THE SHEPHERD
AND HIS STOCK.
To produce and maintain a flock
With uniformly good constitutions, vig
orous and' thrifty, test the ability of
Shepherd more than to produce one
that is a fine wool producer or that
Carries a good mutton form, says a
writer in American Sheep Breeder".
Good constitution and a breed that
la adapted to the environment are
necessary conditions for a vigorous
Bock. There is a great difference,
however, in the strength of constitu
tion of different individuals of any
breed. It is Indicated by the form
and appearance of the animal. A deep
Chest, front legs set wide apart, brisket
coming well forward, well sprung ribs
marks showing plenty of room for
heart, lungs and digestive organs are
evidences, though not infallible ones,'
of good constitution. Stronger evi
dence of it or lack of it is to be
Been In the motions and carriage of the
animal, the poise of the head and ears,
the expression of the eye and the ap
parent spirit of the animal. These are
not easy to describe intelligently, but
are easily recognized by the expe
rienced shepherd.
Constitution is an inherited character
istic, one that is born with the animal.
AN ENGLISH CHAMPION. !
South Devon ram, first prize at royal
show.
Just as In other matters in breeding,
not all the conditions affecting it are
known, but it is as certainly trans
mitted from parent to offspring as any '
other trait. So that It is Important :
that the progeny of only such animals '
as have good consltutions be retained
In the flocks, and not all of them, for
there is variation in this particular as
In all others, and parents of strong
constitutions sometimes have weak off
spring. The evidences of good consti
tution should be required in the indi
viduals themselves as well as in the
ancestry of those that are to be re
tained as breeders.
However good the constitution of a
sheep may be, it cannot retain its vigor
unless it be well fed. A hungry flock
will not long be a healthy flock, nor
will it retain its health and vigor If
It be exposed to climatic conditions
that are much more severe than those
to which the breed has been accus
tomed. The breed must be adapted
to its environment if the flock is to be
vigorous. Probably the most common
mistake is the attempt to keep high
grade or pure bred sheep under the
conditions of feed and shelter that are
adapted only to low grades or scrubs.
Having the right breed for the en
vironment or else making the environ
ment suit the chosen breed, having in
dividuals of good constitution to start
With and subjecting to a rigorous in
spection all additions to the flock, there
Is yet one important point in maintain
ing the vigor of the flock. That Is
culling. Some sheep have at times all
the outward marks of a good constitu
tion that do not really have it. Such
may be allowed to enter the flock, and
they will soon begin to show signs of
their weakness. Every sheep will
break down from old age and lose
Vigor aud become unprofitable or suc
cumb to disease at some time. The
period of usefulness varies much with
the breed and varies much with indi
viduals of the same breed. Some be
ionie unprofitable at three or four
years of ago,,pthers at ten or twelve or
even older. The shepherd should have
his flock under his constant observa
tion, and whenever a sheep begins to
show signs of weakness, evidence of
disease or lack of thrift and vigor it
Bhould be removed from the flock.
The Profitable Hog.
Experience will determine each man's
preference. If a hog is wanted that
will atiain to a great size, is quiet In
fact rather lazy and sluggish, that will
fn(t.,t! ...... .10.. nt ...... ...... . . '
AULkVU LlUUll (It .1 .1 IT .11 111 111 lliiC
good use of the feed given him, the
rolaud-i luna or the Chester White
will nil the bill, writes J. Al Dobie in
the National Stockman and Farmer.
But the Poland -China is prone to small
litters, and the Chester White is prone
to skin diseases in winter unless well
housed and clean bedded. I have
raised hundreds by crossing the Ches
ter female to the Polnn.t-Chiua malt.
and the combination is very hard to I
beat. Some strains of the Duroc-Jer- !
soys approached nearer to perfection '
than any I have ever tried, aud some j
approached too nearly to the old woods i
hog. A cross between the Poland
China male aud Duroo female is the
best all round pork producer I have
ever tried.
Produce the Best
Once started in the right direction a
farc-er "an produce a good grade of
cattle almost as cheaply as he can
grow scrubs. Good pure bred bulls of
all the leading beef breeds can be pur
chased at reasonable prices, and there
Is not the slightest excuse for the keep
ing of a scrub bull at the head of any
nera. un nrst class cattle as mucn
profit can be made with a smaller ln
vestmeut for land, cattle, feed and la
bor than can be produced with a larger
outlay in feeding inferior stock. In
every department of agriculture IK
Ttars trt nnvlncA thA hoct- nnrt thTa la
Especially true with respect to Hv
took.
