THE INDEPENDENT
. HAS THE
1
T7
FINEST JOB OFFICE
IN DOUGLAS COUNTY.
JLD
Q CARDS, BILL HEADS, LEGAL BLAMS,
One Year -Six
Months -Three
Months
$2 50
1 50
1 00
And other Printing, lncludinK
Large aii Heaiy Posters aM SHowr M-Bilte,
These are the term of those paying In advance. The
ROSEBTJRG, OREGON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 188-1.
Neatly and expeditiously executed
AT PORTLAND PRICES.
lavsriiKuiDi oners nne inauoemenu to advertisers.
Terms reasonable.
VOL. IX.
NO. 22.
THE INDEPENDENT
IS ISSUED
SATURDAY MORNINGS,
J BY THE
Douglas Comity Publishing Company.
'J.;jAy
pwrp
a w . I i H I 1 I 1 I 1 f 1 II II x I i t 1 H I 1
irniii
JLJAJJLPJUIJL- JLMVJ
Jt-ji U cUi
gJ. JASKULEK,
PRACTICAL
Watcliiater, Jeweler anl Optician,
ALL WORK WARRANTED.
Dealer in Watches, Clocks, Jewelry,
Spectacles and Eyeglasses.
AND A TOLL LIS! OF
Cigass, Tobacco & Fancy Goods.
Th only reliable Optomer in town for the proper adjust
ment of Spectacles; always on hand.
Depot f the Genuine Brazilian Pebble Spec
tacles and Eyeglasses.
Office First Door South of Postoffice,
ROSEBURG. OREGON.
LANGENBERG'S
Boot and Shoe Store
ROSEBl'RG, OBEOOX,
On Jackson Street, Opposite the Post Office,
Keeps on hand the largest and best assortment of
Eastern and San Francisco Boots and
Shoes, Gaiters, Slippers,
And everything in the Boot and Shoe line, and '
SELLS CHEAP FOR CASH.
Boots and Shoes Made to Order, and
Perfect Fit Guaranteed.
I use the Best of Leather and Warran all
my work.
Repairing Neatly Done, on Short Notice.
I keep always on hand
TOYS AND NOTIONS.
Musical Instruments and Violin Strings
a specialty.
LOUIS IiAAGEXBERG.
DR. (Yl. W. DAVIS,
8 DENTIST,
ROSEBURG, OREGON,
Office On Jackson Street, Up Stairs,
Over S. Marks & Co. s New Store.
HAHONEY'S SALOON,
Nearest the Eailroad Depot, Oakland.
JAS. 9IAIIOXEY, - - . Proprietor
The Finest Wines, Liquors and Cigars in
Douglas County, and
THE BEST BILLIARD TABLE IN THE STATE,
KEPT IN PROPER REPAIR.
Parties traveling on the railroad will find this tlace
Tory handy to visit during the stopping of the train at
me uaaiana uepos. uive me a can.
JAS. MAHONEY.
JOHN FRASER,
Home Made Furniture,
WILBUR, OREGON.
UPHOLSTERY, SPRING MATTRESSES, ETC,
Constantly on hand.
FURNITURE.
have the Best
FURNITURE
Portland.
And all of my own manufacture.
So Two Prices to Customers.
Residents of Douglas County are requested to give me a
call before purchasing elsewhere.
ALL WORK WARRANTED.
DEPOT HOTEL,
Oakland, Oregon.
RICHARD THOMAS, Proprietor.
This Hotel has been established for a num
ber of years, and has become very pop
ular with the traveling public.
FIRST-CLASS SLEEPING ACCOMMODATIONS
-AND THE
Table aup plied with the Best the Market affords
Hotel at the Depot of the Railroad.
H. C. STANTON,
DEALER IN
Staple Dry Goods,
Keeps constantly on band a general assortment of
Extra Fine Groceries,
WOOD, WILLOW AND GLASSWARE,
ALSO
CROCKERY AND CORDAGE,
A full stock of
SCHOOL BOOKS,
Such as required by the Publio County Schools.
All kinds of Stationery, Toys and
Fancy Articles,
TO SUIT BOTH YOCNO XSD OLD.
Buys and Sells Legal Tenders, furnishes
L-neoKS on X'ortiana, ana procures
Drafts on San Francisco.
I
SEEDS!
ALL KINDS OF THE BEST QUALITY.
ALL ORDECS
Promptly attended to and goods shipped
witn care.
Address.
1IACIIEXY A BEXO,
Portland. Oregox.
A Hint in Tombstone.
