RAISING HOGS
FOR. MARKET.
Writing in American Cultivator on
his method of raising hogs for market,
J. P. Fletcher, the New York breeder,
ays:
'i always raise my own feeders. I get
better trod pigs. No one can afford to
buy pure breds for market, and yet no
pig -will fatten as profitably as one that
is well bred from mature stock. I am
more sure of healthy stock with pigs
that hare been raided in my own pens.
Then, too, it is cheaper to raise the
pigs than to buy.
The fcading should be begun as soon
&s the pigs will eat if it is to be done
for the largest profit. Keep the pigs
growing from the very start. They
have good sized pasture with excellent
grass. I keep theui on this until about
six or eight weeks before selling. All
this time I feed them well with slop
and dry corn, so when I turn them into
the yards they are well started in the
fattening process.
While they are in the yards I keep
Increasing the corn ration until the
hogs are getting all they will eat I
supplement this with a slop made from
some meal, such as ground corn, oats
or rye. This is mixed with skim milk
from thirty cows and what I can buy.
I find that a mixture of cornmeal, rye
and skim milk will make more growth
and the meal and milk fatten the hogs
faster, thus making pork cheaper than
When grain is used without milk or
milk without grain.
I regard skim milk as a valuable
part of the hog ration, worth at least
VICTORIA IjEE IX.
A fine Berkshire of the English type,
owned by an Indiana breeder.
80 cents per hundred pounds when
mixed with grain, either whole or
ground that Is, If a dollar's worth of
feed be used for hogs, 30 cents' worth,
or 100 pounds of skim milk, would
make the ration more valuable than if
the whole dollar was used for grain
with only water Instead of Skim milk.
This skim milk keeps the hog healthy
and therefore thrifty, preventing con
stipation and Its attending evils, espe
cially swine plague or hog cholera, the
dread of all farmers raising hogs. In
fact, I cannot recall a case of hog chol
era or other disease among hogs where
skim milk formed a good part of the
hog ration. I have In mind notably the
case of one of our neighbors who re
cently sold a nice, thrifty hog, weigh
ing some 400 pounds, fed and raised
Wholly on skim milk from his dairy,
which shows that we can make pork
ers equal to the best grain fed and
more healthy than those fed on grain
alone.
There is such a variation In results
of experiments conducted to ascertain
whether It is best to grind feed for
hogs that the Individual feeder Is left
to be his own judge and to ascertain
for himself whether It pays best to
grind the feed or to feed it whole. My
experience has been that young ani
mals will chew their feed better than
old ones and that almost any hog will
chew corn very well before It dries out.
While young hogs will chew dry corn
reasonably well, old ones are liable to
pass half the grains unbroken In their
voldings. Last year I undertook to
fatten a stag live years old, and the
corn got dry. He did not, from appear
ance, crack half the grains.
I am now fattening a sow about the
same age, and the same is true with
her. I am feeding her ground feed
now, however, and feel pretty sure
that It payj me to go, to the trouble
Of grinding it. If the grains are not
broken, It is a clear case that the an
imal will not get much benefit from the
feed, and when any considerable quan
tity of grains Is voided without chew-'l
lng by the animal it would seem to be
the best plan to have the feed ground.
Of course It will be some trouble and
cost to grind the feed, but if the ani
mals are not chewing their feed well
the extra trouble will be amply repaid
In extra grain from the same amount
of feed.
Milk For the Foal.
If the mare is required for light
work, the foal may get some new milk
from A cow. to which one needs add
a little sugar and water. The nearest
approach to mare's milk is brought
about by adding one part of water to
three parts of cow's milk and one or
two teaspoonfuls of white soft sugar
to a pint of the mixture. If the mare
Is sepnrated from the fsal for any
Jencrth of time, she should always be
milked out before again gaining ac
cess to the foal. The long secreted
milk in the udder is considered very
unwholesome food for the newly bom
animal. Farmer and Stockbreeder,
England.
When Ewes Refuse Nourishment.
Sometimes the cause of the ewe'
refusing her newborn nourishment is
Inflammation of the udder or extreme
soreness from some such cause. In
such cases that organ should be rv
Iletrd of part of its contents, as such
a course often leads to a reconcilia
tion between the dam and her offspring.
