" OLD PARIS STREETS.
Odors and Filth of tha Thoroughfare
of Long Ago.
The automobile which glides
noiselessly and smoothly along the
well paved streets of Paris would
not have had so easy a time some
centuries ago. Nowadays one of the
first demands civilization makes
upon a community is that the pav
ing and the sewerage shall be good.
It is hardly possible for the twen
tieth century mind to conceive the
conditions of old time streets and
of the inconveniences and dangers
the public endured. Some idea of
ancient Parisian thoroughfares is
given in Tighe Hopkins' "An Idler
In Old France."
Lutetia, the name by which Paris
was first .known, is said to have
come from a word meaning "mud."
This derivation is inexact, but its
appropriateness was practically
borne out in the condition of the
streets. Unpaved, rough as wood
bind tracks, flooded with waste wa
ters from the houses, the roadways
were populated by pigs, dogs, geese,
ducks and rabbits. In 1131
' Philippe, son of Louis le Gros and
heir to the throne, was killed while
riding in the city streets by being
thrown from his horse by an ab
bot's pig.
Snows and rains made the roads
almost impassable, and the odor
from them ro far above the
housetops. It was said that on the
darkest night a traveler, out of his
course, might know by the stench
how near "he was to Paris. The
mud of the streets gained an eariy
celebrity. "It sticks like Paris
mud" was a proverb of an.tiquity.
If clothes were stained with it one
was advised to "cut the piece out,
for it burns whatever it touches."
In 1185 the king, standing by an
open window of the palace, viewing
a cart which had stuck in the mud,
was so sickened by the stench that
he gave orders to have the streets
paved. This movement inaugu
rated the street department of Par
is, but the effort was a feeble one.
The work was begun, but at the
people's expense. The king offered
only a slender contribution. Taxes
were levied on duelists, on candles,
boots, cake and other things. But
the enterprise was soon abandoned.
It was not until 138 that any
systematic care was taken of the
Streets and pigs denied the public
ways. Even then the cleaning was
confined to the highways. The
smaller streets were still filled with
heaps and hillocks of rotting ref
use. The germ wise minds of today
may well wonder that any good or
any continuance of life came out
of such conditions.
Not pair.
"Look here, Abraham." said the
judge, "it's been proved right here
in court that instead of doing
something to help support your
wife and children you spend your
whole time hunting possum !"
The old negro hung his headV
"Now, Abe, you love your wife,
don't you ?"
"Ah suttinly does!"
"And your children?"
"Yas, suh."
"And you love them both bet
ter" "Better ev'ry day, jedge," Abe
broke in.
"Better than a thousand pos
sum?" "Look hyah, jedge," exclaimed
Abe, with widening eyes, "dat's
takin' a coon' at a pow'ful disadvan
tage." Bohemian Magazine.
Alas, Poor Kids.
"This book," remarked the house
to house merchant as he dexterous
ly inserted one foot in the door
way and smiled pleasantly, "is well
jjamed 'The Mother's Guide.' With
its aid you can bring up your chil
dren properly."
His victim thoughtfully exam
ined the binding and felt tha
weight of the book. Then she
gripped it by the edge with her
right hand and brought it down,
whack, on the other.
To the astonished salesman she
appeared to be trying to see how
convenient it was to handle. But
ior what purpose?
"I don't think I'll take one," she
remarked at last. "I'm sure it's no
better than the ordinary slipper !"
London Answers.
Tha Source of Supply.
The sling, or "shanghai," as it is
sometimes called by boys, who use
it to shoot at birds and any other
target that takes their youthful
fancy, is an illegal weapon in Mel
bourne, where the police confiscate
every one they see.
One day Bobby, aged five, meet
ing another "bobby" in blue uni
form and brass buttons, asked
eagerly, "Is it true that you take
6hanghais from little boys?"
"Indeed I do," answered "bob
by senior.
"Then will ' you please give me
one ? asked Bobby junior inno
cently. Youth's Companion.
NOW THE
BABY CALVES.