' -, UVE STOCK REMEDIES, f
Hew to Treat Various Ills Without
s- :- Calling the Veterinary.
For scours in calves, try a raw egg
stirred up in a little milk and a table
spoonful of flour added. One farmer
recommends saleratus in the milk, a
- teaspoonful at each feed till cured.
For lice on calves, use grease and
sulphur or spray with kerosene. Do nol
put on too much or it will take the hair
off.
If your horse breathes hard and has
a cough, look out for heaves. To pre
vent them, do as you would if he had
them. Give but little hay and give
' water carefully; allow a little time
after feeding and watering before put
ting to work. Give five grain doses ot
arsenic once a day for two weeks. Im
prove the condition of the horse as
- much as possible and relief will follow.
Often when horses are poor in flesh
and not jdolng well the trouble ; is
worms. If such is the case, give a
tonic powdered sulphate of iron and
gentian root in equal parts. Give six
drams twice, a week till his condition
Improve. -
Msnge in horses Is caused by an in
sect which burrows into the skin. To
cure it, this insect must be scoured out
with sand and affected parts washed
' with soap and warm water, using a
brush and drying carefully. After this
apply an ointment of sulphur and lard
or sulphur and water.
- For a sore or wound on a horse or
man I know of nothing better than a
solution of carbolic acid. In warm
weather it acta as a repeller of flies
also.
Foul in the foot in cattle is caused
by standing in mud and may become
serious. ! To cure, cleanse the space
between the toes by drawing a small
rope through, then apply sulphate of
zinc, one dram in half a pint of wa
ter.
For caked udder In cows- try this:
Remove one of your horses from his
stall, throw a quantity of horse manure
in the stall and tie the cow In there
overnight An old farmer told me of
this. As I have never tried it I can
not say as to its value, but it surely
can do no harm, and this cannot al
ways be said of dosing with drugs, ei
ther in man or beast John Upton in
Country Gentleman.
- Watering the Horse.
There is no danger of watering a
horse when he Is hot if precaution is
taken to prevent his rapid cooling. It
is the chilling of the surface of the
body through rapid evaporation of the
perspiration that causes the congestion
in the feet which is called water
founder. A horse may suffer in this
way and not even see water. After
many years' experience with many
horses I have no hesitancy in saying
that a horse is never too hot to drink,
writes H. P. Miller in National Stock
man and Farmer. That does not mean
that he should be allowed all he will
drink. There is danger of an excessive
ly thirsty horse drinking too much.
Working horses suffer -seriously from
-not being watered more frequently.
Three oi even four times a day is not
enough for a hardworking horse in
hot weather. He should be watered
within two hours after each feed and
in hot weather the first thing in the
morning. In addition to the usual prac
tice. A horse uses up water when at
hard work Just as does an engine. If
It is not supplied, it is drawn from the
body tissues. They shrink and, the
horse gets "poor," as it is expressed.
This is the explanation for hardwork
ing horses getting poor far more fre
quently than from lack of feed,! and
water Is usually cheaper than feed.
O-
THE HORSEMAN.
When the colt has been kept in "dur
ing the winter it has not the oppor
tunity to wear down its hoofs as it
did in pasture, and they will grow
long and perhaps uneven. Shorten
them with mallet and chisel and save
the sound feet
The oat box should be large, with
broad bottom, so that the oats will
scatter and not be bolted. -. i
, See to it that the work collars fit
and that they are kept soft and. clean.
There are few things more discourage
Ing in the beginning of a busy season
than horses with sore shoulders, and
this vexation and cruelty can be avoid
ed by the exercise of proper care.' i
A well grown yearling is worth more
than a stunted two-year-old.
The brood mare should have a few
hours' exercise in. the-yard or on the
road every day. It does not pay to
keep her confined.
The horses and colts should be kept
away from the hens and hogs. The
odor of the pigpen is offensive to the
horse, and hen lice are hard to eradi
cate. Never shout at a young horse while
training him.
Irregular feeding makes thin horses,
no matter what amount is given.
Keen the colt's feet In good shape.
Do not let the toes become too long.
