RQSEBURG REVIEW
IS ISSUED
FRIDAY MOUKIKGS
BY V '
J. R. N. BELL; Proprietor.
ne Year - - ... - .- .- - $2 50
Six Moutht - - - .. l 25
Three Months - - - - - I 00
77
IIOSEBURG REVIEW
i HAS THE
FIIIEST . J0I1 OFFICE
IN DOUGLAS COUNTY.
CARDS, BILL HEADS, LEGAL BLANKS
'And other Fruiting, Including
Large and Heavy Posters and Shewy Hacd-Bills,
Neatly and Expeditiously executed
AT PORTLAND PRICES.
STATE KliWS.
-rvo
These are the terms of those pyinjf in atl ranee.
The It evw offers flue Induccincuta to advertiser.
Term reasonable.
VOL. X.
JtOSEBURG, OREGON. FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER, 18, 1885.
NO. 54.
(HP
: ; GEEEALDISEOTOSY.
Grovf.r Cleveland President.
Thomas A. Hendricks iee Presiilwit.
Thos. F. Bayard ...Secretary of Statu
Dami x T. lfANMxo,S'.'crt:tiry of 'Treasury.
L. Q C. Lamm:. ..Stcrttury of tha Interior.
W M. C. Ksi:cott . . Secretary o V. ar
W. G. W hitney . ...... ...Socretrtrv of Navy.
W.-T. Vh,aj ....... Post Muster 'General.'
A.H. Gafland ..Attorney General.'
Morrison E. Waitk Chief Justice.
STATE OF OREGON.
J. N Dowh . . . U. 8. Senator
Bisux Hermans. .Congressman.
Z. F. Moodt. .......... ... ...Governor.
R. P. Earhart..... ....Secretaryof State.
Eiward Hirsch. . . . . .State Treasurer.
E. B. McELROY....Suit. Pub. Instruction.
W. H. Byars ... State Printer.
. J. B. Waldo, C. J., 1
Wm. P. Lobd, V . . . .Supreme Judges.
V. W. TlIAVER, ) ;:. , - 0
SECOND JUDICIAL PISTfllCT.
It. S. Beak:;Vv .Jude,
J. W Hamilton. Prosecuting Attorney.
DOUGLAS COUNTY.
Jons EjImitt, i
J. H. Shufe, y
.. Senators.
YVM. Manning,
IlESRy Rogers,
it. W illDDLK,
U. B. Wilcox.
, ...Itepres utatives.
G. VV. Kimball.
G. A Tatlow, ...
C'.erk.
.......... . . . ..iSiwrifl".
........... . .Treasurer.
.Sclio d Superintendent.
Af-st'f&or.
Cuuntv .1 nil pp.
V. N. Moore. .
Fjvv. Bkj.n. ,
E. C. JSacky
J. S. FfTZIIl'GH .
J.Hall, C. A. McGke, .... Commissioners.
WM. JHIFX. Surveyor.
D&. S. S. Maksters .Coroner.
CITY OF HOSEBCUG.
J. f!. FlTI T VTITflV I t "
L. C. Wheeler.
J. J. Caclkikld,
, . Trustees.
I nog. Grisdale,
O. L. V illis,
T. Ford .
G. J. Langeiiberg.
J. F. Barker . . .
. -y.. .'. Eeconler.
. .... . . Marshal.
. . . .". . .Treasurer.
PROFESSIONAL.
L Y. f.ANE,
JOHN LANE
L
AN2 Si LAJiE,
Attorneys at Law.
Main street, oposite Cosmojx.litan lintel.
1. "I.- 1. I.. 1 II . n
J C. FULLKUTOX,
Attorney at Lhw.
Office in Marks' 1 trick, n stairs..
1 A. jSKHLBREDE,
OAKLAND, OEEGOX.
N. MOORE,
General Insurance At ut.
02k-e at ('ourt House, Uoseljurg.
HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS-
rjlHE CEKTIIAL HOTEL.
Having rocain aMufri-l tbe maanfre
wenw f lhi wcll-kiiown House, of
wh idi we nr- (lie owner?, v? take
this iTfili-Kl of itif,..rruin the pul.lie
tli; it wiil
Vimr-' i.aks i.v I-'vkky Pai:ticuli;!
