Lincoln's
, ''-''wSa?" Lincoln. Birthplace
V llllll -HHMMI
! CHAPTER I.
rTiie Short and Simple Annals of the
Poor."
BR AH AM LIN
COLN was born
on the 12th day
-
en name was
Nancy Hanks.
At the time of
his birth they
are supposed to
DANIEL BOONE.
have been married about three years,
aiwinaa Lincoln's ancestors were
among the early settlers of Rocking
ham county, in Virginia, but exact
Hy whence they came or the precise
time of their settlement there it Is im
jossible to tell. They were manifestly
f English descent, but whether emi
grants directly from England to Vir
ginia or an offshoot of the historic Lin
Coin family in Massachusetts or of the
highly respectable Lincoln family in
(Pennsylvania is a question left en
tirely to conjecture. Thomas Lincoln
himself stoutly denied that his progen
itors were either Quakers or Puritans,
but he furnished nothing except his
own word to sustain his denial. On the
contrary, some of the family (distant
relatives of Thomas Lincoln) who re-
atives or Muomas uwwuij nU re-
tin in Virginia believe themselves to,
ma
tave sprung from the New England
itofk. They found their opinion solely
ou the fact that tue Christian names
given to the sons of the two families
were the same, though only in a few
cases and at different times. The pro
genitors of all the American Lincolns
were Englishmen, and they may have
been Puritans. There is, therefore,
nothing unreasonable in the supposition
that they began the practice of confer
ring such names before the emigration
of any of them, and the names, becom
ing: matters of family pride and family
tradition, have continued to be given
ever since.
Dr. Holland, who, of all Mr. Lincoln's
biographers, has entered most exten
sively into the genealogy of the family,
says that the father of Thomas was
Darned Abraham, but he gives no au
thority for his statement. The Hankses
John and Dennis who passed a great
part of their lives in the company of
Thomas Lincoln, tell us that the name
of his father was Mordecai, and so also
does Colonel Chapman, who married
Thomas Lincoln's stepdaughter. The
rest of those who ought to know are
unable to assign him any name at all.
Dr. Holland says further that this
Abraham (or Mordecai) had four broth
ersJacob, John, Isaac and Thomas;
that Isaac went to Tennessee, where
his descendants are now; that Thomas
went to Kentucky after his brother
Abraham, but that Jacob and John
"are supposed to have" remained in
Virginia.
This is doubtless true, at least so far
as It relates to Jacob and John, for
there are numerous Lincolns in Rock
ingham county, the place from which
the Kentucky Lincoln emigrated. One
of their ancestors, Jacob, who seems to
be the brother referred to, was a lieu
tenant in the army of the Revolution
and present at the siege of Yorktown.
His military services were made the
ground of a claim against the govern
ment, and Abraham Lincoln, while a
representative in congress from Illi
nois, was applied to by the family to
assist them in prosecuting it.
Lincoln, the emigrant, had three sons
and two daughters. Thomas was the
third son and the fourth child. He was
born in 1778, and in 17S0 or a little
later his father removed with his en
tire family to Kentucky.
The Borderers' Paradise.
Kentucky was then the paradise of
the borderers" dreams. Fabulous tales
of its sylvan charms and pastoral beau
ties had for years beeu floating about.
For awhile it had been known as the
"cane country." Many expeditions
were undertaken to explore it, two or
three adventurers and occasionally only
one at a time passing down the Ohio in i
canoes. But they all stopped short of
the Kentucky river. The Indians were
terrible, and it was known that they
would surrender any other spot of
earth in preference to Kentucky. The
canes that were supposed to indicate
the promised laud those canes of won
drous dimensions that shot up as thick
as they could stand from a soil of in
estimable fertility were forever re
ceding before those who sought them.
