itiuudANUd mm
less to Kurcpatkln's Army Esti
mated at 200,000 Men.
TWO ARMY CORPS ARE CUT OFF
-Almost Without Supplies and Capture
Seems Certain Will Greatly "
Increase Number Taken.
' Tokio, March 11 . All news reaching
-Japan, both official, semi-official and
from gome other sources, emphasizes
-what hn.n heen natent to military stu
dents for the past week, that the pres-
- Ant vYincvomoTit at. Afnkrlpri ifl tlifl orflaf.
-est strategy of the war and is being at
tended by what is really a series of
.-stupendous battles that will go down in
history as one of the bloodiest and most
'terriffic military conflicts -of ancient or
modern times.
From most closely informed quarters
it is learned that conservative estimates
-of Russian casualties exceed 150,000,
while 50,000 Russians were taken pns
oners at the culmination of Marshal
Oyama's great flanking strategy. While
' so figures are obtainable here on the
'-Japanese losses, there is no reason to
believe that they were much less than
the casualties suffered by the enemy,
-although, of course, no Japanese have
been captured. . Neither army has
-spared men in the supreme encounter.
While the present distribution of
"General Kuropatkin's army, other
than that part of the main body which
is being harassed in retreat to the north
of Mukden, is difficult to determine it
was semi-officially reported yesterday
that two army corps were still west of
IMukden in an isolated position almost
"without supplies. They have small
chances of cutting through the Japan'
ese cordon and will in all probability
te added to the great mass of prisoners
taken when Mukden fell.
The Russians are attempting to con
centrate toward the south and southeast
of Mukden with the Japanese occupy
ing the city threatening their rear. In
this vicinity, however, where Russians
are massing in front of the Japanese
Tight is expected the fiercest fighting
-for the next few days.
General Noei is still marching to the
eastward completing the circle and cut
ting on every possible loophole of
cape. The disorderly character of the
Tetreat indicates that the rapid mover
xnent of Japanese columns caught Gen
ial Kuropatkin entirely unprepared.
"The latest news is that a portion of the
-Japanese center is pressing the Russian
cumin body northward. :
FUNDS FOR COLUMBIA JETTY.
As Finally Passed,- Bill Allows Expen
diture of $700,000.
Washington, March 11. From let
ters "which he has received, Senator
Fulton finds there is a geenral misun--derstanding
in Oregon as to what ap
propriation was actually made in the
river and harbor bill for improving the
mouth of the Columbia river. The fact
is this: ; . ' ,
The bill as enacted carries a cash ap
propriation of $400,000 and -, authorizes
the expenditure of $300,000 additional
"which latter amount will be provided
"in the sundry civil bill to be passed
next session. As the bill passed the
siiouBe, it carried $300,000 cash and au-
thorized an additional $300,000 in the
next sundry civil bill. Senator Fulton
appealed to the senate committee to in'
rease the cash appropriaiton,-but his
request was turned down. When the
bill was being considered in the senate
lie offered and secured the adoption
of
an amendment increasing the cash ap
propriation to $450,000. The bill then
"went to conference and Chairman Bur
ton endeavored to restore the house ap
propria tion, but the senate conferees
"would not consent. A compromise was
finally reached and $50,000, one-third
of the amount added by the senate,
was cut off. As the blil finally passed!
it carried $100,000 more than was pro-
riaeain the house bill.
Armed Peasants on Warpath.
London, March 11. A dispatch from
Kieff to the Daily Mail says: "An
army ot 3,000 peasants from the Or-
lovka district is advancing ' southwest
erly. Burning and looting of estates
is in progress. Eighteen estates have
already been sacked. " The Michaeloff-
ky sugar refinery has been burned and
the employes have been robbed. It is
also reported that the peasants have
burned a refinery belonging to the
crown. A strong military force has
been sent to suppress the rising, and
bloody conflict is feared.
l Demand Their Old Rights.