' THE FARM 'TELEPHONE., '
An Efficient Time Saver and a Means
of Protection.
Many persons who use the telephone
have all manner of mistaken ideas
about central and her work. "They
often say, for instance, that they know
better when central" tells them the line
Is busy or that nobody answers. In
fact, however, much the easiest thing
for the operator to do is to give you
the person called for if she can pos
sibly get him. By the time she has
found out that a line is busy, or that
a subscriber does not answer, central's
work is three-quarters done, and it is
simpler to finish the connection when
ever she can than tarn the switch on
your liue and report to you, remarks a
writer in American Cultivator. When
central tells you a person does not
answer, it is only after she has made
several unsuccessful attempts to get
him. Sometimes people forget to ring
off when they are through talking, and
that might keep a line waiting as ap
parently busy when it was really not
in use.
Convenient In Many Ways. .
Many stories are told of the ways in
which the telephone saves money for
the farmer, from protecting his crops
by giving him the government's daily
weather predictions to protecting his
profits by keeping him posted on prices
current. When some of the farm ma
chinery breaks down, the damaged part
can be replaced in a day by telephon
ing a supply house. If there is an ac
cident or sudden illness, a word from
the doctor over the wire may save a
life which could not wait unaided for
him to take a long drive. If fire threat
ens, the whole countryside is sum
moned in a few moments. Tramps and
marauders notoriously avoid places to
which the telephone wires lead.
EARLY CELERY.
Good Method of Obtaining a Crisp and
Tender Product.
Perhaps the most satisfactory way
of blanching early celery on a small
scale Is by means of ordinary farm
draintiles of about four inches Inside
diameter, placed over the plants after
they have become almost fully grown.
To facilitate the work of placing the
tiles over the plants some of the out
side leaves should be pulled away and
the main part of the plant loosely tied
together by means of a soft string or,
better, with what is known as paper
twine, being a string made by twisting
a strip of soft paper. This string will
CELEB V. IN DBAINTXLES.
lose Its strength as soon as it becomes
wet and will offer no resistance to the
further growth of the plant. The pres
ence of the tiles will cause the leaves
to draw up above the top of the tiles,
thereby forming a screen over the top
to shut out the light from the interior.
If the common unglazed tiles are used
the evaporation from their surface has
a tendency to keep the plant cool dur
ing the heat ot the day, and a very
crisp and tender product is the result
This method of blanching Is desirable
also on account of its cleanliness, as
celery treated in this way will need
very little washing before marketing.
W. R. Beattie.
The Codling Moth In Illinois.
While spraying for the first brood of
the codling moth is a common prac
tice among Illinois apple growers, very
few have as yet attempted to control
the second brood by spraying, and seri
ous damage often results from the
work of this late brood even In or:
chards which have been sprayed for
the first brood. In central Illinois the
first worms of the second brood enter
the apples about July 20, and most of
the-codling moth injuries apparent up-,
on winter apples at picking time are
due to the work of this brood. A seri
ous attack of the second brood is most
disheartening to the grower, for the
injury Is done after the apples have
attained considerable size and even
commenced to color, so that after the
crop Is apparently made a large per
centage of it may be ruined by the
worms.
Best Methods of Farming.
By the intelligenfc application of the
best methods of farming the area of
tillable and tilled land in the semiarid
country is being rapidly enlarged. It
means a great deal for the permanent
prosperity of the country. It means a
good deal more for the farmers and the .
landowners of the west Farm and
Ranch. I
'
Diseases of Parsnips.
Parsnips are subject to about the
same diseases as celery especially the
eaf blight Parsnip webworm injures
by eatmg; apply arsenical insecticide.
Parsnip leaf miner larva mines the
leaves; apply arsenical treatment ear-
1-. I. B. Symons
For Old Orchard Trees.
