BREEDING AND
USING THE MULE
The male is worth more than any
animal living as a class used for do
mestic purposes and will bring more
"to the square inch and is considered
the safest property to own in the live
stock line, writes J. L. Jones to the
Breeder's Gazette, Chicago. The fact
Is established that the mule as a class
la a more' valuable animal than the
horse as a class, and as the progressive
farmer sees this (and all Americans are
progressive) he will adopt the mule as
the farm animal and motive power for
the drudgery work. Now if the mule
can be bred cheaper, raised cheaper
and is worth more when raised and
matured than the horse, why should
any one be afraid to pursue this busi
ness with a vim and never look back?
The seasons for horses are usually
higher than for jacks to mares, and if
a man has a blemished and decrepit
mare he sends her to the Jack, but bis
best mares be breeds to a horse. If
the mule, with his poor, Insignificant,
ill shapen, cold blooded mother, brings
more than the horse, what could he do
if he had the chance to have for a
dam some of those fine mares that are
stinted to horses whose service fee Is
from $100 up to $500 and often more?
The mule costs less in service fee, is
raised cheaper, eats less and brings
more money when matured than the
horse. The mule lasts longer and can
do more work on less feed than the
horse.
Mr. IXambleton, a Maryland authori
ty, gives this as his experience as to
the cost of raising mules: "From Oct
1 to April 30, when the mule goes to
grass, would be about 1 barrels of
corn (64 bushels) at $3 per barrel (es
timated for an eastern Btate), or $3.75
for the first year; second year, add
one-third, say $5; third year, another
third, $0.G2, all equal to $14.37, cost for
corn at three years old." This esti
mate does not take into consideration
that the mule may be put to work at
two years old and earn his feed. Add
to this for hay and roughage a similar
amount, and you have the cost at $30,
not including grass.
It is said that a mule weighing TOO
pounds at a furnace carried daily 15
tons of ore, 1 tons of shells and slack,
10 tons slag and sand and 8 tons of
sittings and dirt from the ore kilns.
The ore and sand were hauled up an
elevation of 30 feet and a distance of
WEIL BKEO MISSOURI MULE.
300 yards, the other about the same.
This mule did this work for six years
and was still at it when last heard
from. Mules ar? little .subject to dis
ease, as bots and colic. The greatest
work horse troubles disturb mules
but little. Bleeding at the mouth will
cure them of nearly every malady and
disease, anil by being turned out in
pasture they will recover from almost
any accident. Out of 100 mules ct
the works we have not lost an average
of one in two years. We do not recol
lect to have seen but very few wind
broken mules, and we dare say they
are very few. They are rarely defec
tive in the hoofs, although we keep
them regularly shod, but it is not near
ly so important to do so as In the case
of the horse. Their skin is tougher
than that of the horse, and conse
quently they are not much worried by
flies, nor do they suffer as much with
the heat of the summer. They are truer
In starting and never give up if well
driven. The instinct of the mule is
very strong, and he has a better mem
ory, better Judgment and ought to have
better treatment.
Mules are truer pullers than the horse
and quicker travelers with a load.
Their vision and hearing are more
acute. They are less liable to start
suddenly -a fault with the horse. The
mule is more steady in his draft and
less liable to waste his strength;
hence more suitable for all agricul
tural work. Among all the agricul
tural pursuits he is peculiarly suited
for plowing among young crops, his
feet being smaller and following each
other so much more in line that he
seldom treads on the tender plants.
The facility of instructing him to obey
implicitly the voice of the driver or the
plowman is astonishing. The best
plowing of land is often performed
without lines or driver other than the
plowman.
Do not understand me to underrate
the horse by any means, for he is the
noblest animal perhaps of the domestic
kind, but I merely make the plea foT
the mule and seek to put him in his
proper sphere, where burdens are tc
be carried and drudgery and hard
work to be done. I would not draw
back one iota from the horse or his
owners, but would encourage them tc
raise better and more mares which
are to become the dams of the mules.
Coll Closely.
Some of the young sows are not do
ing very well In the way of raising
large litters. Better cull them out.
But don't demand too much. The sow
that will average two litters of six or
eight pigs each is worth keeping, espe
cially if she is able to raise these pigs.
HANDLING COLTS.