One party after another returned to
report that, after incredible dangers
and hardships, they had met with no
better fortune than that which had at
tended the efforts of their predecessors,
and that they had utterly failed to find
the "cones." At last they were actually
found, by Simon Kenton, who stealthily
planted . Uttle patch of com to see
bow she stalk that bore the yellow
grain sraatd gxw besUe its -toother"
of the-yilipniess. trei oof day
Boyhood
WARD
HILL
LAMON,
His Friend,
Partner
Bodyguard
fS
tree "watching his little assemble of
sprouts and wondering ; at the strange
fruitfulness of the earth which fed
them when he heard a footstep behind
him. It was the great Daniel Boone's .
They united, tneir iortunes ior tne pres-
ent, but subsequently each of them be-
came the chieTof a considerable settle-
ment Kenton's trail had been
1809. His fa- ' . directions soon was dark and coarse, his complexion, Es
ther's name' "J. LSterto brown. Ms face round and ful1' Ma NanCy HankS S early Sent t0 Uve
w a s Thomas . came hunters, warriors and settlers to eyeg gray and Mg noge large and prom. with her uncle and aunt, Thomas and
Lincoln, and his ! JOS,t rhl' rndIana had no thousrht of Inent- He weighed, at different times, Betsy Sparrow, and became so corn
mother's maid- , ?!ULJ? J l from 170 to 196. He was built so Pletely identified with them that many
-.-. i inin Knnna'o tiatti Mirrn i HrnnnH
.46 &
ebllSLSteSS
Z possession of it and S trloe or
the possession or it ana no moe or
confederacy of tribes had
St Here fr'L time ImSmoria Z
rest. Here from time immemorial tne
SSSTmS'eSS
western Indian .had met eacnotnerin
blood which ought to have been hus
cf this savage warfare had earned for
Kentucky the appellation of "the dark
and bloody ground," and ow that the
whites had fairly begun their encroach-
ments upon it, tne Indians were resoiv-
ed that the phrase should lose none
of its old significance. White settlers
might therefore count upon fighting for
their lives as well as their lands.
Boone did not make his final settie
luani till 1775. The Lincolns came about
l-on h.t a .i.. , . . i -v
&1ou. me nuuie ui me uuiu.
west territory was then occupied by
JJtJ
fa(1 yet before them many a day
oC bst n(i bloouy woi-k on tne Oino,
me Muskingum auu tne aiiami, to say
nothing of the continental surprises to
Everv man's 1'e was i n his hand
From cabin to cabin from settlement
i rom caDm to camn rrom settlement ,
to settlement, his trail was dogged by
' 1
subsistence by hunting, he was hunted
On the journey out the Lincolns are
Paid to have endured many hardships
and encountered all the usual dangers.
includine several skirmishes with" the
including jseverai surmisnes witn tne
-nai- v.,L ..w, oku
ty. Their house was a rough log cabin,
their farm a little clearing in the midst
of a vast forest. One morning not long
after their settlement the father took
Thomas, his youngest son, and went to
build a fence a short distance from the
house. while the other brothers, Morde-1
cal and Josiah, were sent to another
field not far away. They were all In- ui.t nu, uwveuwu m ui 3
tent about their work when a shot from hne ,wereI,no bTeTtter those hia
a party of Indians in ambush broke the Previous life. He was employed occa-
"llstening stillness" of the woods. I siasnally to, do rouSh wff,k "at "Pf
! neither science nor skill, but nobody
Killed by Indians. I alleges that he ever built a house or
The father fell dead, Josiah ran to a! pretended to do more than a few little
stockade two or three miles off. Mor- odd jobs connected with such an under-
decai, the eldest boy, made his way to taking.
the house and, looking out from the Some time in the year 1S0G he mar
loophole in the loft, saw an Indian in ried Nancy Hanks. It was in the shop
the act of raising his little brother from ; of her uncle, Joseph Hanks, at Eliza
THB FATHER FELL DEAD.
the ground. He., took deliberate aim at
a silver ornament on the breast of the
Indian and brought him down. Thomas
sprang toward the cabin and was ad
mitted by his mother, while Mordecai
renewed his fire at several other In
dians that rose from the covert of the
fence or thicket. It was not long until thriving and prosperous farmer, in
Josiah returned from the stockade with duced her to marry him.
a party of settlers, but the Indians had
fled, and none was found but the dead
one and another who was wounded and
had crept Into the top of a fallen tree.
