QUALITIES OF
THE AYRSHIRE.
C. M. Winslow. secretary of the
Ayrshire association, says: "While an
Ayrshire cow should be shapely and
handsome to look at as she stands
or walks, she shoo Id when bandied
reveal much looseness of vertebra,
flatness of rib and width between the
ribs. Indicating large dairy capacity.
The Ayrshire Is a tough, hardy cow.
with a vigorous appetite, and not too
particular what she eats. She is al
ways hungry, eats greedily and chews
her cud rapidly. Yon can rarely see
an Ayrshire cow when not taking in
food or chewing what she has already
gathered. While at pasture she does
not wander around looking for sweet
patches of grass, but goes to work
rapidly gathering what Is most con
venient either of grass or browse,
end when full lies down to chew her
cud, with no time wasted, and when
going to and from pasture will chew
her cud while walking and often con
tinue to chew when started into a run
"The general appearance of an Ayr
shire as you look at her Is striking
6he Is alert and full of life and re
served energy. She is a healthy cow,
rarely having ailments of body or ud
der, and you seldom see an Ayrshire
cow that does not have four healthy
quarters in her udder, yielding a uni
form quantity of milk from - each.
She Is a very persistent milker, giving
t uniform quantity well up toward
calving, and many of them are dried
eft with difficulty.
"She is very Intelligent, quick to
learn and of a retentive memory,
easily taught to take the same place
in the stable and. If required to
change, will In a few days readily
take the new place. She is quiet and
plensnnt to milk, not easily disturbed
and will, as a rule, yield her milk as
readily to one milker as another and
does not seem disturbed by any
amount of noise In the stable.
"As a dairy cow she is particularly
adapted to the production of milk for
the milkman and for table use, as her
medium size, vigorous appetite and
easy keeping qualities make her an
economical producer, while her even.
A FINS IMPORTED AYRSHIRE.
uniform production makes her a re
liable supply, and the richness of her
milk In total solids places It above
suspicion from city milk Inspectors.
Her milk Is particularly adapted to
transportation, as it does not churn
or sour easily, and when poured back
and forth a few times will readily mix
the cream back into the milk, which
will not again readily separate, giving
Jt a uniform quality until the last is
sold or used. It has a good body, is
rich looking and never looks blue.
The milk itself, being evenly balanced
with casein and butter fat is a com
plete food, easily digested, nutritious
and is particularly adapted to chil
dren and invalids. Stomachs that are
weak and unable to digest other milk
And no trouble with Aryshire cows'
milk-"
Keep Stock Separate. 4
There used to be a theory that every
thing could run together in the barn
yardthe colts, the calves, the cows.
pigs and chickens should all have ac
cess to the same yard. After the farm
ers began to keep better stock they
saw the advisability of giving each
class a yard for itself. It is hardly
right to keep the cows and the calves
In the same lot for evident reasons.
The colts and the cows will not har
monize because the exuberance of the
former tends to irritate the latter and
lessens the milk flow. -The chickens
' and the pigs should not be kept to
gether because there Is a chance that
the hogs may get to eating hens.
Every farmer has had experience with
all of these things. The only peace
able plan Is to have a yard for each
kind of stock. If you want to run the
pigs In the barnyard, do so for a time
each day. but not when the calves and
hens are there. It Is Just as advisable
to keep stock upon the farm separate
as It is to use separate fields for the
crops.
Clover For Winter Feeding.
The question Is asked if clover can
bo ensiled for feed next winter instead
of corn silage. Clover may be ensiled
and will make a good feed if it Is cor
rectly handled, but it requires more
' care in the handling than does corn. It
should be cut when in full bloom. If
allowed to get old and woody It is apt
to overheat and mold or fire fang and
have little feeding value. If ensiled
With too much moisture on, as after a
'shower or heavy dew, it is apt to be
come more acid than is desirable. The
material must be well distributed in
the pit and should be thoroughly
tramped and covered to exclude, the
air. Clover silage Is apt to -slime if
not well packed when put into the silo.
Jj. W. Lighty.
Variety Is 8pice For Stock.
