Farm and
Garden
QUALITY IN CORN.
Tremendous Influence of Seed on the
Percentage of Yield.
i The wide variations observed with a
large number of seed corn samples
tested at the A'irginia experiment sta
tion show that the corn breeder can
quickly change the characteristics of
the crop, increasing or decreasing the
tee of the stalk, number of leaves,
length and shape of ear and the per
cent of grain. To select and Improve
corn successfully one must make an
Individual study of the desirable and
undesirable qualities of the several
mm
EXCELLENT AND POOB QUALITY.
plants and ears arid know which to se
lect and which to reject or failure will
follow. The importance of choosing
the right ears is shown by the fact
that the yield' from forty samples test
ed varied from 28.14 to 57.2C bushels
In 1905 and from 34.79 to 81.69 bushels
In 1906.
Different strains of the same variety
of corn may vary greatly in yield. In
the cut the ear on the left is the prod
uct from learning corn and shows ex
cellent quality. The ear on the right
Is from another strain of the same va
riety and shows very bad quality.
When large and small cars were se
lected from the different samples, the
history of which was known, it was
observed that the large ears in every
instance made a more vigorous ger
mination and a higher yield, amount
ing in some instances to nearly eleven
bushels per acre. This is a point that
should be carefully considered by corn
growers.
! Wheat In the Cotton Belt.
' The first week in November is early
enough to sow wheat throughout the
middle portion of the cotton belt This
crop often succeeds well sown as late
as Dec. 1, provided the conditions
shall be favorable for germination for
two weeks after sowing (not too cold
and wet). Land covered with a thick
growth of grass, cowpeas or other veg
etation is not considered the best con
dition for wheat, for the reason that
wheat likes a compact, smooth surface
En Turn vnnr lmri' Troll thun hnr- i
row then roll with a heavy roller,
then sow the seed. A one or one and a
half ton roller run over a freshly plow-
ed and harrowed surface once or twice
will compact the three or four inches
of surface soil. The wheat seed should 1
then be put in with a regular wheat
drill, says a southern, authority. I
.would not apply less than 400 pounds
of fertilizer per acre and would prefer
GOO to 000 pounds unless the land be
already rich. I recommend this for
mula: Two hundred pounds acid phos
phate, 400 pounds of cottonseed meal
and fifty pounds of muriate of potash
per acre, supplemented with a top
dressing of fifty to seventy-five pounds
of nitrate of soda in March if the ap
pearance of the plants seem to indi
cate the need of more nitrogen.
, Grading Apples.
! Some apple growers in the Hood
river region have been using the grad
ing board shown in the figure. A com
mon board or piece of pasteboard is
hung up before the wiper. In this
'board holes are cut the size of various
THE OB AD EN O BOABD.
tiers, such as three, three and one-half
and four tier, etc. As the apples are
wiped they are properly tiered. The
advantage of this method is that the
packers have the apples practically
graded and can do much more work
in a day, and after the first half day
the wipers can usually accomplish
fully as much as with the old method.
Beans Fed to Swine.
i Beans can be fed to swine only In
the cooked form. The pig seems to be
Enable to utilize beans which are at
all hard or firm, even though they have
.been boiled for some time; hence It Is
Very essential that they be thoroughly
and carefully cooked, says R. S. Shaw,
Michigan. To supply a single feed of
half cooked beans to a pen of hogs
robs them of their appetites and relish i
for their food, tf indeed tt does not
Hi
B
BESS
j
Til
LNEW TUBER.
Crisp and Pleasant In Taste, 8taoiyJ Appreciation 0f a Splendid Breed .ef Soma Points en Cultivation and the
Moots With Favor. 'Draft Horses. Use of Fertilizers.
This Tegetable,- known to the bota- xhe Iowa State college at Ames la Living In one of the best fruit see
Bis ts as Stachys gieboldi, has been In- co-operating with the United States tlons of New York, I hare been inter
trodueed Into America from Japan and government In a breeding' experiment ested In growing peaches and other
has a number of different names, such
as Japanese potato, Chinese artichoke.
chorogi, etc. but the name stachys
seems to nave Deen aaoptea a ue
common one in this country. The
plant is a small perennial belonging to
the mint family and produces just be-
low the ground a multitude of small
white crisp edible tubers varying from
an inch to two and one-half Inches In
length and about one-half an Inch in
thickness and marked by Irregular
spiral springs, which give them a cork-
screw-like appearance.