By T. A. EORMAN, Kansas. ,
It -beats the world how small farm
ers, men who would engage hi the
most economical use of their land and
who should be saving every vestige of
fodder and grain, will hang on to the
old notion that the supreme service of
a good cow is to rear a calf or two for
the feed lot and in the end sacrifice her
own body on the butcher's block. This
beef idea Is an extravagant idea.
There are many farmers who would
not object so much to milking cows
and patronizing a creamery u tney reit
nssnrort thev could raise a calf with
credit to themselves and their other j
farming operations.
It is possible to rear a cair on tne
hand separator sweet skim milk prop-
ARISTOCRATIC BEAUTY.
First prize Jersey calf at national dairy :
show, 1907, owned by Overton Hall farm,
Tennessee. Hoard's Dairyman.
erly combined with grains, which calf
at the end of twelve months will be
worth as much money to the farmer
either for placing in his feed lot or in
selling to some feeder as the calf that .
has been reared at its mother's side. j
I would have on every farm a herd .
of eight or ten cows, which cows can .
Ue handled with very great profit to
the farmer and will add very largely
to a system of maintaining soil fertili
ty together with a sensible use of the
land in the growing of crops.
Now, the farmer cannot afford at the
present time to sacrifice his chances
for a good calf, and he need not do so.
Even though the farmer Is procuring
excellent prices for his butter fat he
cant afford to mistreat or stunt the
calf during the first two or three weeks i
of its life. I would, theref ore, be as :
liberal as need be in feeding a young
calf whole milk during this period..
At the end of the third week of the
hand raised calf s existence he should
be on a ration composed wholly of
skimmilk, eating some corn chop and
nibbling hay. (The calf should be thrif
ty, the eye bright, the coat glossy and
smooth and the calf active. If properly
and wisely fed until this date the calf
will be all this and even more hungry,
'playful and lusty. , v
Aside from the corn and the milk
ration, see that the calf gets plenty of
hay. It must have roughage to aid di
gestion and distend the stomach.
The potbellied, cat hammed, stunted
and miserable calf creatures to be seen
on many farms, not so frequently now
as formerly, are the rasult of improper
judgment used in feeding the baby
calf. The calf so described is a dis
grace to the owner, and he should feel
ashamed of having produced the like.
Time on the farm is money just the
same as in the factory. The farmer
who is rearing a half dozen calves per
year can't afford to be without stan
chions. (See cut from Kansas Farmer.)
Stanchions are as necessary in feeding
calves as is an Improved stall in niak
tng the dairy cow comfortable.
If calves are fed in an open pen in
summer time I would build a stan
chion in the lot. I would also have a set
built in the calf barn. Stanchions are
not so expensive but that the farmer
can afford two sets.
At mealtime each calf will have his
head in the stanchion and the calf
CALF STANCHIONS.
waiting to be fastened. The feeder
closes the stanchion and the calf is se
cure. The feed Is given the calf ac
cording to his requirements and desires
of the feeder. If the calf Is a slow
eater it is not molested by the greedy
calf next to him.
Stanchions on the dairy farm will
expedite greatly and overcome many of
the obstacles and disagreeable things
In feeding calves.
Creameries and Factories.
There are now In Minnesota 825
creameries and seventy-six cheese fac
tories In actual operation, nearly all of
them being operated and owned by the
farmers, using the same system of
bookkeeping that Is given in the short
course In the dairy school, and every
creamery In the state Is using the Bab
cock milk test and is making first class
butter-. President Northrup of- Minne
sota University.
Good Methods.
"The idea that great outlay for equip
ment is necessary to produce clean
milk Is erroneous. Milk of the best
quality may be produced in an ordi
nary barn if the proper care be taken.
The trouble has not been lack of ex
pensive equipment, but lack of clean
methods." This brief statement by
Illinois dairy autnorities simplifies tha
milk problem Immensely.
, THE LATE- ELEANOR" KIRK.
A Tribute to Her , Life and Doctrine
' ' by Qna "Who Knew Her.
- x notable Illustration of her, own
bright, optimistic philosophy waa -the-late--Eleanor
Kirk. -.'. She. advocated
steadiiy the power of an immortal soul
to rii!e its own body and environment. ,
What she wrote and taught maj be
known Iroza the titles of some of her '
books "Prevention and Cure of Old
Age," "Perpetual Youth." "Where You ,
Are."-"The Bottom Plank of Mental.
