The record of the herd la a mattei
f the utmost Importance. The highest
degree of success cannot be attained
unless dairymen know the productive
Capacity of each individual cow. This
la necessary as a guide to rational
treatment and to insure the greatest
profit The record should include not
only the dairy performance, but a con
else history and description, of each
animal. The former requires a daily
record of the milk yield of every cow
and a fat test of several consecutive
mllkings if accurate records are to be
secured. Samples for this test may be
mixed and this "composite sample"
tested, thus obtaining the average.
The method is easily learned and
practiced. With the percentage of fat
taken periodically and a summary of
the daily yield of milk, the dairyman
has a full record of every cow In his
herd. To give still more complete
knowledge there should -also be a rec
ord, at least approximately accurate,
ahowlng the cost of the food consumed
by each cow, so that the economy of
production may be shown.
Dutch Belted Cattle.
Writing of Dutch belted cattle In
Kimball's Dairy Farmer, C. D. Malette
of Iowa says: One of the most strik
ing characteristics of the breed is the
eolor, jet black, with a continuous
TYPICAL DUTCH BELTED COW.
White belt around the body. The belt
is always reproduced and will crop out
In the grades for several generations.
In form these cattle are usually of
the dairy type, wedge shaped, with
food constitutions and large, well de
veloped udders. The cows often reach
a weight of 1,200 pounds. They are
gentle and quiet.' Even the bulls are
very rarely 111 tempered. For the pro
duction of milk and butter these cat
tie are among the best They are per
sistent milkers and not only give largo
Quantities, but milk containing a large
per cent of fat. The belted herd of
one of the eastern breeds over a period
Of eleven years gave an average of
0,013 pounds of milk per cow. i
These cattle as they become better .
known are rapidly coming to the front
among the various dairy breeds. I
Keeping Cows Clean.
To assist in keeping a stall kept cow !
Clean there is nothing so helpful as a
tall of just the right length. Whether
the cow be long or short, the stall
should be suited to her length. Most
farmers err in thinking a cow requires
fl larger stall than she really does. A
tall that Is long enough for the cow
to stand comfortably In with all four
feet when eating from the manger is,
the right length. Then when she is
lying down she will lie forward of the
(Utter and so keep herself clean for the
most part. The gutter should be at
least eight inches deep, and If it Is
eighteen Inches wide it may be more
easily cleaned than if it is narrow.
With a deep gutter the cow will rarely
stand with her hind feet In it and so
oil herself and stall when she steps
out of it .
Value of Testing.
It cannot be impressed too strongly
upon everyday dairymen and farmers
who milk cows,' the necessity of hav
ing and using the Babcock tester and
a milk scale, writes a dairyman in
Hoard's Dairyman. Since procuring an
outfit some time ago I have found
out just what my cows are doing. I
found I had one star boarder out of
thirteen cows in milk. She goes to
the butcher soon. I also discovered the .
operator for a creamery that I have
been selling cream to has been using
a 17.6 c. c. pipette for testing cream
Instead of an IS c. c, though he was
Ignorant of the difference, but the 17.6
was the pipette the company furnished
him, and it has been making them a
mug sum every month.
A Good Dairy Ration.
Corn silage Is an excellent feed, but
requires some feed rich in protein to
be used in connection with It Possi
bly the adjunct may be alfalfa, clover
retch, pea hay or oilmeal. Perhaps
farmers in the grain growing districts
Itt addition to raising corn produce field
peas. If the latter are harvested for
hay or put In the silo aud fed In con
nection with corn silage, the two com
bine well and with a very little grain
feed would make a good ration for the
dairy cow. James Withy combe, Di
rector Oregon Experiment Station.
Working Butter.
If butter Is properly worked, no one
ran tell whether it is done with a
paddle or worker. When a paddle is
ased, unless care is taken, there is a
liability of hurting the grain owing to
the drawing action of the paddle. In
working butter the worker should
press directly down, with no drawing
motion.
