Farm Field
and Garden
SHEEP IN WINTER.
PrfMor Shaw's Ideal For Condition
' of Wall Being.
In areas where the winters are long
Ud the snowfall Is considerable sheep
are not accessible to pasture as In
areas farther south. Because of this
Close attention must be given them to
keep them in good health and to se
cure from them a good crop of lambs.
Under such conditions a certain
amount of shelter is absolutely neces
sary. Such shelter should protect the
heep from winds and from falling
terms, but not from low temperatures
xcept when lambs are quite young.
Falling storms, especially cold rains,
are very harmful to sheep; hence they
hould be carefully - protected from
YEARLING SHROPSHIRE EWE.
tnese. Exposure to cold winds is also
harmful, especially In the yards. Un
less in the fine wooled breeds the
fleeces of sheep thus exposed are made
to so expose certain parts of the body
that colds are contracted, to the detri
ment of the sheep. Lying in drafts is
also harmful. Sheep thus exposed con
tract catarrhal troubles, such as snuf
fles, which are very detrimental to
their well being.
The close housing of sheep in warm
tables is about the worst thing that
can come to them In winter. When
thus housed they sweat because of the
heat induced by the wool covering, and
When they are turned out from such
sheds Into a cold, atmosphere they con
tract colds. The ideal conditions of
shelter are those of a shod and yard
that will protect them from winds,
drafts and falling storms and that will
allow them access at all times to the
yards except when storms are falling.
The yards should of course be at all
times well bedded with straw suffi
cient to furnish the sheep with a com
fortable bed. The doors opening from
the yards Into the sheds should be rea
sonably wide to prevent the ewes from
crowding while entering them.
It is absolutely necessary to the wel
being of sheep that they be given con
siderable exercise even in the winter
season. Because of this they should
be allowed access to the pastures as
long as possible in the autumn and as
Boon as bare spots appear on well sod
ded lands In the spring. The device
has sometimes been resorted to when
now Is deep to place food in racks
some distance away from the sheds
and to open a road to the same wltft
the snowplow on which the sheep
would journey when seeking such food.
Lambs are usually strong and vigor
ous in proportion as the ewes get ex
ercise, other things being equal.
No kind of fodder can be given to
heep that will serve the purpose so
well as that which is leguminous.
Such fodder is found In clover, alfalfa
and the Canada field pea in northern
areas, but it is chiefly furnished by !
clover. It Is of much consequence that !
the fodder fed to sheep be fine lather :
than coarse. They are fond of a va- ,
riety of fodder.
As a rule, ewes will profit bj feed- '
lng them from half a pound to a pound
a day of gralu before the lambing sea
Bon and after that time by giving
them much larger quantities unless
when they are on succulent pastures.
No kind of grain Is better thf.n oats, i
Yhen on dry feed and no roots are
being fed, a small proportion of bran j
or of oil cake or of both added "to the i
meal will greatly improve the ration
because of the regulating effect which
these have on the digestion. Field
roots are a great help when they can
be fed.
In conclusion to the foregoing article
by Frofessor Thomas Shaw in Orange
Judd Farmer it Is explained that the
yearling Shropshire shown in the cut
Is one that took first honor at the In-
diana, Kentucky and Illinois state
fairs in 1000. I
Timber In the South.
Farmers of the country are slowly
realising the advantage of planting
trees. Trees an a slow crop, but they
are a sure one and the children of
men who plant today stretches of nut
trees.fruit trets or hardwood timber
will rise up to call them blessed to
morrow. The country is going to be
hard up for wood In a comparatively
few years if somebody doesn't plant
trees. Just at present the south is
Stripping itself to meet the constantly
Increasing demands for timber and in
the south are exceptional opportunities
to prepare for proCt In meeting the de
mands of the future. Southern Planter.
Gather Up the Tools.
Gather up the tools and put them
under shelter. Arrange them in the
best order you can on racks, shelves or
even nails and see if you don't feel :
better for the job. i
Meat Scraps For Poultry.
Meat scraps for poultiy are a most
excellent addition to the regular food,
and during butchering time on the
farm this should not b forgotten.
A NEW TUBER.
Criap and Pleasant In Taste, Staohya
Meets With Favor.