Hfalj nd Loj'in; ncrily .S'l 0)
2;,
WV' 5
SATifi FACTION GUAIiA.TKr.r.
S. T. & E. CiA!'.Kl.0S.
IUILEY'S HOTKI,
Oakland, Oregon.
Beard $1 par Day; Single Meals, 25 cents,
yrhis house has Utelj changed bands and is
thorovjrnijr rtmomted and refurnished. The travel
ing public will find the best of accommodations.
IV o Chinamen -Kmployud.
sunn BAILEY.
ABSOLUTELY
riasT cl.ss
DC. -MeCL ALLEN.
. Propria i or of the
McCL ALLEN HOUSE.
Larj; Sample llooma for Commercial
.Travelers. ,
rree Coach to and from the house
Bofrsx delivered froe of eharjs.
DEPOT HOTEL,
OAKLAND, ORKGOX.
T?iclitti;tl Thomas, Prop.
SLEEPING ACCOMODATIONS.
AND THE
Table supplied With the Best ths Market affords
Hotel at tho Depot of the Railroad,
HOOItE'S KESTAUIUXT.
(?riudpal Business Street.)
liooburgr, Oreffou
MEALS 25 CENTS, LODGING 25 CENTS
l Kirp fchi Bt ti Iirkit ASford
GENERAL MERCHAN DISE-
Sal-l'el Makks, Asher Mai:ks, W. I. Friedla.vdeb
B. MABES Co.
-DEALERS IN
EMM 1
HA VE CONSTANTLY- ON HAND- -
Wi
Crockery, Glassware,
Provisions,
ool and Produce
Cum
tion Bought
AND THE VERY HIGHEST CASH PRICES PAID FOR THEM.
S.MARK&CO - - - Rosebur, Or.
-
SUCCESSOR TO
1 -
-DEALERS IN-
GENERAL V1 E R C H A D 1 S E,
r.y i-vosebure: Oregon.
Has on hand constantly a large and complctq assortment of
General Mci'chandisc and will be plesised to see his old frier.ds
utul patrons, as well as new ones,who iu consideration of the
scarcity of money and tne present depression in business, will
study their own interests by'- calling on lrm and esaminhi
Before purchasing elsewhere I do not claim to sell goods
at cost, or less than cost, but will assure all who patronize me
that thoy will get their goods
At Tne Lowest Xivin? Front
Produce Of All Kinds Taken At Market Price.
Sol. Abraham.
IM. 3 OSi:i3I-ISOiSr.
mw TflBI? FAQW mm
Krej-s a full iiiio of Dress Goo of every Vnr;eiy and SUnide.
A inil line of Silks.
A full line of Satius, Brocades and Velvets.
A full lin of Fancy Dress Goods.
A full lino of Hosiery.
A full line of Clothing.
0
w
Q
85
0
b
A f all line of Furnishing Goods.
A full line of Hats and Caps, Boots and Shoos.
A full line of Staple and Fancy Groceries and Tobaccos.
A full lino of Crockery and Glassware.
And iasr, but not least, a full line of Ostrich Plumes and Tips, with all
kinds of Ladies Hat Trimmings and Hat Shapes of latest pattern.
-C03VE33 .NX) 03E3ZI JSOLJE2-
MJOSEPHSON.
War ! War ! War !
China and France have had their time;
Russia andKngland are still in Iiao ;
America with her watching eye,
Holds the line of traffic, by
The granery of the world.
Money is money, and as the blood-saping medium,
With its glitter of gold,
Has only its equivalent at Mensor's I'm told.
His stock is new and his goods are fresh;
And as to selection, he has the best.
Give him a call, under Slocum'sH all. ; & Jm XSeilQOr
COBSFUTTj
Successor to X
DEALER
DRY GOODS, COOTS and SHOES,
CLOTHING, HATS and CAPS
HUGS and PATENT UIEIHCIiSES,
Cheaper than the Cheapest.
ASM
GOODS. (JliOCERIl
Cig-ars,
Boots and Shoes.
of every Descrip
Whmlm
m Co.
m9i
o
o
to
0
3
D. JOHNSON.
IN
HOTIGE
I. Jicliinney has bought out
I. P Ilogairs tock of goods
and is selling oat at cot," in
order to close out : business.
Produce, such its Wheat, But
ter and Eggs, taken at high
est market price. ..