Breed only to pure bred sires. Use
pure bred dams if possible.
Animals harboring lice if they have
an abundant coat should be clipped
previous to dressing. It saves material
and permits of more ready contact be- i
tween the dressing and the skin, where
the pedieuli are to be found. In dress
ing an animal for the destruction of
lice it should be wetted all over not
only just where it appears the vermin
congregate and a beginning should be
made at the extremeties face, ears,
po!l. mane, tail and legs. The object
of this is to cut off the retreat of the
enemy, since, when the body is dressed
llrst they run to those outsid parts as
harbors of refuge, and If a pair or a
pregnant female escapes and presently
emenrpo the horse is soon as badly ln-tw-su.-!
u.t ivor.
Preparing Cattle
For Market.
0
In preparing cattle for shipping every
precaution and the greatest care should
be exercised by the feeder or shipper
so that the animals will reach the mar- -ket
In prime condition.
If the steers are being finished on
grass and grain, they should be taken
off the pasture and put In a dry lot at
least twenty-four hours or, better still,
forty-eight hours before shipping and
fed only half their usual allowance of
grain, with all the hay they will eat
In some cases it Is advisable to feed
ao grain, thus getting the animals to
jat considerable bulky food, such as
hay. The whole secret, If there Is such
i thing, of shipping cattle successfully i
. s to get them full of dry food just pre-1
vious to the time they are placed on
he cars and market that Is, the less
noisture the food contains in' propor
tion to dry material the better, . be
cause as a rule a steer that Is largely
tiled with water has a tendency to
cour and thus show up gaunt and bad
on the market. Some unscrupulous
shippers have a custom of salting their ;
A BUCKEHB BEAUTY.
Two-year-old Shorthorn steer, raised in
Ohio.
cattle, so that they drink large amounts
of water and fill up On the same. This
is something that is usually very detri
mental to the sale of the cattle. It Is
useless for the shipper to think that he
can fool the buyer by such a practice.
By feeding a large quantity of salt
one is apt to bring on a fevered condi
tion in the animal's Stomach or diges
tive organs.
When the cattle are taken off pasture
they should be put in as dry a yard as
possible, so that they may keep toler
ably clean. Do not leave the ordering
of the car until the last minute, but
rather order it s6 that it can be prop
erly bedded and a good supply of hay
put in its racks. Straw, of course,
makes the best kind of bedding one
can use. However, the most essen
tial thing is that of supplying plenty
of whatever Is., available. To simply
half bed a car in many cases is like
cutting the price of the cattle, because
they become dirty, and much of their
finish and quality are apparently lost
There Is nothing better than good,
sweet hay for cattle before loading or
In transit Some shippers advise feed
ing a small quantity of grain; but, as
a rule, grain, especially corn, has a
tendency to fever the animals and
cause them to drink too much water.
Thus, all things considered, the less
grain that is fed just previous to and
during shipment the better. When
the cattle are ready for shipment, they
should be driven- over 'the scales and
the. . weights : recorded, Then they
should be driven very carefully to the
stockyards or station where they are
to be shipped.
As a rule, about twenty good sized
steers will fill a car; however, one
should not 'rely on any given number,
but rather, go by the tfjpount of space
In the car. That is, always fill the car
just as full as it will hold of cattle
of a uniform size. By allowing the
animals too much space they will push,
fight' and jam each other so that they
will shrink considerably more than if
they are crowded enough to keep them
quiet If. th: shipping takes place in
midsummer, when it is very warm.
care must be taken to supply the ani
mals with plenty of water on the car.
W; J. i Kennedy, Iowa State College,
In Farmers- Advocate. :
How to Produce Good Animals.
Good animals are. produced by. good
feed, good care and, plenty of it . The
farm where good stock is kept must
be kept well. It will not do to abuse
the farm by eating out the pastures
and impoverishing the land: Good,
well kept farms and good stock very
naturally go together.. In the produc
tion of good stock good feed condition
must first be provided. This means
good farming, and good farming is
the basis of every successful farm in
dustry or enterprise. ' The feed supply
must not only provide for the grazing
season, but all seasons.. The winter
season or prepared feed season is the
most critical period in the growth of
the animal, because the natural con
ditions of vegetation must be supplied
as far as practicable by the storage
and preservation of succulent feeds for
the winter use. Twentieth Century
Farmer. "
Secure the Best Stallion.