4 i rvwT,optirnt has a lot con
J lUYVU VWUUVV..V-.
tainingfive graves, one in the center and
ii...tL,nrhT at the four Dointaof
the compass. The center grave bears
the brief inscription, "Our liusband,
-v:i sv,f or inscribed, respect-
Y 11111 tllO WIUWJ " ' r
ively: "My I wife," "My II wife," "My
III wife," "My IV wue.
The asylum for the insane is further
from the plow than it is from tne ncn
man s gold, or the honored man s lame.
LA! SENORITA.
Elvira Sudnor j Miller in Courier-Journal.
I saw her on a golden day.
The Spanish belie of Monterey;
w lien hrst her beauty's glad surprise
hhown out like starlient in the skies
When senoritas come and eo.
Each looking with coquettish glances
From lace mantilla that enhances
Their beauty as the soft moss throw
An added splendor round the rose.
i fir
The high comb in her raven hair
Held one red blossom prisoned there,
And round her neck an amber chain
Had caught the sunlight's yel!ow rain
The dusky bloom of throat and chin
v as like a nower with vine therein.
The glad spring in her step, the South
it lowed in the rose of cheek and mouth,
W hue over form and face was thrown
A spell the coldest heart must own.
She passed serenely thro' the throns
A perfect poem set to song." . .
While e'en her graceful fan had taught
Some voiceless love the speech it sought;
bhe did recall a night of stars,
Soft serenades 'neath lattice bars,
A rote dropped silently below,
Where slept the moonbeams' drifted snow,
Fond looks for love alone to mark
A dagger thrust made in the dark.
I watched her as she moved apart
And left a winter in each heart.
Then said, half sadly: "As the flower
Hath grace and beauty for an hour,
So she, this radiant newcomer,
Is but the blossom of a bummer,
Like Joshua I would command
The sun of loveliness to stand,
That one so exquisite as she a
Might bloom and shine immortally."
Fact for Farmer.
M. Quad's letter.
Bee here, my farmer friend, let me give
you a few facts. 1 he average farmer
shortens the services ot his lumber wagon
one year by leaving it out in the sun and
dew. His plow would last one year longer
if kept painted and sheltered. For the
want of a little attention his harness wears
out only half its days. His barns and
sheds go to rack for the want of paint.
Where the hoof -rot could be stopped in
the first sheep if he were posted, he stops
it in the thirtieth. The farmer who gets his
agricultural hints from the almanac loses
his hogs by the cholera.his fowls by the pip,
and his horses slobber from his gate to the
village store and back. Let a man run
your farm on business pinciples and the
fence corners would not take up four acres
out of every forty; there would lie no old
box-drams about the house to bring
typhoid fever and doctor's bills. Those
leaks in the roof of the barn would not
spoil three or four tons of hay next year;
the want ol an cave-trough on the house
would not cave in the cellar walls: the
first sign of disease among the live stock
would be promptly treated; tools and im
plements of every sort should be carefully
housed, and '
W ell I am going to shock you. I'd
have the harness oiled and buggis and
wagons washed once a week. I'd have a
lawn alxmt the house, and make a display
of flowers and shrubs; I'd give a party now
and then, and I'd encourage meetings of
farmers once or twice a month, not to
kick about railroad freights or jaw about
politics, but to post each otlner on farm
work and the best way to manage it.
Brave Sam Houston in Alalani i.
The Century.
The fire of the Indians was deadly, and
thus, muzzle to Inuzzle, the combat raged
for some time. ! Houston's major, L. P.
Montgomery, was the fir&t man on top of
the works, where he was instantly killed.
Young Houston, who had a short time be
fore been promoted to ensign, seeing his
major fall, sprang at once to the spot and
received a barbed arrow in his thigh.
With the arrow still in the quivering flesh,
the young ensign, calling vn his men to
follow him, leaped down into the mass of
Indians, and by Jus vigorous strokes soou
had a space cleared around him.
1 he works were soon carried, the In
dians fleeing before the troops into the
underbrush. Houston now sat down,
called one of his lieutenants to him, and
told him to pull the arrow from the
wound. Two strong jerks failed, when
Houston exclaimed in an agony of paiu
and impatience: ! "Try asrain, and if you
fail his time, I; will strike you to the
ground. " Throwing his entire weight
against the arrow, the lieutenant drew it
forth, but with fearful laceration and loss
of blood. While the wound was being
dressed by the surgeon, Gen. Jackson rode
up and spo::e words ot praise to his oun
friend, giving him an order not to enter
the battle again,; which Houston begged
him to recill; but the general only re
nested it more peremptorilj, and r-de on.
In a few minutes' Houston was once more
in the thick of that hand-to-hand struggle.
which closed only with the fall of night,
Acidulated Fruit of the Vine.
New j York Journal.
"There's a seat, " said one Brooklynite
to another in the bridge-cars the other
morning. "You sit down, " was the re
ply to the invitation.