Easy of Cultivation.
Ktflfhva haa been tested t the New
j York (Cornell) and a number of the
ther agricultural experiment stations
and proved so easy of cultivation and
pleasant In taste (the flavor resembling
artichokes) that the vegetable has made
many friends and is now procurable
at the markets In most of our larger
cities. The agreeable quality Is in
considerable measure due to the crisp-
ness of the tubers, and as this disap-
j pears when they are exposed to the air
they should be stored In sand or saw -
dust They are ready for use when
the plant dies down In the autumn,
though they may be easily carried
over the winter, and are prepared for
the table like potatoes or other vegeta-
bles or may be eaten raw like radishes,
On an avirarB mtahva has tho rnllmw.
Ing percentage composition: 78.6 per
cent water, 2.7 per cent protein, 0.1 horses. Nature has favored it with
per cent fat 17.4 per cent total carbo- nutritious herbage and a pure, dry
hydrates (0.7 per cent being crude and bracing air eminently favorable
fiber) and 1.2 per cent ash. Like the to horse breeding. It takes a great
other roots and tubers which have deal of labor to cultivate the fields of
been spoken of, the stachys is charac- this broken region, and the brood mare
terlzed by a high water content and Is called upon for her share of the
carbohydrates constitute the principal work. This is another condition that
nutritive material. According to some has led to the production of strong,
authorities, lnulin is present in stachys rugged colts destined some day to car
ta place of starch, while others state ry on the commerce of the world,
that starch Is replaced by a special The Perche farmer is the breeder of
carbohydrate called stachyose. A di- these horses, and It is a well known
gestion experiment with stachys was fact that the farm is the ideal place
made some years ago in Japan, and it to produce those lusty, vigorous colts
was found that the carbohydrates
were about as thoroughly digested as
those of potatoes, 95 per cent being re
tained by the body. C. F. Langwor
thy. , Quality In Milk.
It Is possible that a cow that has
been poorly fed or one that is in poor
or sickly condition will give milk that
is abnormally low in fat and. when,
she is better fed or when she begins
to improve in condition that she will
give milk richer- in fat than before,
but of course this sort of comparison
Is not justifiable because we have con
ditions that are abnormal.
The per cent of fat which a cow
gives seems to be a matter of heredity,
just the same as her color or dlsposi-
tlon is a matter of hereditv anrl ran
no more be changed than can either
of these two characteristics. We well
know that the only way to change the
color or disposition of animals Is
through breeding that is, a cow of
one disposition or color will transmit
those qualities to her offspring only to
a limited degree when bred to a bull
whose color or disposition differs from
hers. The offspring will inherit the
sire's characteristics as well as those
of the dam. If the sire's material an-
cestors were cows that gave milk poor
In fat content, then his offspring will
Inherit that characteristic to a certain
degree, depending upon his prepotency
and tnat of tne cow ne Dred to.
There is another way by which the
a ntent of milk may be changed
and that 18 by animals existing for
federation after generation under sim-
uar conumons as to ieea, writes f. jn.
r . m uie souuera iiuraiist. or in-
stance, it is claimed that a breed of
cows taken from a district where the
pasture has been scarce and scanty
but nutritious for a great many gen-
erations may give milk that is richer
in butter fat than cows taken from a
district where feed has been abundant
for a great many generations. 1
j
Stable Manure.
When the manure is exposed to the tiful stallions on the native mares of
action of the elements and the leach- Perche continued as late as 1820, when
Ings allowed to drain away it rapidly the two noted gray stallions Godophln
decreases in value. Experiments con- and Gallipoli were introduced in the
ducted to determine the facts have ia- stud stables at Pin, thus stamping
dicated that horse mrfnure, thrown their character, quality and endurance
Into a loose pile and subjected to the n the horses of the country with an in
action of the elements, will lose nearly delible Impress, gays a writer In Na-one-half
of Its valuable fertilizine con- : tlonal Stockman. .
stituents in the course of six months,
and that any kind of manure, even In
a compact mass, when so placed that
all water falling upon it quickly runs
through and off sustains a considerable
j loss, though less than the former case,
j says a writer in American Cultivator,
j Therefore, after having made all the
good stable manure practicable, pro
i tect it in some way fromfermentation
and leaching and supplement It with
commercial rertiiizers alter it is ap
plied to the soil.
