REARING LAYERS. FEEDING SKIM MILK. HOW IT dwindled: . ITS UP TO YCU IN THE 0ZARKS. The Brown Swiss was Introduced Into this country by a Massachusetts Importer about forty years ago, but has never become very numerous, although there are scattered herds of the breed as far west as Missouri and north to the region of the great lakes. One of the most valuable qualities of the Brown Swiss is its vigor. The grades and crosnbreds in which the breed is used inherit these qualities Of health and hardy constitution. The disposition of these animals is excel lent, both males and females being very quiet and docile. They thrive particularly well in mountain sections where the fodder and pasturage are rough and scanty, as in, its native PUBIS BltED ISKOWN SWISS. home. The subject of the illustration Is Kalserin, a pure bred Brown Swiss, that has au excellent milk and butter record. Her best year's record was 10,295 pounds milk, 400 pounds butter (at, 3.S'J per cent fat; weight, 1,400 pounds. Value of Testing. Today I would no more thiuk of run ning a dairy without the Babcock test, e-en if I had only two cows, than I would of keeping house without a wife, writes a dairyman in Kimball's Dairy Farmer. At one time I had two cows In the herd that are deserving of spe cial mention. Whitey was a fine, large cow with the ability to produce fifty pounds of milk daily when in full flow. Beauty was a small animal that barely ran as high as thirty pounds. My hired man had often urged me to get rid of Beauty, and -used to say, "AVhat a fine thing we would make of this dairy If all the cows were like Whitey!" I applied the scales and Babcock test to these cows and at the end of a year this is the record each made, in round numbers: Whitey, G,000 pounds of milk of an average test of 3 per cent; Beauty, 5,000 pounds of milk with an average test of 6 per cent Whitey went and Beauty stayed. Before many years I had nearly every animal In the herd tracing back to Beauty. By the process of weeding out the poor ones the auimal butter averages began to climb higher each year; from 800 pounds it went to 320, then to 327, to 337, and at the time I turned over my business to my son the herd was averaging a pound a day. Relieving a Choked Cow. A writer in Kimball's Dairy Farmer ays: My experience in dairy farming has been long and varied. I am going to speak of one thing that comes to my mind, especially now. One of my neighbors tried the experiment of fat tening dry cows on potatoes. Unfor tunately two of his cattle choked on inein. rsecoming aiarmeu oy tueir con dition and having heard of relieving choked cattle by pushing the obstruc tion down the, throat; he took a whip Btock and proceeded to help the cow swallow the potatoes. He pushed with 60 much force and the potatoes were so hard that the throat of the cow became badly bruised. Inflammation set in, and she died. When another one chok ed he tried to break the potato and suc ceeded in relieving the cow for the time being, but she died later from blood poison caused by the unneces sary harshness. Such measures are eeldoui necessary. My practice is to put a gag In the mouth and let the gas pass off, and the potato will softeu and can be easily removed without any injury, and the bloated animal is re lieved. Trofessor W. A. Henry of Wisconsin In a recent address said: "Tho next great advance will be community effort. The farmers in each community should meet at the school house and harmoniously agree upon ne breed of dairy cattle for that com munity. If the most bipod In the dairy herds now is llolstelu, tney should all agree upou Holstelns and Ilolstelns only; if it is some other brood, theu upon that breed. Where the farms are not large lusteud of bavins oue scrub bull on tfttcU farm two, three or even four neighbors should join aud buy one vt two reglaterod bulls. The scrub bull has uu place oa. hundred dollar laud." Gentleness and the Cow. It has I'eott sustwsted r.iauy times that tuj uihul of tu dalvytuau and the hlWvl man ha great tiuluvui-e oa the cows hi evwy heed. Ther t no doubt f ttiK Swu tueu hav a. hamiouishis ffovt att Uf about thenu Others hav a dUturblBst t&Kt. tt thwr is a yUic t& th woriii bt a twutt oiaa Ui.x-Cci tt Is hi a tK'Di of co'.v. tt tttta&i a tu-ttch mvuvy to. th tcvpttjf e a Co ftfcJ shjKtott. C t lull Eserejaak. TtSiiiv tti'tHiliir ttt s sowttlhlj? as V a,tr tV fcutl nut th rtvuvt pwc r v-Tii ho tire a dujtw tt aot valy V-6-" F3tt'3 VBLUG3.'ai OJIC Ulff v2 RtmMvt aaa Afotluft 1 at i niisfcUii b fcmtr. Bolt nrat- fx-ti ti tt ami ta a c&iua ttri An Expert Poultryman Tells How This - Can Be Done Successfully. . - H. P. Rankin has the following words of wisdom in the American - Agricul turist concerning