Establish Tour Mastery While tbe
A ill mil I la Yonngr-
So much has been said about the
breaking of colts that it 'hardly seems
as if there is anything else to say, but
the Importance of the subject .is full
Justification for a repetition of what
may have been said. What is a horse
worth unless he has good manners
and is under full subjection? With
out these he should be put to such
use as will not require them in any
great measure, but surely he should
not be used except by the best horse
men. Some men can handle almost
any horse, but there are others who
will have trouble with the best Such
a man should be careful to get only
the kind that is well broken and has
good manners, and let the other fel
low that thinks he can handle any of
them have the bad ones at what they
are worth, and we can nearly always
find some one who will take the
chances.
If you feel as If you cannot break
a horse or colt do not try it for he
will discover your fears very quickly.
If you have any reason to fear you
cannot master the colt better get help
or sell him unbroken before taking
the chances of spoiling him and thus
making him so much harder to con
quer. The ideal way Is to begin with
the little fellow while yet weak and
establish your mastery. Keep at it
until he Is old enough to hitch, and
the breaking will be easy. Establish
the kind of fear that will keep Wm
from violating your commands or dis
regarding your authority, but not the
kind of fright that will cause him to
flee at sight of you and make it neces
sary to corner him in order to halter
him. I have seen men in charge of a
bunch of colts who were so brutal to
the little fellows that a comfortable
box 6tall and plenty of good feed
would not induce them to "run, the
gantlet" of passing their keeper to get
in out of a violent winter storm. And
it was my fortune to have the some
colts to break when the time came.
After two or three years of that kind
of treatment, do you think they ever
forgot It? No. Pear was so thor
oughly imbedded in their natures that
they never forgot It It might not be
out of place to state that that farm
had to incur the extra expense of driv
ing them from one to three years be
fore they were safe to sell, and a num
ber of them never were safe, which
was principally on account of the bru
tal treatment they bad received the
first two years of their existence.
While I am always sorry to see any
kind of animal -abused. It is true I
have had a few oolts to break that
had come to that point wheee It seem
ed that only a good sound whipping
would reduce them to subjection.
Kindness and coaxing might hav-e ac
complished the work in time, but men
do not like to pay the trainer for coax
ing and petting their colts Into sub
mission when it seems like an endless
Job. Whether a horse is biddable and
easily broken or shows a disposition to
be headstrong and mean, he must be
brought under subjection by some
method before he can be considered
safe. H. C. Peters Before Ohio Insti
tute. THE FEEDER
Silage is excellent food for sheep if It
is kept sweet in airtight silos. This
may be done, although the silage may
heat and ferment. It improves silage
to let It ferment and then cool down,
but the air must be excluded, so as to
prevent acid fermentation. Silage may
be made of any kind of corn or rye,
cut green, as soon as in the milk stage.
But roots are preferable to all other
kinds of winter feeds, as they will
never ferment and turn sour, and soir
food is quite unfit for sheep. An ex
cellent silo may be made of wood
staves, covered with heavy sheet iron
or tin. No question about the econo
my and advantage of growing the
roots, as this is done so easily and
cheaply, and they are preferable to
any other winter feeding. American
Sheep Breeder.
Bono Strccjftbeners.
The use of F:gar and molasses for
cattle and horse feeding is gaining in
popularity, says the Sugar Beet Laws
In many European countries have been
changed, exempting these products
from taxation when they are to be
used for feeding purposes. When re
cently in Paris our attention was call
ed to certain facts that may be inter
esting to our readers. The omnibus
company of the French city owns over
10,000 horses, and as out of that num
ber there are about 700 broken legs
per annum It was argued that possibly
these accidents were in a measure due
to some faulty combination of the
daily rations. In 1901 the first experi
ments were made, the one kilogram of
sour mash that had hitherto been used
beins substituted by an alkaline mo
lasses combination. The results ob
tained were encouraging beyond the
most sanguine expectations, and in
1002 the number of broken legs was
only seventy-nine. It was concluded
that the extreme fragility of the ani
mals' bony structure was due to the
absence of the requisite mineral ele
ments in their rations. There appears
to be ample medical authority for as
serting that heavy consumers of sugar,
In case of bone fracture, will recover
more . rapidly than when that article
of luxury is eaten in moderation. In
some hospitals patients that are laid
up with compound, fractures of legs or
arms receive In addition to their regu
lar food allowance 150 grains of sugar,
the cost of which is soon covered by
the lesser period needed for the com
plete healing of the bony tissue.
THE SCRUB MUST GCv"!
Improved Breedlna- of Live Stock the
Order of tbe Day.