Humus In Orchard Soil
The humus loosens the soil particles.
which in turn increases its water ca-
pacity. The humus is essential f or j
A. j . . . . ...... . .
uie growia or ue Deneneiai Dactena :
of the soil. One of the most Impor-!
tnnt nnrts that n rnvar imn nioirs ( 1
lts ability to change chemically the '
compounds in the soil and put them in
an available form for tn ivoes. The
cover crop gathers, digests and tnms
over to the trees the plant food which
It has stored.
:- ii
Blemishes From Codling Moth.
Apples In which codling moth larva
have been killed close to the surface
are but slightly blemished and keep In
cold atorem almost w.n n
bnens abeoiatety without
hnens abeoiatehr vtthont uwfc !'
THE PERCHEROH.
w esraouan a i gray oran
hof-f 'i!.
.f" d JflLT
rlculture and Professors Ciirtiss and
Kennedy 0f the Iowa State college to
geject the Shire and Clydesdale breeds
for the beginning of the experiment,
though some of the gray Percheron
blood may possibly be used later in
the progress of the experiment Com-
menting upon this enterprise. National -
stockman remarks:
The color has been selected with
' more wisdom than fairness to existing
Interests. The gray draft horse has
been made Dopular in this country by
the Percheron. Very few gray draft
horses other than Percherons have
been used here, and this color has be-
come a sort of Percheron trademark,
an Indication of Percheron blood. The
prejudice in favor of It is so strong
that it forced Percheron breeders to re- ,
turn to the breed's original color when I
a fashion lad them from it for a season. '
Ideal Home of the Horse. ;
In the little district of Perche, sit-
. uated in the south of Normandy, in
France, we find the native home of
probably the most popular breed of
draft horses in the world today, the
Percheron. This is a somewhat bro-
ken country, with rather scant pastures
and watered by numerous springs and
V.l, or. M.ol lsw.orl.or. W A
velopment of such a noble breed of
Ohio's bsonze percheron..
tBronze figure of Percheron horse lately
presented to ueumo oiaie university
by the Societe Hippique Percheronne of
France. The gift was made In recogni
tion of the part Ohio men have played
for over a half century in Importing
Percherons to America. Since the day
when the great stallion Louis Napoleon
was brought to Ohio in 1851 citizens of
this state have led as importers and
producers of this valuable breed. The
figure has a total height of twenty-five
inches and is representative of a perfect
Percheron horse.
that will develoo into sood drafters.
He takes pride in his horses; he loves
them. It seems to come natural to
him. He takes good care of the brood
mare, works her and feeds her care-
fully, and here lies one of the main
factors that has brought the breed to
the high degree of perfection which It
holds today. When the colts are about
eighteen months old he assigns them to
some light work. They are hardy
and soon become accustomed to it and
enjoy it. iney are aDunaanuy tea,
ana wun mis exercise mey acquire a
strong, healthy condition,
The Percheron has been bred in this
district for many centuries; In 1732,
when the French defeated the Sara-
cens, they captured their horses and
brought them to their country, and to
these historic Arabian horses, so noted
for their superior symmetry, quality
and intelligence, the modern Percheron
owes Its origin. The use of these beau-
When They Are Behind.
With pigs coming at several times
of the year it -is not easy -to prevent
some of the larger ones from having
the advantage. These robust fellows
look out for themselves; tbey have
their share and more. Of course the
big ones should be kept away from
the smaller ones that is admitted.
But when we give all the pigs con
siderable range how large a farm will
It take for one or two hundred pigs
born during half a dozen months of
the year that each may have its share
of the land, the shade and the water?