When this tragedy was enacted Mor
decai was a Well, grown boy. He seems
to have hated Indians ever after with
a hatred which ijras singular for its In
tensity, eyea'jn those times. Many
years afterward his neighbors believed
that he wafln the habit of feUowing
- . ... .. .. .
through. The Beruements ia oma c &v.v
snrreptltlona-shots at-mem, and it was
no secret that he Had killed more than
one in that wav
Immediately after the death of her
husband the widow abandoned the
scene of her misfortunes and removed
to Washington county, near the town of
Springfield, where she lived until the
youngest of her children had grown up.
Mordecai and Josiah remained there
until late in life and were always nam-
bered among the best people in the
neighborhood. -
Thomas seems to have been the only
member of the family whose character
was not entirely respectable. He was
idle, thriftless, poor, a hunter and a
rover. One year he wandered away oft
to his uncle, on the Holston, near the
r.fir.Aa nf Tennessee. Another vear
he wandered into Breckinridge county,
JXellTZt-
St
whipping- him In 1S06 we
Sardnf county Vying tl
JEJE r?ade
-
lloaa T k k -
tbin like Abraham but comparatively
.
xeet ten incues m uib ouucs. .- xaia mu
d compact.. that Dennis
HaSs dfares he'never could find the
lXd separation between his ribs,
He was
a ule stoop sn0Uldered and walked
a slowhalting step. But he was
m d b d M habitually
SSS- i once fairly oveJ-
& tremen(ioug man In a
rough and tumble fight. He thrashed
.v.r.r.or.nv.a TmiIItt vP TtKOflL-tn ra
yZ
ltbout a scratch-
-om" and "Linckhem."
His vagrant career had supplied him
an inexhaustible und of anec-
d()tes hich he told cleverlv well.
He Ioved to sit about at "stores" or
under shade trees and "spin yarns, a
propensity which atoned for many sins
and made him extremely popular. In
politics he was a Democrat a Jackson
TVtmnnrnt' Tn rcT i cri nn tiA wna n ni Tn rr
m
t to and a member Df various de-
nominati(ma bv trnSa Free Will
Baptist in Kentucky, a Presbyterian in
In(liana and a Disciple-vulgarly called
Campbeiiite-in Illinois. In this latter
commimion he seems to have died.
u ought h to be mentloned
iat . both in Virginia and Kentucky
his name was commonly pronounced
..jnekhorfi" and in Indiana "Linck-
. A naJttnt wfls sn WTiir . ... ;
his real name altogether. As he never
ir-1'Atn if- a f- cili iii-i-t-il a ftar Vita ri- a tti a or
aud ,t then oQly mecnanicallyf j
storekeeper here and there j
who had a small account against him.
whetber . was properly "Lincoln,"
..Lmckhorn Qr "Linckhem" was not
definitely settled until after Abraham
began to write, when, as one of the
neighbors has It, "he remodeled the
spelling and corrected the pronuncia
tion," By the middle of 1806 Lincoln had ac-
'juired a Ter-V "mited knowledge of the
carpenter s trade and set up on his own
bethtown, in Hardin county, that he
essayed to learn the trade. We have no
record of the courtship, but any one
can readily imagine the numberless oc
casions that would bring together the
niece and apprentice. It is true that
Nancy did net live with her uncle, but
the Hankses were all very clannish,
and she was doubtless a welcome and
frequent guest at his house. It is ad
mitted by all the old residents of the
place that they were honestly married,
but precisely when or how no one can
tell. Diligent and thorough searches by
the most competent persons have failed
to discover any trace of the fact in the
public records of Hardin and the ad
joining counties. At the time of their
union Thomas was twenty-eight years
of age and Nancy about twenty-three.