This vegetable, known to the bota
nists as Stachys sieboldi. lias been In
troduced Into America from Japan and
has a nnmber of different names, such
aa Japanese potato. Chinese artichoke,
chorogi, etc., but the name stachys
seems to have been adopted aa the
common one In ' this country. The
plant Is a small perennial belonging to
the mint family and produces just be
low the ground a multitude of small
white crisp edible tubers varying from
an Inch to two and one-half inches in
length and about one-half an inch In
thickness and marked by Irregular
spiral springs, which give them a corkscrew-like
appearance.
Easy of Cultivation. .
Stachys has been tested at the New
York (Cornell) and a number of the
other agricultural experiment stations
and proved so easy of cultivation and
pleasant in taste (the flavor resembling
artichokes) that the vegetable has made
many friends and Is now procurable
at the markets in most of our larger
cities. The agreeable quality Is in
considerable measure due to the crisp
ness of the tubers, and as this disap
pears when they are exposed to the air
they should be stored in sand or saw
dust. They are ready for use when
the plant dies down in the autumn,
though they may be easily carried
over the winter, and are prepared for
the table like potatoes or other vegeta
bles or may be eaten raw like radishes.
On an average stachys has the follow
ing percentage composition: 78.6 per
cent water, 2.7 per cent protein, 0.1
per cent fat, 17.4 per cent total carbo
hydrates (0.7 per cent being crude
fiber) and 1.2 per cent ash. Like the
other roots and tubers which have
been spoken of, the stachys is charac
terized by a high water content, and
carbohydrates constitute the principal
nutritive material. According to some
authorities, inulin is present in stachys
in place of starch, while others state
that starch is replaced by a special
carbohydrate called stachyose. A di
gestion experiment with stachys was
made some years ago in Japan, and it
was found that the carbohydrates
were about as thoroughly digested as
those of potatoes, 05 per cent being re
tained by the body. C. F. Langwor
thy. Quality In Milk.
It Is possible that a cow that has
been poorly fed or one that is in poor
or sickly condition will give milk that
is abnormally low in fat and when
she is better fed or when she begins
to improve in condition that she will
give milk richer in fat than before,
but of course this sort of comparison
Is not justiliable because we have con
ditions that are abnormal.
The per cent of fat which a cow
gives seems to be a matter of heredity,
just the same as her color or disposi
tion is a matter of heredity and can
no more be changed than can either
of these two characteristics. We well
know that the only way to change the
color or disposition of animals is
through breeding that is, a cow of
one disposition or color will transmit
those qualities to her offspring only to
a limited degree when bred to a bull
whose color or disposition differs from
hers. The offspring will inherit the
sire's characteristics as well as those
of the dam. If the sire's material an
cestors were cows that gave milk poor
In fat content, then his offspring will
Inherit that characteristic to a certain
degree, depending upon his prepotency
and that of the cow he is bred to.
There is another way by which the
fat content of milk may be changed
and that is by animals existing for
generation after generation under sim
ilar conditions as to feed, writes P. N.
F. in the Southern Ruralist. For in
stance, it is claimed that a breed of
cows taken from a district where the
pasture has been scarce and scanty
but nutritious for a great many gen
erations may give milk that is richer
In butter fat than cows taken from a
district where feed has been abundant
for a great many generations.
Stable Manure.
When the manure is exposed to the
action of the elements and the leach
ings allowed to drain away it. rapidly
decreases in value. Experiments con
ducted to determine the facts have in
dicated that horse manure, thrown
into a loose pile and subjected to the
action of the elements, will lose nearly
one-half of its valuable fertilizing con
stituents in the course of six months,
and that any kind of manure, even in
a compact mass, when so placed that
all water falling upon it quickly runs
through and off sustains a considerable
loss, though less than the former case,
says a writer in American Cultivator.
Therefore, after having made all the
good stable manure practicable, pro
tect it in some way from fermentation
and leaching and supplement it with
commercial fertilizers after it is ap
plied to the soil.
Humus In Orchard Soil.
The humus loosens the soil particles,
which in turn increases its water ca
pacity. The humus is essential for
the growth of the benefcial bacteria
of the soil. One of the most impor
tant parts that a cover crop plays is
its ability to change chemically the
compounds in the soil and put them in
an available form for flier r?s. The
cover crop gathers, digests asd tnrns
over to the trees the plant food wLleh
It has stored.