Call and examine Tor your
self, cs EiJsrpriees 'are
Cheaper -'than tlieSCheapcst.
AT TLOEB1S OLD STAND
STATE
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.
Ooirvallifi Orofl-on.
The next Session will begin on Septeni
ber 10th, with same Faculty
as last year.
B. L. Arnold, PRES.
- -WIlITE-i-,
BRONZE MOIYUMEIVTS
Eudorsed by Scientists,
PEAOHOALLY INUESTEUOIIBLE.
OVER 45,000 ALREADY ERECTED.
Suijerior to all other Monumental Materials.
J, A.CARDWELL. AGENT,
JACKSONVILLE, OREGON.
NEW STORE
AT-
iilLarda Oil.
would resjHJutfuJly inform tiM j nMic that ho
has ou haud a tine assortineut of
Dry Goads, Groceries,
Beady-Made Clothing
and in fact everything usually kept at a
h':8t-c'-aas tttore. Give iiim a call.
Goods at Isow Prices.
AH kinds of Produo
Taken n Exchange for Goods.
orders promptly attendtd to.
30,000 OASES
Files, llectnl.XJlcers,
Fi8sure), Prui itus-ani,
ITiastula lit uuo,
Iolypuis Root!.
ETC., ETC,
CURED IN 6 YEARS BY THE ERINKERKOFF SYSTEM
Dr. J. B. Pilkington Proprietor of tbe Portland
etb and eab I.vFiEJiART and Vmtaiux for Nebtovs
Diseases has been appoin.ed Agent and Physician
for this in Oregon & W. T. IJo severe sceoical
OPEBAT10N8, no pais no loss of EtooD. In 2 months,
have cured several cases in which severe cutting op
erations have failed. Am permitted to refer to Mr.
Jas. W. Weatherford, druggist formerly of Salem.
Mr. Frank Gardiner, machincst, Mr. K. A. Eampya
llarrisburg:, and others. If several patients apply,
will spend one day in each month, in Roseourg.
Add -ess for pamphlet etc ,
J. B. PILKINGTONM. D.
PORTLAND OR.
FOB SALE.
PROPERTY FRONTING ON THREE PRINCIPLE
Streets, size ttOxlSO feet, wblch will give FOUH
building lots S2jx90 feet. Good business houbeand
also good dwelling, well furnUhed, fine well, wind
pum-s aldo wood shed and other out buildings, tah
all well fenced. For particulars enquire at Havww
rf&ce -
J. C. SHERIDAN,
TxSuceessor tojr
R. S & J. C SHERIDAN,
DEALER IN
Stoves and Tinware,
Rosehurg, Oregon
THE andersiRned takee pleasure in an
nouncing to the public that he selling
everything in his line at prices that
DEFY COMPETITION!
if you WANT
STOVES. AGBIOTJLTTJK &L TOOLS
IB0H, STELV 5 AILS,
E0SSESH0E3, TIN W ABB. 0UTLEBY
Or anything in my line, call and examine my
stock and learn prices before purchasing else
where, as I am selling lower than ever.
J. C. SUSIUDAN,
WOMAN'S HAIR.
A young giil, one of the beautiful
age, came to me not long ago with her
hair cut short at the back, and with
one of those dreadful door-mat bangs
in front, and asked me what I thought
of young women who wpre their hair
so. I told her gently and kindly that
most women, as they grew older, cared
more for what was on the inside of their
heads than for what was on (be out
side, and I was sure she was no ex
ception, for she . was unusually weil
balanced mentally. Then she wanted
to know what I thought about
women's hair generally, and now I'm
goiag to tell Jier, aswell as such others
as may care to know, what I think.
Fxora t Jie. yexy beginning long hair on 1
a woman's head has been one of herif
distinguishing marks, and, we have the
a net ion of :the scuptures, old and new,
for the custom. I Poets and painters
have adopted it a'so, and in poem and
pictures woman's hair has played a
prominent part. I can't recall just
now any instance of a poet inditing
verses to a short-haired woman, though,
possibly, some few women have worn
their hair short who were quite as
good models for poetry as any others.
Nowadays the women who wear their
hair short are those who don't recog
nize poetry nothing but good haid
prose on "women's rights" has any
efiect on them at all. Of the long
haired ones, however, thousands of
lines have been written.