the difficult problem of rearing chicks designed especially for development Into persistent layers: When the- chicks first come out of the shell, I leave them in the incubator till the last hatched Is twenty-four hours old, then remove to a brooder with a temperature of 90 degrees, the brooder floor being first covered with a thin""! layer of sand and one inch of cut al falfa, and give grit and water two hours before feeding. I feed a- dry grain chick food containing 20 per cent chick grit arid 5 per cent small granulated charcoal The brooder is cleaned every day by sifting sand through a cornmeal sieve. Beef scraps are kept before them after they are four days old. This is their feed till they are six weeks old, when they are given free range and are fed but three times a day, corn being mixed with their food, one part cracked corn, one part wheat, three parts ground oats in bulk with fine meal sifted out I al ways feed In a litter to keep them busy. - , When they are four months old, I feed one part corn, one part wheat, one part barley and two . parts oafs three times a day with coarser char coal in the same proportion or fed in hoppers always before' them. At five months old I begin feeding one -part corn, one part wheat, one. part barley and two parts oats three times a day with coarser charcoal in the same pro portion, or fed In hoppers always be fore them, with green stuff of some sort always near. Steamed cut alfalfa and cabbage are best In winter. In rearing laying chickens it is most Im portant to keep them growing all the time and always busy. Nothing ever has been or will be profitable brought up In Idleness. By following the above regimen and attending to proper cleaning of the chicken houses, destroying all Injurious vermin, insects, etc., and using scrap meats exclusively, I have reared chick ens that have no superiors in laying qualities. I do not breed for yearly records, wanting eggs only from Nov. 1 to July 1, and I select none for breed ers that do not lay at least 150 eggs In that period. In selecting my breed ers I weigh their breeding, laying qual ities and standard points. Fighting Vermin. It Is a waste of time to fight vermin so long as the droppings are allowed to remain in the houses week after week. Clean up each morning. It takes but a minute or two "each day, and with the occasional assistance of kerosene lice seldom cause any trouble. ' Remove the nest boxes and fixtures from the houses and fairly saturate them with kerosene, then go Inside and with a spray pump send the kero sene into every crack and crevice. It does noble work, and your hens will bless you for it Another good precaution Is to use in sect powder liberally in the nest boxes. It will kill such vermin as are lodged In the feathers of the hens. If the young chicks are drooping, ex amine their heads, and the chances are that a large gray louse will be found. A drop of sweet oil will soon settle the matter. . Market Preference as to Poultry. Practically all the large markets In the United States require yellow skin (or flesh) and legs in first grade market poultry. English and Canadian mar kets call for white skin (or flesh) and legs for their better grades. Boston and New York markets require dry picked poultry and will only take the scalded product at a discount San Francisco and Philadelphia insist upon dry picked poultry and do not want scalded. St Louis, Chicago, Baltimore and Washington prefer scalded poultry except for storage purposes. Dry picked poultry only is accepted for cold storage. The Cause of Wry Tails. The cause of wry tails is obscure, but Is attributed to an injury to the hip or some part of the rear of the body, which causes a deformity. Examine a nd, f,ou wl" ,usua"y 0. we thjnk. that it ls a deformity of-some part of the body, usually of the hip, that causes it. It has been argued that such deformities are caused by over crowding in the brooder or being crowded into a cramped position for several hours when the bones are soft and plastic. This, however, ls theory only. Kerosene In the Poultry Yard. For birds which have scaly legs, sponging the legs with a saturate solu tion of crude naphthalene flakes In kerosene Is good. Be careful not to get any cu the soft parts and do not allow the birds to go to roost immediately after treating them. This mixture will blister if it gets on the soft flesh. . To clean, combs and wattles wash with good white soap and hot water. Then rub hi a very little vaseline or fresh butter. Do not get on too much greasa, ax It trUl collect dust and dirt. Giv the Chicks Shades Provide shad tn both the poultry yards and: th chick runs. If nothing- better eao. be asonteuV erect canopies erteah&. These can.be