. "St. Petersburg, March 11. The Bal
tic provinces! the Russification of
which was regarded as practically com,
pleted, hare been encouraged by recent
developments to again demand the re
storation of some or . all ; of their an
cient rights.-; -. A wel'-developed move
ment, backed by the nobles and Intel
ligent classes, is now openly demand
ing that the teaching of German in the
schools be revived, and that native offi.
iahj conduct provincial affairs.
. - Irving Will Tour America.
London, March 11. Sir Henry Irv.
ing has signed a contract for an Amer
ican tour under the management of
Charles Frohman, beginning, in Oc-
tober. He probably will open in New
York between October 10 and 15, and
will make a farewell tour lasting 20
weeks, of all the principal cities. ;
GERMAN CLAIMS ARE TOO HIGH
Negotiation for Settling the Samoan
Indemnity Drag.
Washington, March 13. The nego
tiations between America, Great Brit
ain and Germany looking to a settle
ment of the Samoan indemnity claims,
have practically come to a standstill,
owing to a wide difference of opinion as
to the extent of damage sustained by
the German subjects in the Samoan
group as a result of joint operations by
the American and British naval forces
in 1900 to suppress a rebellion.
The question of the liability of Amer
ica and Great Britain for the damages
sustained by German plantation owners
was decided by King Oscar of Sweden,
favor of the claimants in 1902, but
the arbitrator did not attempt to assess
individual damages, leaving this to be
adjusted by negotiation. These negoti
ations have dragged along ever since
1902, and the principals now find them
selves no nearer an agreement than at
the beginning. ' The German claims
amount to about $65,000. The British
and American negotiators insist that
this sum is excessive and that $25,000
is a good price for the property de
stroyed.
It is probable it will be necessary to
appoint a commission to take testimony
as to the extent of the actual damage,
though the smallness of the amount in
volved would seem to make this an
unduly expensive undertaking.
Meanwhile the claimants are becom
ing, restive and are bringing pressure to
bear on the German government to se
cure settlement. .
WILL NOT GIVE UP.
Czar Will Send Another Army to the
Far East. ; "
St. Petersburg, March 13. rue im
mediate answer of the Russian govern
ment to the defeat at Mukden is the an
nouncemet that a new army will be
raised and the forces in the Far East
reorganized; that Vice Admiral Rojest-
vensy will be ordered to sail on and try
conclusions with Togo, and that the
war will be prosecuted to the bitter
end. -. . ;V
This is the present temper of Emper
or Nicholas and his dominant advisers,
voiced in a firm official announcement
that the position of Russia is unchang
ed, and that the initiative for peace can
only come from Japan. Should the
island empire choose to tender "moder
ate ' terms and recognize its adversary
as the power in the ar .hast, peace
could be easily arranged ; but the voice
of her diplomacy nr various parts of
the world indicates that she is not
ready to do this, and the Russian gov
ernment, with the full magnitude of
the disaster at Mukden still undeter
mined, but with the 1905 campaign
seemingly already hopelessly compro
mised, retreat to Harbin inevitable and
Vladivostok practically lost, declares
that the time has not yet come when
Russia can be forced to humble herself
HE HAS DODGED OYAMA'S TRAP
Kuropatkin's Line of Retreat Secure,
Though-Japs Pound Both Sides,
St. Petersburg, March 13. Russia
still has an army in the Far East and
its line of retreat is not cut. . Field
Marshal Oyama's trap was again sprung
too late to bag the prey he desired,
and, though pounded on the rear and
both flanks, and losing heavily in kill
ed, wounded and prisoners, General
Kuropatkin with the main portions of
his forces intact is falling slowly back
to Tie pass, where a considerable part
of his army has already arrived and
joined hands with the reserves in pre
paring a position behind which the
beaten army may find shelter.
General Kuropatkin himself, - with
the rear guard, was reported Saturday
afternoon in the vicinity of Syanzia. 25
miles below Tie pass, having accom
plished some 15 miles of his retreat.
and being already beyond the jaws - of
the trap as originally set. How many
of his men he was obliged to leave be
hind, and whether any of the units
of
his army were cut off or captured
be-
fore the retreat began is not stated.
Arizona Has a New Climate.
