ASSAULT IS ON
Japanese Commence Genera
Attack on Port Arthur.
RUMOR OP FALL OP THE CITY
Ammunition Growing Scarce and
the Big Guns in Beleaguered
forts are Not fired Often.
Chefoo, Aug. 1. Refugees who have
juat arrived from Port Arthur confirm
previous reports that a general assault
has been began by the Japanese on that
fortress, and they declare that the Rus-
ian8 are sanguine that the Japanese
could not succeed in capturing the
place, even though they had twice as
many troops.
The Russians, according to the refu
Sees' stories, are still hoping for succor
from General Kuropatkin. They are
unwilling to believe the reports of his
defeat at Ta Tche Kiao. The refugees
further confirm the reports that the
Russian fleet is in a state of repair, but
they say that the fleet is unwilling to
Attack that of Admiral Togo, on ac
count of the mines which the Japanese
place nightly at the entrance to the
harbor.
It was believed at Port Arthur that
if either the Vladivostok squadron or
reinforcemnts from General Kuropat
kin should arrive, the Russian fleet
would take the risk of going out.
Ammunition is said to be growing
carce, and large fort guns are not often
discharged. Attempts to manufacture
ammunition in Port Arthur are re
ported to have been failures.
All of the public buildings are being
used for hospitals. The sick and
wounded are being well cared for by
volunteer nurses. The wounds made
by the Japanese rifles are dangerous
only when vital spots are reached
Hundreds of badly wounded have
juickly recovered from their wounds.
An American named Holt reports
that Lieutenant Newton A. McCully,
the American naval attache, now at
Port Arthur, is well.
LAWS NEEDED TOR ZONE.
Panama Domain Not fully a Part of
the United States.
Washington, Aug. 1. Controller of
the Treasury Tracewell, in an opinion
today defining the authority of the
Panama Canal commission regarding
disbursements and the relation of the
canal zone to the United States, holds
that, while the "general spirit and
purpose" of the constitution is appli
cable to the zone, that domain is not a
part of the United States within the
""full meaning of the constitution and
the laws of the country."
He said that until congress by ex
press legislation sball have prescribed
the form of government of the zone,
the will and sound discretion of the
president and his lommission will con
trol, subject only to the general spirit
and purpose of the constitution, and
the local revenues of the zone shall Le
handled in accordance with such rules
as they may authorize.
ADVISED TO STAY AWAY.
Ho Protection for lien Not Wanted
at Cripple Creek.
Cripple Creek, Colo., Aug. 1. Sher
iff Edward Bell will notguarantee pro
tection to any person who has been
driven from this district because of his
alliance or sympathy with the Western
Federation of Miners. He made this
plain today when he received a message
from Patrick Carvel, one of the hun
dreds deported after the Independence
depot dynamite outrage.
Caivel is now at Colorado City and
notified Sheriff Bell that he wished to
return to the district and resume his
residence heie, and would do so if the
authorities would guarantee to protect
him from violence.
Sheriff Bell not only informed Car
vel that he would not guarantee to pro
tect him from harm, but strongly ad
vised him nevex to return to the dis
trict. Mlneworkers Threaten Strike.
Fhiladelpnia, Aug. 1. There is grave
fear that the executive board of Dis
trict No. 1, United Mineworkers, will
order a strike involving approximately
75,000 men, when it meets in special
session here Monday, to consider the
question of the refusal of the Toal com
panies to dedui-t check weighmen's
wages. If the strike is ordered, it will
probably affect the whole anthracite
region, as the companies seemed to be
combined in resisting the demand,
claiming it is tantamount to a recogni
tion of the nnion.
Great Run of Sockeyes.
Vancouver, B. C, Aug. 1. One of
the greatest runs of sorkeye salmon in
the history of the canning industry is
reported from Rivers Inlet, B. C.
Wadharas cannery in one day took in
30,000 fish, the Brunswick cannery took
-over 28 000 salmon and the pack for
that day ran about 2,600 cases at each
of these canneries. At Alert Bay, the
big run was one day later and the fish
are expected at the Eraser at the be
ginning of this week.
Sultan Takes the Held.
Tangier, Aug. 1. The British cruis
er Hermione arrived tonight. Accord
ing to news from Fes the sultan is col
lecting a big army outside Fex. The
imperial tent has already been pitched
outside the walls of Fez, which is taken
to indicate that the sultan will person
ally lead his foices against the pretend
er, who is active in the districts of Ta
za and Ujda.
INVESTMENT OP PORT ARTHUR.
Japanese Conduct a Slow Engineer
ing Advance.