Keany, now, 1 don t care to sit down
I have to be seated so much during the
day that " Lcf ore the first speaker had
finished his second sav a scnooi gin nad,
with a well assumed air of innocence,
slipped under u.eir
into their seat, i
gesticulating arms
u I really prefer to stand in -the morn
ing. "ooao i,: said tue jl roomy nue,
while the seated passengers Lctra3Tcd the
ghost of a sarcastic smile.
A Kapld Traveler.
fNcw York Sun.
u3Iy son," said an economical father,
w n urnricfl troin nffainc rrraot crtfififl
Lightning is proverbial for its rapidity,
comets are supposed to hurl themselves
through space at the rate of millions ol
miles a day, but,! comparatively speaking,
all these things are snails, my boy, all
snails. I
"Why, father,;" replied the young man,
lazily puffing a 5-cent cigar, "what can
possibly go faster than lightning?"
A. fO-DUl aner it is once uroiven, my
1 i -11 P t . T
son.
Kissing in Pittsburg.
Philadelphia Call.
Irate Pittsburg rarent lhis tiling has
got to stop. You have been allowing
young .Nicefellow to kiss you.
Dut, pa, why do you iuiuk
T rfnn'fthmkJ 1 knnw Ho kiscuvl von
I all over your mouth and on both cheeks.
..-... . . i .j
W hy, ;a, you were noi mere, anu
an T Vns not there, but I am here.
see that there isn't a bit of soot left on you
lace below your jorcneaa.
European Passenger Trade.
("ChieasroHerallil
ftn nil T.iTrnnpan railways tl.pre are first.
second and third class fares for passenger
traffic; the third-class fares yield the larg-
est margin Ol prom, xniring me last ieu
.onva tha i-atoa rinvA !wpn cpnfirn 11 v re
duced, and it has been found that the re
duction has invariably increased tralEc
enormously, even peasants, who formerly
did not dream of traveling, indulging in
the luxury of riding behind the iron horse.
ONE HEART.
!l-a Wheeler ii Midland Monthly.
To rise eaily, work late, hurry
through, his three meals like some hun
gry animal, and plunge into bed with
the first shadow of night, was John
Chester's idea of existence.
. To sit and talk awhile, to read an
hour, to speak a tender word or bestow
a tender caress, were follies and non
sense in his eyes. Yet they would have
made Gertrude s life at least content, if
not happy.
"Poor thing. I don't believe she has
ever had any one tell her she ought not
to work so hard," muse J Breeze. "Well.
I'll do what I can to brighten her dull
ife while I'm here."
"Are you fond of books';" he asked
;ier that evening, as she sat mending.
V ery, she answered. I have never
had very many, though, since I came to
Iowa."
"Would you like to nsa mine? or
would you like to have me read aloud a
ittle while every evening, wh le yon
sew?"
"O, if you would only real to me l"
Gertrude answered, her cheeks flaming
with a sudden alory.
"I will," he aniwered, and after that
be read almost evening for an nour,
while the stea ly, sonorous snore from
the next room testified to the undis
turbed slumber of John Cl e ter.
Of course there could be but one re
sult for a w oman in Gertrude Chester's
situation, exposed to the constant, de
lightful companionship of a young, re
fined and handsome man. bhe grew to
love him with all her heart and soul.
For weeks she did not know her dan
ger. Then she began to realize it ; at
first w.th fright and shame, and then
with exultation.
"I have done no wrong," she said to
her own soul fcI have not by look or
word or act brought this upon myself.
It has come to me, and it would not
have come if it had not been best for
me. Life holds a new glory forme ; the
world is more beautiful than it ever was
to me. I am better, stronger, nobler
for my love. He does not know he
need never know its existence. I can
conceal it, but I will not try to banish
it from mv heart."
Breece Berton became indispensable
in tiie Lnester household. lie ot ten
lent a strong arm at the ax, and in the
hay field. "It develops muscle, he
would say, and as he paid his board
bill regtllarly, John Chester made no
objection. Gertrude grew f re her and
younger everyday. She had not known
what it was to ha e fo much assistance
and sympathy in all her married life.
bhe sang r.ke a bird, her 6tep grew
elastic, and her eyes were glorious in
their new beauty.
bhe held a strong rein upon herself.
She was never betrayed into the slight
est look or act which told her secret.
Her manner toward Breece Berton was
that of a blithe, frank sister or comrade
whether in presence of others or
alone with him, and this love grew, and
filled her whole being like a gret light.
Sometimes she thought ot the time
when he must go away. The thought
always brought a quick, sharp pain
with'it, yet only for a moment.