made oat of old bogging. It property protected ami cfflitly- ri e&icas grow tapuuy aurtnj- cue wtMthMC. as taejf can. gtrhfr many Leaky BarreJa mm Cnpm. rf bartuDr chat ax luk am chart afile ta,Ha: wi " "Uulinlfc r aoma oc&as- tftttt wtffi &HO attt tttiln. A. aft3P BrrE wax auht tS The Growing of Apples Is Now a Very Important Industry.. The growing of apples in the Owrks has within comparatively recent years become a very important Industry, and in that region are to be found some of the largest apple orchards of the country, in some- instances covering from 500 to 1,000 acres. As a rule, however, the orchards are much smaller, ranging from 40 to 100 - . acres. . Principal Commercial Varieties. twenty-two .hens fed mash wet with The principal commercial varieties water. In another test sixty hens fed grown, as given by the bureau of plant the sklm milk ration ,laid 802 eggs in industry, are Ben Davis, Gano, Jona- thirty-seven days as compared wjth than and Winesap, the Ben Davis and 632 eggs laid by a similar lot fed- no Kano varieties predominating. Trees sklm milk. Other tests gave about are generally planted about thirty feet the-" same comparative results. The apart and come into bearing early, conductors of these experiments esti usnally in from six tov eight years, mate that under the prevailing condi Growth is fairly vigorous; but trees tions and with eggs selling for 20 or do not as a rule reach large size, in 25 cents per dozen the skim milk used ;art due to their early bearing. Many for moistening the mash had a feed orchards have not had adequate "cul- Ing value of.froni 1 to 2 cents per tivation, but have been permitted to juart That milk is one of the best grow up in shrubs, weeds and briers, general foods for almost all stock and The effect of this neglect was generally Auman beings, tooj Is recognized by apparent during 1906, the crops in neg- everybody and needs no special proof, lected orchards being very Might or That it should have better results in there being no crop, whereas in well nutrition than just plain water Is real cared for orchards the yield has in- ly self evident When I feed skim variably been good. ' . milk to my fowls, I do expect to get ' Diseases and Insects. some benefit from it. But it is a As a rule sufficient attention has not satisfaction to know that it Is worth, been given to the control of diseases for feeding purposes, the comparative-. and insects, and under such conditions ly high figure of 1 or 2 cents a quart these have become quite abundant and At the Ontario experimental farm destructive. While numerous orchard- some tests of the value of sklm roilk, !sts have supplied themselves with whey, etc., as an addition to grains spraying outfits and have sprayed their 'or fattening poultry have recently trees, many very soon abandoned the been conducted. - From a summary of practice, not having secured satisfac- data on the relative value of whey, tory results. The principal difficulty skim milk and numerous feds for fat appears to have been lack of informa- tenlng chickens it appears that gain tion concerning the troubles to be con- was most cheaply made on a mixture trolled and failure to comprehend what constitutes thorough spraying. LATE CABBAGE. , ' , ' ..' Strong Stocky Plants That May Be Set In Midsummer. Strong, stocky plants may be set in the latter part of July or early in Au- gust in . the latitude of Philadelphia. The only variety of the Savoy type uiiii. seems wen nuaineu 10 our cu- mate is the Perfection Drumhead Sa- voy. The delicate flavored European yarieties only reach their best develop- ment in a cool climate. The dominant market type of cab- bage In America is the Flat Dutch or Drumhead, of which there are several I DBOMEE4D SAVOY CABBAGE. strains that represent a better quality than the average. For pickling, slaw or even for making sauerkraut the small, hard, round, red cabbage- is valued in some sections. In cool lo cations the Danish Ballhead Is grown for its splendid keeping qualities, but I have always considered it of inferior quality, says a writer in the Garden Magazine. Of the dark red sorts the small, hard Red Dutch is the most popular. Large Flocks of Fowls. So many who have excellent success with a few fowls meet with failure when they increase their numbers, and they are at a loss to know the reason, remarks a writer in Iowa Homestead. Generally they . fail to increase their accommodations in proportion to the increase in the flock." They fail to rec ognize the fact that large flocks are difficult to feed, so that each individ ual may secure its allotted share; that various ailments have to be guarded against where large flocks are kept that are comparatively unknown