Liao Yang, July 30. A Russian cor
respondent of the Associated Press, who
has just arrived here after two months'
stay at Port Arthur, gives an import
ant and interesting narrative of the situ
ation at the beleagured ft rtress when he
left there, July 14. which shows that
the Japanese operations until then had
not advanced so far as supposed. Sev
eral Russian successes are chronicled,
but the report of a Japanese reverse,
with a loss of 30,000 men, is definitely
disposed of, not being even mentioned
by the correspondent, who says :
"When I put to sea in a junk the
land position on the Russian right flank,
surrounding Green and Semaphore
hills, which the Russians had lost, had
been recaptured by assault. The
heights of Huinsin, which the Japanese
defended desperately, alone remained
in their hands. But I am convinced
that this position also has since been
retaken. The very morn'ng of my de
parture, July 14, the position was be
ing bombarded by six-inch Howitzers
and shells were falling repeatedly into
the Japanese works, causing great dis
order.
"To sum up, by the fighting of July
3, 4 and 5, when evidently the Russian
forces were acting on the offensive, the
Russians regained on the land side the
positions they had held in front of the
fortress previous to the battle of Kai
Chou.
"The main forces of the beseigers
are on the average at a distance of 20
miles from the perimeter of the fortress
on the Russian right, but the Japanese
have approached to within 12 miles on
the Russian left. As far as Inchente
station, 14 miles from Port Arthur,
the lailroad is working. Between 40,-
000 and 50,000 men are operating be
fore Port Arthur. The troops maintain
a constant exchange of skirmishing fire,
but the field or other guns are usually
silent. The Japanese are apparently
conducting a slow, engineering advance.
Often in the morning the Russians
discover fresh trenches. The Japanese
ate compelled to abandon this work in
the daytime, as the Russians regularly
open fire on them as soon as daylight
discloses the works."
AID TO STRIKERS.
freighthandlers May Take a Hand
in Chicago Trouble. (
Chicago, July 30. After issuing a
general order that would have involved
all the Chicago railroads in the stock
yards strike, Lawrence J. Curran, pres
ident of the Freighthandlers' union,
tonight reconsidered his action and is
now holding ' his order in abeyance
pending a conference tomorrow morn
ing with leaders of the Allied Trades
unions, whose members are on strike.
It is said, howevei, that if President
Donnelly, of the Butchers' union, and
the other strike leaders express a desiie
to have the order enforced it will be
put icto effect at once. The executive
committee of the freighthandles was in
session until late tonight and it is said
that preparations have been made td
put the strike order in force if it be
deemed necessary.
President Curran's orders, if lived
up to by the freight handlers, would
work a severe hardship on the packers
as it explicitly directs that nnion men
shall handle no freight for the big
packing companies, either outgoing or
incoming. President Curran's order to
the men follows :
"At a meeting with the business
agents of the local Freighthandlers'
union today it was decided that all
men under the jurisdiction of our or
ganization in the various rai roads in
Chicago be ordered not to receive or de-
iver any freight of the packers, wheth
er this freight is delivered at the
freighthouses by teams or in cars."
Duplicity of the Russians.
London, July 30. Thomas Gibson
Bowles, Conservative, will ask Premier
Balfour in the house of commons if the
government is aware that the Russian
armored cruiser Demitri Donskoi, after
having been allowed to take 500 tons
of coal at Port Said, and after hei cap
tain had given his word of honor that
he would proceed at once and by direct
route to Cadiz, remained off Port Said
and stopped and examined six vessels,
which were about to enter the canal,
and a few days later repeated the stop
page on Aleaxndria.
Much food Adulterated.
Cheyenne, Wyo., July 30. The first
report of Henry Knight and Ross Mou
dy, state food inspectors nnder the new
pure food law, shows that during the
year 425 samples were submitted for
analysis, and of this number 268 were
found to be adulterated. In all classes
of food it was discovered preservatives
were used. A majority of the samples
were sent by dealers who desire to use
pure foods, and it is expected concerted
action will be taken.
friction at Panama.
Panama, July 30. The establish
ment of a port at Ancon under the con
trol of the anthoiitiea of the canal
zone has created considerable friction
between the steamship companies and
the government at Panama, the latter
asseiting that the companies should
get their clearance papers from the
Panaman authorities.
STILL AT OUTS
Further Aareements With
Strikers Not Wanted.
ARE GIVEN AN ULTIMATUM
Packers Tell Board of Arbitration
That Strikers failed to Live
Up to Signed Agreement.
Chicago, Jly 29. "We had an
agreement with Mr. Donnelly's organi
zation and the allied trades which they
failed to live up to, and under the cir
cumstances we do not care to make
any further agreements with them."