From now on liquid manure, when It
can be spared, is of great assistance to
old orchard trees, helping them to fin-
isn meir iruit ana produce plump tfuaa
for nejrt season. Gardenias. ... j
PIGEON POINTERS. !"
information Which Ought to Be Hels
fui to the Squab Raiser. - -
:Take little stock", in fhe- dealer who
tries to convince you that unmated
birds are as good as mated ones. V
Stock purchased should be tolerably
young and, above all, in thorough
health and condition. ' .. j
Undersized, delicate, -.- weakly hens
are the most disastrous scourge to the
squab producer's loft. -"
A squab makes great growth the first
twelve hours and after the third day
fitakes rapid progress. '
Ueduce the corn and increase the
quantity of wheat and peas, as these
wo grains are more nutritious and bet
tor for the growing of young birds. '
The time to market the squabs is Just
rhon they are ready to leave the nest.
They are then what pigeon men call
ri'e.
The American Stock Keeper advises
breading from birds with a well de
veloped breast and length of keel, for
this is where the epicure looks for the
cieat. Breed also from light skinned
birds, as the dark meated ones always
sell at a lower figure.
Pigeons cannot thrive long without
grit, and this is one of the chief rea
sons why people do not have success
in rearing birds.
Always keep a sharp lookout for ver
min, and promptly fight them. ... '.
Canker and scrofulous diseases are
more or less due to an impure state of
the blood,'' in which cases there should
be a thorough cleansing of the bowels.
The sick should be placed in separate
and dry coops, and salt added to the
drinking water.
Fat squabs cannot be produced by
overfeeding. This system induces the
old birds to put on fat, resulting in
lazy breeders and neglected youngsters.
Two handfuls of hemp to fifty pig
eons is about the right quantity in a
day's ration.
An English authority claims that a
pair of pigeons consumes on an aver
age a little more than a pint of grain
per week.
If squabs are killed before they fly
the flesh is white, but after that it
darkens, reducing the price in market
Birds bred from good foundation
stock will show their good qualities
for several generations to coma
Small, delicate hen pigeons cannot
produce squabs that weigh more than
seven pounds to the dozen.
"Going light" is a form of consump
tion. There are two kinds the quick
and the slow. For the first there Is
nothing to be done, but the latter case,
if taken in time, may be cured. When
molting Is the fault merely pulling
out the tail feathers will sometimes ef
fect a cure. -
Inbreeding Is the cause of most
cases of "going light" In the pigeon
loft
Poultry House With Scratching Shod;-
It requires no description to Show
the practical poultry raiser the valua
of the hen house one view of which 'Is
given herewith. There may be a thou
sand modifications of this general plan
for a home for poultry, but In the
main, if the best results are desired,
this scheme must be more or less close
ly adhered to.
Treatment of Roupy Fowls.
For roup fill a pail nearly full of wa
ter, add a teaspoonful of kerosene oil
and then dip the head of every ailing
bird. Do not take much time' to do
this just long enough to have the oil
penetrate the nostrils and throat Put
the birds that have any discharge from
nostrils or eyes by themselves. Keep
sick and well birds apart Add a few
drops of kerosene to every drinking
dish on the place and keep this up un
til no new-cases appear. Then clean
out every pen of dust, filth and cob
webs. Whitewash everything in sight
Disease Among Pigeons.
In reading about the diseases that
pigeon flesh Is heir to, it is no wonder
that a good many people are deterred
from embarking In ah enterprise where
such a handicap is against them, Poul
try Item truly observes. They would,
however, think differently if they
could be assured that pigeons naturally
are most vigorous, hardy and strong
birds. And when common sense and
regular and Intelligent management
are given them the question of disease
need be do stumbling block whatever.
Preparing Fattening Food.
Where soft food is used extensively
for fattening purposes the food Is heat
ed In large cast iron cook kettles hold
ing from 100 to 150 gallons. These
kettles are made specially for cooking
food for stock and are supplied by all
poultry supply and farm Implement
houses. A lot of food cooked in one of
these covered kettles will keep hot
ten t0 hours ter tte
nnder kette la out
A Good, but Neglected Breed.
The Kew England Poultry Journal
beUeves that the now neglected, though
once popular. Light,
Br&hm. wben properly handled Is one
nf mnBt nrnfitnh, hroa ,
a lot of folts who a
lth tha New En!rlfmd Tmilt t
with the New England Poultry Jour
nal.
No "Best Way" to Feed.
There Is no best way to feed the dif-
ferent breeds. Feed anything that will
produce results. Whole wheat oats and
barley aw good feeds for all varieties
of ponlirjr. . - - .
jjpfj j jl If nig y sS
THE, BREADFRUIT TREE.