among moderate sized flocks; that large flocks require much attention. Dry Farming. , The conquest of the arid west, to be successful and to be accomplished without large and costly failures, mnst be made slowly and by the careful ap plication of definitely ascertained facts. The boundaries of existing settlements may be gradually extended, but any wholesale attempt to colonize large areas of this arid land with people ac customed to farming only in humid re gions or not accustomed to farming at all is almost certain to result in dis astrous failure. Carl S. Scofield. The Corn Leaf Aphis. ' The corn leaf aphis is bluish green hi color. It appears on corn through out the middle west early in July about the time that the root aphis be gins to decrease In numbers on the roots sometimes literally swarmlnff on the- leaves, husks ami tassels. Here it gives birth to- its young- and disappears ffonx the plants only as these- ripen anil become dry-, some Individuals eves remaining- among: the hnsks of belated ears until freesinjf weather sills- them entrhjht. Pndllai-tK be Kanss. - -Ni- - We fljiif that at. the? Kansas; expert ' IU- trouble or use? onfc cio ver aadl ear: manf station: St tukos practically Ony i lalfalfat Cbesiss. whufc aejUKin ti mainrer a; crnri of: seed If. It may B prasHfile- lit tfiiff cllmafle (! Trie: Taluaijie; Trsn: Wostt. m memlTlariu; for hay twths-during avi Th BidhstriuiuE Eat ttrml?" Beilferas awnsm. EtnrorBTi. nuini the- mqjwi-; 0x79 .bflTTwE t&stt ft. Oe experiments Show That It Is a V afaM able Ration For. Fowls. A writer In the American Poultry AdTOcate has the following to sav o toe value of sklm milk as a partial jon for fowls: Tne west Virginia experiment sta- Uoa nas recently made some sys- tematlc tests to prove the valu of klm mllk for iaylng nens. Tne first - test covered 122 davs. The twentv-V two nens fed gkjm mUk laid j 044 eggs : as compared with 906 eggs laid by the of equal-parts of cornmeal, oatmeal and Bhorts mixed with whey, the cost being 4 cents per pound, and was most expensive (G Cents per pound) on a mixture of equal parts of cornmeal. shorts and oatmeal, with 30 per cent of pork gcrapi water being use(J to wet up the ration. It was found that sour 6klm miu- (mllk tnat ls thickened) is thout doubt the best liquid to mix .lt-h -aln rations where a uniform pr0(iuct is -wanted and more so where i -hite fleshed chickens are In demand; also tnat sweet skim milk has not so nlgn a feeding value for grown chick- eng ag sour milk and that whey is a better food than is generally consld- ered It seems to aid digestion. . Liquid Lice Killers. I As a general rule, the commercial , liquid lice killers are more dependable and satisfactory than homemade kero sene mixtures. However, the follow ing combinations will be found reliable ' if carefully used: A saturate solution of crude naphthalene flakes in kero I sene, made by dissolving in kerosene all it will take up of crude naphtha lene flakes, makes an effective lice paint and is a good remedy for scaly leg. Two fluid ounces of any coal tar disinfecting liquid mixed with a gal lon of kerosene is an effective lice paint for destroying red mites and coorf lice. Either of these preparations used as a liquid lice paint about the roosts and dropping boards should be applied Jn the forenoon or before the middle of the day, so that they will thoroughly dry into the woodwork be fore the fowls go to roost Preparing Broilers For Market. A fat broiler is quite a rarityv The best that can be done In general is to have them plump, for the natural tend ency of the chick is to -use all nutri ment for growth and development. When the birds are nearly large enough for the market, they should be given all the fattening feed they will eat, and for this purpose corn in va rious forms should be fed freely. They wlll digest more feed 'if fed ground than if whole or cracked. A moistened mash consisting of about two-thirds cornmeal and one-third bran by bulk Is good. Cooked potatoes are good, and milk, with a little sugar added, will hasten fattening.. ' Liver Trouble In Fowls. When a few hens in a flock show symptoms of advanced stages of liver trouble, it is reasonable to conclude that others In the flock ate in the earlier stages. ' Give the flock a grass run if possible. If not, give green food liberally, avoid the excessive -use of corn, and try to secure a consider able amount of exercise for the fowls. This is best accomplished for fowls in confinement by feeding the grain in Utter and feeding rather sparingly at first This reduction of diet should not be continued too long. If it is, the birds become weakened and reduced in flesh. " The Feather of the Hen. The shaft of the 'feather is the stem of the feather, that part which is filled with pith and which bears the barbs. The barbs are the side branches of th feather. Shafting means that the-shaft of the plumed portion of the feather is either lighter or darker than the web of the feather. The web of the feather Is the flat or plumed portion of the feather made up of a series of barbs on either side of the shaft. Fattening Crates. Fattening- crates are- made- with slat bottoms. The- lejr weakness of chick ens confined in. crates? la- often, due- to the ration being- tov one aided. A little; ane- meal, or granulated! raw hone atit !