Lincoln had previously courted a girl
named Sally Sarah Bush, who lived
In the neighborhood of Elizabethtown,
but his suit was unsuccessful, and she
became the wife of Johnston, the jailer.
Sally Bush was a modest and pious
girl, in all things pure and decent. She
was very neat in her personal appear
ance, and because she was particular
In the selection of her gowns and com
pany had long been accounted a "proud
body," who held her head above com
mon folks. But she had a will as well
as principles of her own, and she lived
to make them both serviceable to the
neglected and destitute son of Nancy
Hanks. Thomas Lincoln took another
wife, but he always loved Sally Bush,
and years afterward, when her hus
band and his wife were both dead, he
returned suddenly from the wilds of
Indiana and, representing himself as a
Lincoln's Mother.
Nancy Hanks, who accepted the hon
or which Sally. Bush first refused, was
a slender, symmetrical woman of me
dium stature, a brunette, with dark
hair, regular features and soft, .spar
kling hasel eyesN' Tenderly bred, f she
might: hire-, been' beauttfuU but hard
labor, and hard: usage. berif hisrhadd-
some JfirpjoA ininjrjtd ajnral
coarseness to ner features long before
. , , . . . -J. , . ,
- -
Zl Z ?E iT-
. sad, and the latter habitually -wore the
:. woeful egression which afterward dis-
tmgmshed the countenance of her son
repose.
B? ner family her understanding was
considered something wonderful. John
Hanks spoke reverently of her "high
and intellectual forehead," which he
considered but the proper seat of fac-
Ues like hers. Compared with the
mental poverty of her husband and rel-
atives, her accomplishments were cei--
tainly very great, for it is related by
Pride ari delight that she
could actually read and write. Thepos-
session of these arts placed her far
ab0Te ner associates, and after a little
while eTen Thomas began to meditate
nPn importance of acquiring them.
a co rntrs
near at hand, and with much effort
she taught him what letters composed
bis name and how to put them together
ma stiff and clumsy fashion. Hence-"
forth he signed no more bv makma his
. . - nowhere stated that he
mark, buMt is nowhere stated that he
tl lr ZZLlTZ
supposed her to have been their child.
They reared her to womanhood, fol-
lowed her to Indiana, dwelt under the
same roof, died of the same disease at
nearly the same time and were buried
close beside her. They were the only
parents she ever knew, and he must
have called them by names appropriate
to that relationship, for several persons
who saw them die and carried them to
their srraves believed that thpv were in
fact her father and moer.
. The Hankses claim that their ances-
Sfito
yvith the Lincolns and settled near
them m Mercer count
Branches of both families maintained
a m0re or ?ess intimate connection with
the fortunes of Thomas Lincoln, and
the early life of Abraham was closely
interwoven with theirs. '
-r , A -v- j i - ,.i a
AjXUCOIII IUUH IXaUfV L(J llVC 111 U
0n one of the allevs of Elizabethtown.
!lJl
bare of furniture, was about fourteen
feet square, had been three times re-
moved and twice used as a slaughter
house and once as a stable Here a
daughter was born on the 10th day of
February, 1807, who was called Nancy
during the life of her mother and after
her death Sarah,
Lincoln's Desolate Birthplace.
Thomas Lincoln soon wearied of Eliz
abethtown and carpenter work. He
thought he could do better as a farmer,
(or Sarah) removed to a piece of land
on the south fork of Nolin creek, three
miles from Hodgensville and about
thirteen miles from Elizabethtown.
What estate he had or attempted to get
in this land is not clear from the pa
pers at hand. It is said he bought It,
but was unable to pay for it. It was
very poor, the landscape of which it
formed a part was extremely desolate,
and It was nearly destitute of timber.