Blemishes From Coriling Moth.
Apples ia which codling moth larvae
have lxen killed close to the surface
are but slightly blemished and keep to
cold storage almost aa well as do spec
imens absolutely without temlah.-a'
John V- Lloyfl." yj
TURNIP YIELDS.
CUmata of Mora ImporUnoo Than
. Soil For This Crop.
The best soils for this crop are free
working lands rich In organic matter
and In good tilth. Common turnips
will do better on lighter loams than
rutabagas, and these will give a bet
ter yield than turnips upon heavy to
medium loams. Climate Is apparently
of more Importance than soil for this
crop. A damp and rather dull cli
mate, with a well distributed rainfall
throughout the growing season, seems
to be best
Preparation of Land.
To prepare the land It is recommend
ed that an application of about ten
tons of barnyard manure per acre be
plowed under in fall and the land be
put in good tilth the next spring. Lime
slaked to a very fine powder may be
applied at the rate of 1,000 pounds of
quicklime per acre and harrowed in
with 400 to 600 pounds of acid phos
phate and fifty pounds of nitrate of
soda. This application must be well
incorporated with the soil before sow
ing and the seed bed made as fine as
possible. From two and a half to five
pounds of seed are usually sown In
the case of rutabagas and hybrid tur
nips and from two to four pounds or
an average of three pounds per acre
In the case of common turnips when
the rows are twenty-seven to thirty
Inches apart.
Different Varieties. .
In 1905 -the New Tork experiment
station secured from twenty to twenty
five tons per acre from such . varieties
as the Improved Green Globe and the
Carter Mammoth. In 1906 White Egg
gave the largest yield. During two
years hybrid turnips sown on May 11
yielded at the rate of twenty-three
tons, while those sown June 12 yielded
only about fourteen tons per acre.
Garton Pioneer showed considerable
resistance to soft rot, being the only
one not attacked and yielding for the
two years at the rate of nearly twenty
eight tons per acre.
Blind Staggers.
During winter many farmers lose
stock from various causes. One of
the greatest losses is from blind stag
gers. This is called a disease of the
brain, but it is well settled that the
trouble begins with the digestive tract
and is caused by impure foods, musty
grains or too long diet of dried foods
solely. So far as possible this should
be avoided by furnishing stock with
green pasturage during winter. In the
south this can be done at little cost
Besides the safety to the stock is the
economy of having part of the winter's
feed furnished as pasturage. It is the
custom of some farmers to plant win
ter wheat or winter turf oats or rye
or other winter growing plants in their
cotton and to. use the cotton fields as
pasturage when the cotton crop has
been picked. Farm and Ranch.
A Strainer For Rainwater.
The accompanying sketch shows a
rainwater strainer which has been
found to give good results. It Is eight- j
een inches high, twelve inches In diam-1
eter at the half circle, five and a half :
deep. Allow for all seams.
A, A-2, D, B-2, B, represent the out
side of finished strainer. K is a sec
tion of circular top hinged at B-2 and
fastened with a turn button. The dot
ted lines at E show the section of cir
cular top (K), partly open. M Is a gal-
PEVTCE FOR SfBAJQflXG WATKB.
vanned strainer with three-eighth inch
holes. The strainer rests upon the
supports at the ends and may be re
moved at will. L, is a tin strainer with
one-eighth inch holes and is soldered
In place. F and G are three inch inlet
and outlet; 2 2 are straps on back side,
bywhich the strainer is fastened to
the building.
As will be seen, the top strainer
catches the refuse which is washed
from the roof and gutters and is easily
taken out The finer particles are
caught below and may be removed j
when the top strainer is out Tech-
nicai World.
Plowing In the South.
It is a great mistake to suppose that
fall aul winter plowing in the south
is nol advisable because we do not
have severe winter weather to freeze
it deeply. We usually have a month
of weither severe enough to do the
land great good if given the opportu
nity to .get into it, but unless it is
plowed in the late fall or early winter
this opportunity is denied it. Southern
Plantor.
Celery Not a Narve Food.
It is- often said that celery is a nerve
food, but there seems to be no war
rant for such a statement, and the be
lief i; probably a survival of the time
when t-pecific virtues were attributed
to almost all plants ind vegetables.