Animals relish a variety of feed and
will give better results when they have
K. A feed of corn stover now and
then and a barrel of salt lying In the
yard, with four or five staves cat oat
between the hoops so that they can ei
jrya help themselves, is a. good .thing.
-77 " THE BERKSHIBES. .
A Farmer Tall Why He Prefers TImm
to Other Breads.
Writing of Berkshire in Rural New
Vnrtor P n Snnlrea sara: After try-
I tag nearly all of the various breeds I
- am thoroughly convinced from a busi
' ness standpoint, in dollars and cents.
fhnt the Berkshire are the most
profitable animals I ever tried. There
are Just four reasons why I should
choose the Berkshlres for the business
A BUBKSHXliK BO AH.
farmer's business hog. And when I
say the business hog I don't mean a
hog for show, as I don't believe in
show animals for the average business
farmer. If by chance he should pro
duce a show animal my advice would
be to sell It for a show animal to a
show animal man and Invest It In an
animal for profit
First activity, combined with strong
digestive and assimilating powers, re
turning a maximum quantity of flesh
for food consumed.
Second, their pigs are strong, active
and vigorous at birth.
Third, their flesh Is of the highest
quality of pork, and their loins are
much sought by. butchers as being of
finer quality than any other breed.
Fourth, they can be fattened at an
early age on less feed than any other
known breed.
The brood sow should be long and
deep bodied, with ribs well sprung.
Jowls full and heavy, running well
back on neck; shoulders smooth and
even on top and In line with side;
ham deep and thick; legs and feet
short straight and strong, set wide
apart with hoofs nearly erect and,
above all alse. she should have at least
twelve well developed teats.
Treat her kindly and give her plenty
of nourishing food, but not fattening,
during farrowing season, and she will
present you with a fine sample of her
progeny, and at killing time you will
never be sorry you selected the Berk
shire for profit
Pasturing Sheep on Alfalfa.
Every now and then the statement
is made that sheep may be success
fully pastured on alfalfa. In some
Instances they can. In other Instances
they cannot Under some conditions
they can. Under more conditions they
cannot In a very dry atmosphere
sheep may be safely grazed on alfalfa
when accustomed to it If fed dry
food early in the day, such as grain,
they may safely graze on it
But the fact remains that there Is
usually some danger that sheep will
be lost through bloating more or less
while being thus grazed. Moreover,
the further fact remains that the sheep
graze so closely that under many con
ditions they injure the alfalfa plant
and shorten Its period of growth.
When the alfalfa grows with grass
crops, the element of danger from
bloat Is practically eliminated. Pro
fessor Thomas Shaw.
THE DAIRYMAN.
I used to have a lot of trouble feed
ing calves their milk, says a dalrymru.
So will anybody who sets a pall oer
the fence and lets the calves do with
It as they have a mind to. But finally
1 woke up to the idea that stanchions
are just as good to feed calves in as
they are for cows. I picked up a few
pieces of boards such as are to be had
on almost any farm and fixed up a
nice little pair of stanchions, with
mangers to feed hay in besides. That
ended my troubles in that line.
A Big Influence.
The bull Is one half of the herd. The
cows are the 'other half. The bull ex
erts his Influence, his breeding,' over
every cow In the herd, whether 'it be
for good or bad. If his breeding or
pedigree Is of the wrong sort that is.
for example, of a poor dairy sort his
influence is for bad, and the young
stock will not be of the kind that de
velop Into useful animals. This Influ
ence is not on one cow, but on all the
herd. With cows it is different If In
the herd there be a poor cow her ef
fects are felt only on her calves, while
the calves of her sisters in the herd
will be good or poor,accordlng to the
individual cow. The good bull will
make his good qualities felt in all the
cows.
Protect the Cream.
A great deal of cream leaves the
farm in fine condition for the cream
I ery, but In being exposed to the sun on
i the road to the creamery or receiving
station the development of souring
germs rapidly begins. In delivering a
can of cream throw a wet blanket over
i the can and a dry cover. over the wet
Dlanket The dry blanket prevents the
evaporation of water from the wet
blanket and will enable the farmer to
deliver cream only a few degrees
warmer than when it left the farm.