El Paso, Tex., March 13. The whole
territory of Arizona is covered'with
water as a result of the heavy rains and
snows and in many places the desert
that has not known water for a decade
is now a lake. At Silver City there has
fallen 28 inches of rain during the last
eight months, and rivers heretofore dry
are now crossed by ferryboats. All re
cords for moisture have been broken in
this entire section. Railroads are de
moralized, not only from washouts but
from soft tracks and many miles will
have to be rebuilt. ' .
Investigate Railroad Rates.
Washington, March 13. Railroad
rate legislation was the subject of
talk today between the president' and
Senator Jklkins,. chairman of the inter
state commerce committee of the sen
ate. , Senator Elkins said it was the
purpose of the committee to begin its
investigation of the rate question next
Tuesday. Senator Elkins suggested
that November next would be early
enough to call an extraordinary session
if one were called at all..
Only Awaits Third Squadron.
Paris, March 13. Vice Admiral
Doubasoff, who has arrived here from
London 'on his way to St. Petersburg,
in an interview with the Echo de Paris,
says Admiral, Rojestvensky's - squadron
is not , returning to the Baltic sea, but
is simply cruising and awaiting the ar
rival of the third squadron under Ad
miral Nebogatoff.. -When this junction
is made they will proceed immediately
to the Far .tiast.
DEMORALIZED
Retreat of Russian Army Turned
Into a Rout.
SUPPLIES AND GUNS GIVEN UP
Rough Estimates Make Total Losses
Over 100,000 Men Japanese
Follow Up Advantage.
Tokio. March 9. Defeated all along
the line, with thousands of men killed
and wounded, his army turned into a
demoralized mob of men who no longer
obey the orders of their officers, an
enormous percentage of his munitions
of war and artillery lost to him, Having
been abandoned to the victorious Jap-
anese or destroyed to prevent iauing
into their hands, General Kuropatkin
is at last reports making frantic efforts
to save something from the wreck and
is withdrawing all of his reserves north
ward to a point where he can reason
ably hope to reorganize his defeated
army. In the meantime, the Japanese
soldiers on the right, left and center
are pressing in on the fleeing Russians
and will make an attempt to com
pletely annihilate the soldiers of the
czar.
The result of the fortnight's fighting
south of Mukden is the worst disaster
to the Russian arms of the whole-war
Even the bold cossacks who, in other
davs , have repeatedly proved their
valor on bloody fields, have been com
pelled to give - way and run before the
steady, relentless pressure of the troops
of the mikado, who, scorning death in
every form, have continued battering
away at the Russian entrenchments
and piercing them one by one. .
JOINT LOSS OVER 100.000 MEN
Battle Bloodiest of War Railroad is
Cut North of Mukden.
Tokio, M&rch 9. The great battle in
Manchuria, raged all day yesterday
along the entire and enormous front
The Japanese were generally victorious,
and they drove the Russians from a
series of important positions. By
nightfall it seemed-' imperative that
General Kuropatkin would have to
withdraw his shattered legions to avoid
complete disaster.' - indeed, it ap
peared impossiblle for. him to effect a
reteat without heavy losses of prisones,
guns and stores.
The continuous battle is already the
bloodiest of the war. Upon the ground
that General Oku alone gained are
8,000 Russian dead. The reports from
other armies are expected to triple this
figure. It is estimated that the Jap
anese have - lost 50,000, - making the
joint slaughter thus far exceed 100,000
men. . . ... - "
Details of the combat are lacking.
but it is believed .that the Japanese
have cut the railway north of Mukden
leaving only the roadways and light
railway from Fushun to Tie pass as
avenues for the retreat of the Russians
bat army. -headquarters refrain from
affirming or -denying a report to that
effect. It is thought that Mukden
still in the hands of the Russians.
TRAINS RUNNING AGAIN.
Traffic Resumed on the New York
Rapid Transit Lines.