We cannot work " out m thls wa? M
we would llke to d0; consequently
some nicrs are behind the rest. Thv
'' , , -
cuffed an abused occasionally,
T1 c ltlluw tiety uiw au .iu-
closure for tneir feed hich the big
a1Ihti AAnvme- An-f-Ma T 4-V aPA1f Va.
fellows cannot enter. If they fall be
hind and do not grow as they should,
we shut them up for a week or two
and feed them skim milk and other
: things they like. They should not stay
In too long or they may take the
thumps. The change of diet and free
dom from molestation are good for
them. It Is not advisable to doctor
Ihese pigs with stale buttermilk. This
Advice is given free, says a writer la
farmers Advocate. It cost two pica
pfga
1
MARKET PEACHES.
fruite for about thirty-five years. saW
writer In New England Homestead.
Practically all sorts do weU In Niagara
county. Our soil Is a gravelly one, es
pecially adapted to fruit culture. Peach
trees are at their best when about
SHOCK PEACHES.
eight years old. Some trees at this
age will yield from four to five bush-
els annually. I think It best to prune
In the spring. We cut out the tops
nnrt fill ilonrl tcywI tho iti mnH
from winter freezing or other causes.
I think it well to keep all wood that
Is not active cut out
We begin cultivation in our orchards
as soon as the ground is dry enough
In the spring. We use a pulverizer
and disk until the early part of Au-
gust We have not used any commer
cial fertilizer, but add barnyard ma
nure In the orchard when and where
it is needed, this being put on during
the' winter. We thin our peaches reg
ularly and find it pays.
In the same journal is given, an il
lustration of Beer s bmock, which Is
popular as a market peach In the or-
chard sections of Michigan It ripens
the last of September, and its harvest-
ing season lasts until about Oct. 10.
The samples shown were taken from
a tree seven years old and from which
was gathered last season four bushels
of prime fruit. They netted the grow
er $2 per bushel at the orchard.
TOOLS AND WAGONS.
Providing Shelter For All
Saves Expense.
Implements
"I either shelter- my tools or burn
them. A tool not worth sheltering is
not worth keeping. My wagon has not
been out four nights in the ten years
that I have run it. The hay rack is
drawn up by pulleys over the barn
floor, except when I thrash, and then
if is nut in a tool barn.
"My horse rake has been In use over
twenty summers and has never had a
tire set. I have had but two mowing
machines in my farming, and I seldom
cut less than eighty acres each year.
My potato crates are kept sheltered
and filled and set in the cellar. They
have strips under them to keep them
off the ground."
These were the words of a very care
ful farmer and a successful one. Go
ing by his place one will note an ap
pearance of thrift and neatness. The
buildings are in good repair and well
painted. There is a large wood pile and
a roomy wood shed. One notices also
the absence of wornout wagons,
sleighs, harrows, cultivators, etc., scat
tered about His tools are kept in re
pair, and he does not buy more than
he can shelter.
By Way of Contrast.
I went through a farmer's orchard,
back of his barn, last fall, and it had
the remains of nearly a dozen old
wagons standing around, with tall
weeds grown up through and among
them and gone to seed. I wondered
how he would gather his apples, says
a writer in American Cultivator. It
would be a tedious and unsatisfactory
task to cut these weeds. 4
Many of these wagons might have
been repaired for very much less than
the cost of new ones. Above all, he
was in debt for the wagons bought to
replace these old ones. A self binder
that cost $125, on which he has been
-paying interest for ten years, stood
out in a snowdrift last winter.
Next to providing shelter for wagons
and tools it is wise to have a place
where they may be comfortably re
paired in winter or on rainy days.
Holding Cotton at Home.
I will tell you how I have done for
thirty years here in Texas, says a
writer in Farm and Ranch. When in
the fall I begin to pick I sell when the
price suits me. Then when it gets low
er by the rush of cotton on the market
I place large rails or poles skinned flat
on ground three feet apart and place
my cotton on them edgewise, not
touching each other. After the first
rain I change the bale on the other
edge and continue this plan as late as
May, waiting upon the market and
selling when I get ready or am com-
- - -j
pelled to seU and not calling upon
Danger or mercnant or any otner per-
son. This cotton, every bale, has kept
v At JW J A - . .
perfectly sound, and not a pound is the
least damaged.
Virgin Soil For Hotbeds.
Prepare the soil for hotbeds now.