Testing the .Milk Giver.
The farmer can learn to operate a
nand tester In a half hour. His results
will not be accurate to a fraction, but
close enough for all practical purposes.
There is no way to determine ifie
actual value of a cow except the milk
be weighed and tested. It is worth
I many dollars a year to know what
each cow Is doing and Is wjrth while
, to boy a tester and And out The more
a fanner knows about his dairy the
better be will be pleased with the
creamery treatment .
ROLLER ARMED WITH SPIKES.
Machine That Rips Up Red For Re
pair Work.
A big machine has been at work or
the roadway at the north end of Lin
coin park. In Chicago. It Is a monstel
steam roller, with a double row ol
spike In one of the wheels, and the
function of the contrivance Is to loosen
up the old material In the roadway,
preparatory to covering It - With a
fresh coating of crushed stone. As th
wide tired wheel rolls on the roadway
the spikes sink in the old stone, ma
teria! that has hardened from many
years' wear. This serves to loosen the
material, so that when the fresh sup-
' '
HEW EOAl MACHINE.
ply of crushed stone to applied it may
be forced down Into the old bed by
running an ordinary steam roller evei
It The spikes are removable, so that
the wheel may be used also for a pack
ing stint
Scores of persons gather around the
big 'sharp toothed crusher and ask all
kinds of questions. When the puncbei
has been rolled along the road until the
rows of holes reach the width of the
driveway It presents, the appearance
of a sheet of perforated postage
stamps, and the whole operation has
to be explained for the benefit of the
onlookers. - , . -
GOOD ROAD CONGRESS.
Purpose and Features of the Interna
tional Gathering at Paris.
Colonel Charles S. Bromwell, Clif
ford Richardson and William Page
have 1 been appointed by President
Roosevelt to represent the United
States at the International road con
gress to be held In Paris during Octo
ber, 1908.
Napoleon was a great advocate of
road building, and since his time
France has spent between $500,000,
000 and $000,000,000 on her highways.
The' advent of the automobile has
proved a serious menace to the sur
face of the roads, and the purpose of
this congress Is to hear opinions of
experts on the subject and to con
dense them Into a practical idea of the
treatment and care of the surface of .,
a road. ; -
This congress, to which the govern
ments of the various nations have
been oflicially Invited to appoint rep
resentatives, will be opened Oct 11
and will be in session seven days.
It is proposed during the life of the
congress to give several' festivals In
Paris and also excursions, one par
ticularly .to Nice, to enable the mem
bers to visit especially fitted up roads
or roads in course of preparation.
The United States government has
made several tests at Washington late
ly, principally by taking photographs
of the clouds of dust raised by each
automobile, going at different rates
of speed at from five to- sixty miles
an hour. These dust clouds were
weighed in order to determine how
much of the surface of the road was
taken off by a motor going at an ex
cessive rate of speed.. This point and
a number of others which have been
ascertained by the government of the
United States undoubtedly will be
brought to the attention of the con
gress by one of the American repre
sentatives, and it is more than likely
that Colonel Bromwell will read a pa
per. SPLIT LOG DRAG EFFECTIVE.
Heavy Rains Give Implement Fine
Chance to Prove Itself.
The heavy fall of rain that the Red
river valley and northern Minnesota
experienced recently proves beyond
doubt the extreme efficacy of the split
log drag as a good roadmaker. The
streets of Thief River Falls and many
of the rural highways leading into the
city have been consistently worked by
these drags for two years. The re
sults were most apparent and strik
ing the other week, just following the
heavy rains.
In spite of the amount of traffic
that the streets of Thief River Falls
carry daily, they are In excellent con
dition, nicely graded and as hard as a
paved street The country roads that
have been dragged for two years are
as passable as during the driest sea
son in summer, while the roads that
have not been worked by the drags
are almost Impassable. -
. Novel Highway Proposed.
A novel proposition has been made
for the beautlfication of the highway
between Thermal and Coachelia. in
CaIifonia a distance of three miles.