Years ago when the state fair first
opened it caught us in a state of total
onpreparedness, as it were, especially
on cattle, and very few fine Texas
bred cattle were on exhibition, writes
George H. Hogan in Farm and Ranch.
A few enterprising exhibitors from oth
er states with cattle and hogs saved
the day, so to speak,, and opened the
eyes of our understanding and set us
to thinking along the lines of enlight
enment The state fair was a revela
tion to many, the state press especial
!y. Oar agricultural press at once
turned over a new leaf, and men be
gan to breed along the lines of prac
tical common sense.
It Is a maxim among those best in
formed on the subject that the sire is
much more than half the herd in all
uomesticated animals. Intelligent
breeders all recognize the absolute ne
cessity of an unbroken "blood line" in
the sire, but thousands of our farmers.
who have not taken time to get their
heads above the plow handles long
enough to attend the fairs, are still
plodding along and breeding their
stock, especially cattle, just any old
way, simply to Increase the number
and many times to avoid the payment
of a reasonable breeding fee.
"The scrub must go," is the hand
writing on the walls of our barns and
stables all over our land, whether he
be swine, bovine, equine or the genus
homo. Improved methods, improved
breeding, improved implements, Im
proved seed, are the order of the day
and a failure to adopt which in this
hustling age will certainly bring to
ijrief all who stay in the old ruts.
The competition in everything Is be
coming so sharp that people are be
ing forced to keep informed or they
will be relegated to the rear. Yes, the
scrub must go.
THE SHEPHERD
A young ewe should not be judged
too hastily. She is not at her best
with her first lamb. If she has the
right breeding and the right feeding
she probably will come out all right
with her second offspring.
Save tbe Ewe Lambs.
The man who haa an Inferior flock,
"kind o' brooroeorn ewes," might im
prove his flock faster by selling both
ewes and lambs and buying a few
good ewes and starting anew, and
when a lamb brings nearly as much as
a ewe, as is now the ease, the tempta
tion to part with all the lambs and
take the chances of picking up a few
good ewes later Is too strong for many
to withstand, but good breeding ewes
for sale ate wonderfully scarce and
the prices asked almost prohibitive,
says E. P. Snyder In the National
Stockman and Farmer. The man who
sacrifices all his ewe lambs every year
soon finds himself with a flock of prof
itless, superannuated old ewes and
only finds out his mistake when It is
too late. The man who takes pride in
his flock and always uses a pure bred
ram can well afford to reserve the best
ewe lambs to keep up the standard of
his flock, no matter how- great the
temptation to take advantage of high
prices.
Mona&ement of Lambs.
I rather favor early iambs, but you
must have a warm stable, and more
feed will be needed, says a writer in
the American Agriculturist The ewes
may have less wool than if the lambs
come late. If you are likely to be
come overstocked yon can get rid of
lambs at good prices. The ewes will
be fat in the fall to sell or in prime fix
to breed again. To have good lambs
ready for Easter you must push them
all you can, besides feeding the moth
ers strong feeds. I always have an ex
tra pen for the lambs to go Into, where
I give them sugar to gc& them started
eating. Then I give ground oats and
cornmeal bran, mill wheat sugar
beets an in fact anything ey will
eat, along with plenty of gT?d clover
hay. If I want to keep them I dock
all of them within two weeks from
birth. Those I Intend to sell I omit
For the ewes a good, roomy stable
should be provided during the winter
and also for summer use. to keep them
away from sun and flies. The ewes
must have plenty of exercise, even In
winter time. Their main feed should
be clover hay or alfalfa, If you have
It, with some good cornfodder. I also
give them cut sheaf oats and oats and
shelled corn mixed. Oilmeal, bran
and roots of some kind, with salt and
sulphur, add to their flesh. You must
be careful not to overfeed and should
manage your flock so as to sell the
ewes after the first or second lambing,
to keep up the vitality of the general
flock. Do not overstock. A small
flock does better than a large one.
Mutton Chops.
A ewe gaining In flesh at mating
time is much more likely to produce
a good lamb than one in poor condi
tion. To insure a thrifty and growing con
dition some grain should be given ewes
every day in addition to the pasture.
Scrub rams will make yau scrub for
the money you get. Don't keep them.
Get good ones.
One thing we must get over if we
ever expect to make much with sheep
and that is tying our pocketbooks into
a hard knot when it comes to buying
good sheep for the head of our flocks.
The heep fence needs to be good
and tight two or three feet up from
the ground. Above that it . may be
more open.
