsSend for cut .ilosraes. free, and hand list.
FKIiD T. MERRILL CYCLE CO.
137 Sixth Ptreet. Portland. Or.
Hrnnebps Spokane, Scuttle, Tueoma and Walla WulUi.
LIVE AUBNTS WANTED
When in need of Carbonated Drinks, Frait . ' - -
and Bar Syrnp, ring up Phone No. 33,
which will call
S NHCSlT
ritoritiBTORs of
The Dalles Distilling & Carboraling Works
Private residences supplied with Soda and
and all Carbonated Drinks direct from the
Factory. . . . .
REVOLT IN URUGUAY
Government Troops Unable to
Cope Vith Insurgents.
FIRE IN KN'OXVILLE
Many of the Largest Wholesale Es
tablishments in the City
Destroyed.
An Aged lady Suicides at Salcm-Family
Trdables Were the Canso Illvora
Reported Recaptured Insur
gents Capture Forts.
New Yobk, April 8. A Herald dis
patch from Montevideo says:
The government is alarmed at the
failure of the troops to suppress the re-
bell Ion. Officials admit that
news
from the front is unfavorable. The
government column under Munez has
been dispersed bv Saravia. Lamas is
now said to ba marching on Monos.
' Saravia, the Brazilian reberchief, Is
at San Luis,near tho Brazilian frontier,
while Lamas is marching toward the
center of the republic. The govern
ment troops were defeated at Trecin-
tary Tres. The government has called
for the national guard.
The revenue from customs for the
last six months is $1,240,000 less than
for the preceding Bix months. Several
deputies have made a demand on the
chamber that the president shall
change his present policy.
Tho Herald correspondent in Rio de
Janeiro telegraphs that Conselbeiro
will use tho head of Colonel Moreciary
Caesar.the Brazilian commander killed
bv the fanatics, as an ensign for his
troops when in action. The ghastly
trowhv will be carried in the van of
the religious insurrectionists transfixed
by a pike.
The fanatics continue to gain ground
in Bahia, and aro making inroads into
other states. They pillage and burn
all villages which they enter and com
mit many atrocities.
BAD FIttr; AT KXOXVIIXK.
Heart of the Wholesale Dittrlet Swept by
Flames.
Cn atancog a, Ten., April 8. A tele
phone message to the News at 9 A. M.,
from Knoxville, Tenn., says the larg
est fire in the history of Knoxville
started in the husemcnt of the Mc-
Nultv Grocery Company, next door to
tho Knok hotel, in the wholesale dis
trict. Many of the largest wholesale
houses in the city were burned,
The entire block between Union
and Reservoir, Long and Gay streets,
with the exception of the McGee build
ing, on one end, the handsomest block
in the city, is a mass of ruins, and the
loss is estimated at nearly a million
dollars. Several people werelightly
injured.
The fire was discovered about 4
o'clock in the wholesale grocery store
of the McNulty Grocery company. A
ceneral alarm was turned in. The ef
forts of the firemen proved futile, how
ever and the namos spread rapidly,
It is now believed the total loss will
amount to about $1,200,000. Insurance
about one-half.
BY TOE STRYCHNINE ROCTK.
Mrs. Catherine B. Livermere Commits
Suicide at Salem
Salem, April 8. Mrs. . Catherine
B. Lirermore, died at her home on
West Front Stret, this morning from
a heavy dose of strychnine .admin
istered by herself. Hugh Starr, her
grandson, and his wife were living in
tho same house, and discovered her in
the throes of death at 6 o'clock.
Mrs Llvermore bad worried over
family troubles.. Tuesday she made
her will and yesterday addressed a
note to her grand-daughter, Mrs.
Jessie Robertson, of Dayton, request
ing her to be in Salem on Saturday,
A noto was also loft directing her
burial and requesting that no postmor
tem examination be held.
A son, Frank Starr, is in jail await
ing the action of the grand jury upon
a charge of having stolen $60 from his
mother.
The note referrol to tne suicide as
cowardly, but said she was unable to
stand the burden of life since her son's
trouble. She was 78 years old, and the
wife of William Llvermore, of Dallas.
The verdict of the coroner's jury was
in accordance with the above facts.
Operations by Insurgents,
New York, April 8. A Journal spe
cial from Havana says:
A large insurgent force recently ap-1
3
peared in front of fort No. 11, protect
ing the railway line between Caibra
rocn and Roinedios, and opened fire
with cannon. Ono shell fell in the
middle of the fort killing seven men
and wounding 10, the rest escaping.
The instirgonts then dynamited the
railroad bridge, interrupting commun
ication between the cities. Thoy aUo
attacked fort No. 12, forcing its sur
render and securing arms and ammu
nition. Fire at San Francisco.
San Francisco, April 8. Fire in
the St. Nicholas hotel . this morning
damaged the building and contents to
the extent of $50,000. Tho- fire broke
out in a drug store owned by George
Carroll, which is the store in which
Eugene Ware was mysteriously mur
dered. The night clerk had uninten
tionally left a gas jet burning near a
Sve-gallon can containing gasoline.
The flames communicated with the
fumes of gasoline, and the result was
an explosion which soon ignited the
combustible contents of tho drug store,
Rivera reed bj Insurgents.
Key West, April 8. News .was re
ceived la;t night that the Cuban in-su-gents
had made an attack on the
train upon which General Rivera was
being taken from San Cristobal to
Havana. Reports say the insurgents
were successful in their attack, sod
that Rivera was freed. It is impossible
to get a confirmation or denial of the
report as yet, but the Cuban sympa
thizers here believe it to be true and
are accordingly jubilant.
Southern Pacifle Election.
San Fkancisco, April 8. The
Southern Pacific directors held a meet
ing today to elect officers. All the of
ficers were re-elected, C. P. Huntington
being unanimonsly chosen president.
Vice-President C. F. Crocker stated
that there was no opposition to . the
re-election of the officers.
R
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