New York, March 9. A very decided
improvement in the condition of traffic
in the subway and on the elevated
roads marked the second day of the
strike, of the employes of the Inter
borough company. This was especially
so in the subway, in which express
service was established this evening and
affairs almost resumed their normal
aspect.- On the elevated lines service
was more irregular, but continued to
improve. There was practicclly no
disorder, and only a few minor acci
dents occurred during the day.
Officials of the Interborough company
expressed confidence that they had the
situation well in hand and that a few
days would see a full resumption of
service on all lines.
This was positively denied by Presi
dent Pepper, of the Amalgamated Asso
ciation of Street Railway employes.
Bloody Measures Urged.
est. Jretersburg, March . A sensa
tion was caused today by a leading edi
tonal in the Moscow Gazette,, the tra
ditional spokesman of autocracy, de
claring that the present revolt in the
interior should be put down immediate
ly in the fashion which Micael Mnra-
vieff i crushed the Polish and Lituanian
rebellion in 1863. "It would be a sad
sacrifice of lfie," says the Gazette,
"but a hundred times less now than if
the revolt were . allowed , to continue
until it became absolutely necessary to
take decisive steps.'"- '
Portfolios go A-Begging.
' London, March 9. It -is again re
ported that. Premier-Balfour' is experi
encing great difficulty in filling the va
cancies in the cabinet. It is rumored
that Walter Hume Long and others
have declined the post of chief ; secre
tary for Ireland. " Gossip in the lobby
of the house of commons is to the effect
that Sir Anthony P. MacDonald, under
secretary to the lord lieutenant of Ire
land, will be appointed to an imporant
post outside of Ireland.
- Baltic Fleet is Returning.
Paris, March 9. A dispatch to the
Temps from Tananarivo, capital of the
island .ot MagasearVsays the entire
Russian fleet has left the waters on its
return to Jibutil, French Somaliland.
HOPE GIVEN UP.
Russia Admits That Ksropatkin Has
' Met Defeat.
St. Petersburg, March 8. That the
battle of Mukden will go down in his
tory with Liao Tang in the long list of
Kussian defeats is the almost universal
belief in pessimistic St. Petersburg,
which has forgotten the meaning of the
word "victory." The war office does
not admit that the issues of the great
battle which already exceeds in magni
tude of operations and losses that of
Shakhe, has been decided, although it
is positively stated in high quarters
that Kuropatkin has telegraphed to
Emperor Nicholas that it will be im
possible to hold Mukden and that the
withdrawal ot the army northward has
already been begun. '
At the military headquarters here
General Kuropatkin is regarded as
beaten. Those who believe there is
still a chance of actual Russian victory
are few and far between. The majority
regard the fighting yesterday as in re
ality a rearguard action, entertaining
no doubt that there will be a heavy
withdrawal during the night. 1
general JLuropatkins critics among
military men are increasing in number,
tne Durden of complaint being that in
every action he has shown lack of ini
tiative. With defeat now, whether
disastrous or otherwise, they declare
his star will set.- On the other hand,
it is believed that Field Marshal Oya
ma's daring strategy, if successful in
this battle, will entitle him to rank as
one of the greatest captains of the age.
SAVES FOREST FOR PEOPLE.
Exclusion of Timber Land From Lieu
Selections.
Washington, March 8 . Two and one-
half million acres of timber land will
be saved to the government by the
operation of a short act to which Presi
dent Roosevelt affixed his signature
during the last moments of the 58th
congress. The act prohibits the selec
tion of timber lands in exchange for
land which have been included within
of rest reserves. It was in 1897 that
the "lieu law" was enacted. It had
no restrictions, simply entitling persons
holding lands in forest reserves to make
selections elsewhere in exchange for
their forest reserve lands. In 1900
these lieu selections were limited to
surveyed lands. ' Since the passage of
these acts, nearly 2,000,000 acres -of
forest reserve lands have been exchang
ed for other lands, and almost univer
sally has the exchange been made for
timbered lands outside of forest re
serves. Nearly half of this land so ex
changed is owned by the land grant
railroads. .'