Virgin soil from the woods Is best for
bedding melons, cukes and sweet po
tatoes. It Is nearly always dry and
easily handled in October. Haul and
pQe it up near the hotbeds so that tt
can be. covered later on. Then when j
bedding time comes it will bs la fine
The HecLvy
Hog Again.
Two very popular English breeds of
8wme are winninS their way Into the
ot st.
that wins his way Into the farmer's
love is the one that pays a profit
Large Yorkshires are increasing hi
numbers in Wisconsin, Minnesota,
northern Iowa, Nebraska " and South
Dakota. I have found a dozen new
herds in northern Illinois and Wiscon
sin. They are giving good satisfaction.
The Essex is thriving in the heart of
Illinois corn sections, and many farm-j
ers are using pure bred boars to cross
on grade Poland-China sows. The Es-
XiABOB "WHITE BOAR.
sex boars stamp an individuality on
y,. pigs teUs experienced
hn m t . h- ,
S a Bl U Sla"Ce Wflere XJjey Come
from.
, xorKswre Doars get over io per cent
j white pigs, which speaks well for their
breeding propensities. The Yorkshires
and the Essex are said by all who have
tried them to make great breeders and
good mothers. They are meritorious
without doubt and find a fair market
writes a Nebraska correspondent to
Country Gentleman, in which the ac
companying cut also occurs.
Light Hogs Leave the Pedestal.
Hog market antics have been amaz-
Ing recently. Forecasting events twen-
ty-f our hours in advance is well nigh
lmpossible Just what kers meaa
, . . . . ' ,
is hrd to dlvme- ne da me waat
nominS but light hogs; the following
session finds them clamorous for cheap
stuff. One thing is certain light hogs
are about to leave the pedestal, and
within a short time the premium wi"
be awarded to medium weight bar
rows, 220 to 260 pounds, barrows that
now cut but little figure in the move
ment Light hogs have bad their day.
Eastern growers are cutting them loose
freely, and a big crop of spring pigs
is coming along in the west. Old corn
being scarce, new grain will be used
to force them, and cholera scares will
send them at light weight to the stock
yards by the thousand. Already the
yards have been flooded by sixty to sev
enty pound pigs that were sacrificed for
no ower reason tnan rear or mortality,
If the big run of sows which has been
in progress for several months past
should suddenly stop, weighty hogs
would sell much higher, concludes the
Breeder's Gazette, Chicago.
Less Quality, More Hog.
During the last few weeks we have
given considerable attention to the
6tudy of the swine exhibited at sev
eral state fairs in the great central
west. We observed closely the kind oj
hogs that carried away the premiums,
and we also took some pains to inquire
ibto the type of hog which was most
keenly in demand, says Iowa Home
stead. The demand that comes from
the average farmer who is looking for
pure bred males to use on grade herds
is for a hog that shows a little more
ruggedness, rather greater length and
with heavier bone than those that
have been winning at some of our fairs.
We found that men who had for sale
rather large, growthy young stuff were
disposing of their surplus much more
rapidly than those who were offering
hogs of the finer type. When you g
with your refinement beyond a certain
point you are bound to injure the pro
lific qualities of your foundatioristock,
and that is why the rather larger,
coarser type Is so popular with the
farmer trade.
For Corn Feeding.
A common practice with farmers in
feeding corn to cattle is to pick the
small ears. After feeding for some
i time, especially if fed for market, the
' cattle often refuse to eat. This is
1 caused by feeding too large pieces.
which makes the mouth sore. By the
use of a device like the one shown In
the accompanying cut no trouble of
EAB CORN CUTTEB.
this kind will result, as the corn can
be .cut in small pieces, says a Farm
and Fireside correspondent
The knife can be made from an old
buggy spring and pivoted to one end
of a bench. A board with a slot cut
in it Is nailed to the other end, which
serves as a guide for the handle end
of the knife.
ThA oTrtt la aaw-il jim-
Jnst wide enough to let the knife
Reoistretioa of lead Tit'e.
In the Olmit Onn nOlie
a.
Tncrvti. H:Wfc Arr-it 19.. n ov,
j. iw.,.. e, ; ;4
of l.nri. .iMn r. V . rltr- w
"rt rontainW .9f .rro. r4 w.u ,,,, v
To P.rr.H Pr,i.rf tv'.- v'-' Vr
w. Srahn. r'.r.. ck, .,, !.,. p,
r.fWlg. .ml 'An ctn ) tr.T rc,. - r,f,r.'.r(,;
TAVF vnrr
Tt.t nplhfilh Tr ,r,t-v(rr. r frr-Iin..