"This love is mine, whether he goes
or stay nothing can taKe tnat irom
me," she reasoned, and the spirit within
her looked out through her lovely eyes,
until all who saw her remarked how
young and beauthul Gertrude Chester
was growing.
Breece Berton finally grew grave,
moo. y and absent-minded.
"When, questioned by Gertrude if he
was ill or in trouble, he answered that
his business matters annoyed him, noth
ing more, xet, as the weeks went by
G ertrude knew that there was some
thing more she feared that he had dis'
covered her secret, and was angry or
displeased, bhe drew more within her
self, and treated him almost with cold
ness.
A week later he announced that he
was going away
They were quite alone John Chester
sleeping heavily in his room,
"For long?" she questioned, as she
bent over her sewing.
"For good," he replied; "I have
thrown up my go "eminent business
my land agency affairs and I am going
back to 1 huadelpliia to enter into busi
ness there."
"Indeed.". she answered very calmly;
"when did yon decide upon this? and
why i
curred."
"Yes,
replied.
Something must have oc
something has occurred," he
"May I ask what? or would you
rather not tell me."
Her heart was beating wildly, a sick
ening fear that he referred to her love
for him made htr feel faint and dizzy.
But he was uot looking at her.
"I would rather not I must not tel
you," he responded. "It would pain
and anger yon
She knew now that he did refer to
her love for him. That he had dis
covered it, and was driven away by it;
A blaze of angry pride brought the
blood back to her cheeks, bhe would
convince him that he was mistaken,
the effort killed her.
"If it concerns myself, or mv hus
band," she sa d, "I insist upon know
ing. I think it is my right to know
"It concerns you both vitally," he an
swered, "vet, unless ou insist, I would
rather go away without telling you."
"iiut I do insU."
He shoved Lack the chair in which
he had been sitt.ng. and arose and
stood before her with folded arms
"Well, then," he said in a low, slow
way "I am going away because I love
you with all my heart and soul,
Gertrude."
"She co ered her face with her hands
Her heart ceased beating, her whole
being thrilled with the most exquisite
delight as she listened to his words a
delight that was almost
agony. He
now she was
loved her he loved,
ready to die.
Ah!
He "reached forward and took her
hands from her face. She drew them
quickly away, and faced him, white and
beautiful as a eeddess
"No," she said, "do not stay go. It
is best. But I am not angry with you
I I, too love you. xno; do no
speak do not touch me, Breece. Let
this love remain as holy and beautiful
as its source, which is divine. Let
not be profaned. Go, and I will stay.
P ut the love is ours, and will help and
strengthen and glorify our lives
always."
" Y es, and som e time some time,
Gertrude, God will give you to me. I
r l i t l . -l t - l ri i
eei m. x sdow it. x can wait, orooa
nignt."
The next day he said good-by to her
in the presence of her husband; a white
circle about his mouth and his : verted
eyes ale ne spoke his agony.
He was su .ering intensely it was a
yonng man s nrst passion. He nad
never loved any woman save his mother
and sister until now.. All his heart and
soul had gone out to this mature and
beautiful and refined woman who was
six years his senior. y
He never liked to think of the weeks
which followed, they were so full of
keenest torture and misery. There was
no savor in life the city sights and
sounds maddened him, the fajes of old
friends were hateful to him. He
dreamed only of the glory of one
woman's eyes.
He wrote occasionally to the Chesters,
letters whioh all the world might see.
They were life and light and food to
Gertrude. She read between the lines
Her days were not so full of misery and
pain as hiB. Her love was an exalted
sort of ecstacy, which sustained her in
his absence as well as in his presence.
"He is mine, here, there, in life or
in death," she reasoned. "It is a spir
itual union which does not depend upon
physical presence. Nothing can di
vide us now, or ever."
bhe believed in this fully, and was
happy, but she wrote nothing her hus
band could not see, and she felt sure
Bree e would understand all that she
left unsaid.
Two years had pas ed, when John
Chester went on a protracted land hunt
to 1 akota. Gertrude had mentioned
the fact in a recent letter. By return
mail came one from Breece, a few
brief, passionate lines, begging her to
allow him to see her. bhe, too, was
rilled with a wild longing to see him,
but she wrote him a oalm refusal.
"If is not right, or wise, or best," she
said. "Come when he returns, but not
during his absence."
Breece Berton s jealous hatred of the
man who called her wife, preventedhim
from accepting the conditional invita
tion.
He wrote less frequently after that,
but he sent her papers and books. She
always felt herself remembered, ven
when six months passed with no letter.
And so two more years passed away,
and then John Chester's robust frame
became the prey of pneumonia. At the
end of another j ear he died.
All that tender nursing and constant
care could do, Gertrude gave. She
slept only by snatches for months be
fore he died. She sat m torturing po-.
sit ions and held his head upon her
breast for hours, that , he might rest
easier. She lost flesh and color, and
dark circles came about her eyes.
let her spirit never faltered, some
strange power sustained her.