Dr. Alexander in a bulletin on horse
breeding says: The cheap stallion is
dear at any price, fust as is a counter
feit of any kind. The best is none too
good, and it is only by using the best
febtainable breeding material, that the
highest quality of horses can be pro
du?ed. The farmer does not buy seed
corn or oats or barley or wheat just be
cause it is cheap, nor does he go from
seller to seller looking for the seed he
can buy the cheapest When it comes
to selecting a stallion, however, all of
this sensible business policy seems to
be forgotten, for the mare owner too
often neglects the offered opportunity
to patronize the pure bred stallion and
for the sake of saving a few paltry
dollars at the time of breeding uses a
talllon of Impure blood and nonde
script type and character.
THUMPS IN HOGS. "
The Cause of Thia Disease and How it
. .: ;V Treat It. - ,
Thumps Is a result of certain dis
eased conditions in the system and It
not to be looked upon as a diseasi
itself. The cause in practically all
cases is the character of the feed or
the way the bogs are kept or a com
bination of both. It is usually the re
sult of an unhealthy condition of the
blood, generally caused by a large num
ber of worms in the intestines caused
by overfeeding with lack of sufficient
exercise. Rheumatic conditions may
cause it or the Irritation caused by a
large number of worms in the intestines
may be the cause. However, the mosl
frequent cause of the disease is feed
ing an excess of corn or other foods
of like character and not enough ni
trogenous foods. :
Usually the hogs that suffer from
thumps are fit, overfed young hogs,
and a feed composed largely of corn
would produce this condition. I think
the best prevention would be to give
a variety of feed or at least to feed
less corn and to have the pigs where
they could have the run of pasture.
Hotel slops would be the kind of ma
terial that would produce fat and not
muscle, being In this respect like corn.
If it is impractical to secure and
use feeds of a proteld nature, I would
advise feeding less corn to the young
hogs until they are a few months old,
as every hog raiser who has had ex-,
perience with the trouble knows that
it Is the young fat pigs that are gener
ally troubled with the thumps.
If treatment is undertaken at the
beginning of the trouble, it is generally
successful." At the first indication of
the disease give one or two ounces of
castor oil as a physic and follow this
with tincture of opium and tincture of
digitalis, giving twenty drops of each
at a dose. Give this every'two or three
hours, and you can generally relieve
most of the cases in from twelve to
fifteen hours. If the pig is much ex
hausted, you can combine with the
above one-eighth ounce of aromatic
spirits of ammonia In a little cold wa
ter. Unless the pig is quite sick and
will Tefuse feed the best way to give
such medicine as recommended above
is to give it in a small amount of feed,
as milk or wet ground feed. If neces
sary to give the medicine by hand,
take a large spoon and place the medi
cine as far back in the mouth as possi
ble. Never give medicine to a pig
while it is struggling or squealing, as it
is liable to get it into the windpipe.
L. L. Lewis in Oklahoma Farm Journal.
Dry Cured Pork.
For each hundred pounds of meat
weigh out five pounds of salt two
pounds of granulated sugar and two
ounces of saltpeter and mix them thor-
oughly. Rub the meat once every three
days with a third of the mixture.
While the meat is curing in this man
ner it is best to have it packed in a
barrel or tight box. For the sake of
convenience it is advisable to have two
barrels and to transfer the meat from
one to the other each time it is rubbed.
After the last rubbing the meat should
He in the barrel for a week or ten days,
when it will be cured and ready to
smoke. To cure nicely it Is desirable
to have a cool and rather moist place
in which to keep it This recipe should
not be used where the meat must be
kept in a warm and dry place, as the
preservatives will not penetrate easily
and uniformly. National Provisioner.
Stallions Should Wear a Shield.
The Horse Breeder says that every j
stallion that is two years old or up- j
ward should be made to wear a good
stallion shield at all times when stand
ing in the stall. , A neglect of this pre
caution has caused the ruin of many
promising colts that but for this would
have developed into successful turf per
formers and valuable stock horses.
THE SHEPHERD.
There is quality of water as well as
quality of food.
If the ewes have nothing but corn,
they will lack milk and be feverish.
Don't call this "bad luck."
When Iambs are two weeks old they
will begin to eat bran and linseed meal.
Gi-e it to them and see how they will
grow.
