APPLE BLOTCH.
. In Extreme Cases a Crock Ma Almost
Encircle the Fruit.
Apple blotch first appears on the sur
face of the apple as a small irregular
brown spot, which slowly increases In
size until after several weeks it reaches
one-fourth to one-half inch "in diame
ter, r: - : ' '
Several blotches may occur on the
lame fruit, and in the Ozarks din-ins
the past season it was not unconiinon
to find twenty to fifty blotches on a
single apple, covering practically the
entire surface. The tissues of the in-
MAJDE5J BlitTSH APPf.3.
fThe fruit shows effects of apple blotch.
vaded area being dwarfed by the ac
tion of the fungus, further growth of
the apple results in a cracking of the
fruit similar to that produced by the
, apple scab fungus. The cracks range
from one-fourth to one inch In length
and frequently extend almost tothe
center of the apple.
In extreme eases a crack may almost
encircle the apple, practically dividing
it in half, and one crack may intersect
another, forming a cross. Bruits only
slightly affected with the disease may
go through the season without devel
oping cracks. These are more com
monly developed shortly before the
fruit matures, though a few may occur
earlier in the season. The skin being
' thus broken, the fruit becomes an easy
prey to other fungi and soon goes
down in decay. As a role, the affected
fruit drops prematurely, and the un
eprayed Ben Davis trees left as checks
In the demonstration blocks at Benton
ville, Ark., shed 50 per cent of their
crop some days before picking time.
Infection does not begin to take place
until the fruit is nearly half grown.
The blotch was first observed on the
check trees June 2G, and only a few
affected fruits could be found on that
date. On July 16 a large percentage of
the Ben Davis apples was affected, and
by the middle f August it was clearly
seen that the srop was practically lost.
It developed first on fruit on the lower
branches and within the shaded por
tions of the tree, but finally spread to
almost the entire crop. W. M. Scott
i Best Cows Are Cheapest.
The high priced cow is not so ex
pensive as she seems in view of what
she produces. The average cow pro
duces milk or butter to the value of
$52.C0, and she costs $31 a year, reck
oning that the manure she produces
offsets the care given her. This shows
that the cow does not do a great deal
toward raising the mortgage on the
farm. Assuming that it costs no more
to keep a good cow than a poor one,
the figures will show that the good
cow is relatively cheaper. The aver
age cow will produce 5,000 pounds of
milk a year, while a choice cow will
produce as high as 10,000, meaning a
profit of ?223 against the almost even
balance sheet of the average cow,
while rieterje II., a Holstein, has a
record of 30,000 pounds of milk a
year, which would make a profit of
$1,0Ti0. Professor Cooley in American
Cultivator.
Great Thing For Fruit Growers.
It would lie a great thing for fruit
growing if the market would distin
guish sharply between apples for dif
ferent purposes. Apples that are not
recommendable for dessert may still
be very useful for many other pur
poses. It is not so much a question
of not growing apples of different
grades of quality as of finding the
proper uses for these grades. J think
it Is a mistake at the present time
to recommend that certain" apples be
not grown merely because they are
not of high eating quality. 1 H. Bai
ley in Rural New Yorker.
Drinking Dish Protector.
A drinkiug dish protector in the portf
try yard is the next best thing to a
drinkiug fountain for keeping water
clean. The dish
should be of
crockery so as to
be lasting. The
protector Illus
trated herewith
is described by
Orange Judd
Farmer us being
DISH riiOTEC-lOK.
made of two one
foot squares of board. One Is sawed
cross diagonally -and the other nailed
to the two triangular pieces this
formed.
The Shorthorns.
Terhaps the best claim to the qualifi
cations of the two purpose breed is
possessed by the Shorthorn. As is well
known, there are two distinct types,
one which is fair in miik production,
but excellent in beef, and another tol
erably good iu beef, but valued most
' or heavy milking qualities. In this
country the beef type is more com
iixa, while in English dairy sections
the Shorthorn dairy strains are very
prominent. American Cultivator.
BROME GRASS.
It 6ows In Dense Clumps and Spreads
With Rapidity.
Bromus Inermis is a perennial grass,
growing in dense clumps and spread
ing rapidly by underground stems or
root stocks. . . -,. " ' ' .