A report to congress from the com
missioner of ' the general land office
places the amount of lands still held by
these roads in forest reserves at 2,500,
000 acres, and the provision in the act
in question, that hereafter . lieu selec
tions must be made from untimbered
lands, is calculated to save just that
much timbered land which is outside
of forest reserves. '
GOTHAM TIED UP.
Strike on New York Street Railways
; Blocks Business.
New York, March 8. With one col
lision in which 29 persons were in
jured, New York has passed, through
the first day of the general strike on its
rapid transit systems. Besides this ac
cident and Borne minor casualties due to
the abnormal conditions,' the sum total
of the day was annoyance and vexation
to a million or more people usually de
pendent upon the Interborough's lines
for transportation to and from business
So far there has been little disorder
Sporadic encounters between individ
uals, some bad language and the action
of a few hoodlums in throwing missies
at passing elevated trains tell this
phase of the strike. The annoyance to
the multitude was increased by a wet
snow, which began falling this after
noon.
Service on the elevated roads and the
subway, while not tied up, was crippled
badly. Trains were run on irregular
schedules in the underground, begin
ning with the early morning, but the
elevated did not fare so well. Oh the
East side practically: no attempt was
made to institute service, while the
Sixth . and Ninth avenue lines, which
serve the West side, were run in a fash
ion woefullv inadequate. ' In fact, the
elevated system of the Interborough'i
lines was pretty well paralyzed.
" Turn Light on Beef Trust.
Topeka, Kan., March 8. The Kansas
senate has adopted a resolution de
nouncing the report of . Commissioner
Garfield in the "beef trust" investiga
tion, and requesting the president of
the United States to reject this report
and appoint "some man with experi
ence, independence and nerve, who shall
qualify for the task of investigating this
gang of commercial highwaymen, known
as the 'beef trust,' to the end that the
public may be fully informed as to the
sources of their profits and foundations
of their colossal fortunes."
Samoan Boys Will Learn English
Tutuila, Samoa, Feb. 21, via' San
Francisco, March 8. The Samoans of
the western district of Tutuila have es
tablished a boys' school for the teach
ing of English, and have engaged three
Marist brothers to act as instructors for
a term of three years. There are about
to be imported from Swator, China,
about 600 Chinese for work on the
plantations in German Samoa. None
of these will be permitted to land
the Americaan portion of Samoa.
No Cigarettes in Wisconsin.
Madison, Wis., March 8. The legis
lature today, by a vote .of 76 to 1
passed a bill absolutely prohibiting the
sate or manufacture of cigarette papers
NOTED SOLDIER
GENERAL LEW
. General Lew Wallace, whn AoA
home, crowded vast activity Into his
uwuiikumuw bujck aiMt.aconunjf any scnooung, ne took up law, interrupted
It to serve in the Mexican War and resumed It when the fighting was over.
His history In the Civil War Is one of signal distinction and his services
as governor of New Mexico and minister to . Turkey are worthy no less
honor. As an author hi a ahilltv la hat mA othKvtuI rnnh "Ttnn-TTm.
though he wrote several other books of
showed the superb vitality that animated
Conquest Great
American Desert
Irrigation Canal Thronsb Tunnels.
An Irrigation canal which will pass
through three tunnels, ' the longest of
which Is 1,400 feet, Is now being cut
In Nevada. The rocky character of
much of the country to be traversed
necessitated the tunnels.
The canal is fed at Its source by the
Ttuckee river, whence It passes east-
KNTBANCX TO 1,400-TOOT TCJTKEI.
ward 14 miles to Wadsworth, Nev.,
and thence 18 miles to the great "Oar-
son Sink," a desert plain. The canal
will be 23 feet wide at the bottom, S3
feet at the top, and 15 feet deep and
will receive 1,400 cubic feet of fresh
mountain water per second.
About 2,000 men are employed In
this work, which will cost the govern
ment nearly $1,000,000. The canal will
open vast areas, hitherto arid and
waste, to the homesteader and to agri
culture, and will greatly promote in
dustries In contingent tracts.
Deert Tracts Faat Going-.