Many Ways In Which This Strang
Tropical Plant Is Utilized.
The breadfruit tree is a native of
i southern Asia, the' West Indies, the
) south Pacifio- islands and the Indian
: archipelago. In appearance it re
j sembles somewhat the wild chest
nut. ' It grows to the height of forty
. or fifty feet and has dark green
j leaves, many- of them, two feet in
length, which are deeply divided
into pointed lobes.
Hidden among the great leaves
the breadfruit grows. It is nearly
spherical, often weighs four or morev
pounds and has a thick yellow rind.
This fruit is the -chief food of the
south sea islanders. : .They seldom
eat a meal without it. The eatable
part lies between the rind and the
core and when f ally ripe is yellow
and juicy. The fruit is better be
fore it lias fully matured, and the
natives gather it while the pulp is
white.
Before it is ready for table use it
must be roasted, when it looks like
wheat bread and is both palatable
and nutritious. Usually the fruit
is cut into three or four slices and
roasted or baked in an oven.
', . Frequently the people of a village
join in making a huge oven, in
which several hundred breadfruits
may be baked at one time. Thus
they are all supplied .with bread
without its costing any of them
much labor. Prepared in this way
the bread will keep for weeks.
The breadfruit is in season eight
months of the year. When the sea
son finally draws to a close the last
fruits are gathered and made into a
sour paste, called "mahel," This
paste will keep good for months and
is made into balls, wrapped in
leaves and baked just as needed.
Bread is not the only product of
the breadfruit tree. From it ce
ment, cloth, tinder and lumber are
also obtained. A glutinous, milky
juice oozes from the trunk of the
tree, which makes an excellent cement-when
boiled with cocoanut oil.
From the fibrous inner bark a kind
of coarse cloth is made, and the big
leaves make good towels. The lum
ber is used for "building houses and
many other purposes. Besides all
this, the dried blossoms are used as
tinder when fires are kindled. Bal
timore Sun. -
. ;. An Optical Experiment.
An interesting optical experiment
may be made with the ordinary in
candescent light. Gaze steadily at
the light for a few seconds, then
suddenly extinguish it. The ex
periment is best performed in a
very dark room. In about half a
minute you will see the perfect im
age of the light, with the fine
strands of wire plainly visible. It
will be red at first. In a few min
utes it will turn purple and then a
bright blue. Later it will apparent
ly move to the right. As you turn
your gaze it will continue moving
to the ripht. If you keep your gaze
fixed it will come back. It is sur
prising how long the illusion will
last. It will be seen for fully five
minute, perhaps longer, and if you
turn on the light and look away
from it you will see the old image
for several minutes, though more
faintly than in the darkness. Bal
timore Sun.
The Balloon Plant.
The balloon plant is one of the
most curious devices of nature for
scattering seeds. "The fruit is yel
low and a .little larger than an egg.
It has the appearance of an empty
bag, but it contains a watery sub
stance, which evaporates or dries up
when the fruit matures, a sort of
gas taking its place. This gas is
lighter than air, and the fruit sways
back and forth in the wind until it
finally breaks loose from its slender
stem, rises into the air to a height
of from 75 to 100 feet and sails
away to fall in some distant spot
and thus extend the growth of its
kind.
Fooling the Janitor.
"Ill tell you a good way to get on
the good side of your janitor," said
the foxy woman. "Just get him to
talking about the other people in
the building. Every day when I go
down in the elevator I say to him,
'Well, how're they treating you ?'
"My! If you could hear the line
of talk he throws from his chest!
I'll bet their ears burn. Then I
keep saying, 'It's a shame,' ofWhat
an outrage !' First one and then the
other, and he's awfully nice to me,
that janitor." New York Press.
His Mind Still Clear.
Mr. Pneer had been run into by
a street car. He was taken to the
nearest "drug store and a surgeon
was hastily summoned.
"The thigh bone is dislocated,"
announced the surgeon after a brief
examination. "Here, you !" he con
tinued, turning to a muscular by
stander and grasping the sufferer
firmly around the body. "Pull hi3
leg!"
"What! Already?" groaned Mr.