Now, having shown pretty conclu
sively that the hair should be worn
long (I admit thai in jases of chronic
headache, or in other necessities, short
hair is permissible and comfortable), I
shall make a few remarks as to the
style ef wearing it. Nature is not
fashion. Art u fashion, and women
nrglect nature and adopt .art in hair
dressing. The result is the pompadour,
the bang, in all its phases, crimps,
curls, and so on ad infinitum, and not
one in a dozen at all becoming. Ugly
hair needs these adventitious aids to
make it tolerab'e, but handsome hair
is 'its - owi, best ornament, and when
simply arranged to suit the contour of
the head and face of the wearer, is
something no quirk or quibble of
tashiou can improve. It is , woman,s ,
crown of glory, and a beauty which
the .--. whitening hand of time makes
none the less beautiful. It is the only
phvsicial beauty which doe3, not fade,
and the alchemv of "the years, which
transforms the golden tresses of vonth's
fpring into 'the silver threads of -wintry
age, does a wondrous work of m:gic
which maken the art divine Mrs.
Brown, in Merchant Traveler.
The announcement made last week
of tho organization of the National
Barb Wire Company, of Chicago, is
ano' her example of the growing ten
dency towurds monopoly of manufac
ture in this country. There are those
who pretend to be fair minded who ate
ready to support the position taken W
this class of bus:ness men, but only
from a selfish stind point , can this
course of action be improved.'-' In this
supposablv land of the free, every man
no difference how small his capital in J
business, ought to have a fair show, but
it is a question nowadays as to his get
ting it. It is true that there have
been many attempts to consolidate a :
number of small firms into giant cor
porations for the purpose of monopoly
which have failed, but such as have suc
ceeded in executing their original pur
pose have invariably pro.ed a curse to
the business world at largf Just what
the remedy is for this growing difficulty
is not an easy matter to determine, but
the consumers, who aie for the most
part patient people, will some-day grow
tired of the wrongs that are being en
acted against them and a means of put.
ting down the cause of there trouble
will be found. Whether or not it
could be accomplished by legal enact
ment is a question, but if it could be
dono that way the law-makers of our
country could find no better occupation
than to make the necessary law.- When
monopolies are spoken of in this country
the railroads and Wall street classes are
usually the first to come to mind, but
ttere are two or three monopolies en
gaged in the manufacture and sale of
the most common and necessary sup
plies of life, which quite equal the for
mer in the wrong done. We refer to
the Standard Oil Company, Diamond
Match Company and the tack combi
nation. Age ot Steel.
However much, politically, the Mail
may differ with the members of Pres
ident Cleveland's Cabinet, it does not
believe that one of them would favor
the appointment of a horse thief or a
convict. Such appointments are mis
takes which, no doubt, can be explain
ed. It is impossible for any Admin
istration to dispense the vast patron
age of this country without occasion
ally appointing men who, if tLey have
not been in the penitentiary, onght to
be. This was so under Republican
Administrations, it will be bo under
this Administration and it will be so
under all coming Administrations. It
is better to be fair. Chicago Mail.
Bucklen's Arnica Salve.
The Best Salve in the world for
Cuts, Bruises, Sores, Ulcers, Salt
Rheum, Fever Sores, Tetter, Chapped
Hands, Chilblains, Corns, and all Skin
Eruptions, and positively cures Piles,
or no pay required.- It is guaranteed
to give perfect satisfaction, or money
refunded. Price 23 cents per box. '
IV OOL. v
A liberal movement of wool contin
nes to be repoited at all the seaboard
markets, and prices are firm and grad
ually advancing. Sales are well, dis
tributed, and on the whole the gain of
the last sis weeks in values and activi
ty is fully sustained. Production being
rather in excess of last year, the move
ment of goods improving, and tho sta
ple reUtively cheap, manufacturers
take hold with considerable confidence.
In some "instances dealers have marked
parts of their stocks a good deal above
the present level of values, ' thereby di
minishing to some extent the . volnmo
of present transactions. iTJn til fabrics
advance perceptiUv, buyers of wool
ill be cautious, an4 so far -the gait in
the goods market consists mostly in an
improved demand merely. A revival
of confidence is apparent among the
English manufacturers, as t well as in
this xiountry. Thl first of the Septem
ber auction sales in London have shown
an unchanged situation. The shortage
in this year's Australasian wool clip U
estimated in Melbourne at 80,000 bales.