Don't expect feeders to realize fat
lamb prices, or, in other words, don't
market half fat lambs.
It does -not cost as much to raise
pure bred sheep as scrub sheep, judg
ing by the way our books balance, says
the American Sheep Breeder.
The feeding racks should be cleaned
after every feeding, as the sheep never
relish fodder that has been breathed
on. Always have a good clean supply
of water.
Do not confine sheep during hot days
where they cannot get shade and se
clusion from the flies. A darkened
stable or outbuilding is enjoyed by
them.
Keep the Iambs growing. A stunted
lamb never makes a good sheep.
, Keep the drinking vessels absolutely
clean, and give fresh water often.
Hay should not be carried over the
backs of sheep when it can be avoided,
as it causes the fleece to become full
of seed and dirt.
The sheep bell may not scare the
dogs, but they may warn you of their
presence.
A poor sheep produces a harsh, weak
wool, lacking luster. The well condi
tioned sheep produces an oil for the
fleece that is essential to good fiber,
soft texture of the wool and a bright
attractive look. Any check in the
growth of the sheep can be detected
in the fleece. The wool produced at
this time Is of poorer quality. The
fleece of a poor sheep can be picked
from a collection. Farm Journal.
CURLY TOP.
This Blight In Sugar Beeta Is From an ;
Unknown Cauoe.
The blight or "curly top," of tha
sugar beet in a (lineage which bits been
known In the Rem In rid portion of thto
country for a numler of years and
caused much speculation as to Its na
ture. On the Califorofa coast the din
ease has been the caune of serious loss
es in certain season for some time,
and the growers have been entirely In
BEET BLIGHT.
the dark as to the nature or handling
of the disease. In the spring of 1905
the trouble began to appear abundant
ly In certain sections, and the attention
of the writer was called to the need of
information concerning this disease by
Dr. G. W. Shaw of the California ex
periment station.
The disease in question is a peculiar
stunting . or nondevelopment of the
plant occurring often under conditions
apparently very favorable for growth.
Some years in large areas the plants
stop gowlng, the leaves curl and crin
kle In a peculiar manner, the roots be
come blackened in the internal rings,
and soon the whole crop is a complete
loss. The disease has been studied
more or less in different places, but its
cause has never been discovered.
The disease has a very marked rela
tion to moisture and climate, especially
rainfall at certain seasons, but pre
sents many very peculiar features. It
is a very definite disease, with charac
teristic symptoms, and not simply the
injurious effect of unfavorable condi
tions. The disease is one of a num
ber of so. called "physiological" plant,
diseases and resembles in some fea
tures similar diseases of the tobacco,
China aster and other plants. Ralph
E. Smith.
The Value of Mules.
Few farmers realize the real value
of mules.
They will do as much work as horses
on less food. They will live longer,
and they can be kept sound more
easily.
A mule will never eat or drink when
he is heated nor run a way in a blind
panic, like a horse.
If a mule is properly trained when
a youngster, he will not kick, and he
will always respond to kindness and
good, common sense treatment.
Why not raise mules on the farm?
A good pair of mules when three
years old will bring from $400 to $500.
Farm Journal.
Self Feeder For Swine.
One breeder whom we know of prac
tices the .feeding of a mixture of salt
and slack. He is situated near a coal
mine, where he can procure the slack
easily. He feeds the mixture from a
feeder, a sketch
of which we
show. The box
part of the feed
er is of sufficient
size tohold sev
eral bushels of
the mixture.
There is a false
bottom to the
box, which slopes
SELF FEEDER.
from the front to the rear and allows
the salt and slack to feed down
through a space two inches wide be
tween the box and the rear end of the
false bottom. The salt and slack work
out on the bottom proper, where the
hogs gain access to it. Oue would be
surprised to know how regularly each
one of the herd comes to the box, says
a writer in Iowa Homestead. On sev
eral occasions the box has pone empty
for a day or two. On refilling every
member of the bunch was as anxious
to get at the mixture as could be imag
ined. Some swine growers on account
of their location in a country where
limestone occurs in abundance may not
need to supply mineral matter to the
extent that is necessary on soils of a
differmt nature.
The Tomato Crop.
The tomato is not a specially exhaust
ing crop. Tomatoes do not remove as
much plant food from soils- as most
farm crops at the usual rates of prod
uct per acre, states T. H. White.