Pneer, opening his eyes and placfnJ !
his hand on his pocketboolfc
-8
THEIR.
WEDDING DAY
By TEMPLE BAILEY.
. - -
Copyright, 1SOT, by "P. C Eastment.
Her wedding gown was Mary's first
pretty dress. All her little girl life
she had worn the cut down and pieced
tcgather garments cf Leila and Mar-
3 let. "
Leila and Margaret were the hand
?oce sisters, llary, was little . and
thin, her one beauty a thick brail of
red gold hair that she wound about
her head like a coronet. ;
When she slipped the shining wed
Jing dress over har shoulders and
looked at herself, in the glass sh?
iaughed a little.
"Why, I'm almost pretty," she said
to her sisters. " -
Leila and Margaret were dressed tn
pink. They were to be her brides-
' t DIDN'T LOVE EES AS I DID XOtI, MAKT.'
ciiaids, and they carried big bunches
of carnations.
"Mary's bouquet was of lilies of the
valley and violets.
"Wasn't it nice that Walter remem
bered?" she said.
"Remembered what?" Margaret
asked.
"That I liked violets."
"Xou aren't the first girl of Walter's
that has liked violets," Leila told her.
. Mary flushed.
"I don't think Walter has had so
many girls that you need to say that
Leila," she said.
"Leila's eyes sparkled above the
pink carnations.
"Oh, well, of course you aren't the
first"
"Perhaps not the very first that he
thought he liked," Mary said slowly,
"but the first he really wanted to
marry."
"Walter doesn't tell everything,"
Leila said meaningly.
Mary turned away from the glass.
"1 guess they're waiting for us," she
said, and then they went downstairs
together.
Every one said it was a pretty wed
ding, but the bride was rather pale.
"But then Mary never did have
much color," was the conclusion of the
village folks, who pinned their faith In
beauty to the rosy milkmaid variety
and had little admiration for Mary's
delicacy and pallor.
Walter spoke of it on the way to the
station.
"You ought to have had red cheeks
for me today, Mary," he said, and she
trembled a little as he laid his hand
over hers.
They went to the city, reaching there
after dark. In their room at the quiet
hotel they found flowers violets and
narcissus sent by one of Walter's busi
ness friends.
"I told him you liked violets," Walter
said as he helped her off with her coat
and kissed her.
Mary, with her hat still on, stood by
the table and looked at the flowers.
Suddenly she asked, "Who was the
other girl who liked violets?"
"The other girl?"
He was on the opposite side of the
table, smiling at her, his boyish face a
little tremulous with the thought of the
place and the hour. "There was never
any other girl, Mary," he said.
"Leila said there was," she persisted,
"and you used to send her violets."
"Leila?" he stammered.
"Yes, Leila," she said.
He came around the table and took
her hands. "You will not let what
Leila said spoil our wedding day, will
you?"
"She said you hadn't tald me every
thing," Mary said, "and I think I
Ought to know."
His eyes stopped before her steady
glance.
"Leila shouldn't have said anything."
"Who was the girl?" She laid her
ftand on hi3 arm and shook it a little.
"Who was the girl, Walter?"
Eo looked down at her, troubled.
"It was Lei'a," he said finally, and
his face was white.
"Oh!" Mary gasped. "Oh, Walter!"
He thought she was going to cry.
(3he dropped into a chair and sat there
phakins and trembling, but she did not
cry.
Walter knelt beside her. "I didn't
love her as I did you, Mary," he whit1
pered:
"But you loved her, and yon would
have married her, and she would have
been, here If yon had had your way," j
' - 1
Mary accused him, "here oiTyour wed
ding day." . . : '
He tried to take her hand, but she
drew back and hid her face In the
cushions of the chair. "And Leila Is so
much prettier than I am, she said be
tween quick breaths.
In another moment she was Bobbins
wildly. "You ought to have told me.",
"Hush," he said, with his hands on
her shoulders. "Hush!" And there
wt-.s a man's masterfulness In his tone.
"Look at me, Mary." He drew her
up out of the chair and held her hands
so that she could not put them over
her face. "Look at me."