After he was dead and all was over,
she was ill for a time.
Two months after John died she
wrote her first letter to Breece. It was
but a few lines announcing his death,
and her own subsequent illness.
It brought a letter of conventional
sympathy in return. She had not ex
pected more, yet in her heart was anew
feeling, he could not curb her love,
now that it was not wrong, yet she
waited for him to be the first to suggest
a meeting.
Eight months went bv, and no line
from him. The silence grew unbear
able, bhe wrote again a formal
enough letter, and yet she felt that it
would breathe the tire of , her soul in
every line. . He replied after a month
or two, with a letter of some length,
but made no reference to any meeting.
"I fancy you will soon be besieged by
fortune hunters," he faid. "You have
my sympathy."
bhe smiled over that. Ah 1 that was
it! he feared to be accused of seeking
her fortune. That was why he kept
away from her. Well, she could go to
him.
bhe had sent no intimation to Breece
of her visit, but she dispatched
messenger with a note, telling' him of
her arrival in the city, and asking him
to call that atternoon. She found it
diihcnlt to await the return of her
messenger. She paced her room, say
ing over and over :
"Jt is like a dream a dream! But
O, he predicted it ; he foresaw it ! He
said God would vet give me to him."
And great tears broke over her cheeks.
The messenger brought back word
that Mr. Berton was just going to the
matinee w.th a lady ; that he read the
note, and begged the Messenger to sav
he would call in the evening; that he
was already late, or would write his re
ply.
Her heart fell. Could she wait until
evening? And how could he ask it of
her ? How could he bear the interval,
and she so near ?
Ah, but he was acting as escort for a
lady.
She called back the messenger. "Do
you know to what theater he was going ?
she asked.
"Why, with the crowd, to hear G er
st er, I supt-ose," the boy answered.
"Everybody goes there to-day."
Gertrude rang, and ordered a car
riage. She, too, would attend the mat
inee. She swept the house with eager
eyes. And not in vain. She saw him
with a fair young girl at his side. She
was very young, not more than 18, and
he was the soul of devotion.
It was a horrible afternoon to' Ger
trude ; one of slow torturing doubt and
fear. -
At last ne came. lie had grown
handsomer and grander during the six
years since they parted. His form
was more majestic, his hair darker, his
' face had more expression. He was
superb man a man to win hearts with
out making the least effort.'
Her heart heaved with a wild, suf
, focating passion as she looked at him
He came forward with easy dignity
and gave her his hand, and one swift
all-noting glance.
"I am very glal to see you again," he
said ; "but you are not looking quite
well ; 1 fear you are fatigued.
The disappointment in his dance
the formality in hia tone, cut her to th
nearc. one glanced at her reflection :n
the tall mirror opinsite. Ah ! she h.u
not thought of it before, but she had
grown old- O, ; very old, aince they
parted. The physical aspect of their
iove had never entered very largely
into her views. She had dwelt in a
state of spiritual exultation, and had
orgotten the years that were stret-hed
between them. -
In that old time neither of them con
sidered her six years of seniority. Now,
they Loth thought of it, for as she
ooked in the mirror, it was painfully
evident.
"Yes, I am fatigued," she said. "The
journey tired me, and then I attended
the mat .nee, and the air was close.
les, it was close. I did not see vou
here."
"I saw you," she answered, "and
your companion, bhe was a, lovely
girl." J
A Blow flush crept over his face.
Yes, she is a beautiful girl. A guest
of my mother's and a great favorite at
the house."
"And liable to hold a nearer place
yet," C ertrude suggested, her own
voice sounding strange in her ears.
There was a moment's silence, and then
he lifted his eyes and met hers
bravely. .
Yes, was all he said, boon after
ward he rose to go. They exchanged a
few commonplaces, and then he turned
and took her hands.
"We are ti be friends always, I
hope ':" he queried.
Certainly; whynot? she responded,
with a ghastly attempt at a smile.
W ell, 1 hope w much. , But it s
somet'mes hard,' after an experience
like ours, to establish a friendship. It
cannot be done unless the passion is
wholly outgrown. I knew it was on
your part, four years ago, when you re
fused my last appeal to see you. I
think your fee" ing was more pity nd
sympathy for a mad boy than any
thing else, but mine was a gen
uine frenzy. I had to fight it for years
Gertrude. During the last two years.
fancied I wa3 outgrowing it; and
during the last year 1 have dared dream
I was beginning to feel a calu er and
more healthful love in my heart. I
half dreaded to meet you, though,
lest the old fury should return. But
now I am glad I have met you, for I
know we will be royal friends hereafter
and that the past u wholly buried.