Most of ns get so busy about other
things just about this time of the year
that we almost forget the sheep. Tie
a string on your finger rather than
neglect one of the most profitable ani
mals on the farm. Farm Journal.
FALL PLOWING.
Deep Plowing; Brings Inert Soli to
tbe Surface.
- There Is often a difference of opinion
as to how deap soil should be plowed
in the fall. Iowa Homestead has the
following to say on this subject in an
swer to an inquiry:
While the uUne of the soil to some
extent regulates the depth of plowing,
it may be said that on general princi
ples fail plowing should be done fairly
deep. la. tiie case of sandy soils and
sandy loams we would hesitate before
plowing more than four or five inches
deep, for the reason that on such soiis
it is better to keep them firm below
and as far as possible keep the vegeta
bie matter ami manurial constituents
near the surface. There are certain
ligit soils In tli3 corn belt though the
area is s:nal!, th-jt would be more pro
ductive ir they were never plowed,
though cf cDcrse the preparation of a
seed bel necessitates plowing from
time to tire. If. hawever, the disk or
Borne suvfaca cutting implement could
be utilized to prepare the seed bed it
would, in our opinion, increase produc
tion.
However, on average corn belt land
the proposition is entirely different be
cause there is not much danger of fer
tility leaching away, while there seems
to be considerable advantage in hav
ing a good depth of friable soil. We
have In mind a field that was plowed
to a depth of about eight inches In the
fall of 1905 and put to corn this year,
The soil was a rich black loam with a
somewhat stiff subsoil. The corn at
present writing on this field gives ev
ery appearance of reaching a yield of
eighty or ninety bushels per acre, while
the adjoining field, plowed somewhat
shallow, has a much less thrifty ap
pearance, though the soli is identical.
In the case of the deeply plowed soil
the fodder has been of a dark green
color until the husks began to turn,
and as a result nearly all the ears that
formed were fully developed. In the
other field the fodder took on a some
what yellowish appearance when the
corn was in the milk stage and at pres
ent the ears, many of them, have the
appearance of being a little small The
theory of deep plowing is that it brings
a certain amount of inert soil to the
surface, where it is weathered, thus
bringing about the liberation of fertil
ity that would otherwise remain inert.
It may require more work in the spring
to prepare a seed bed on a deeply
plowed soil than where it is plowed
shallow, because it always pays to
make the seed bed firm. However, we
believe that in the case of the deep
plowing the increase In the crop where
corn is grown will much more than pay
for the labor.
The only precaution that we should
advise would be that depth of plowing
should be increased gradually. If a
soli has been plowed to a depth of
not more than four Inches we should
not advise increasing the depth more
than one inch at a time, because if
more inert material than the extra inch
In brought to tbe surface liberation of
fertility may be so slow the first year
as to interfere with maximum produc
tion. By g-Mng an inch deeper each
time until tbe soil is stirred seven oi
eight inches deep one may reasonably
expect good results.
TELEPHONES ON FARMS.
They Help to Quicken Rural Life and
Improve Conditions.
The material advantages of the tele
phone for farmers has frequently been
pointed out. It saves time and "time
is money," but it does much more than
that It is a. great quickener of the
intellectual and social life of farmers,
and this is a fundamental advantage
which is sure to result in material ben
efits. If we desire to improve the condi
tion of any community the fundamen
tal way of going about it is to educate,
to quicken their thoughts and ideas.
Improvements and machinery and Im
proved methods are all necessary, but
buck of these must be the quickened
intelligence. The man who uses his
muscles long hours every day to the
exclusion of healthful mental and so
cial diversion is not a farmer, but a
machine an automaton. It is not
from these that improvement comes.
It is not these who advance. It is the
man who thinks and then puts his
thoughts into acts who improves meth
ods and accomplishes results. A com
munity of such people will be prosper
ous.
The telephone does quicken the, life
of every community in which it be
comes established. It aids in the rapid
dissemination of news. It enables each
farmer to talk to his neighbors any and
every day about anything which mu
tually Interests them. It enables them
to quickly arrange for meetings and
gatherings of all sorts.
Muscle counts for less in farming
than it used to and intelligence counts
for more, but they should both go to
gether. The farmer needs good school?,
good papers and good books, but he
also needs the telephone, concludes a
writer in Farm and Ranch.
Farm Notes.
. Alfalfa Is no lazy man's crop.
Fall plowing is the best on most
farms.
Just watch the cornfields grin from
ear to ear.
If you are afraid of work yon better
let alfalfa alone.