"I ought not to have told you," ho
said, as she, still sobbing, lifted her
haavy lids and met his glance. "You
are wrong. I ought not to have told
you. No one should have told you. I
or.ght not to tell you now no man has
a right to talk of these things but
Leila has brought It on herself. I was
nice to her, and I thought I loved ier,
and I told her so, and at last we were
engaged." , .
"Oh!" Mary said and drew awny,
but he held her firmly.
"And I did send her violets, but after
awhile I began to send her roses, blsj
scentless ones, and she asked me why,
but I did not like to tell her that it was
because she reminded me of them ; that
I had not found any sweetness or
fragrance in her, and that I dreaded
the day when I must take her to my
heart and then, oh, Mary you came."
He paused and went on, with ft
break in his voice: "The first time I
saw you after you came home from
teaching in the country I knew you
were the girl I had been looking for
all my life. And one day I told Leila.
I don't suppose it was the thing that
a man would do in a story book- or In
a play. They always marry the wrong
ones, you know. But I felt that mar
riage without love would be as bad
for Leila as for me, and I knew by
that time that she did not really care
for me"
"Leila didn't let any one know of the
engagement, and so when it came to
an end there wasn't any talk. But
Leila couldn't forget me and If she
had left It alone you need never have
known, you needn't have been un
happy, you needn't have distrusted
me"
Mary's face was hidden against his
coat.
"I've been unhappy all day," she
whispered.
"On ourweddlng day? Mary"
"I'm sorry," she whispered again.
Outside the night-deepened and dark
ened. The house had grown quiet;
the noise of the busy streets was
stilled.
He lifted his head, with a little laugh
that had In it a deeper ring than that,
of gayety. "I'm not sorry," he said,,
"for now the last barrier of distrust
Is down, and you are mine and I an
yours, and ahead of as Is only happi
ness Mary" ,
A Good Reason.
Manders is very severe on his little
son. He says that the boy has got to
grow up a sensible member of society,
and he (Manders) will see that he does.
He had just spoken very sharply to
the boy for asking questions without
thinking what he was asking, and
Tommy was sitting In the corner with
his eyes fixed on the celling.
"Do you think you will get a prize
for good conduct at school, Tommy?"
asked mamma, anxious to create a di
version. "I don't think so, ma," responded
Tommy timidly.
"How's that?" asked Manders stern
ly before mamma could Interfere.
"Haven't you been behaving yourself 7
Why won't you get a prize for good
conduct? Answer me at once."
"Cos they don't give any, father,"
answered the boy.
Father was caught himself, and when
he saw his wife smile he. went out and
slammed the door after him. Pearson's
Weekly.
Trials of the Unemployed.
Once there was a young Boetian who
had money. One day he looked at his
clothes, of which he had a great many,
and he saw that they needed to be
brushed and folded, so he told his serv
ant to do it for him. Then he went
downstairs and noticed that all hla
manuscripts were in disorder, so he
hired a man to sort them out and to
make a list of them. Next he went to
the stable and found one of his horses
sick, so he asked a man to get him an- .
other one. The other horse needed ex- '
ercise, so he engaged a groom to ex
ercise the horse. I
He looked at a puppy which be had ;
and said, "Why, it's time that puppy
was trained to find birds," so he sent
the puppy away to a man to be taught.
Then he went into the house and
yawned. "Dear me," said he, "how
dull it is with nothing to do! I wish I
had something to do."
The Boetians were barbarians.
Pnck.
Smoking In Church.
The old time citizens smoked even In
church. AH such offenders were ex
communicated by Urban vni. In 1624
and again by Innocent XII. In 1690.
There was William Breedon, too, vic
ar of Thornton, England, of whom the
astrologer Lilly says that "when he
had no tobacco he would cut the bell
ropes and smoke them."
Prohibitions of the customs were fre
quent "Item, you shall not utter," en
Joins an alehouse license of the time
of James I., "nor willingly suffer to be
utter'd, drunke or taken, any' tobacco
within your house, cellar or other place
thereunto belonging."
Charles II. sent a letter to the Uni
versity of Cambridge forbidding the
members to wear periwigs, smoke to
bacco or read their sermons. A writer
has recorded a visit to an Essex
church about 1830 on which he saw
pipes stowed ready for use on the fol
lowing Sunday. Chicago News.