Care of the Calf.
Horace L. Brown of Cortland, N. T,
proprietor of Star farm herd, soys.
The first six months of an animal's
fife prove the worth of its future uae
fumeas.' This Is a true statement, and
If you undertake to rear calf grra it
Ba Mat ftf
CREAMERY; SUCCESS.
Son Points For . the Buttermaker by
. a New .Hampshire Expert.
The winner of the New Hampshire
sweepstakes dairy prize, E. L. Childs,
has been superintendent of the Cor
nish (N. H.) creamery for the past
eleven years and had worked for sev
eral years before as a second hand is
the same creamery. - In an article on
creamery cows in American Cultivator
he says: ."The buttermaker must be
agreeable at all times. There is no
part of creamery management of so
much importance as the buttermaker's
attitude at the weigh can. Here he
must instruct the patrons how to pro
duce, care for and deliver milk or
cream that will make a high grade but
ter. He must, gain j their confidence
and hold it by giving just weights and
accurate tests. , He may also ask them
to see the tests made, explaining every
point that isn't plain to them about the
increase In butter over butter fat etc.
He should also be able to give Instruc
tions about feeding and breeding dairy
stock. His sense of taste and smell
must be well trained, so as not to take
a lot of milk that will be the means of
spoiling a churning."
Handling the Milk.
Now that the buttermaker has the
milk in his possession he must sepa
rate at about 85 degrees, then imme
diately cool to about 60 degrees F. to
ripen the cream. Then a prepared
starter should be added for best and
uniform results. This may be made
from skimmilk, buttermilk or some
pure commercial culture. In my own
case I have had as good success with
carefully selected skimmilk alone by
first pasteurizing the milk and ripen
ing at temperature of about 60 degrees
for four days. This makes a very
smooth starter with a sharp acid flavor.
The starter should show about one
sixtieth of 1 per cent of acidity by
Farrlngton's test when added to the
cream. When the cream is, ready to
churn it should show about 60 per
cent by the same test Cream rip
ened in this way will surely make
high scoring butter if the rest of the
work is done rightly. Fifty-five to 60
degrees F. in summer, and 60 degrees
F. in winter are the best temperatures
for ripening cream, as the flavor form
ing germs multiply faster at these tem
peratures. Churn at Low Temperature.
Churning should be done at as low
a temperature as possible to secure
all the butter fat without injury to the
grain. I usually churn at a tempera
ture of 52 to 64 degrees F. In summer
and 66 to 68 degrees in winter.
The churn then runs usually from
forty to fifty minutes. Butter should
be washed In water of about the same
temperature as the buttermilk and in
the granular form, but does not need
more than half the washing that some
give it. Too much washing takes out
the best flavor.
: Salt should also be applied while the
butter is still in the granular form and
then worked in thoroughly, taking care
not to overwork and spoil the grain.
It is safe to say that more than half
the butter that is found in our markets
Is not properly worked. Mottles,
streaks and greasy butter , are most at
ways due to Improper working. Butter
should be put up in attractive packages
to suit the demands of the trade.
The Bull to Select.
The dairyman that is afraid of his
own grown bulls Is a safe man to buy
from. Why? Because his stock has
vigor, for it has temper.. It seems to
be a well established fact that the
sluggish bull does not transmit ances
tral traits or Is not at prepotent as the
less amiable one. A bull is not a play
thing, and even the most gentle ones
have ungentle moments. If you read
the dairy literature, It seems to be
nearly always the gentle bull, the dear
pet, that gores or tramples his master
to death.
DAIRY BRIEFS.
Dairy economy means the greatest
production from the smallest, number
of choice cows on the smallest acreage.
Buy a good cow every time yon can
get her at a reasonable price, but buy a
good bull every time regardless of
price.
In buying a cow avoid the one with
a restless disposition. There is a dif
ference between high nervous develop
ment and restlessness.
Empty the cans and clean them thor
oughly as soon as they get home from
the creamery.