The refuse of the crop from an acre
of tomatoes contains more fertilizing J
material than similar remains of most
other crops.
The vines and roots of tomatoes are
very rich in potash.
The residue of the tomato crop should
be evenly spread and plowed under. '
As regards economy of soil fertility '
the tomato crop is a desirable one to ,
jm. j
IN OREGON.
Important Points to Observe In the
Care of Cows.
The great future of the buttermaklmj
Industry in Oregon depends upon tha
quality of the product "Quality and
not quantity" must be the motto of
every dairyman and creameryman. ' la
order to make butter of the highest
quality the dairymen and creamerymea
must work in harmony. They have a
common interest The dairyman can
not expect a high price for his butter
fat if his cream is poqr. Butter made
from Inferior cream cannot get tha
highest market price.
Must Begin on the Farm.
In order to secure better butter we
must begin on the farm. The stables
In which the cows are kept must be
tlean and supplied with an abundance
of fresh air. The floor must be clean. 7
and an occasional bit of lime or gyp
sum should be thrown upon it te de
stroy the odors. The cows uddera
must be washed before milking. Thia
Is the starting point of most of the
trouble with cream. : The milker sits
down with a pall open at the top. Any
dust straw or manure that may be
hanging to the ndder Is gradually work
ed off and finds Its way into the pall.
Every particle of Buch dirt carries with
It a quota of germ life. While the
dairyman milks he unconsciously sows
the seed of destruction in the very
product he is going to market The
destruction begins at once and Is car
ried on rapidly so long as the proper
temperatures are maintained.
The Remedy.
The remedy naturally suggests itself.
Stop the dirt from getting Into the
milk. If the milker will carry with
him a damp cloth and carefully wipe
off the udder and the parts Immediate
ly around it the trouble will be pre
vented to a great extent This work
will require but a few moments of ex
tra time and would prevent much after
trouble In the way of sour or 111 fla
vored cream. The cow should be milk
ed In a place in which the air Is tree
from dust. When the cows are kept in
the stable never feed or move hay or
clean out the place or do anything to
stir up dust or strong' smells just be
fore milking. J. W. Bailey, Oregon
Dairy Commissioner, In Kimball's Dai
ry Farmer.
LIMA BEANS.
In California Vines Are Not Poled A
Solid Field.
The weeding and cultivation of lima,
beans in California are at first done
with machinery called bean knives,
and when the vines have advanced too
far for this method hoeing by band la
resorted to. The bean is not poled, and
in about six weeks the plant has reach
ed dimensions which in many instances
cover up the line mark of the rows and
forms a solid field of the most beauti
ful green, dotted with tiny white flow
ers. Where there are young walnut
orchards present the bean is planted in
between the rows of the young trees to
utilize the same soil.
One remarkable fact is that the lima
bean does not seem to deprive the soil
LIMA BEANS, BLOSSOMS AJJD PODS.
of its productive qualities. It can be
groWn repeatedly on the same land.
Some fields here have carried the crop
for thirty years, says a writer in Or
ange Judd Farmer. Irrigation Is not
needed. The plant depends largely up
on the moisture of the warm soft fogs
prevalent here On the long, narrow
strip of coast land between the Santa
Ynez mountains and the Pacific.
Cheapest Feeds In the Corn Belt.
It is a well known fact that the
cheapest feeds in the corn belt are
those suited to the growing needs of
the animal. Corn will never produce
bone when fed in itself- for the simple
reason that it does not contain a very
large per cent mineral matter, says
a writer in Io-. Homestead. Some of
the other grains are much better fitted
in this respect for bone making, and a
great inany farmers are feeding liberal
ly of oats, wheat, rye and barley. Here
"and there we find some man who is a
firm believer in keeping a good supply
of coal, ashes, slack, charcoal and any
other kind of material which contains
a large portion of mineral matter on
hand for hogs.
Selection of Laying Fowls.
Many rely on selecting their best
laying fowls by merely studying the
form, or, In other words, they believe
that there is a characteristic egg type.
Trap nest records seem to indicate
that this rule is variable to some ex
tent, at least One should be able to .
select by form with fair success, as it
has been noticed that hens wjth crow
heads that is, long, peaked heads -are
seldom good layers. The same is true
of hens that are unusually lot a leg- j
ged, J. O. Halpin. J