Ion vm flfrl v- .. prrt, , (1)
r")rnlt Court of the 9t. r o-o for TVtttnrt
fnn,. Orwron. frr ivttlti vt.tV' of r Mtle
o Ko la4 pttov (fMtlwl
"Wow. nrM Ton r. or- or too. fro
nf F'Vrnrrv A . T. 'OQ ,ri ,Krr OMr vhv
orfMHon .orM ht m,rW.H.
H t.Vor roofoMoif .rH - iVor. iH!1 V pn
-rf ooorir.ff to tno rrnrw o ! .ooHoat'or. .nit
-rrt oornnlolnt run hr forrvr r.rror' from
"WlBim p franco.
Tflt . rvrv.li.. Orrpon tMr (Hr o.r of J.n
-rv. 100H
'"' T. T. VTWrFNT
r.rfc firoMt Oonrf of too .Ofpfo of froen for
"nton ennntv
NOTTOrc FOP PTTBTTOATTON.
DRPAWTMFKT F TrTF TNTFBTnR
Tjnrt OflW Fosonnrc. A- Tn, H. IDOfl.
Notfeo J. ftorohv Hvon tr.t FM. J. WWFenof
Monroe, Benton Co, Or . fW potior of li). ntn.
tlon to ir.Ve n.l fivr wr rroof in purport of
MsoUim. vir.t
Komiwtp.f Fntrv vo. nolo, ir-adp rvtot-rr 1
"M1. forth N of F(. Sortlong. Town.hln U
onth. R.nim W.t w M. nrl th.t. M proof
will he Trade -hefore Oonntv rierV and ritrv of
Cnnnt.v Court at OorvalHu. Oreron. on Friday.
M.mh . IPOS. '
He name the followlne wltre.se. to nroro fcta
rontinnoua residence npon, and cultivation of, the
land, viz:
Walter J. Plason. Welherrv wii.nn. albert Oaks '
nd Jamea Oake. all of Monroe. Crrn.
BKN.TAMIN U EDDY, Refiatar.
Re-adverttsement. ff
The Best Quality of
PIANOS and. ORGANS
At the Store of GRAHAM & WELLS
Corvallis, Ore Ron
CUSTOMERS
Are requested to call and see them be
fore purchasing elsewhere.
THIS OLD RELIABLE HOUSE will
sell their FINE-TONED INSTRU
MENTS FOR REASONABLE PRICES
instead of charging you extra to make
up for high city rents, railroad faros antl
hotel bills for traveling salesmen. ,
Music Loving People
Can purchase these reliable goods i
their home town. If there is anything
yon do not understand you will find the
(litis near yor home.
Own Your Ho ma
THE
First ' National - Bank
of Corvallis
has some
. TOWN' LOTS
Near- the State Agricultural College
whith you aan buy on the INSTALL
MENT PLAN or for cash.
Save Ten or Twenty altars
per month and pay the same on a town
lot. Thereafter BUILD YOUR HOME
on the lot aad continue to make thee
small monthly payments on the home
and you will aeon have it paid for and
have no more rent to pay.
Per information address
W.ZH. SAVAG
OorvalHm, Or
SO YEARS'
EXPERIENCE
Trade Marks
Designs
COPYRIGrltS etC
Anyone sending a sketch and description mat
qulcsly ascertain our opinion free whether aa
invention is probably patentable. Communica
tions strictly conBdential. HANDBOOK on Patents
Bent free. Oldest agency for securing patents.
Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive
tpecial notice, without charge, in the
Scientific Htttetlcan
A handsomely illustrated weekly. T-nrpest clr
dilation of any scientific journal. Terms, 93 tt
year ; four montho, f L. Sold by all newsdealers.
. " B.S2P' 'Washington. D. C
CASTOR I A
yox Infants and Children.
''ou Have Always Bought
of
The
f4
ff their teed.
John V. UagC . !-
. ahape te work. Fa
Journal. freelx.
for Job Work
v.