On every side the eye rested only upon
weeds and low bushes and "barren
grass." It was, on the whole, as bad a
piece of ground as there was in the
neighborhood and would hardly have
sold for a dollar an acre. The general
appearance of the surrounding country
was not much' better. A few small but
pleasant streams Nolin creek and its
tributaries wandered through the val
leys. The land was generally what is
called "rolling" that is, dead levels in
terspersed by little hillocks. Nearly all
of it was arable; but, except the mar
gins of the water courses, not much of
it was sufficiently fertile to repay the
labor of tillage. Here it was only by
incessant labor and thrifty habits that
an ordinary living could be wrung
from the earth.
The family took up their residence in
a miserable cabin which stood on a lit
tle knoil in the midst of a barren glade.
Near by a "romantic spring" gushed
from beneath a rock and sent forth a
slender but silvery stream, meander
ing through those dull and unsightly
plains. As it furnished almost the only
pleasing feature in the melancholy
desert through which it flowed the
place was called after it, "Rock Spring
Farm."
In addition to this single natural
beauty Lincoln began to think in a lit
tle while that a couple of trees would
look well and might even be useful if
judiciously planted in the vicinity of
his bare house yard. This enterprise he
actually put into execution, and years
afterward three decayed pear trees
constituted the only memorials of him
or his family to be seen about the
premises.
In that solitary cabin, on this deso
late spot, the illustrious Abraham Lin
coln was born on the 12th day of Feb
ruary, 1809. The Lincolns remained on
Nolin creek until Abraham was four
years old. They then removed to a
place much more picturesque and of
far greater fertility. It was situated
about six miles from Hodgensville, on
Knob creek, a very clear stream. This
farm was well timbered and more hilly
than the one on Nolin creek. It con
tained some rich valleys, which prom
ised such excellent yields that Lincoln
bestirred himself most vigorously and
actually got into cultivation the whole
of six acres, lying advantageously up
and down the branch.
This, however, was not all the work
he did, for he still continued to pother
occasionally at his trade; but, no mat
ter what he turned his hand to, bis
gains were equally insignificant, fie
was satisfied with Indifferent abetter,
. ajjef'corn brea a milk
was an Tie asKeec,JtKm KaHCTtiaivtery -observed
that "happiness was the end
of life with him.1 The purchase of the
Knob creek farm must have been a
mere speculation, with all the pay-1
ments deferred, for the title remained '
In Lincoln but a single year. The deed
was made to him Sept 2, 1S13, and
Oct 27, 1814, he conveyed 200 acres to ;
Charles Milton, leaving thirty-eight I
acres of the tract unsold. No public j
record discloses what he did with the '
remainder. If he retained any interest
in it for the time it was probably per
mitted to be sold for taxes. The last
of his transactions in regard to this
land took place two years before his
removal to Indiana.
Young Abe's Close Call.
In the meantime Dennis Hanks en
deavored to initiate young Abraham,
now approaching his eighth year, in the
mysteries of fishing and led him on
numerous tramps up and down the
picturesque branch the branch whose
waters were so pure that a white peb
ble could be seen in a depth of ten
feet. On one occasion when attempting
to "coon" across the stream by swing
ing over on a sycamore tree Abraham
lost his hold and, tumbling into deep
water, was saved only by the utmost
exertions of the other boy. But with
all this play, the child was often seri
ous and sad. With the earliest dawn of
reason he began to suffer and endure,
and it was that peculiar moral train
ing which developed both his heart and
his intellect with such singular and as
tonishing rapidity.
It is not likely that Thomas Lincoln
cared a straw about his education. He
had none himself and is said to have
admired "muscle" more than mind.
Nevertheless, as Abraham's sister was
going to school for a few days at a
time he was sent along, as Dennis
Hanks remarks, more to bear her com
pany than with any expectation or de
sire that he would learn much himself.