- ."d to the- mash, will: nsnallvr nrevent Suit tfiff- rrart- neatt lie ame at tti srefftl- U es StpwrtirgF within: teach: sC at jb" Shrinkage of the Fortune the Inventor '; Had In His JMind. At last, says a writer in the New York Evening Sun; John, the in ventor,; received his letters patent. "That . night he burst in npon his wife.- "I've got it!" he cried. "Got what?" - "'Got what!' Why, got our fortunes !'' - "Dinner's ready," said she, whereupon John frowned. "Jane," he said as soon as he could get his mouth full, "do you know that every -railroad in this country will buy millions of dollars' worth ?" , "Have another piece of bread, John." - ' J.;: "Millions, Jane,' millions! - And it's practically all profit." "ell, we shall not be disappoint ed anyway, shall we, John?" - - v "Disappointed ! Can't you do any-, thing bat sit there and throw cold water? - Here I've been slaving for more than a year on it, and this is all I get. ; Disappointed!" "Of course thejll buy it!" cried Jane. .' "You'll think so when you see the millions pouring in, when you see the automobile coming around to the door one of those big ones you'll think so then. A house at the. seashore and a private yacht. Ah, that's the way to live P' said J ohn. -. " Then he went to bed, for he wish ed to get up early so that he could sell his patent and have his money coming in without an hour's delay. "It takes time," said John. "I've got a week off from-the office so I can put in all my time at it. Oh, it's a tremendous thing! Why, take the railroads alone. They could buy a million dollars' worth." - "Each of them," assented Jane. , "K-o, all oj them together. The automobile's coming, Jane." But big things move slowly. At the end of the week John gave up his job so that he could have all his time for the patent. Every-morning he hurried out with hope strong in his heart.' "I never knew those big automo biles were so much trouble," he said one night. "Now, you take a little one" "John," said Jane, "I've always wanted a little one." The next night he was tired and went to sleep in his chair. Just be fore bedtime he blinked his eyes and said : "I don't know but a team of horses would be better than an auto." "John," said Jane, "I've always had my mind set on a horse." "Well, ou shall have a team." "I'll be tickled to death with one." "I said you should have a team!" snapped John. But a week later he was sorry he spoke crossly, for he said: . "Of course, Jane, if you'd rather have one horse than a team" "Oh, much rather !" cried Jane. " Another month passed. One even ing Jane said : . "The milk bill came today, John $12." "Twelve dollars!" said John in a tone of a weary man to whom $12 is a stranger, and then he added, with a wistful look : ' "I wish we had a cow." Salt of , the Earth. In olden days salt was the em blem of purity and incorruption. It was supposed to have a sanctify ing influence. Christ called his dis ciples the salt""of the earth. Salt was such a serious matter that God gave the kingdom to David by a covenant of salt. The Eoman sol diers were required to take a part of their wages in salt, which was as good as coin of the realm. Among the Arabs to eat a man's salt is to partake, of his hospitality, and it forms a saered bond between host and guest. You know many a man who "is not worth his salt," and many another who couldn't "earn enough for his soup." A man "true to his salf is faithful to his em ployer. And he who "sits above the salt" is always in a place of dis tinction. New York Press. Doctor and Hearse. A Washington physician was re cently walking on Connecticut ave nue with his five-year-old sonr when they were obliged to stop at a side street to await the passing of a fu neral procession. The youngster had never seen anything of the IrincL His eyes- wid ened. Pointing to- the hearse, he said, "Dadr' what's that?" "Thaty my son" said the physi cian with a. grim, smile,, "is a mis taken diagnosis Washington Stari A M odern" Jacobs "The ease; of Jacob-- sometiines Easr at modern. tiaralleL. H knew man: once- wua served- flv years? feur Inse awond- -mt&.