C. P. Langworthy.
r
a3 d
w V
GREAT SHOW
OF PONIES.
The breeding classes at the New
Tork horse show indicate the Increased
and constant interest that the ponies
maintain at this great exhibition.
They were forward in large numbers,
and the quality Is Increasing each
year, and the action shown by these
miniature horses Is really the marvel of .
the whole Show. The interest evinced '
In the little fellows Is of the very
greatest, and they Are one of the most
attractive features of this exhibition.
The first class in the breeding divi
sion called for stallion and three of his
get not exceeding 14.1. For this prize
several candidates appeared, and pride
of place was awarded to Dilham Prime
Minister, formerly owned by Eben l.
Jordan, now the property of Fred
I'abst of Wisconsin. He was repre
sented by three of his daughters t
Dainty Eccles. Lady Eccles and Lady
Dilham. this last mare being the sen
sation of the New Tork show of this
year and -probably the best pony in
harness in the world at the present
time. It is extremely doubtful if any
sire could show three daughters the
equal of these three ponies.
The class for stallions not to exceed
14,2 was probably one of the best ever
shown. The ponies were distinctly !
high class, and several of them had .
been London champtons. First prize ,
was awarded to tlw stallion Little ;
fix
EVERYBODY'; ffAVOMTE.
A study in She'lanil character.
Ruby. This is a tlaok brown pony
about 13.3. which wad the champion
at the international at Olympia in
Jlarch and has also beea champion at
the London hackney show in previous
years. lie had been brought to this
country by Messrs.-Carr for the New
York exhibition. It Is extremely doubt
ful whether such extravagant action
as displayed by this pony has ever
been seen in America, pot even except
ing the famous Berkeley Bantam and
Forest King. His hocks moved with
all the precision and regularity of the
piston of an engine, and their flexion
was truly remarkable. His fore action
was also excellent, and altogether he
is probably the most sensational pony
we have yet seen among the imported
ones. He is smooth in his outline, good
in shoulder, round in barrel, full in his
quarters and carries his dock gayly.
Shetland Ponies.
Shetland stallions were a good col
lection, somewhat larger than has been
shown at the Garden for several years.
Ellerslie of Elsinore just barely beat
Grand Duke. Ellerslie la a very level
pony, upheaded in carriage, with good
style and action.
There were quite a number of other
good ponies in this class, and the Inter
est that is being manifested in Shet
Iands in New York is of such character
that Shetland men are standing in
their own light by not giving the Gar
den as great an exhibit of these chil
dren's pets as can be seen in the world.
The Breeder's Gazette, Chicago, is
the source of the forego'ng interesting
comment and illustratrn, and the
same journal notes the large number
of both stallions and maif s registered
In-volume 7 of the American Shetland
Stud Book, just issued, is proof that
the breeding of Shetland ponies is at
this time an industry which is con
stantly increasing.
Dairy Work.
Upon a good dairy farm a sixteen-year-old
boy will do as well a a thirty
dollur a month man. If the barn is
clean and well lighted and The work
systematized the objections so often
raised against dairy work will be en
tirely overcome, says A. J. MGuire of
the Minnesota experiment station in
Kimball's Dairy Farmer. On our farm
all the feeding and milking are done at
the same time each day. Eefiularity
and system cost nothing and return
large dividends in the way tfbetter
production and absence of frJcton in
doing the work. Each morning at 5:15
our dairy work is begun and each
evening at 4. wkiter and summer. The
cows are fed twice a day and watered
once a day. With the exception of wa
tering, the dairy work is finished at 7
o'clock in the morning. This hi until
4 in the afternoon for other work. Our
work is always done by G o'clock In the
evening. Dairying becomes burden
some when It Is added to a full day's
work of some other kind. If yon will
make the dairy work part of the day's
work there will be less objection and
more profit.
. Maintensrica of Esaf Cows.
At the Illinois experiment stat'ou '
the corn plant, fed either in the form
of shock corn or silage, supplemented
with a limited amount of clover hay, j
proved satisfactory rations for winter
lng btet breeding cows. Under the
conditions .of this experiment silage,
produced 41 per cent greater gain in I
live weight than an equal acrea of
shock corn. - i
H . , InIf
i ' ' Ay it 4
FEIGNING DEATH.