Ihe .Boston market is strong, with
advances of lc. recorded on. some
kinds, and sales liberal. -In the move
ment of wool there has been no retro
gression since about July 1st, when in
creased activity first appeared. Man
ufacturers aie slow to pay more than
early in the summer, but yet the range
of piices show a material advance. The
outlook for woolen goods is generally
regarded as much improved. Current
prices are about, 3132c, for Ohio and
Pennsylvania X, 3233c. for XX. and
! 3335c. for XX and above. Wool
sles at Benton this week are 5,495,000
pound; this year 104,700,000 pounds;
last vear 79,700,000 lwunds. This
week's sales are the largest on record.
The general advance in price since the
r:se began has been about 2c. to 3c,
Values are now only fractionally lower
than last vear
The Philadelphia market is strong
and active. The sales are smaller in
the aggregate because stocks have been
depleted by recent large transactions
and receivers have not had time to open
and grade new wools fast enough to
meet the demand. Another cause of
the reduced volume of business is the
fact 1 1) ut selling limits in many cases
have- been advanced : l2c. and the
wools thus held are for 'the moment
practically out of the market There
is a very firm and confident feeling as
the future of the market, and sellers
are indifferent about ' realizing "except
at tull prices. JSew" York
HiXctiange.
T1 t
TRAStrS TRICKS.
VAU the old lays are played out, and
it takes an artist to live fat Jike we
used to. I really believe the chickens
r ost higher than they did in the good
old days. Oh, times is getting awful! '
The fellow retired to a cave of cloom.
n.etaphorically speaking, as he
to the flood of memories of the
before tramp business had been
trated by over-nrodnction. 4 A
gave
time
has to steal or work some fake, like
mending umbrellas or mending chiney
thats about as handy as any. Ob,
there ain't much to it. All a man's
got to carry is some samples, which
must be straight, and some Persian
cement glue, water, or anything to
hold the d ishes together till the man
gets out of the neighborhood. -You .
tie up the dishes with string and tell
'em they must let 'em alone at least
24 hours to dry, which give you time
to skip. I run out of glue water onct
and I cemented my dishes together
with molassf, which I got out of. a
farmers pantry. It was pretty much
the same. Cleaning clocks is another
good fake, only it has been worked to
death. One of us r;oes ahead and tink
ers up the clock, taking it partially to
pieces, tickling it up with a feather and
ann'inting it with ile or lard or some
thing. I always, when I'm on the
tramp, carry boa-constrictor ile or yak
ile for the purpose. Its coal-ile or laid
just as it hapjiens. When it comes to
put it together, if J don't know exactly
where all the wheels go I do th best I
know how, and if there is any overflow
of wheels withou t holes to put 'em in
as is usually the case I Just put 'em n
my pocket. I then handspike the
hands ahead a half hour, and tells the
folks it is unhealthy to turn them
back, and that they had better wait
until the time comes as p'inted by the
clock before they start it running.
This saves disarranging the innards, J
tells 'em. That half hour lets me out,
and I goes if the clock don, VrErie
(Pa.) Dispatch.
Mr. D. D. Prettvmen, of Salem,
who is employed by the land depart
ment of the Northern Pacific railroad
eomnanv to collect specimens of
irrosses, cereals etc., has about com
nleted his work. At the office cf the
land department in Kamm's new build
ing, can be seen a megnificent collec
tion which has been arranged by Mr.
Pretty man in a hajuhome, tasteful
manner. The collection embraces
about fifty specimen of wheat, oa
bailey, rye, timothy, flax, millet, Hun
garian grass, clover, alfalfa and several
species of native grasses Among the
. m . s S .
collection is a bunch ox native grass
gathered from the old historic battle
field on rhich was fought in Umatilla
county n engagement between the
whites and Indians in 1885 and again
in 1856. Several specimens of wild
flax were also sent which were gathered
on the old UmattlU reservation. Tel-
egram.
-MeMinville is to have a 2,200 city
hl).
Fully one tLird cf the exhibits
sent cast in the Oregon specimen
car, are from the counties of Jackson
and Josephine. -
A. TJ. B. geological surveying party
went out tc Crater lake, a short time
since, to take observations, but owing
to the dense smoke were unable 4o do
anything. k:; .