One of the masters, Zachariah Riney,
taught near the Lincoln cabin. The
other, Caleb Hazel, kept his school
nearly four miles away, on the
"Friend" farm, and the hapless chil
dren were compelled to trudge that
long and weary distance with spelling
book and "dinner," the latter a lunch
of corn bread. Hazsl could teaeh read
ing and writing after a fashion, and &
iittle arithmetic. But his great qualifi
cation for his office lay in the strength
of his arm and his power and readiness
to "whip the big boys." '
But as time wore on the infelicities
of Thomas Lincoln's life in this neigh
borhood became insupportable.' He was
gaining neither riches nor credit and,
being a wanderer by natural Inclina
tion, began to long for a change. His
decision, however, was hastened by cer
tain troubles which culminated in a
j desperate combat between him and one
j Abraham Enlow. They fought like sav
j ages, but Lincoln obtained a signal and
' permanent advantage by biting off the
nose of his antagonist, so that he went
bereft all the days of his life and pub
lished his audacity and its punishment
wherever he showed bis face. But the
affray and the fame of it made Lincoln
more anxious than ever to escape from
Kentucky. He resolved, therefore, to
leave these scenes forever and seek a
rooftree beyond the Ohio.
The lives of his ' father and mother
and the history and character of the
family before their settlement in In
diana were topics upon which Abra
ham Lincoln never spoke but with
great reluctance and significant re
serve. (To be Continued.)
For County Commissioner.
Hon. Wm. A. Jolly, the pre
sent Com.ty Commissioner of
Benton county, is a thoroughly
competent man in every parti
cular as his life work has abund
antly shown. He has spent a
long and successful experience in
Benton county. He is thoroughly
acquaiuU with the 'vauts and
needs of the people in the hut
of duty as county commissioner.
H:s recent experience in this
office for the last four years well
enables him to continue the work
having this ripe experience to
start with on a new term. The
business of Benton county is of
considerable im jjn 1 1 nd in vol 'A-i
.Mil.
of
p. vers' ti'on.y, no VI;. Juliv'
v-xjjerit-n ' v 1; .!" iiiuc-i in mv
fit io tn- people. He- deceives
wi-11 oi t!'i: iviv. ui'ctbii- consider
ation. Subscribe for the Gazette.
'oley's Kidney Cure
Hunan Blood Marks.
A tale of horror was told by marks of
human blood in the home of J W. Wil
liams, a well known merchant of Bac.
Ky. He writes: "Twenty years ago I
had severe hemorrhages of the lunga and
was near dath whsn I began taking
D". .King's New Discover'. lt complete
ly caied me and I bare remained well
ever since. "It cures hemorrhages,
Chronic Cough, Settled colds and Bron
chitis, and is the ' only knows care for
weak langs;- Every botUa guaranteed by
ie Wood van dngKiit,t.te;(and
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Administrator Jof the Estate of Henry Hol
royd, deceased.
Is the Moon Inhabited.
Science has proven thRt the moon has
an atmosphere, which . makes life in.
some form possible on that taleliite; but
not for humn beings, who have a hard
time on this earth of ours; especially
those who don't know that Electric Bit
trs cures headache, Billionsness, Mal
aria, Chills and fever, Janndjce. Dyspep
sia, DizaiaesH, Torpid Liver, Kidney
Complaint. General Ppbiliiy and female
weaknesses. Unequalled as a general
tonic aad appetizer for wmk perrons and
especially iheuged. It iodace seaad
-lw. Fnlly t'"'"-'-'-"4! by Allen &.
Woodward. Prn- nl f.
Good Judgement.
la the essential characteristic of men
and woman. Invaluable ' to good busi
ess men and necessary to housewives.
A woman shows good judgement when
she buys White's Cream Vermifuge
for her baby . The best worm medicine
ever offered to mothers: May
indeed are the' sensible motkerSi " who
write their gratitude for the good , health '
ofltheir children,, Which they- owe t the
use' of White's Cream Vetmifaste. i.' Said
they
I rk Orttemft Worths;.:-.- it.m. ?U.
'i JSM--!-. '44. .tL'Vji'-JUYliy
.Run imm-ta. -hu-- -m:-i-.