This is the statement which was
signed by the tepresentatives of the
packers and handed to the members of
the state board of arbitration tonight
at the end of a conference between the
two bodies, held at the request of the
state board in an endeavor to bring
about another meeting for the settle
ment of the butchers' strike between
the packers and the strikers. The
packers received the state board courte
ously and listened to their arguments
for a peaceable adjustment of the diffi
culty.
The announcement that the packers
were opposed to any futther peace ne
gotiationa with the strikers was handed
to the board by Arthur Meeker and
Thomas Connor, both of Armour & Co.,
who represented the packers. While
from their statement it would appear
that the packers are opposed to meet
ing the strikers again on any terms,
such is not the case.
At the last conference between the
strikers and the packers the latter in
formed the union leaders that any
time they expressed a desire to live up
to the original arbitration agreement,
signed a week ago, which provided for
the reinstatement of the striking butch
era inside of 45 days and for the arbi
tration of all grievances, the packers
would be willing to renew the agree
ment.
The contention of the packers is that
this agreement is still in force, and as
they are unwilling to offer any further
concessions to the strikers, they say a
renewal of peace negotiations with the
hope of securing better terms would be
useless.
The labor leaders say that when the
butchers went on the second strike be
cause of alleged discrimination by the
packers in rehiring striking employes,
the arbitration agreement was nullified
and that H is necessary to sign a new
agreement before a settlement can be
reached. ;
SLAIN BY BOMB.
M. von Plehve, Russian Minister of
Interior Is Assassinated.
St. Petersburg, July 29. Minister of
the Interior von Plehve was assassinat
ed this morning while driving to the
Baltic Station to visit the Peterhof .
A bomb was thrown under the min
ister's carriage, completely shattering
it. M. Plehve was terribly mangled.
The crime was committed at 10 o'clock.
The coachman was killed and the
wounded and maddened horses dashed
wildly away with the front wheels of
the carriage, the only portion of the
vehicle remaining intact. Immediate
ly there ensued a scene of the wildest
confusion. Police and gendarmes hur
ried up from every direction and vast
crowds gathered about the spot where
the mangled body of the minister lay
weltering in his blood.
The Associated Presa correspondent
was at the scene of the tragedy within
five minutes after it occurred. M. von
Plehve's shockingly mangled body was
lying in the middle of the road. It had
been partially covered with a police
officer's overcoat with the left arm, the
bone of which was broken off, protrud
ing. A few yards from M. von Plehve's
body lay a shapeless heap of the coach
man's remains.
M. von Plehve was on his way to
visit the emperor when the tragedy oc
cttrrd. Besides being Russian minister of
the interior Councillor von Plehve was
minister and state secretary for Fin
lard. Sent to Impress Moroccans.
Toulon, July 29. Under orders
from Vice Admiral Gigon, the armored
cruiser Kleber and the third class
cruiser Galilee sailed for Tangier to
night. The orders given to the com
manders of the cruisers were to "hold
themselves at the disposition of the
minister of France." Officers of the
ministry of marine say that this action
is not to be regarded in any aspect oth
er than pacific, but that it is desirable
in the present unpleasant condition of
Morocco for the French government to
be represented by the two warships.
British Note Sent.
London, July 29. The London Daily
Express states that it has excellent
reasons for stating that the latest note
sent uy Gerat Britain to Russia is not
couched in the usual diplomatic lan
guage, but is, instead, a peremptory
demand for immediate reparation for
all slights placed upon the British flag
by Russia. It is also stated that Rus
sia is warned that a repitition of the
Knight Commander affaii will be fol
lowed by immediate reprisals.
To rit Up Volunteer fleet.
London, July 29 The Times this
morning says that six German steamers
have been bartered to take $1,500,000
worth of war material from Hamburg:
to Constantinople. The inference is
drawn, according to the Times, that
this material is intended for the equip
ment of the Russian voluntser steamers
or other Russian warships in the Black
sea.
RUSHING IN MEN.
Packers Striving to fill the Places
of the Strikers.
Chicago, July 28. Little if any ad
vantage was gained by either side in
the stockyards Btrike today and there
is no hope tonight of any immediate
settlement of the difficutly. Realizing
that they have one of the hardest prob
lems to contend with in the history of
the packing industry, the packers are
leaving nothing undone to gain the
npperhand in the struggle with their
30,000 union employes who are on
strike.
All day long, workmen from outside
points were rushed to Chicago and
taken to the stockyards to fill the
places of the strikers. Tonight it was
announced by the packers that 7,000
new men were now installed in the
different plants at the stockyards
With these men and with the arrivals
that are expected each day, the packers
expect to get their affairs in such shape
that the strikers will be compelled to
seek a truce in the hostilities and seek
a peaceable settlement at the dictation
of the emloyers.