A hot tempered man has no busin
in the dairy barn. j
We cannot feed heavily one week
and then let down the next and get
an even flow of milk.
Remember this the good cow needs
good care. Colantha could not have
made her record if she had not had
the best care.
Dairy cow Improvement Is the result
of applied knowledge in breeding.
When you buy a blooded dairy cow,
go back far enough to learn what kind
f a dam gave birth to her father.
A bull is about as dangerous a pet as
a grizzly bear, and fhe man who han
dles one without a nose stick is risking
his life every time he does it
The Babcock tester and the milk
scale pick out the profitable cows.
A stable odor is a mighty persistent
worker when it once gets a start In
the milk.
There la no quick way of building up
a dairy herd. It takes years of care
ful breeding.
CleanTIness and sunshine have the
same effect in the stables as In the
human habitation, dealing death to dis
ease germs and health and strength
to the stock, aad theyara cheaper than
medicine.
LEAF SPOT DISEASE.
It Attacks Apple Trees Is Prominent
In Midsummer.
There are several species of fungi
that attack apple . leaves, producing
brown, circular spots that range from
mere specks to spots one-fourth of an
inch in diameter .and in some cases
much larger, as here shown. The dis
ease may begin to appear in the spring
soon after the young leaves unfold, but
the spots are usually more prominent
between midsummer and the end of
the season. This diseased condition
;auses the leaves to drop prematurely,
frequently leaving the trees denuded in
aarlv autumn, six weeks or two months
TJNSPRATED APPLE LEAVES.
Affected with leaf spot disease. '
before the normal period of leaf fall.
Trees thus deprived of their foliage
cease activity, and as. a result the fruit
is small and not properly matured, the
buds for the crops of the following
year are weakened and in some cases
not fully developed, and the life of the
tree is materially shortened, r These
leaf diseases are partly responsible for
the failure of the trees to produce crops
and for the early decline of the or
chard. - One of the most striking results of
spraying an apple orchard is the effect '
on the foliage. These leaf diseases are
largely prevented by applications of
bordeaux mixture, and the foliage re-'
mains fresh and green long after unr
sprayed trees are defoliated. This was
true of all the demonstration blocks In
the Ozarks during - the past season.
The unsprayed trees began to shed
their leaves in July and .were practi
cally defoliated by the last of August, '
a month before the time to pick the
crop. W. M. Scott, Bureau of Plant i
Industry.
Killing Qoldenrod.
i Tears ago we bought a farm that had
one field so thickly covered with golden
rod that ten acres would not have
pastured a goose. There was absolute
ly no grass.. . We mowed It off and put
about five sheep, to the acre , and .fed
enough wheat bran to keep them In a
thriving condition, and the next season
a finer blue grass pasture was never
seen, says a writer In National Stock
man and Farmer. They had killed "ev
ery last plant" The cows won't eat it,
and it is fortunate that they will not
for If they did no use could be made of
their milk, but sheep like It and will
thrive on the young growth.
Braking en a High Lead.
Teamsters and farmers who haul hay
on roads where a brake Is necessary
will no doubt appreciate the idea em
bodied In the following hint credited to
a writer In the Prairie Farmer: So con
struct a brake that It may be operated
from the top of the load of hay or for
age. In order to do this build the
standard of the rack as high as the
BRAKE FOB A HAY WAGON.
load Is liable to be. Secure a gas pipe
or rod about one inch In diameter and
fasten It In strap iron bearings on the
standard. Surmount It with a small
balance wheel keyed firmly. At the
lower end of the rod attach a chain,
which Is passed over a pulley In the
side of the bed and continued to the
brake lever on the rear wheels.
' Concerning Moisture.
: It Is surprising what use can be
made of a half Inch of rainfall provid
ed the soil is stirred on the surface
shortly after Its precipitation, remarks
Iowa Homestead. . In dry farming dis
tricts this amount of rainfall is regard
ed as a great boon to crops, though of
course men in those localities have
learned sensible methods of conserving
the moisture supply.