-"TFar mmantie:!-" "SSffc art- rKTirtriirFii 'v foTnftntiis. 2fe married; ia seeaardL-in' wirSiravtt geH c&mjxs: fkcm: t3i 3rsC so Says Oregon Development League - : Tne Cheap Rates On. The colonist teles are agreed upon by all the railroads in the United States and Canada and are controlled by the trans continental Passenger Association, aDd Oregonians mast bear in mind that the home-maker is being invited on similar rates to Canada, California, Washington, Texas, Georgia, Oklahoma and other States, and the state and community to which he will bay his ticket is the one that convinces him in advance that tbeiF partii-nlar spot on this great earth is the one in which he should live.We have only one month leit befote the sale, be. gins. - tiet together from 10 to 25 active citi zens, raise a little fund for the publica tion of a small leaflet giviug the import ant facts relative to your community, along with these rates, and have the leaflet so light that it nould not add to the cost of postage of a letter, and have a copy put in every letter written by busi ness man or citizen. Get your commercial body, or eon.e one ot your business men to offer a prize to the bovs and girls who will write tl e greatest number of letters, or will get actual results in ..bringing another family into the community. The work of advertising these colonist rates is up to each community aDd each individual. If we could add a hundred thousand to the population of Oregon in the next year it would mean many mil. lions of dollars of additional wealth to the state. The school population of one district in Tillamook county was doubled in six months through the correspondence of the pupils. Corvahis caused the sale ol $600,000 worth of land through adyertis jng in well-knwon agricultural papers in the older states.. The Oregon Develop ment League received over 16,000 in quiries from people wanting to know about Oregon farming lands. There is an intense desire to come to the Pacific Northwest cn- the part of tie people of the United States and this ia particularly true of Oregon. . Make it intensely true of your community. See your local agent and find ont the exact rate. Get more particulars-post others put up attractive notices in the postoffice and in ether public places get the new-comers to write to their old home papers, and for the eighty prizes, or a total of 15000, offered by the Fort land Commercial Club. " Nothing means aa much to Oregon a the colonist rates, and when you read this remember that there is only one month in which to get in advance work. Never mind the heat. Don't allow that lazy feeling to keep you from doing your duty. The new home-maker may buy something yon want to sell. Cats of Other Days. The lot of the average twentieth century cat does not compare favor ably with that of its ancestors Everybody knows that the early Egyptians held the cat sacred, and any one injuring a sacred animal was liable to severe punishment. Among the ancient laws of Wales was a statute which prohibited the slaughter of a cat under a curious penalty. The owner of the slaugh tered animal held it by the tip of the tail with its nose touching the floor, and the slayer had to give him, by way of compensation, as much wheat as would bury the entire ani mal out of sight. The grain was supposed to represent the amount that the owner would lose through the depredations of vermin by being deprived of the cat. Saxony, Swit zerland and other European coun tries also had laws enacted for the protection of cats, which were re garded of economic value. Lost and Won at Shiloh. Many an amusing incident of army life is given in Lew Wallace's autobiography. For example, he writes thus of a tented "paradise" which was lost and won at the bat tle of Shiloh: "Within our lines there was a drinking tent on which' was written Taradise.' It was taken by the Confederates in the first day's fight, and the victors wrote beneath its name 'Lost By Beau regard's order all camp furniture was left intact, as he expected to possess the whole field in the mor row's engagement. The "Union army recovered their ground by the second day's battle, the pleasure tent was retaken, and to the two names was added the word Uev gained,"'.., Household Hintsv Add & pinch of soda- ia water m which- fresh; cut flower are put and tlier will keep longer.. 1 Do- not stretch table linen, ht iron- whil dampv and' press unfit quite; dryyj etherwise; it- will be too limp ittl- rh' Knscedl ait JulSoedS Ufjeai sttwpip wilt prevent it suettrrg:. Uw'effi3iplacwitki' tfo tilacliiSigJ' anrfi rjeliahV T-ftgfl i na bettetf filling: fat Txeed gad! uiai eashirfris thatP ou uuiii toi aurcunm. m a Ensua; img trgmmii Or TTrailirtfci fi T'"' TrTrt"