He paused.
"les, wholly buried, she replied,
"and we must a' ways be royal friends,
indeed, Breece."
"I will see you again, I hope 7"
ui o, not this time. I am on my way
east and only remained over here one
day to meet yon."
It was true but the plan had been
conceived during-ihe last five minutes.
She could not let him think she came
from Iowa wholly ar.d solely to meet
him, and risk this result.
"Then good-night and good bye," he
f aid. " Write me at your leisure, and
whtn you return, come pnd "visit ns.
1 think we shall be settled bv that
time."
She closed the door behind him, send
ing a blithe good-bye alter him down
the hall.
Then she turned the key and was
alon?, with her castle crumbled at her
feet, and the happiness of six years lying
dead beneath.
"Mv life is all in ruins all in ruins
God help me,"; she moaned. Then,
after a little, she said slowly : "It is not
bo much that he has cone but that it
has gone; the love which was so beau
tiful arid terrible so strong with life
and passion. And to think it could be
outgrown and le.we nothing, noth
ing." Then she arose from her crouch -
ng position before the open grate, and
retired. Next morning a strong smell
of gas pervaded the room, and Gertrude
was quite dea l.
"Only a Man."
Ben: Per ey Poore.
Aunt Sallie Davis, a well-educated
lady of the old school, who died in
September, lohl, aged 94 years, had
shaken hands with every president,
from V ashington to Hayes inclusive.
She was tall and commanding in ap
pearance, with a strong and pleasant
face, keen black eyes and affable man
ner. She was born in a house which
stood near where the congressional
cemetery was alter wards located, was
married in the same house, died within
sight of the place, and was buried in
the cemetery. Mrs. Davis saw "Wash
ton lay the corner-stone of the capitol
on Sept. 18, 1793. She was then a lit
tle girl, 6 years of age.
A few years afterward she paw the
father of his country at Kockville, Md.f
and wa3 fond, in after life, of telling
an incident of that occasion, bo great
was the enthusiasm that the people
took the horses from the carriage and
pulled it along the crowded thorough
tares. At a certain point the carriage
was stopped by the crowd opposite to
where she was standing. Directly in
front of her a mother proudly lifted up
her curly-haired boy toget a 'glimpse
of Gen. Washington. The little fellow
burst out in exclamation : " VN hy,
mother, he's only a man!" Washing
ton heard the remark, and laughingly
called the child to him, gave him a
coin, and said: "Yes, my son, only 'a
man; always remember that."
A Solemn Decree.
Chicago Herald.
From a French state paper, lately
brought to light, it appears that in 1770
the following parliamentary decree was
solemnly passed and dulyregistered
under King i ouis XV. : "Whosoever,
by means of red or white paint, per
fumes, essences, artificial teeth, false
hair, cotton wopl, 'iron corsets, hoops,
shoes with high heels, or false hips
shall seek to entice into the bands of
marriage any male subject of his
majesty, shall be prosecuted for witch
craft and declared incapable of matri
mony." Licorice.
A company in Connecticut manu
factures nearly all the licorice used in
this country 17,000,000 pounds a year.
Confectionery and medicine, take about
1,500,000 pounds, and the remainder
goes into tobacco. I
Thriving Industry.
One of the most thriving industries
of Germany is the manufacture of an
tique armor, which modern wealthy
families bny to exhibit as heirlooms.
MAKING CASTS IN PLASTER.
The Model The Danger-Coat Re
producing Marbles.
iChicago Tribune.
"Casting in plaster is apparently a
simple process, but in the art centers of I
t 5 ii e .1 I
jcurope lv is reauy a profession, ana one I
in which years of practice are required
in order to obtain proficiency." So said
Mr. Howard Kretchmer, the sculptor, in
answer to innumerable questions. "The
specimens of celebrated works of sculp
ture seen in America are good, bad, and
indifferent. Too often they are the
copies of copies that is to say, they are
not made in the molds taken directly
from the original. The infinitesimal
variations in the first copies differences
so slight as not to be detected by eye or
measurement are serious if continued.
"Did you ever notice that when a car-
E enter is sawing several lengths of board
e always uses the same piece for a
measure? The reason is, that, whatever
difference or error may occur in any
single measurement cannot be continued
or increased if the original measure is
adhered to.
"But you wish to know how plaster
casts are made; well, then I must first
impress you with the fact that sculpture
consists of three distinct processes. First,
the clay or vax model; second, the plas
ter copy; and, third, the finished work
in marble, bronze, or whatever material
is desired. Now, a tinted preparation
of plaster of Paris mixed with water, of
the consistency of rich cream, is thrown
in a thin layer upon the soft, moist clay
model. This is called the danger-coat,
and is followed by a thicker coating of
coarse plaster, sometimes supplemented
by iron rods or sticks imbedded in it to
give proper strength to the mold. In a
few moments the piaster by a chemical ar
rangement sets and becomes a hard, rigid
covering, the inner surface which is
in close, perfect contact with the sur
face of the model, following the very
minutest detail of form and texture.