Thinning Tree Fruita.
' Thinning tree fruits should be prac
ticed by every Intelligent grower. Be
tar fruit aad more money wtH be the
:jRE f-MCES.
A Great and Growing
Need e, Big
Farms In the West.
There Is not a township in the great
central or southern west but what can
show a dozen or more of what you
might call first class farmers. These
are the men whose- affairs, should be
studied by the average man and whose
ways should be imitated in a measure
at least,
One of the most successful farmers
of the great central west recently stat
ed that in his opinion the greatest need
now in this area is more and better
fencing. His doctrine was that every
fence on the farm should be hog tight
so that hogs .instead of being raised in
dry lots around the buildings could
run j hither and thither over the pas
tures, over the stubble fields and-when
the corn is husked out over the corn
stalk fields.
A Good Sound Doctrine.
- It was the belief of this man that
farmers could sooner or later eradicate
absolutely the disease of swine plague
and cholera by adopting this plan. It
adds stamina to the breeding stock,
and it certainly paves the way for
making cheaper pork. Of course by '
using more grass and less grain it
may take a little longer to finish hogs,
but in his opinion 100 pounds can be
made cheaper by taking a year or four
teen months to do it than can be done
by making it largely on grain in nine
or ten months. We believe that this is
good,, sound doctrine to preach to our
readers, says Iowa Homestead. Fenc
ing, it is true, is costly, and yet prices
are by no means prohibitory.
Not All at Once.
, It is not our thought that any man
will undertake to fence his farm with
hog tight fences all at once, but by add
ing 40, 80 or 100 rods a year the task'
will soon be finished, and in the mean
time the increased income from the hog
end of the farm will take care of the
fencing bills.
GROWING ONIONS.
Successful Method of Cultivating and
Curing a Crop.
As soon as the onions come through
the ground we start using the cultiva
tor and go over them once a week un
til they are laid by. We weed as often
as necessary to keep them clean. Aft
er the tops are large and begin to tan
gle it Is not desirable to attempt to
work in the crop, as considerable dam
age may be done. My best onions have
averaged 600 bushels an acre. I sold
YELLOW GLOBE DANVEBS ONIONS.
them at 50 cents a bushel and deliv
ered right from field. I did no shipping
last year. I have never had any trou
ble with diseases or Insects. I keep the
tund Perfectly V-Cleaav and never al-
low any accumulations to harbor Insect
pests, writes an Ohio man in American
Agriculturist
After harvesting our crop we fre
quently leave the onions in the field
ten days in the crates if the weather
is favorable and then put them In the
open curing sheds.
Importance of Uniformity.
The fact that the eastern fruit grow
ers and truck growers are not as well
organized as are the western and more
distant producers Is very largely due to
the fact that they have the advantage
of lower express rates and that the
merchants will handle their goods in
small consignments. By this method
of small individual shipments the prod- ,
net upon the market is less uniform in
character both as regards grade and
method and type of package than is the
case when the product is marketed
through the exchange and in carload
lots. In order to handle carload ship
ments successfully vegetables must be
uniform in character and size and the
product well graded. These are ad
vantages which have been learned by
distant shippers and which have in a
great measure been forced upon them
by the necessity of shipping in carload
lots. Prof essor L. C. Corbett
In Growing Alfalfa.
In growing alfalfa the ground should
be well prepared, as free as possible
from seeds, and the seed should be
sown when the soil is in suitable con
dition for production. The seed should
be applied at the rate of about twenty
pounds per acre, says Kimball's Dairy
Farmer. For Nebraska, if possible, use
Nebraska seed or at least that which
is produced under the same conditions.
Windbreak For Montana.
A good windbreak for Montana is
what is known as the white willow.
This tree is very successfully grown
upon the bleak plains of North Da
kota and Is as satisfactory as any tree
that has been tried for this purpose,
says a writer In Farm and .Fireside.