The waste waters from the Coachelia
Ice plant are diverted along this high
way and extend almost to Thermal be
fore they are absorbed by the soil.
says the Los Angeles Times. The
proposition is now made that fig trees
be set along the highway, on the water
ditch, where they would be kept grow
ing by the waste water,. Within a
year these trees come tato bearing, and
the three mile highway, lined with
bearing fig trees, wonldnot only be a
most attractive drive, put might be
made to yield a profit for road Im
provement (
THE SIMPLE LIFE
The simple life I love to atna
Because It's musical
With bleating lambe and moolag eewa
- And barnyard Jing-a-ling.
We wear a bright red sunbonnet
And loosely fitting prints:
We never dress for minuets
Nor put on beauty tints.
We have our cow and chickens, too,
A hog. a mule, a churn;
. We never could return to you -In
city heat to bum.
We've done for aye with city strife.
Give vb our hogs and chickens.
We're badly stuck on simple life;
For fun it beats the dickens.
. C. M. B.
THE WYANDOTTES.
This breed was at first commonly !
palled "American Sebrights." which
was changed to "Wyandotte" after the
Indians of that name. Historians have '
failed to trace the time and circum- I
stances of its origin, but all claim it to !
be an American bird with Dark Brah
ma and Hamburg blood in its veins.
Today the man who originates a breed
erects a marble statue to himself if
no one else will. The varieties are Sil
ver. Golden. Silver Penciled. Partridge.
Columbian. Black, Buff and White.
STANDARD WEIGHTS.
Cock 8 lbs. Hen 64 lbs.
Cockerel ....7 lbs. Pullet 6V4 lbs.
The White Dotte is the most popular
and Is a Mrd of beautiful curves. The
original of this picture is a feathere?
aristocrat, 'low kingly! What vigo: .
IDEAL HEAD FOB BREEDERS,
rwhlte Wyandotte from life.
What a proud pedigreed prince! Then
think of the big brown eggs from his
harem and the fluffy, bright eyed
chicks, instructed, in wormology and
scratching stunts by his snow white
cackling queens! Then smack your lips
as you smell the savory odor of a bast
ed Wyandotte! Round, yellow, velvety,
smooth as silk, it is the unsurpass
ed epicurean bird. In dining on Dottes
hold yourself in check at least till tin;
blessing is asked. In breeding avoid
.single combs, or hybrids, by using
broad combed males.
For brassiness and cream in White
Wyandottes use no-corn cream cure.
FEATHERS AND EGGSHELLS.
Cleanliness is the keyhole to success
in the poultry business, but some
chicken raisers, like the man late home
from lodge, can't find it.
"Money makes the mare go," but it
doesn't always make the hen lay. The
millionaires going into the business
don't always strike Standard oil.
If you . knew It all, you would be
drinking government cream on an ex
periment station, while your typewriter
would be working overtime on chicken
reports from the cyclopedia.
Continual feeding of one kind of
grain often brings indigestion, loss of
appetite and bowel troubles. If this is
your feeding method and you are mak
ing -a profit you deserve a monument
The farmers are buying bone cutters,
and the butchers have such a rush for
bones that they are always engaged.
Once more the American hen registers
by knocking out Mr. Rags Bones and
Gum Boots
Have you reached the broiler stage?
Don't Jump from the frying pan Into
the broiler. Raising cockerels in aero
weather to sell at Alaska prices Isn't
what it's cocked up to be. - Beware of
a broiler explosion!
Now that the hatching season Is here
get out your sighs of the zodiac so you
get your hen set In the right sign. Bet
ter look for signs of lice and set your
hens right and give them better atten
tion. You'll get more chicks.
It has often been asked why the New
York poultrymen keep mostly White
Leghorns. Simply because the New
York epicures demand large white
eggs. Bostonlans possess a predilec
tion for brown eggs. Why? Oh,
Browning, of course!
As the chicks dry off under the hen re
move them In a soft lined basket to a
chair beside the kitchen stove. Have a
soft woolen cloth hanging down in the
basket to warm their backs, but ar
range so they cannot get on top of the
cloth, as they may smother each other.