Land "broken ..this spring and sowed
to cane, Kaffir corn or corn will make
an ideal seed bed for grass next year
by thorough disking and harrowing,
writes a western man in Kansas Farm
er. , During the first year the .grass
makes but little growth above the
ground and should be kept from "being
smothered by weeds by clipping with
a mower until the 1st of July, when
the weeds may be let grow for a win
ter cover and to catch the snow.
Brorue grass starts very early in the
spring, from one to two months before
buffalo grass, and therefore is a great
aid to the cattle and, other stock, as it
comes at a time when iiey need it
most. . '. '
Its Dense Root System.
Owing to its dense root "system
brome grass becomes spd bound in
from three to five years. This can be
remedied by severe disking every
spring after the second year and har
rowing with a. tooth harrow. Owift;
to the fact that Bromus secalinus, or
common cheat seed, is often found
mixed with Bromus. inermis or sold as
Bromus inermus seed it would be well
for parties contemplating the sowing
of brome grass to secure a sample of
the seed and have it examined by some
one familiar with the grass. No relia
ble seed house sends out adulterated
seed knowingly, and it is my opinion
that the trouble frequently arises from
the farmer sowing the grass on land
already infested with cheat
TOMATO INDUSTRY.
Some Varieties That Are Grown With
Great Success,
This exhibit of tomatoes, shown ,at
the 1900 Illinois fair, was remarkable
for uniformity of size and color. The
meat was tender, yet firm. The plants
were grown in a cold frame, and were
transplanted to the open garden about
May, cultivated carefully and tied to
stakes. The yield was satisfactory in
every way. For central Illinois, Acme,
PBIZE TOMATOES.
Livingston, Prizetaker, Perfection and
Paragon do well, says American Agri
culturist. .
In the same journal Professor B.; L.
Watts writes of the tomato industry in
Maryland as follows:
"Tomatoes are grown very extensive
ly in Maryland. Thousands of tons
are used by the canning factories, local
markets are well supplied and a large
quantity is shipped to northern mar
kets. The industry is most important
in the Eastern Shore counties, but it is
by no means restricted to this section.
Thousands of acres of sandy and grav
elly loams in different parts of the
state produce the finest tomatoes. Cli
matic conditions are particularly favor
able for this vegetable. The seasons
are sutlieieutly long to sow the seed in
the open ground and have plenty of
time, for the crop to ripen before severe
frosts occur in the fall. Many varie
ties are grown for canning factories.
The old standard Stone has numerous
friends; the Greater Baltimore, the
heaviest yielder at the Maryland sta
tion, is successful on many farms. The
I X L is well spoken of by many
gardeners, and a large number of other
varieties are grown to a less extent.
Bagging Grapes.
If ordinary bags are put on before
spores of the rot fungus have found
lodging upon the berries, the latter will
be as safe inside as they would be if
the bags were soaked in a copper solu
tion. Yet we cannot expect good fruit,
especially of best quality, if the foliage
is not perfect says an authority on the
subject. It is just as necessary to pro
tect the foliage from disease as the
fruit; hence we do not see how bagging
can entirely take the place of spraying.
Rib Plantain In Iowa.
Rib grass or rib plantain, found in
ninety-eight samples of red clover seedj
is a weed that is of comparatively re
cent introduction Into Iowa, but the
numerous specimens sent the Iowa
station for identificatien during the
past year would indicate that they are
very rapidly "Spreading over the state.
Big Pea Garden.
An agricultural novelty which shows
the magnitude of American operations
is a big pea garden in Colorado. At
this place there are 3,000 acres of peas.
At a central point there is a large can
nery, and from this plant it is four
miles to the farthest points of the gar
den. Gardening;. ....
Shipping Lettuce. -The
tet shlppinsr carrier for lettuce
i3 the veneer basket As lettuce is
light hi weight compared with most
truck, the one-half barrel size of bas-'
ket seems to be most in favor. W. N.
Hurt J
Iffii- ' "aw
OVERCROWDING.
of the Greatest Evil In the Ri
. ing of Domestic Poultry.