It is easily grown from cuttings, which
may be obtained from almost any of
the northern nurserymen.
Cutting Asparagus.
Cuttings from the mature asparagus
bed should be made regularly and
thoroughly, being always careful not
to Injure the crowns of the plants with
the knife. Keep weeds out Beds set
this spring or last fall should not ba
cot at an this season. Let the plants j
mi avivLv1aeM? .Venn JnimiH I
LAUGH AND BE HEALTHY.
Don't Bottle Yourself Up and Court
: Nervous Prostration.
"If I were to assign any one spe
cial cause for nervous breakdown,"
6aid the doctor, "I would say lack of
a sense of humor. You may retort
that a person on the eve of a col
lapse doesn't feel particularly hu
morous and dismiss my suggestion
with a laugh, but there's more to it
than perhaps you think. I regard
humor as one of the most valuable
assets of mankind. In fact, there's
nothing that can replace it, and I
am genuinely sorry for the mortal
from whose composition it seems to
have been left out. It always has
been a good thing for its possessor,
but in this day of rush and more or
less worry it is especially to be ap
preciated, for the man who is able
to see the funny side of things, even
though the joke may be on him, has
a sort of safety valve, and he isn't
likely to go to pieces as the result of
a nervous explosion.
"Serious folk, you see, are in
variably engaged in bottling things
tip experiences of various kinds,
their own , impressions, and so on.
They don't give themselves the out
let that is enjoyed by the man fond
of a laugh and whose knowledge of
the ridiculous enables him to regard
things, in proper perspective. . The
unduly serious don't dismiss trifles
with a shrug and a smile. They ex
aggerate matters which should only
be given a moment or so of amused
attention, and the first that they
know they have so much to think of
that the poor brains become over
taxed, and off they must go to sani
tariums or to sea or some place
where, the theory is, some of the
supposedly important affairs which
have been troubling them can be
eliminated from the mind." New
York Press.
Why She Wouldn't.
The proud parents who love to
put their children on show are often
disappointed through the perverse
. ness of the youngsters. An incident
. of the kind occurred in a Columbus
home when the fond mother asked
her little daughter to sing a song
for the guests of the evening. Great
pains had been taken to teach the
song to the child, and brilliant re
sults were expected. But when the
time for the singing came the little
girl was not disposed to sing. The
company begged and the mother in
sisted, even offering the child anoth
er piece of cake. But still the child
refused.
"But why won't you sing?" the
mother asked impatiently.
"Mamma," said the child, "it
hurts my finger nails."
She did not sing. Columbus Dis
patch. An Author's First Strike.
Justin McCarthy in his early days
once submitted a story to a maga
zine called the Galaxy. One day he
said to the editor, "I have come to
see if you will take that story I of-,-
f ered the Galaxy."
I "Yes," cordially responded the
, editor, "and sixty more like it."
Time passed, and one day Mr. Mc
Carthy walked into the Galaxy office
with an imposing pile of manuscript
under his arm.
"What is that?" asked Mr. Shel
don. Mr. McCarthy laid the bundle of
manuscript upon the publisher's
desk and replied, "Here aire the six
ty stories you ordered on the occa
sion of my last visit."
He got a check covering the
whole sixty. London Telegraph.
: Didn't Mind the Disgrace.
Walter Howard, the London
dramatist, was leaving the stage
door of a theater one evening when
an anemic looking youth stepped
up and said, "Are you Mr. How
ard?" The author replied in the
affirmative, whereupon the young
fellow said he wanted to go on the
stage. Noticing his evident unfit
ness for such a life, Howard advised
him to stick to his present occupa
tion, whatever it was. "I am as
sistant to the pawnbroker across the
way," said the ambitious young
man. 'And what do your people
think of your going on the stage ?"
asked Howard. "Oh, they are right
against it," was the jaunty reply,
"but I shouldn't mind the disgrace
myself."
Times Had Changed.
"Did you and pa start with plenty
of money ?" asked the daughter.