All men who keep bees are not nec
essarily bee keepers.
Alfalfa must have loose soil, and It
can't stand wet feet
Buying a manure spreader beats buy
ing commercial fertilizer.
Corn cut before the frost gets It is
worth more to the cows than that
which Is caught Kimball's Dairy
Farmer.
APPLE HARVEST.
Bow to Handle tbe Crop In am Easy
and Economical Way.
All baskets should be of the half
bushel type, round bottomed, with a
swinging handle, and should be pro
vided with a strong iron hook that can
be hung .upon a limb or on the ladder,
allowing the picker to have both hands
free.
Stepladders are not usually desirable
In apple picking, because that portion
of a tree covered by a stepladder can
be equally well picked from a longer
ladder, and an experienced picker pre
fers not to move his ladder more than
is necessary and also desires to cover
just as much surface on the tree as is
possible with one moving.
Apples should never be handled but
twice, once from the tree and again
from the sorting table. When the sort
ing and packing are done in the field
the picker may deposit his apples di
rect upon the table; otherwise they
should be placed In boxes, crates or
barrels and be removed at once to the
packing house, at which place they
will be cooler, and sorted at some later
time.
The advantages of a good storage
building are twofold, especially in
commercial orchards. When picking
time arrives every effort should be
made to harvest the crop at the earliest
possible moment, and if the grading
and packing were done in the orchard
at the same time it would call for an
extra number of hands, and In these
days, when scarcity of labor and high
prices for the same are such factors In
crop production, it Is by far better
economy to concentrate all efforts to
ward harvesting the crop before at
tempting to prepare It for market
Again, if packing is attempted at the
same time with picking, the manager's
attention will be divided between the
two operations, with the probability
that neither will receive the care It
should have, and still again, unless
fruit Is to be Immediately placed In a
chemical cold storage, it is far better
for it to be stored In a building which
can be thrown open at night when the
air is clear and crisp, as it will be at
that season of the year, and have the
storage closed tightly in the daytime.
Many dealers today give decided pref
erence to fruit which has been stored
in a well ventilated storehouse. They
claim that it will keep practically as
well up to March or April and that
there is much less danger from scald
when taken out of storage.
Shiftless packing really accounts for
more than one-half of all the unsatis
factory returns from fruit and to rem
edy this trouble it calls for the united
efforts of growers and dealers. They
should realize that their interests are
mutual and not antagonistic; that what
ever tends to build up tbe apple In
dustry affects one as well as the other.
Our eastern fruit is, as a rule, better
than the western and, being grown
near the consumer, ought to command
a superior price, and yet it is a fact
because of the better sorting and pack
ing, it drives the home fruit from the
markets. Upon the best brand of fruit
a trademark is often Important some
neat pictorial design or even the name
of the farm or orchard where the fruit
Is 'grown. Cyrus Miller In American
Cultivator.
Cotton Seed.
That like produces like is a law of
plant life to be observed in all details.
From your best field of cotton select
the best portion and In this choice divi
sion mark the most vigorous and pro
ductive plants showing short joints
and fruit limbs near the bottom. The
entire plant should be an exceptional
fruit producer. Seed should be selected
from these marked cotton stalks, but
the top bolls and the bolls on the ends
of the limbs should not go Into the lot
for seed; they tend to make the cotton
later. The bolls selected for seed
should be picked by special field hands,
sent in advance of the regular pickers.
This seed cotton must be stored in a
dry place and watched to atoid mix
ing. Special care must be taken at ths
gin that the gin and floor are free from
all other cotton seed before ginning.
Store this seed in a dry place.
Where greater length of staple is de
sired select for seed such bolls only as
show the longest staple. By careful
selection most any desired qualities or
characteristics can ultimately be se
cured, says a writer in Farm and
Ranch.
Raisins Cabbages.
Seed may be sown between Oct I.
and 15. It may be sown later, but ars
the plants are subjected to severely
cold weather in December it is impor
tant that they should be large enough
at that time to withstand hard frosts.
When the thermometer falls below 21
degrees they are. likely to be killed. To
secure the necessary hardiness and
low stocky growth the seed should be
sown thinly on rather light unmanured
soil. Instead of making a sowing in
the open air after Nov. 1 the careful
gardener will provide against loss by
frost by sowing under glass in cold
frames about Nov. 15. Oemler.
' Call Out tbe Flock.