By this plan the old hen cannot tram
ple them in the nest
When spring is In full bloom you may
expect to hear that the American hen
has invaded Panama. We are told
that the chickens on the isthmus are a
sorry set When a newly wedded cou
ple, bound for the big ditch, found
eggs were 10 cents apiece they sim
ply sent an order north for an inctt
bator and 100 Rock eggs. Good luck!
The number of poultry books adver
tised Is a .sign of the Interest manifest
in the business. You can get a full
fledged library for $2.50. They will
help you, but don't forget what experi
ence , teaches you. It doesn't deal In
theory.
mSMi
NOTES
Et
C.M.BAENITZ
ravERsros
PA.
o
ICOCHESPOKIVXNrX
SOLICITED
Copyright 190S. by C. M. Barnlts. These
articles and illustrations must not be re
printed without special permission. .
THE ROGUES' GALLERY.
Strange that the $250,000 Hall of
Fame at New York university thus
far contains only thirty-seven famous
names and down on Mulberry street
at the rogues' gallery there are 18,000
pictures of famous people. It gives
one a cold chill to look Into the eyes
of all those cutthroats and thieves, but
you feel crawly all over when you
get Into the poultryman's rogues' gal
lery. The skunks, foxes, weasels,
minks, rats,' hawks, owls, mites, pigeon
ticks and sand jiggers occupy mur
derers' row.
Louse crooks, alias mallopha, are
everywhere. One declares there are
fifty varieties, another counts a thou
Band, while the man who escapes
from a crawling coop swears In all
languages that there are 20.000.000.
Scientists class lice In four genera
Upeurus, gonlodes, gonicotes and meno
pen. When these marry and Inter
marry, from the lipeuruses down the
line to the menopens, there s some
thing doing for the stork, for in twelve
weeks a single' louse can become grea
grandpapa to 125.000 lousy little folks.
Thns ten of these multiplex multipliers
hatch out 1,250,000 creepers in three
months all crooks for chicken cash.
Thev vary in -.size from one-thou
sandth to one-sixth of an inch, and
few suck blood. Some live on scales.
crusts, dead cells, quills and feathers;
others bite and gnaw, and all crawl.
ft Upeurus variabilis. 2. Goniodea eyns
fordli. 3. Goniodea dlssimtlis. 4. Goni
cotes hologaster. 6. Gonicotes gigas. 8.
Menopen pallidum.
The four genera are represented In the
cut
No. 1, Llpeurus variabilis, you find
In wings, primary and secondary feath
ers of chicks.
No. 2, Goniodes eynsfordil. Is the
head and neck louse.
Nos. 3, 4, 5 and 6 are tramp lice, hen
hoboes.
No. 6, Menopen pallidum, the pale
louse, is most common. The simple
mention of a louse running around
your neck, down your spine and up
again across your bald head makes
you scratch.
TO DESTROY LICE.
Clean up. If house is tight burn two
pounds sulphur to every hundred
square feet of floor space or spray
house and fixtures thoroughly with
mixture of six ounces crude carbolic
acid to gallon hot water. Allow
fumes to escape before fowls return.
Dust hens with Persian Insect pow
der three times in three weeks or dip
them Into a solution of a teacup full
of chloronapbtholeum to four gallons
of water. Pure lard In moderation for
head lice on chicks and clucks.
Sulphur ointment; tablespoonful sul
phur to two ounces lard. . Apply on
head, under wings, around vent of
fowls-. Jiot with chicks, and not in wet
weather. Louse paint two pounds
napthalene flakes dissolved in two gal
lons kerosene.
Louse powder, five pounds tobacco
dust one pound air slaked lime, one
pound naphthalene flakes. Mix and
apply for lice on poultry, plants, cat
tle, for sheep ticks, ants, moths, etc.
These are sure good stuff, but don't
forget the dost bath, and remember
that as men have more f suite than fair
women so crowera- bare not crawl -
era than cacklers. . . . .,
' - ------
OILIll ROAD
BUILDING
How Petroleum Is Used on Top
of a Macadam Bed.