Jhere are many poultry keepers who
provide their fowls with a large "enough
house, but have only sufficient land to
.accommodate half or a quarter the
number of fowls that are crowded on
to it, while I have seen scores of cases
where both houses and runs wrere of
astonishingly ; small dimensions la
fact so 'small that the idea of keeping
poultry in them was absurd, writes
George Scott "of Pudsey, " Yorkshire,
England, in American Poultry Journal!
Now, it is impossible to state any
hard and fast rules as rega-rds the size
of a poultry house or run requisite for
a certain number of fowls, but it may
b roughly stated that in building a
fowihouse about five square feet of
floor space should be allowed for every
adult fowl. This estimate is liable to
rao'ljfications, according to the size of
the fowls and the height of the house.
In the open fronted .or fresh air type
of poultry house half this amount of
Boor space will be sufficient for each
fowl. . . , . : '
In all cases it is advisable to give
fowls as much liberty as possible, for
they are never at their best when kept
In confinement In many cases, how
ever, this course is inadmissible, and
under these circumstances at least
fifty square feet of ground should be
allowed for each fowl, and a breed
should be kept which Is best able to
stand confinement, for the varieties
differ considerably in this respect Of
course it is essential for fowls to be
confined during the breeding season
and, provided the ". runs are large
enough or the number of fowls in each
run small enough, all will be well, but
it is the packing and jamming of a
large number of fowls into a small run
that works such havoc among the
birds and their progeny, overcrowding
being responsible for more than half
the diseases to which poultry are sub
ject. ' ! ",'..':..
' ' " ' " J-
Partridge., Plymouth Rock Hen.
The cut herewith shows the female
of a . new variety which, unless all
signs fail, is destined to become very
popular. It is the Partridge Plymouth
Rock. This variety of sthe Rock Is
just the same in every respect as the
Barred variety, ' excepting that the
feathers have the markings of the
Partridge Cochin, which many persons
contend is the most beautiful plumage
seen on any domestic fowls.
A Rat Exterminator.
A subscriber of Reliable , Poultry
Journal suggests the following to rid
the premises of rats: Make a small tin
trough closed at one end. Insert this
trough, closed end first in the rat hole,
leaving the other end exposed. Pour
about a teaspoonf ul of chloride of sul
phur or sulphuric acid into the trough,
then three or four teaspoonfuls of am
monia water and stop the hole up with
a rag or anything that is' convenient
Await results with a stick. The rats
will run out of the hole in about ten
seconds after the operation in a very
tired condition. They are easily killed,
as they cannot run either fast or far
after the dose.
The Weight of a Quart of Feed.
According to figures furnished by the
Connecticut experiment station, the
weight of one quart of feed is as fol
lows: .
Founds.
Cottonseed meal 1.5
Linseed meal, old process 1.1
Gluten meal 1.7
Wheat bran, coarse 0.5
Gluten feed... 1.2
Wheat middlings, coarse 0.8
Wheat middlings, fine , 1.1
Mixed wheat feed. 0.6
Cornmeal l.S
Oats 1.2
Rye bran 0.6
White Feathers In Brown Leghorns.
The subject of white feathers in
Brown Leghorns is quite an exhaustive
one. There are many reasons -for it
besides heredity. It often occurs when
the parent stock showed no trace of it
The appearance of white Is no sign of
impurity, but it is a very objectionable
feature, as it is a disqualification ac
cording to the Standard of Perfection.
The fact that chicks show white does
not indicate that they will when ma
ture have white feathers, though they
may. .-.-"."
Egg Eating Hens.
Egg eating is one of the worst habits
tliat fowls can acquire, and it is al
most impossible to break them of It
This habit is generally acquired during
the winter or early spring and is due
to close confinement and lack of -something
else to do. Where fowls are kept
busy continuously this habit is nn-v
known". All nests should be placed as
much in the dark as possible and
plenty of china nest eggs supplied. !
Food For Ducklings.
Stale bread moistened and mixed
with sand makes a good food for
young ducks. Cornmeal can also be
given.
After three or four weeks they
can be fed cracked corn.
Animal food
Is not absolutely neeessarv. alrJiowrh a
certain amount will assist the growth. j
WAYS OF SAVING WASTE. .
Skimming River For a Living Fisher-
; . ' men Who Net Corks.
Skimming a river for a living may
. be said, to be one of the most strik
ing examples of the utilization of
. waste. This is done in Paris. There
is one individual "at least in the
Freneh capital '"who makes it his
daily business to skim the Seine.