This covering or mold is divided or sep
arated into such portions as the charac
ter of the form may render necessary by
pieces of tin or brass set edgewise, like
a division wall m the clay, before the
plaster is applied.
"When the plaster is hardened suffi
ciently the several pieces -are separated
from each other and from the clay with
but little difficulty. Of course the clay
model is partially and sometimes wholly
destroyed in the process of removal.
Any adhering clay is removed; the sur
face is carefully washed, and after the
application of oil, soap-suds, or a solu
tion of soda, to prevent adhesion of
the piaster with which the inner surface
of the mold is afterwards covered the
pieces are adjusted and firmly bound to
gether. "We have now a plaster form akin to
a jelly or ice-cream mold into which a
preparation of plaster is thrown and
worked, covering the inner surface to.
the necessary thickness, . and allowed to
harden. The coarse plaster and bind
ing irons of the mold are now broken off
by means of a dull, blunt chisel and
mallet, leaving the plaster cast covered
by a thin coat of tinted plaster. This
danger coat is then carefully removed
by the same means, the previous appli
cation ot oil and soda admitting ot easy
separation, while the difference in tint
between the cast and the danger-coat
serves as a valuable guide in the delicate
operation. .
"I have already explained to you the
way in which a copy of a clay model is
made by means of what is called a waste
mold. Both model and mold are de
stroyed or wasted in the operation. The
method employed to reproduce the cast,
or a marble, bronze, or any other rigid
form, without injury to the original is
very different and requires great skilL
Indeed, very few of the for-
matones as men who follow this
industry are called in Italy-
and only those of exceptional ability,
are permitted to make copies of the val
uable works contained in the public and
private galleries of Europe. The reason
fortius the danger attendant on the
work I will explain to you presently.
"Reproductions are made by what is
called a piece mold, which is so arranged
that the various pieces can be readily re
moved and readjusted.
"Thus, in molding a sphere, or say an
egg, by precision in the dividing line,
the mold might be made of only two
pieces, as both would draw from the ob
ject, without difficulty. A pear of irreg
ular shape might require three or four
pieces. And when you consider the in
tricacies of forms in a figure or group
you will not be surprised when I tell you
that several hundred or even a thousand
pieces are sometimes necessary. These
pieces are held together or keyed by a
plaster cover of two or more -parts,
called a cask, which serves the same pur
pose as the hoops around the staves of a
tub or barrel, or a printer's chase for
type.
"When the mold is completed the cask
is first removed, the parts being laid
near the work, and into them the vari
ous pieces of the mold are adjusted as
they are removed from the figure. The
parts of the cask are then fastened to
gether, and we have a plaster form simi
lar to a waste mold; the cask taking the
place of the heavy coating, the pieces of
the mold representing the danger coat.
When a plaster cast has been made in
this the mold may be removed, as I have
just related, and is ready for another
copy. When many copies are to be made
from it it i3 dried, oiled, etc., details
unnecessary to describe. Gelatine
molds are now frequently used, the gela
tine being held in position, like the piece
mold, by a cask.
"A great danger in making plaster
molds on marble lies in the fact that
plaster expands slightly in setting.
WhUe this quality adds to the perfec
tion of the impression, it may, unless
great discretion is used, crack or break
forms in high relief, such as ornaments
or even limbs or delicate masses of
drapery." . 1
When They Will Realize.
TheBofcton Globe thinks that when
the 112 young fellows who have gradu
ated from I Princeton as "journalists"
have worked twenty-three hours out of
twenty -four, for a few weeks, they will
begin to realize what Longfellow meant
when he wrote: L.ue is real, life is
earnest." i
Dr. Talmage: Genius is worse than
stupidity if it moves in the wrong direc
tion.
The Ancient and modern Needle
tHardware.
The needle is one of the most ancient
instruments of which we have any rec-
rd. The modern needle is a Dointed
Instrument having an eye, and is used for
. . . . ....
carrying a thread through some kind of
. .1 i. :i ti : u VI
uiuer material. xi is pruuauie,
however, that the needles of those people
who lived in ; very ancient times had no
eyes as instruments i or bone, which
were most likely used for this purpose,
were found in caves that were inhabited
by the ancient people! of France; and
the needles of ancient Egypt, wmch are
pescribed as being bronze, do not ap
Sear to have been made with eyes.
dome writers are of the opinion that in
place of the eye a circular depression
was made in or near the blunt end, in
which the thread was; buried. . Pliny
describes the needles ! of bronze which
were used by the Greeks and Homans.