Irrigation is as useful In New York
State farming as it Is in many pieces
where it is supposed to be more appli
cable to the conditions. The new cen
sus bulletin Just Issued states that ar
tificial provision against drought Is
used In Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, Connecticut, New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, . Florida, Ala
bama and Mississippi. Exceptionally
high yields of fruit and vegetables are
reported as made possible by Its use.
Thousands of miles of canals, says
the bulletin, are distributing water
upon more than 8,000,000 acres of land,
producing crops worth $100,000,000 a
year. -
The increase from 18f9 to 1902 was
20 per cent; $93,000,000 has been In
vested in irrigation works. Running
streams provide three-fourths of the
irrigation ' now In use, wells and
springs the remainder.
. California leads In cost of Irrigation
works, Utah coming next. The Mor
mons settled. In an arid tract which
thev have made to blossom like a gar
den by bringing water down from the
mountains. In irrigated area Colorado
ranks first But the California Irri
gated land averages more valuable and
is more Intensively worked.
More than 90 per cent of the coun
try's Irrigated farms are In the semi
arid region , between the Rockies and
the Mississippi, using the headwaters
of the latter stream. This takes In
part of the "Great American desert'
of old geographies. -
The Columbia river basin Is third
in importance in Irrigation projects. It
alone supplies nearly 20,000 farms
with water.. The Colorado river through
much of its course lies In a canyon so
deep that it cannot be coaxed out to
work. Only twenty systems are sup
plied from the main stream. Systems
heading near Yuma, Ariz., are turning
desert lands Into a region of marvelous
richness. . ' '
Not until 1897 was Irrigation applied
AUTHOR IS DEAD.
WALLACE.
seventy-eight years of life. Born of
high quality. In his long Illness he
all his earlier years.
to coast lands in the Southern States
supposed before then to be suitable for
pasturage only. Now they are produc
ing big crops of rice upon thousands)
of acres. American rice is a iron
with a vast future.
Texas and Arizona are curiously
handicapped as to Irrigation by the
present treaty with Mexico -which for
bids the impounding of any part of the
waters of the Rio Grande. Probably
In the future there will be no difficul
ty in arranging this matter. Streams
subject to sudden floods, like the Rio
Grande and the Mississippi, are im
proved by the construction of head
water storage systems. These tend to
diminish floods. Extreme low water
is also Indirectly minimized by head
water impounding. . Rain tends to In
crease in frequency In the dry season
upon lands abundantly supplied with
water from reservoirs. Evaporation
cools the air and promotes rain.
Circumstantial Evidenoe
Slr Henry Hawkins, a brilliant ad
vocate and one of England's greatest
criminal judges, expressed the follow
ing opinion in his "Reminiscences":
"Let me say a word about circum
stantial evidence. Some writers have
spoken of It as a kind of 'dangerous
Innovation' In our criminal procedure.
It is almost the only evidence that is
obtainable in all great crimes and it is
the best and - most reliable. I have
witnessed many great trials for mur
der, but do not remember one where
there was an eyewitness to the deed.
How is it possible, then, to bring home
the charge to Vie culprit unless you
rely on circumstantial evidence?
"Circumstantial evidence is the evi
dence of circumstances facts that
speak for themselves and that cannot
be contradicted.. Circumstances have
no motive to deceive, while human tes
timony Is too often the product of ev
ery kind of motive."
LEADER Of RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONISTS.
Father Gopon is the priest leader of -the
Russian people In their effort to
obtain a constitutional government.
He headed the crowd of Russians that
sought to enter the Narva gate and
reach the palace square In St Peters
burg, where he hoped to give -the Czar
a petition for a constitution. - Cossacks
shot down tfis followers, but spared
peared from public sight
Gopon la the son, of a peasant As a
youth he served as a swineherd, but
later was sent to a Poltava school,
whence he Is reported to have been
expelled for ; ultra-socialistic views.
priesthood under certain ' restrictions.
His face Is alleged to resemble that of
a mystic, and he Is said to possess
wonderful voice. His power over his ;
LUllvw ci a niuuuA . '
StTOng. ' ' ' '''V' ---i;- '
After a woman says "there's no use,
talking" she keeps right on.