He is out at early .morning in an
" old flat bottomed boat, armed with
a skimming pan. With this he'
skims off the surface of the river
tho grease which collects there dur
ing the night and which he disposes
of to a soap factory.. Generally he
makes a quarter or so by his mora- '
; in g's work, ' which enables him to
; live. ' ",:::..:": ;? ',:-:-f' .'
f ' In Paris, says the Chicago Trib
june,also there are a number of peo
f pie who make a living out of waste ,
I corks, which they fish from the
Seine. : They., collect on the river
j bank at daj'break, each with a -short
i pole, at the end of which is a small
net. They set to work to gather in
the floatihsc corks, subsequently sell
i in oi them to the cork merchants in
the neighborhood.
There are about a score or so of
these cork' fishermen, who have
formed themselves into ' a sort of
craft and who guard their interests
jealously. :' If they catch sight of a
stranger netting corks they fall on
him in a body. Only recently the
police rescued one of these novices
barely in time to save his life.
The sweepings of fa floor might
well be considered as so much waste.
Yet through a fire in London the
Other day, which consumed a quan
tity of sweepings stored in the base
ment, a certain firm lost several
thousand dollars. The heap of dust
and rubbish contained silver filings,
which it was intended to extract
later on. . ' .
This is done , regularly at all
works where silver -or gold is used.
In gold refiners' premises even the
soot in the chimneys is not allowed
to be treated as waste. It is found
to contain minute particles of the
precious metal, which are far too
valuable to be lost. -
In places where sheep are bred
extensively one frequently sees lit
tle bits of wool adhering to briers
and hedges. These are no longer
regarded as waste. From such wool
rubbish, whether coming from sheep
or goats, valuable oil is now ex
tracted. Cogitation. ;
The gentlemen of the bar, who
not infrequently have to take re
bukes from the bench, greatly enjoy
a chance to make a legitimate retort'
against the court. The story is told
that a certain judge who during the
plea of a rather prosy lawyer could
not refrain from gently nodding his
head in sleep was caught at this by
the lawyer, who looked significantly
at him. :-
"Perhaps," said the judge testily
and prevaricatingly, "the counsel
thinks the court was asleep, but he
may be assured that the court was
merely cogitating."
The lawyer talked on. Presently
the judge, again overcome by his
somnolency, nodded off and aroused
himself with a little sudden snort
ing snore.
"If it please rour honor," said
the lawyer, "I will suspend my plea
until the court shall have ceased to
cogitate audibly."
"You may go on," said the judge,
and he did not fall asleep again.
A Great Awakening.
"Iiichard, why do you wish- to
stay ai home this evening? You
promised that when we were mar
ried you would go to church with
me every Sunday evening."
"Well, my dear, I have been keep
ing 'my word."
"But this is only the third Sun
day. I think you ought to tell me
frankly why you do not wish to go.
Is it that you have ceased to love
me so soon?"
"No, Susan, it isn't that at alL
The fact is, I .can't stand your favor
ite, preacher; he is too dull for me."
"Too dull, Eichard? . Why, the
reverend gentleman is regarded as a
great revivalist !"
"H'm, yes, I have noticed that
there is always a great awakening
after his sermon !"
Then she began to cry, and he
had to fo to pacify her. Pearson's
Weekly.
Disraeli as a Real Humorist.
Disraeli's absorption in politics,
which never quite destroyed his love
of literature, is, of course, familiar
to the most superficial student of
his singular career. His "profound
contempt for frivolity" referred to
by Lady Dorothy K" evill in her
"Eeminiscences" strikes those who
knew him as absolutely true. Dis-.
raeli, it must be remembered, was'
a real humorist, and in nine cases
out of ten a real humorist despises
flippancy. He . was also, like many
humorists, -a melancholy man, iso
lated from his fellows, leading an
inner life, of which glimpsei may
be iwu in his biography tf Lord
George Bentinck.,
finding . s
miss filson
By NORA BAYNE.
Copyrighted, 1807, by C. H. Sutoliffe. ;H
"Find Miss Filson," directed the
;"old man," and Andy Brant, with a
prompt and respectful "Yes. sir,"
tucked the letter into his pocket and
finished adding the column of figures
, upon which he had been worting.