Healing." She held that the Creator
desires his children to be and to have,
all that Is good, therefore gave them
divine power to lift themselves above
the dark, troubled waters of disease.,
poverty and unpleasant surroundings
The temptation to give down to dis
ease, bodily discomfort and old age Is
as much to be resisted as yielding to
the moral temptation to steal and lie.
This inspiring doctrine was what Elea
nor Kirk preached and practiced. She
did not believe in beginning to die
thirty years before your time comes.
Therefore Eleanor Kirk lived to the
age of seventy-six years, with a mind
bright, alert and receptive as it had
been when she was 'twenty. She be
lieved in the power of an immortal j
soul to manifest even physical come-
liness so long as it remains on this
earth, and wherever she went stran- J
gers always asked. "Who Is that bean- j
tif ul woman with the white hair?" -
When at last Eleanor Kirk passed t
from this life it was not because of ;
sickness or old age, but the result of -j
accident, an injury received in a fall j
at her home.
As the world goes this teacher and !
practicer of the cheerful doctrine that ;
in reality all is good had as hard a :
life as falls to most. At least that was
true the first half of it. before she her
self had lifted herself out of It. Her
maiden name was Ellen Maria Easter
brooks. In private life she was Mrs.
Ames. Eleanor Kirk was her nora
de plume. She was born in Warren.
R. I.
She was born, too. with intense feel
Ing and sympathy, a vivid imagination
and a gift in the use of language. This
naturally fitted her to be a writer, ant j
writer she was from the beginning
She was' also a loving, devoted -family
woman. In the sixties she was left
with five little children dependent on
her for support With her pen brave
Eleanor Kirk reared and nobly edu
cated these children. She was for a
time a reporter and special feature
writer on the New York Standard, and
John Russell Young was her editor in
chief. In all weathers, in all places,
all hours of the day or night, Mrs.
Ames went wherever her work called
her. She went .fearlessly and un
grudgingly too.. She never stopped for
a second to consider whether this or
that assignment was suitable for a
woman; febe jus went and fulfilled
the task. ' '. ' : - i
One summer- when She went by the
sea she was In an unsually" exhausted
state. She always kept a home for her
children and attended to her domestic
affairs. That summer when she had
pulled herself and the family down by
the . sea and set up housekeeping it
seemed to her she had come to the end
of her rope mentally and physically
She felt as if she could not go a step
further in the doing of two people's
work. She was of a deeply spiritual
nature, which welled up in her as an
intense, living faith in God. In desper
ate emergencies she always called on
the great unseen power for help, and
help now, not next week or next year.
She told me she always got it, espe
cially as, like the little girl with her
prayer, Eleanor Kirk did not "bother
God about little things." These she
worked put by her own common sense
and industry.
On this special occasion, lying upon
the sands under the sky, with the sea
murmuring around her, she demanded
help from the unseen power which
she believed in. Instantly the answer
came to her in a conviction that she
would never have to do regular news
paper work again. It flashed through
her consciousness that another means
of maintenance would open to her. It
did. From that time Eleanor Kirk be
came a magazine and book writer.
Poet she always had been.
She was one of those grand, eter
nally progressing souls that can throw
off and away old, wornout thoughts.
habits and notion? and take on always
the new and the better as it comes to
light. Twenty years ago the variously
called new. thought, divine metaphys
ics, mental science doctrine whatever
each one's preference pleases to name
it caught the open mind of Eleanor
Kirk. It appealed to her as hardly
anything had ever done in her life be
fore. With her perennially youth
ful enthusiasm she seized upon it and
made It her own.- She became one of
its most eloquent and faithful ex
ponents. Few of the new thought
writings are so earnest and impressive
as those of Eleanor Kirk. Fifteen
years ago, with heart and soul full of
things she wanted to say on her own
account, she founded Eleanor Kirk's
Idea, one of the brightest, cheerful
est, most Inspiring little, magazines
ever published in the interest of the
new thought. ' After thirteen years of
a merry, fairly prosperous existence it
was discontinued, though Eleanor Kirk
continued to write till the last.