FINE SURFACE OBTAINED.
Better Than Asphalt, Does. Not Crack
and Lump Rolling Must Not Be
Done In Wet Weather or When
Ground Is Soft.
The old system of "oiling roads and
streets" is clearly a flat failure except
for a moderate improvement of some
of the worst thoroughfares. The new;
svstem of "making roads with oil" 19
proving a success whenever proper
methods are pursued.
The oil and natural soil no longer
go where real results are wuuicu.
The use of the heavy ten to eleven
gravity petroleum has become quite
general. Its superiority has been well
demonstrated, but there is a wide dif
ference between different oils of this
gravity and with the same amount of
asphaltum. Some of that sold is well
nigh useless, although It is unques
tionably of the specified gravity ana
contains the required percentage of as
phalt The oil must possess the ad
hesive quality and be able to bind tne
rock and asphaltum together In other
words, the necessary petrol Ine.
The best roads are undoubtedly the
macadamized highways found In older
sections. The building of such thor
oughfares with the use 'of" o on .the
surface to form a top dressing and
ROAD BEADY FOB OIIilNO.
present a surface like asphalt pave
ment is Just in its infancy in southern
California, says, the Los Angeles
Times. In Pasadena there are a num
ber of streets of this kind, notably
Madison avenue, prepared at a cost of
12 cents per square foot and with a
depth of seven inches of foundation.
Blocks of this street are scarcely dis
tinguishable from asphalt paving.
There are others similar, but some are
not equal to this. At the same time
they are superior to those prepared in
the old way.
The new method of macadamizing:
and oiling as laid down In . a set of
specifications used for a number of
streets may be outlined substantially
as follows: For the foundation grading:
is done by the removal of all earth,
stone, loose rock, cement, shale, hard
pan, etc.? to a depth of seven inches
below the intended finished surface
and to a farther depth of two feet be
low the subgrade whenever mud, sand
or other soil material is encountered,
the space to be refilled with good
earth or gravel. The whole is rolled
with a roller of not less than twelve
tons In weight until the surface is un
yielding, all depressions made by the
roller being filled up and rolled again.
All portions that cannot be reached by
the roller must be tamped solid, and
the rolling must not be done in wet
weather or when the ground is sort
and muddy. This subgrade must be
checked by the street superintendent
before proceeding with work.
On this grade a bottom course of
macadam is laid consisting of stone
not exceeding three inches in diameter
and not less than one and a half inch
es. This layer will be five inches in
thickness and Is rolled with a twelve
ton steam roller until the stone cease
to sink under the roller or to creep In
front of it. -
A top course of stone between three
fourths of an inch and an Inch and a
half In diameter will cover this to a
depth of two inches and will be rolled
as before after a first coating of oil
(one-half a gallon to the square yard)
Is applied evenly so as to saturate the
entire top layer. Then all voids are
filled In with rock screenings of the
same material as the macadam not ex
ceeding three-quarters of an inch in
diameter, with a top dressing of the
same materia! laid to the depth of half
an inch, after which there is given a
second coating of oil to the same
amount as before and the whole ro'led
and tamped until no evidence of the oil
remains on the surface except as
shown in the color of the screenings.
Sharp sand is to be sprinkled wherever
any oil remains to absorb it. These
specifications provide that oil shall be
of 10 to 11 gravity, with 80 per cent
asphaltum at 80 penetration and with
nnr more than 2 ner cent water.
The Pacific Electric and Los Angeles
Interurban railways are using this
method on their rights of way in Pasa
dena, Long Beach and one or two
other points. It is said to be better
than the use of asphalt as it gives
with the pressure of the rails under
weight of cars and can be taken up
and replaced without diflSculty. It does
not crack and lump, as does the as
phalt It Is hard to tell it from the
latter, sometimes Impossible, for the
average person. In Long Beach the
result has been very good.
, - New Road Machine. "
C. A. Baldwin of Pasadena, Cat, 1
experimenting with a new machine.
. built on the principle or a cuss; piow,
' tot the purpose fit keeping oiled road
I to eoodltks. . . '...; -
I