A Trick Resorted to by Animal to
Shun Their Enemies.
The feigning of death by certain
animals for the purpose of deceiv
ing their enemies and thus secur
ing immunity is one of the greatest
of the many evidences of their in
telligent ratiocination. This simu
lation is not confined to any partic
ular family, order or species of ani
mal, but exists in many, from the
very lowest to the highest. . It is
found even in the vegetable king
dom, -the well known sensitive plant
being an interesting example. The
action of this plant is purely reflex,
as can be proved by observation and
experiment, and is not therefore a
process of intelligence.
An experimenter, writing in Wis
sen fur Alle, says that he has seen
the feigning of death in some of
the lowest animals known to sci
ence. Some time ago while exam
ining the inhabitants of a drop of
pond water under a high power
lens he noticed several rhizopods
busily feeding on the minute buds
of an algo. These rhizopods sud
denly drew in their hairlike filaria
and sank to the bottom, to all ap
pearances dead. The cause was
found to be the presence of a water
lou.ee, an animal which feeds on
these animalculae. It likewise sank
to the bottom and after looking at
the rhizopods swam away, evident
ly regarding them as dead and unfit
for food.'
This was not an accidental occur
rence, for " the observer has seen
the same wonderful performance
twice since. Through the agency of
what sense, he asks, did these little
creatures discover the approach of
their enemy? Is it possible that
tl.'Jy iind other microscopic animal.
have cos and ears so exceedingly
smtill that lenses of the very highest
. p;.. cr cannot make them visible, or
are they possessors of senses ut terly
unknown to and incapable of being
appreciated by man ? Science can
neither affirm nor deny either of
these suppositions.
.Most animals are slain for food
bv other animals. Most of the car
nivora and insectivora prefer fresh
ly killed food to carrion. They will
not touch tainted meat when they
can procure fresh ; hence when they
come upon their prey apparently
dead they Mill leave it alone and go
in search of other quarry unless
they are very hungry. Tainted
substances are dangerous to get into
the stomach. Certain ptomaines
render it sometimes very poison
ous. Long years of experience have
taught this fact to animals, and
therefore most of them let dead or
seemingly dead creatures alone.
j Toast to Laughter.
! Here's to laughter, the sunshine
of the soul, the happiness of the
heart, the leaven of youth, the priv
ilege of purity, the echo of inno
cence, the treasure of the humble,
the wealth of the poor, the bead of
the cup of pleasure. It dispels de
jection, banishes blues and mangles
melancholy, for it's the foe of woe,
the destroyer of depression, the en
emy of grief. It is what kings envy
the peasants, plutocrats envy the
poor, the guilty envy the innocent.
It's the sheen on the silver of
smiles, the ripple on the water's de
light, the glint of the gold of glad
ness. Without it humor would be
dumb, wit would wither, dimples
would disappear and smiles would
shrivel, for its glow of a clean con
science, the voice of a pure soul, the
birth cry of mirth, the swan song of
sadness. Life.
Clothes and Seasons.
Like the blessed wild goldfinch,
who sometimes stays with its all
winter, I feel a stirring ere Febru
ary is out to shed the gray outward
disguise my soul has all along been
wearing and to come forth in bright
aureate splendor of full summer
plumage. I wish to wear a green
kirtle when the grass burns emerald
and even the sunset skies assume
chrysoprase. In the winter were it
not for startling the good folk I
would go everywhere in the hibernal
attire of the wise little ermine. In
autumn no; there the analogy
stops I would not array me in car
mine or imperial orange, though na
ture is thus minded to do. In the
autumn, even in the late summer, a
fsj-chie revuliiou from this rule of
sympathetic or protective coloring
is experienced. Atlantic.
Spoiled the Metaphor.
A very self confident younsr bar
rister was once introduced to Sir
Henry Hawkins and throughout his
conversation boasted of what he .
hoped to do in the future. !
"Ah," said his lordship at last, '
"so you hope to be famous some
day, eh?"
day I hope to have the world at my
feet' ' ' I
"Why, what have you been doing
all this time," inquired Sir Henry
"walking on your haads ?" j
Registration of Land Title.
In the Circuit Court at the Stat of Oraroa for
Benton CouatT.