The young fowls are now almost
fully developed, and we can easily sep
arate the good from the bad. Go over
the flock now and send all those that
are not up to the standard requirement
to the butcher. Do not cull too close,
as some few may outgrow apparent de
fects, and if not they also may be sent
later on.
Often half grown fowls show off col
ored feathers, but after the molt they
discard the feathers, and the new suit
shows no defects.
Cull gradually, but. do not keep any
which are not fully up to the standard
requirements. Home and Farm.
HEAVEN AND HELLH3
Odd Theories as to the Location 4
- Paradise and Hades.
Hell and heaven beliefs had their
origin about the year 150 B. C, and
since that time there have been
thousands of attempts to locate
these places, the one cf future pun
ishment and. the other of everlast
ing happiness. The old mediaeval
idea of hell is the one which gives
us to understand that the devil and
his imps have their furnaces and
their caldrons and other articles of
infernal utility constantly working
somewhere within the bowels of the
earth. On the other hand, we are
told and believe that heaven is an
abode of light, beauty and joy lo
cated far above the earth. One
writer believes that heaven will be
on a planet which will be prepared
for the saints in the last day, and
another believes that this earth;
burned over and purified by fire,
will be the final resting place of
those who escape the horrors of
perpetual punishment in the hell
that has been prepared or those
who love sin." Dr. Whiston, the
friend of Sir Isaac Newton and the
first of the great race of "specula
tive astronomers," believes that hell
is located on a comet.
But the most curious theory we
have ever investigated was that advanced-
by Dr. Mortimer, author of
"The Spirit of God as Fire." One
of the Beveral substitutes of this re
markable book was one which gave
the reader to understand that the
author believed that heaven is lo
cated on the inner globe of the sun.
This substitute was "The Globe
Within the Sun Our Heaven." Ac
cording to Mortimer's theory, our
sun is surrounded bv an envelone or
photosphere of flame 100,000 miles
itself. Taken all together, this idea
of the photosphere is a vast non
luminous void. Farther on is the
great globe of the sun itself.
Taken all together, this idea of
the sun may be aptly compared to a
peach or plum. The envelope of
flame occupies the place of the skin,
the "vast nonluminous void" the
place of the meat of the fruit and
the central globe (true" 6un) the
place of the seed. On this sun
globe, inside the great fiery envel
ope, Dr. Mortimer believed heaven
to be fiituated. The photosphere or
envelope of fire he took to be hell
or the place of future punishment
for the wicked. The "nonluminous
void," according to Mortimer, is the
"great gulf between," which is men
tioned quite frequently in the Scrip
tures. RIGHTS UNDER A PATENT.
Each of the Three Constitutes a Sepa
rate Monopoly.
To make, to use and to sell ar
the only ways in which an invention
is capable of commercial enjoyment.
The patentee can, if he wishes, sit
down and not only not use the in
vention himself, but prevent other?
from making or using or selling tfce
patented thing. If any one else
makes, uses or sells the subject of
the patent the courts will grant thu
patentee an injunction against fur
ther infringement and a recovery of
the profits made.
Each of these three rights ts
make, to use and to sell is a sep
arate monopoly and may, by proper
instruments, be granted or sold sep
arately. For instance, a patentee of
a machine could grant to a manu
facturer the exclusive right to make
the machines for him (of course un
der proper restrictions as to price,
etc.), and the manufacturer would
be an infringer if he used the ma
chines or sold them to others. The
patentee could then grant to a job
ber the exclusive right to sell the
machines (reserving proper compen
sation to himself, such as a percent
age of the profits), and the jobber
would be an infringer if he either
made or used the machine. The
exclusive right to use the machines
could then be granted to a given
consumer, who in turn would have
no right to make or sell the ma
chines. The exclusive right to use an in
vention for each of several given
1 j. i n in
purposes can oe separately soia. r cr
instance, a patentee of a process fcr
making watch dials not only soil
the exclusive right to make watch
dials by that process, but he also
sold to a separate company the e::--elusive
right to use the process i:i
making, enameled signs under tha
same patent. The watch manufac
turer would have been an infringe.
if he had made signs and, vice versa,
the sign manufacturer would have
been restrained from making watch
dials.
A process of drying gunpowder,
was found to be applicable to dry
ing breakfast foods, and the owners,
after getting all they had ever look
ed for from the patent from the
gunpowder rights, reaped a second
and unexpected harvest from the
sale of the rights for breakfast
foods. The rights under a patent
for a machine can be divided in the
same way. Edwin J. Prindle in
Engineering Magazine.