;It is reported that 77,700 acres of
swamp and overflowed lands were, sold
in Silver Lake valley recently to Cali
fornia capitalists. The amount "paid
was 533,963. j,
JThe steanifhip YaquinaLas been put
into the grain carrying trade from Ya
qfioa Bay to San Francisco and wheat
at Corvallis has raised six cents a-bn sh
el on account of the reduction in freight
Nearly all the saloon-keepers of Lake
and Klamath conn ties are selling liquor
without license. The lategramtgury
of Lake county failed to find any indict
mehts, but what thegrand jury of Kta.v
math county will do remains to be seen.
E. Bigbatn, of Vyalla Walla, a prom
inent horseman xf this coast, who in
former days took an active part in the
Oregon Slate Fairs, but for several
years has not been in attendance, wril I
this year bringdown some of his best
horses to the State fair.
Special agents of the government aro
visiting the so-called swamp lands of
Oregon, and it is expected that there
will be some squealing in various and
sundry parts of the state before long.
The swamp land this time of tlie year
is not large in our slate,
v During the next state fair there will
be a meeting of delegates, and we hope
from all the counties of . Oregon and
Washington territory, of those that
served their country in the Indian
wars of the .great horthwest, for the
purpose of organizing so that we may
be placed correctly in our country's
history, and have our unpaid claims
properly presented at Washington.
Mrs. S. M. Yoran and Mrs. Martha
Thompson, while out riding in a buggy
in Eugene city on the 8th, the horse
became frightened at a steam wood
sawing machine and ran away throwing
Loth ladies to the ground. Mrs.
Thompson died from her injuries on the
11th and Alrs. xoran has regained con-
ciousness and is in a fait- way to re
cover. Mrs. Thompson was fifty-three
years of age. --rzA: ' ,
Regarding the jetty at the Columbia
river bar, tlie reiHjrt ot the chief or
United States engineers says it Is ex
pected with the funds on hand, after
balance for care of
property to extend the complete brush
work to make 1500 feet in length, and
to leave the work in condition for
promptly resuming full ojerations
when the funds are provided. The
amount estimated for next year, $1,320
000," is for Luilding three miles of jetty. -The
amount required for the completion
of the project is 3,700,000..
Managers of the Yamhill county fair
have decided not to charge an admis
sion fee to women. The .fair opens at
McMinnville next Tuesday, and,
weather permitting, the farmers of the
county and their wives and daughters
will all be there. This 13 the first fair
ever held by the county society and ev-
ery effort is being made to make it a
popular success. Care js being taken "
also that it shall not be a financial fail
ure, a very necessary matter looking to
future success. The management an
nounce that every courtesy will be
shown members of the press and every
facility given them for obtaining infor
mation such as an agricultural and in-
dustiial fair seeks to furnish. -
The Oregon Pacific railroad company .
has made a proposition to the people of
Albany. . it pvojKses to . run their
road . to, build the bridge opposite,
and its shops in that city in considera
tion of $50,000. It agrees to .take land,
water power, or rights of way, in part
payment. The bridge which they pro
pose to build is to be made to. accommo
date , teams as well as trains. The
payments are to be made one-third
when tho railroad is completed to a
point in Benton county opposite Al
bany, one thitd when the bridge is be
gun and $10,000 already expended
therecn, and ths other third six months
after completion of the bridge. Albany
will certainly not miss this chance to
increase her besiness interests.
As usual the grain fleet is at our
gates without sufficient depth of water
to float them through, . with cargo.
In dilatory metliods the people of
Portland excel. They are at wont to
censure the farmer who allows the rains
to catch his crops exposed, not consid
ering thatj while he harvests and
gathers into grananes they should he
equally busy in clearing the road to
the world's markets. ; As a conse--tquence,
the work which should have
been domain July drags along into the
middle of September. Ships are at
anchor in the lower Columbia waiting
cargo by the slow, laborious and ex
pensive process r of transportation :on
barges, because there is a lump on the
bottom of the river in one place reduc
ing the depth to seventeen and a half
feet and a bar at another where there
is a depth of but eighteen feet. Of
course there is w no tim3 to lose,". but
J time is being lost all the same'and the
. lumps and bars in the river hold th9
j key to the commerce of u vast region .
Telegram.
r
'1