She loved all living creatures and
sympathized with them. Consequently
she drew all to her with the magnet
ism of white magic The world this
strong, beautiful soul has left will be the
darker to those who knew Eleanor Kirk.
ELIZA ARCH APJ CONNER.
When the Rug Curfs Up.
If the rug curls up at the corner, it
can be straightened out by covering
with several thicknesses of cloth, thor
oughly dampened, and p res; ing witli a
hot iron till perfectly dry. .
HURRY UP' ICE CREAM. -
Newfangled Contraption , That Makes
a Brooklyn Home Brighter. '
"My wife's feeding me Ice cream
twice a day now," said a man the oth
er, day, "and she threatens to make it
three times a day before August, That -will
make it ice cream for breakfat
and I guess I'll have to draw the line
at that. There's a limit
"Expensive, you say? Bless you, no.
That's the reason I haven't got up my
nerve to kick yet You see, she makes
it herself, and .she's got it figured out
that it costs hardly anything, and as
for the bother why, it doesn't bother
her at all. At lesst that's what she
says. -
"It's a new patent freezer that got
her started. Some friend told her
about it and nothing would do but I
must get her one something a child
can handle, you know, makes the home
brighter' and all that sort of thing.
Just a metal box about a foot square,'
it was.
" 'See here,' I said to her when I got
It home. you can't make ice cream in
that thing.' and 'Can't I? she said,
and disappeared with it into the
kitchen.
"Well. sir. in half an hour or less
back she came with plates of ice cream
all ready for eating. It was good too
It was all very simple. Inside the
metal box was a cylinde and in that
you put the cream and other stuff that
is to be frozen. Then you pack' the
box full of very fine cracked ice, turn
the handle for only a few minutes,
and the job's done.
"My wife went to the new freezer
like a child with a new toy. At first
It was only dinner, but now she makes
It late in the evening and insists on my
eating some before going to bed. I'm
6ure she has ice cream for lunch every
day when I'm not home. I know be
cause I went home for lunch to sur
prise her once and found that ice
cream was about the whole bill of
fare, so I came away in a hurry.
, "I'm hoping she'll get tired of her
new plaything after awhile and let me
off with .only an occasional congealed
dessert. It really is a mighty handy
contraption if only she wouldn't overdo
It. She's got so expert now that the
whole operation takes less than twenty
minutes."' ,
' NOVEL STOVE LID.
Used as a Damper Without Removing
Lid From the Fire.-
A new type of stove lid is the recent
invention of a Pennsylvania man. It
is designed to be used as a damper
without necessitating, the removal of
the lid from the fire.. " As Shown in the
illustration, the dampering of the fire
can be accurately and minutely regu
lated. This stove lid is made in two
sections, the outer section having a
large circular recess one-half the depth
WAYS OF USINO THE LID.
of the lid. The upper section fits and
revolves in the recess and contains
numerous round apertures. In the re
cess in the outer section are triangular
openings corresponding with the tri
angular sections of apertures in the
Inner lid.
Obviously when the inner lid is re
volved so that the apertures are over
the openings in the outer section the fire
will be dampened. When the aper
tures do not register over the open
ings the stove opening will be as ef
fectively sealed as with the common
solid stove lid. The dampening is
regulated by. placing only a portion of
the apertures over the openings in the
lower section of the lid.
NEEDLEWORK NOTES.
Dark red linen makes a girlisb. dress
that can be worn with a coat or lin
gerie waist The material launders
nicely.
Many of the striped walking suits
are trimmed with pompadour ribbon
on the collar, narrow revers, cuffs and
belt, the ribbon matching the stripe of
the material.
When altering a blouse for any rea
son it is a great mistake to move the
shoulder seam to the front A far bet
ter plan is that of dropping it baefc
wat Instead of forward.