Had Lowell & Lowell told him to go
out and find the north pole. Andy
would have replied iu precisely the
same tone and Would have started on
the trip in precisely, the same spirit.
; Nominally the assistant bookkeeper,
Andy -.Brant was the general utility
man. It was he who had given first
aid to the injured water pipe with a
piece of rubber overshoe and some ad
hesive tape from his bicycle kit and
who had treated the office cat when
It had fits.-
But - the " present quest was not so
promising. A correspondent had asked
that his daughter be located. "We
knoSv that she was to have gone to the
Y. W. C. A.," wrote the westerner. "No
doubt .it will be e(isy to locate her."
Andy grinned as he replaced the let
ter in his pocket a started for the
association oflice.
The elderly woman In charge was
willing to tell what little she knew
"I'M FBANCES ELIZABETH FILSON," SHE
EXPLAINED.
when Andy showed his letter as au
thority. Miss Filson had come to them
three months before, but had soon
moved to an address far uptown. She
smiled approvingly upon Andy as he
thanked her. She liked this clean
skinned, honest eyed young fellow, and
she even unbent so far as to venture
the hope that he would meet with suc
cess. Andy's answer was a grimace. Xoung
women had a trick of losing themselves
In New York. Miss Filson had left the
association three months before. It
was not likely that she could endure
life in one cheap boarding house for
that length of time. Most places were
endurable for less than a month.
His suspicions were verified when he
reached the uptown address. Miss Fil
son was dimly remembered by the rosy
cheeked servant girl who answered the
door. She stayed only two weeks and
departed on an express wagon, ex
plaining that she could not trust the
driver with the trunk. It was this in
cident and the fact that she did not
leave her new addressthat fixed her
more clearly in the girl's mind than
most of those who came and went
Andy interviewed express wagon
drivers in an increasing circle for the
remainder of the morning and wound
up so conveniently near his own board
ing place that he stopped in for lunch.
Mrs. LeDnon's establishment was dif
ferent from . the average New York
boarding house. Andy had lived there
for a year and still liked it. Now that
golden haired Bess Saunders had taken
up her residence there he was willing
to remain indefinitely. Andy was not
susceptible, but the first time Bess had
come into the stuffy dining room he had
fallen in love, so deeply iu love that
when she had lost her position as ste
nographer and could not pay her board
bills, unknewn to Bess, he had ar
ranged with Mrs. Lennon that he
would be responsible for the bills until
Bess found a new place, when the land
lady should reimburse him.
"Any luck?" he asked as he slipped
into his seat opposite the girl. She
shook her head. v ,
"Well, I have some good news for
you," he went on. "Our typewriter is
to be married week after nest She's
going to quit the job, and the 'old man'
says you may have it."
Bess clapped her hands delightedly,
and Andy beamed upon her.
"Let's celebrate," he suggested. "I've
got an order that I can't fill. Let's go
to the matinee, will you? Might as
well do that as tramp around town for
nothing."
Bess nodded, and Andy sat ' on the
front steps smoking a cigarette and
building air castles while' the girl
dressed. They had only cheap seats in
the rear of the balcony, but it was a
treat and occasionally Andy could feel
the slight pressure of the girl's arm
against his own, emphasizing her near
ness. He did not think much of the
vaudeville performance. What mat
tered the .accomplishments of the
trained seals and the toe dancer when
he could lean back with closed eyes
and conjure up visions of lfght house
keeping with Bess as the housekeeper!
He .-was earning enough salary for
two. -After all, she need not take that
place with Lowell & Lowell.
"Isn't that great?" asked Bess. Andy
roused himself with a start to observe
the accomplishments of a pair of acro
bats. .;..'."',;. - .'."'''. w '"'''-'. i -5
"Sure thing,"! he assented. . ; "I was
thinking of c something bigger and
greater." - "v' '
"What's that?" she demanded,
"I was thinking," he explained, "that
perhaps you "wouldn't need Miss Aus
tin's place in the olfice. What's the
matter with our getting married? We
could get a bit of a flat and live not
board." ' ;.' '-.'V. " .-''.v" V---
Andy's " voice made the dlstlnctlou
eloquent, and the girl's gray eyes grew.
."But you don't know anything about
me," she protested wistfully.