Delil Read. Plaintiff,
a.
Rarnwh Rawland. Poll Mit4t . .tra.,t.H -j.
T.rwtia tUUock droaaserl. Straff. etraraii r-.-jT.
Strang F.ttk, I-rw1. h.trMlt.V.'w
deceased an Benrv I mis anif n
irav concern." IWrtana. w '
In the matter of the arplictior. of MH( ,.
to rrcMer the title to the foKcwinr- Taanrilt
lock. hi. arifa. It belnr CI.C V 4. f
Sere 4 and !). in Tovihtr 11. South Par a
of the Willamette Mondiao. p,r.ton Vw
rnn, deacriKM aa follow., towit: TVr. .t the r
corner of said aectlnn 4. and rannlop th north
mimitos rart 4S chain., thenre wort m cf.ipa an
links, thence aouth 44 rh-ln anrt n linka
thenra north ( dear and 4 mnntoa mt p! ohalna
and Hnka. thonrp aonth chain and Krka
thence cart n chain and Hrk. and thnoo nortH
M chain to the r'oo of hr!rp!pin the ditrtct
of Mnda anhiect to aa'e at Orcren rftv Orcron
ard contalninr SSO aero and d-lop m t aero
To Parnah Poa-irrd. rollv v'toWi 'avra
H. Strahan, C'ande Rti-ahen. F.rno T ewf.' Tonrr
Lewis, and rAll whom It wt concern " rVfrniir,
TAKK NOTICP -That
on the 4th darnf Jannarv. 1MX. an annltr,
tion waa fled hv th id TVW Peed In th
rtrn't cvorf o the Ftotc of Orcein for Ponton
county. Oreirnn, for InltUI rorlatration of t)i title,
to the land ahov doaprihod.
-ow, nrVpa yon rrr on or he'ore the ?Tt
dy of Fohrnry A . T. lOfiR. nd how caiw y-hy
pph application ahorld not. ho prantf d. the aame
will he taken aa confeaaed and decree will he cn.
tered according to' the r rarer of the application ant
and complaint you will he forerer haired from
dlapntlnf the eatee. i
Pated ,t Ooryallia, Orepen. thia Pth day of Jan.
nary, 190S.
rsFAli x. T. VTWOFNT
nerk rircMt Court of the State of Oregon for
Henton County.
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTFRIOR.
Land Office at. Poaehurjr. Or., fan, 8, 1909.
i Notice is herehy given that Fhl a I . Wlllaan, of
Monroe, Benton Co, Or.has fled notice of hla inten
tion to n ake finM five year proof in support of
his claim, viz:
Homestead Fntrv Ko. 11019, made Octoherl,
iioni.forthe N 4 of SF . Sections, Township 14
South, Range fl West W M. and that said proof
will he n-nrie hefore Couoty Clerk nd Cler of
: County Court at Corvallig, Oregon, on Friday.
. ounrc-h 6. ions.
I He nances the following witresses to prove hie
; continuous resilience upon, and cultivation of, tha
I lerd, viz:
Walter J. Sisson. Welherrv Willson, Albert Cakes,
and James Oakes. all of Monroe, Preeon.
BENJAMIN U EDDY, Reenter.
Re-ndvertisement. Ttf
The Best Quality of
PIANOS an ORGANS
At the Store of GRAHAM & 'WELLS
Corvallis, Oregon
CUSTOMERS
! Are requested to call and see theiu be
fore purchasing elsewhere.
THIS OLD RELIABLE HOUSE will
sell their FINE-TONED INSTRU
MENTS FOR REASONABLE PRICES
instead of charging you extra to make
up for high city rents, railroad fares and.
hotel bills for traveling salesmen.
Music Loving People
Can purchase these reliable goods in
their home town. If there is anything
you do not understand you will find the
sellers near your home.
Own YourHome
first - NaUonal f- Bank:
of Corvallis
has some
TO WN LOTS
Near the State Agricultural College
which you can buy on the INSTALL
MENT PLAN or for cash.
Save Ten or Twenty Cellars
per month and pay the same on a town
lot. Thereafter BUILD YOUR HOME
on the lot and continue to make these
small monthly payments on the home
and you will seon have it paid for anfi
have no more rent to pay.
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