These instruments have been found in
the ruins of Herculaneum.
The first account that history gives of
the manufacture of needles is that they
were made at Nuremburg in 1760, and
while the date of their first manufacture
in England is in doubt, it is said to have
commenced in that country about 1543
or 1545,- and it is asserted that the art
was practiced by a Spanish negro or na
tive of India, who died without disclos
ing the secret of his process. During the
reign of Queen Elizabeth this industry
was revived and has continued ever
since. Christopher Greening and a Mr.
Damer established needle factories at
Long Credon, Redditch, near in England,
1850, and these were soon followed by
other London needle makers.
Redditch is still the center of needle
manufacture. The eyes of the earliest
needles were square. Many unsuccess
ful attempts were made to bring out the
so-called "drill-eyed" before they were
finally introduced in 1826. Two years
later the burnishing machine, in which
the eyes of the needle were polished was
completed. In this machine the needles
are strung on a steel wire, which is
caused to revolve rapidly and thereby
impart a beautiful finish to the eye.
The process of hardening needles was
for many years accomplished by casting
them, while red-hot, into cold water.
By this means a large proportion be
came crooked, and the services of a large
number of workmen were required to
straighten them. In 1840 the substitu
tion of oil for water took place. " and as
this caused a large number of the work
men to be thrown out of employment, a
riot took place at Redditch, and the in
troducer of the oil process was driven out
of town. The machinery for making
needles has now been brought to such a
state of perfection, that from the coil of
steel wire to the finished needle, the
machines used perform their ngorous
operations in a manner that may 1 said
to be almost automatic. ?
. A Battle of the Rlrds.
Long Branch Cor. New York Sun.
In front of Maggie Mitchell's cottage.
in Park avenue, near Elberon, a robin,
plump and large, was enjoying a soli
tary feast recently in the middle - or the
road, when a pugnacious - sparrow
alighted alongside of him. The sparrow
chattered and flapped his wings as if to
invite the robin to leave. The robin
evincing no disposition to retire, the
sparrow forthwith proceeded to perch
upon the robin s spinal column. Ihe
contest was brief and bloodless. The
robin came to the conclusion that that
was no place for him.
Hardly had the victorous sparrow
turned to taste the sweets of his triumph
when there was a sharp wmrr, and a
thrush darted through the air, swooped
down upon the sparrow like an avenging
angel, and the feathers began to fly.
The sparrow chattered as if calling for
assistance, but kept on fighting like a
Turk. The thrush make no noise. For
a minute the fight was maintained with
great obstinacy and with doubtful re
sults. The sparrow, in point of size.
was overmatched, but in agility he was
the superior.
The birds rolled m the dust, picking
and clawing at each other. The spar
row at last gave indications of weariness,
but when two others of his species clat
tered up, like reserve fire engines after a
third alarm , his courage revived.
But now the thrush resorted to
strategy. He darted away, thus sepa
rating his antagonists. He then spread
his wings, and, like a flash of lightning,
dashed into the nearest sparrow, stretch-
iDg him out in the dust. The other as
sistant sparrow displayed no longer any
enthusiasm to continue the contest.
The sparrow that first got into the fight.
seeing one of his comrades prostrate and
himself deserted, flew up into a tree and
gave vent to his feelings in chatterings.
The thrush, finding himself the sole
survivor of the fight, helped himself to
the repast discovered by poor robin, and
looked unconcernedly at his stunned and
prostrate foe, gathered himself together
and flew away. While the thrush was
in the road not a sparrow interfered
with him, although there were ten or
twenty of them in the vicinity, watch
ing his movements.
What a Qneen lias Written.
Exchange.
Queen Elizabeth, of Roumania, is one
of the most literary ladies of European
courts. She has written much about
women, and some of her thoughts are
worthy of transcription:
"if a woman is bad, ' writes the queen.
"man is generally the cause thereof."
"Do not trust a man who does not be
lieve in thy happiness in thy home."
"Among the savages the wife is an ani
mal of burden, among the Turks a
luxury, among the Europeans she is
"The woman of the world is seldom
the wife of her husband."
"An unhappy wife is like a flower ex
posed to the blast; she remains a bud
for a long time, and when . she develops
to a Diossom she auicklv withers and
fades."
"The virtue of a wife must often be
very great, for not unfrequcntly she
must have sufficient for both herself and
her husband."
"If one forgives one loves no longer,
for true love knows nothing of forgive
ness." :
'The jealousy of those who love us is
the grandest flattery."
Man and wife should never cease to
do a little courting, no matter how old
they may be."