"I know you're the girl I want to
marry," he.insisted stoutly. "Mrs. Len
coii's known me for a year, and tha
'old man's' had me working for him
for three years. You can write to Brew
sterville and find out the rest about me
if you want to. I'm not from Mis
souri where, you're concerned."
There was a sudden darkness as the
lights Went out for the motion pictures,
and in the gloom a tiny hand sought
his and was quickly captured. .
"Is it yes?" he asked, his breath com
ing In sharp aspirations.
"I can't write back home," she said
softly. "But if you will take me as I
am, Andy, it's yes."
"There's nothing wrong," he declared
stoutly, "but if you were a shoplifter
I'd marry you just the same." Tho
audience was filing out before the last
pictures were thrown on the screen,
but he leaned over and kissed her.
"We're engaged," he declared, "but
you'll have to wait until Saturday for
the ring." :
The lights flashed on again, and un
willingly enough Andy gathered up
their belongings and prepared to Join
the departing crowd. , The boarding
place was but a short distance away,
and they decided upon walking. An
dy's feet touched the sidewalk, but he
felt as though he were in the clouds
that dotted the evening sky.
"I don't want you to think I've done
anything wrong," whispered Bess. "It
isn't that, dear. It's just that I have
no family and don't want ever to be
reminded of them. My father married
a second time, my stepmother and I
did not get along well, and I" ':
, -.Liit out," ne said. "I don't blame
you. Lots of girls won't put up with
a secondhand mother. I'm looking
for one this very minute that is, I'm
supposed to be," he added.
"That was what took you out of the
office this afternoon?"
"Yes. You see, her father buys goods
from us, and he wrote Lowell & Low
ell to look the girl up and tell her that
her near mother had decided to be
good and begged the girl to come
home. It's too far for him to come
and look for her In the busy season,
but we're to find her and ship her
back to Elton, O."
"Elton?", she echoed. "Andy, is his
name Filson?" . .
"Sure thing. Do you know her?"
"I'm Frances Elizabeth Filson," she
explained. "Saunders was' my own
mother's name."
"That let's me out" sighed Andy.
"Why, your father has seven different
kinds of money."
"But I am richer, for I have you,"
she whispered.
"Do you mean it? You still want to
marry me now you've won your father
back?" .
"You know I do," she said reproach
fully. -
"And to think," mused Andy, "that I
was cussing the old man for chasing
me out on such a fool job." "
Bess laughed. She knew what Andy
meant
The Tomb of Walter Scott.
In Dryburgh abbey, standing amonj
the ruins of the ancient choir, wfth the
afternoon sun shining upon it, we saw
the tomb of Walter Scott in St Mary's
aisle, A noble block of Aberdeen
granite marks the last resting place
of Sir Walter and Lady Scott. Tho
simple inscription records the dates of
birth and death of the husband and
wife. Here also . are the mortal re
mains o the novelist's children and of
his son-in-law and biographer, John
Gibson Lockhart, of whom Scott wrote t
affectionately, "Lockhart is Lockhart. i
to whom I can most willingly confide-.
the happiness of the daughter who
chose him and whom he has chosen." i
As w-e turned from the grave of
Walter Scott and wandered across the
now roofless and grass grown refectory
we l-ecalled his last connected words
to Lockhart: "My dear, be a good
man be virtuous be religious be a
good man; nothing else will give you
any comfort when you come to 116:
here." Book News.
The Change In Surgeons.
"The surgeon of the past was a huge,
coarse, red faced brute, a very terror."
said a surgeon of the present. "And no
wonder. What type of man but the
brute type could cut off legs or saw
through the skull while the patient,
perfectly conscious, howled and wept?
In the past surgery was barred to gen
tle and refined men. Whatever their
interest in anatomy, in medicine, they
shunned surgery. They could not en
dure to operate upbn a conscious sub
ject The advent of anaesthetics caused
the advent of new men into surgery.
Men of delicacy, of sympathy, of im
agination a higher type took the pro
fession up. That is why surgery Is
continually advancing now, whereas in
the past it stood dead, still." Cincin
nati Enquirer.
That Little Bill. '
Hwitt -1 always know what I am
going to get at my boarding house..
Jewett Why don't you pay it and
instead? New York