New vanity bags for dancing parties
are most attractively . made of dainty
ribbon in the form of a tiny bag,
which holds powder and puff ball,
while the bottom on the outside has a
mirror, held in place by a shirred piece
of ribbon, after first being glued to the
rib covered cardboard which forms
the inside of the bag. ,
Some women waste , their time In
featherstitching dainty garments with
embroidery thread. The embroidery
thread being soft when the garment is
laundered it is pressed Into the ma
terial .and loses its -individuality.
Twisted cotton, which comes , by tha
ban In various numbers and which la
sometimes used for crocheting, is the
most satisfactory thread witb which
to do this dainty work.
I f ? o o e L't e l 1
arm and K
THE FRUIT CROP.
Some Ideas Worth Putting Into Prae
" . tice Next Season. ;
. It is. a mistake to suppose that fruit
bearing plants will do their best if J
they receive attention only now and j
then. Irregular care will not amount to
much. Moreover, the cultivator should, j
as soon as the bearing season is over, j
begin to consider what may be done
to induce a better crop next year.
. Many old plantations of raspberries
and blackberries that are filled with
dead canes and weeds can .be so re
newed and renovated ' that they will
bear an- abundance of fine fruit. To
keep a berry patch In the highest state
of productiveness the old canes should i
be removed after fruiting and the
young growth of small canes properly
pruned out and thinned in the row. If
this is neglected next year you will
have a small crop of inferior berries,,
good neither to eat nor to sell.
Blackberries and the red or sucker
varieties of raspberries require similar i
1 . Tn Ifo 1 1 .. rt n..H;.-nf.. ,i .1 1
to thin plants in the row. Blackber
ries should be thinned so the plants
will stand at an average distance of
TKAININO THE PLANTS.
about one foot apart in the row'. Save
only the largest and best canes. The
width of the rows may be two feet,
with a space of four feet between
them. Keep the ground clean with
cultivator and hoe and the soil stirred
about the plants.
Keep in mind the tree form when
pruning. Pinch off the top when the
cane is about four feet high. The lat
erals will then grow, and you will have
a bush something like a tree pruned to
vase form. The laterals should be cut
back to one or two feet in length, and
the new growth will then make a bush
of sufficient size to make a large crop.
Tender varieties that must be laid
down in winter should not be so
pruned. Blackcap raspberries and
blackberries require more room be
tween the plants in the row than red
raspberries.
Cultivate, if possible, until July, then
place a heavy mulch of strawy manure
between the rows to retain the mois
! ture and furnish plant food. Set posts
i four or five feet high. Nail-two pieces
1 of board about two feet long and four
inches wide horizontally on the posts.
one at the top and one about three
; feet from the ground. Nail smooth
fence wire to the ends of these boards
or arms to support the canes.
The plan described for raspberries
and blackberries may be test adapted
to general culture, but there is another
. by which the finest dessert fruit may
be grown. Set the plants about seven
feet apart each way, allow only three
or four canes to grow in a hill, set
three posts around these in the form
of a triangle and nail some wire around
them for a support. Make the soil rich
and cultivate both ways with a culti
vator. In May of each year keep back
all of the new canes except three or
four of the strongest for next year's
fruiting. Give clean cultivation until
July, .then mulch between the rows.
If you wish to set a new patch of these
CONVENIENT CRATES.
berries select a deepy clay loam, but
make it only moderately rich with sta
ble manure for raspberries, as the
canes are less hardy in very rich soil.
- The marketing of small fruit- may
be greatly facilitated by having a num
ber of basket crates. A plan for such
container is shown herewith. Its di
mensions are so arranged that three
of the crates can be made to occupy
the space of two when it is desired to
store them. The dotted lines indicate
how the two crates may be arranged
opening to opening so as to contain the
third. The dimensions of the crate
are shown on the top crate, the same
being sixteen' and one-eighth inches
long, thirteen and one-eighth inches
wide and twelve and one-eighth inches
high, with two end cleats which makes
the capacity equal to a bushel- By
turning the paper to the right a better
j view of the crate may be bed.
f. ;X
; r " " " " v " ' T "
v i ' i ' 'fa
s; I f ? I
1 i Ei j I i I i
CUTTING TREES.
Economy Dictates That Sapling
. Should Not Ba Felled. '.