"We lived upon very little but
love, dear," was the mother's gentle
answer.
"But I suppose pa soon got lots
of salary?"
"No, dear; it was a great struggle
at first."
"Then how did you manage ? Pa
had a little !n the bank ?"
"Not a farthing."
"Oh, my! George is in just the
same position, and we love each oth
er, and"
"If that - penniless adventurer
ever dares to enter this house asraia
I will tell him what I think of him!&
A . a tf T 3 - I
Go to room at once .
uo to your room at once r jlxhmwhby j
CONDENSED STORIES.
Hew a
Ready Actor Overcame aa
Awkward Dilemma.
E. H. Sothern a few days before
he set out on his London venture
talked at a farewell dinner about
stage presence of mind.
"When a dilemma unexpectedly
crops up,' he said, "I manage, in aa
awkward way, to master it some
how. But I never acquit myself
with the brilliance that marks the
typical anecdotes of stage presence
of mind.
"They tell of a really remarkable
case that happened in Cincinnati.
It was a melodrama. The hero in
the second act stood in the bow of a
ship soliloquizing about love, while
the waves rolled and rocked.
"The waves were made in this
way: Blue canvas was spread loose-
THE HEAD LOOKED ABOUT HT A WILD WAI,
ly over the stage and under the can
vas some twenty or thirty supera
lay on their backs, kicking and roll
ing and beating with their arms.
"But it happened that at this per
formance there was a large bole in
the canvas. Through the hole, aa
the actor talked passionately about
love, the head of a super suddenly
protruded. The head looked about
in a wild, scared way, and quick as
thought the actor shouted:
"'Man overboard!' i
"Then when the head disappear
ed he said sadly:
"'Alas, the perils of the deep!
Another poor soul gone to his last
reward!'"
Blaine and the Bore.
A notorious bore came - to see
Tames G. Blaine when he was secre
tary of state. Mr. Blaine was busy.
Still, he was polite. ; : He was ex
tremely sorry his engagements made
it impossible to talk to the visitor,
but he would be glad to see him the
next day.
"What time?" asked the bore.
Mr. Blaine made an elaborate con
sultation of his engagement book.
"Come at 10 o'clock tomorrow
morning," he said. "I shall be glad
to see you then.- You understand
the hour, do you not ? Ten o'clock
precisely."
"I shall be here," said the bore.
"Mark you," cautioned Mr. Blaine,
"when I say 10 o'clock I mean 10
o'clock. You must be here on the
exact minute. Promptly at 10,
then."
"All right," replied the bore. And
he went away jubilant.
"Blaine," asked William E. Chan
dler, who was present, "why did you
make such a precise appointment
with that man? You do not want
to see him."
"I know it," replied Blaine, "but
I fixed the hour with exactness and
impressed it on him so I shall know
when to be out." Saturday Even
ing Post.
Hot Weather Refuge.
The Rev. E. W. Webber, a Maine
minister, who was located for awhile
in a Georgia town as pastor of a
Universalist church, occasionally re
lates this story:
He was talking with William
Dodson, ex-president of the Georgia
senate.
"I suppose you feel the heat
greatly down here in the summer,
don't you ?" queried Mr. Webber ot
the southern man.
"Well, it does get pretty warm,
here sometimes," admitted Mr. Dod
son, "but every time I feel too warm
I think of the visit I once made to
Boston, and it sends the cold shiv
ers all over men." Boston Kecord.
Tillman on Chivalry.
"The duel," said Senator Tillman
at a dinner in Washington, "is a
thing I abhor. I believe, though,,
in manliness and pluck, .nd I hope
the time will never come when a.
conversation such as was recently
overheard in a New York club wifl
be typical of American chivalry.
"A New York clubman approach
ed a, friend and whispered anx
iously: "Bludd threatens to kick me th
next time he sees me in company.
If he should come in here now, what
would you advise me to do r
Sit doV was the reply." .
jjueen. ,.