" It is worth while for farmers to pay '.
a little more attention to their farm
timber lots. Any one who has' had to
buy lumber lately knows that its price
is almost prohibitory.
In fact building operations o the
farm as well as. elsewhere have,been
greatly kept back by the high prices
asked for all kinds of lumber.
Take a trip about the country, and
you will see some things that will
make your heart ache if you care any
thing for trees. In the mill yards of
the east and middle west, where hem
lock and pine grow, you will find little
trees, hardly as large around as a
stovepipe, waiting to be sawed.
Some of these will hardly make a
2 by 4 scantling.
If those saplings could have been
permitted to stand a few years longer
they would have been worth many
times more- than they are now. But
the spirit seems to be to cut the trees
down now and let them go for what
they will bring. This is quite in Hue
with much we do in other directions at
the present time. The dollar we can.
get now is the dollar we must have.
-Tomorrow may look out for itself.
The farmer has it in his power to
put a :heck to this waste. How? By
cutting only such? frees as are dead or
beginning to die. The best farmers do
this themselves, and if they rent their
lands they Insist that their tenants
shall do the same. And then they may
set out more trees.
If they are compelled to cut any live
trees for building purposes, they may
also set out other smaller trees to take
their place. They may also fight fire.
the worst enemy we have in our for
ests. They may work for better timber
laws. And they may educate their
boys to love the woods and try to keep
them growing. -
CUCUMBERS.
They Need Plenty of Heat, Light and
Moisture.
To grow cucumbers to perfection
plenty of heat, light and moisture are
required. They will thrive in-' any
good soil not too heavy or sandy.
Seed may be sown as soon as the
danger of frost is past. Six or eight
seeds should be planted in each hill,
the hills being about six feet apart
each way.
In the early spring seed may be
sown in hills which are protected by
glass covered frames. When the
plants have grown to about four
inches in height and there seems to be
little danger of them being Injured by
insects or other causes they should be
thinned out to about three plants In a
hill.
Frequent cultivating is needed until
the vines begin to run freely. As cu
cumbers are subject to several dis
eases, the old vines should be de
stroyed or cleared away in the autumn,
and the crop should not be planted
two years in succession on the same
land. The worst feature of cucumbei
culture is the Insect pests, but these
may be controlled by dusting with dry
insecticides or even with bone dust.
Cucumbers for pickling should be
gathered when quite small. They may
be successfully preserved in' brine,
from which they are taken as needed,
soaked in fresh water and placed in
vinegar. There are many varieties,
each good for a purpose.
Eradicating Weeds.
In many sections of the west when
the weeds get too large for the harrow,
farmers use what is known as a
slicker. The details of construction
are shown in the accompanying illus
tration. The slicker is usually about twelve
feet wide, with four runners. The run-
cs w
A SLICKER.
1 . . c o v. .. cA. o In' C
inch scantling. Boards are nailed on
top of the runners. An iron five
eighths of an inch in diameter is fas
tened at the back of the runners, so
that it drags in -the soil one to two
inches below the surface. A thin bar
vi steel as ioug as iub wiulu vi
implement, about two inches wide and
sharpened on the front, is sometimes
used instead or tne iron rou. lue uar
is bolted to the bottom of the back oe
the runners.
The weight of the driver who rides
the implement causes the rod or knife
to run just undr the surface of the
ground. When the rod clogs it is
dumped by lifting on the handles,
shown in the cut. It works very
nicely when the soli is smooth, finely
pulverized and reasonably free from
stubble and other trash. When the
slicker is to be used care should be ex
ercised in turning ine siuuoie uuust
well.
Potato Rot.
A man who has tried the experi
ment claims that it is very easy to pre
vent potatoes from rotting by placing
in different parts of the cellar in which
tity of lump slack lime. He states that
this lime absorbs the moisture which
tatoes and in his case has resulted in
keeping his stock of this commodity
always in good condition. The plan Is
simple enough and is well worth a
. . . . i i .jt -i i
tl lai Uf v ue Mbu
UCUlty in Keeping lis iH-tf iuea ut m
j damp cellar. '
y