Although the receipts of livestock
today were small, compared with re
ceipts on corresponding dayB under
normal conditions, still many cattle,
hogs and sheep were left ' in the pens
tonight unsold.
RETREAT TO HAI CHENG.
The Japanese Made Ta Tche Kiao
Untenable.
Mukden, July 28. The Russians
have retreated trom Ta Tche Kiao to
Hai Cheng.
They decided to withdraw from Ta
Tche Kiao Sunday evening. General
Zarabourieff , commanding the Fourth
army corps, who is General Stakel-
berg's senior, resolved to take this
step in consequence of the reports of
scouts that the Japanese were turning
the left flank.
The Japanese foices are believed to
nclude the whole of the armies of
Generals Oku and Nodzu. More than
eight divisions of Japanese are engaged
The rear guard action between Datch
apu and Ta Tche Kiao continued until
11 at night, .when the Japanese weie
within sight of the Russian entrench
ments. The Russians withdrew in per
fect order, favored by the beautiful
moonlight.
General Kuropatkin reports that the
Japanese column in the vicinity of
Saitmatsza, which is believed to be
two divisions strong, is marching along
the valley of the Taitse, with the obvi
ous aim of cutting the railroad above
Liao Yang.
The evacuation of Ta Tche Kiao was
prepared for long ago by the Russians,
as military experts have repeatedly in
dicated. The retirement is not regard
ed as materially altering the situation.
The Russians had strongly fortified
Hai Cheng, in view of this contin
gency. '
APOLOGY AND DAMAGES.
Basis of British Settlement of
Knight Commander's Loss.
London, July 28. The British gov
ernment is taking energetic action rela
tive to the sinking of the British steam
er Knight Commander by the Vladivo
stok squadron. All information re
ceived by the government tends to es
tablish in the official mind the belief
that an outiage has been committed
for which no excuse exists in interna
tional law.
The demands which will be .made on
the Russian government will include
compensation to the owners of the ship
and to the Owners of the goods on
board the Knight Commander, an
apology for the action of the Russian
cruisers and an agreement that in
structions shall be given which will
prevent a repetition of such action.
Bntish shipowners are up in arms
over the danger which shipping is now
running and are bombarding the gov
ernment with representations looking
to the thorough protection of their in
terests. War Vessels Must Not Pass.
London, July 28. While the nego
tiations between Great Britain and
Russia respecting Red sea seizures
have been carried on in the most con
ciliatory manner, the Associated Presa
learns that in the representations to
the St. Petersburg government, For
eign secretary Lansdowne declared that
Great Britain could not, in view of her
treaty alliance with Japan, allow any
interpretation to be placed on treaties
relating to the Dardanelles which
would permit of the free passage of ves
sels of the Russian volunteer fleet.
Action Delayed in New York.
New York, July 28. A telegram
from President Donnelly, who is in
charge of the meat strikers' main head
quarters at Chicago, directing the local
union officials to call out all men em
ployed by the companies affiliated with
the so called beef trust here, was re
ceived today. No immediate action
was taken, however. The local repre
sentative, Mr. Eichelberger, said that
in view of the present conditions here,
it would not do to act hastily.
fighting About Port Arthur.
Chefoo, Jtiy 28. A junk bringing
Chinese refugees from Port Arthur, has
ust arrived here. The Chinese report
that, when they left Port Arthur, July
uly 22, heavy fighting was going on
both on land and sea. They were un
able to give any details. They i eport
that the Japanese have heavily fortified
San Chnpo Hill.
Coop for Growing; Chicks.
Where chicks are raised in consider
able numbers. It Is necessary to pro
vide protection for them while they
are on the range, and a house such as
Is Illustrated and described here may
be produced at small " cost Make a
number of them and scatter them over
the range. Obtain a number of small
dry goods boxes, making the roof of
any material one has on the farm or
buying the cheap hemlock lumber and
covering the cracks with laths or tar
red paper. In the gable end cut a
large hole for ventilation and arrange
the opening in the front so that some
means will be had for closing it so
that the storm may be shut off.
If one has but a few coops a slid
ing window may be used to close the
front; if many coops are made the
opening may be closed by a sliding
door made of thin material. During
the summer, if this solid wood door
was used it would be advisable to
make the ventilation opening larger
and cover it with some coarse mesh
wire netting. Unless one has had. ex-
perience, it Is hard to realize the great
value of these coops and especially
during the early fall before the chicks
go to winter quarters, a period when
hard storms are likely to occur. In
dianapolis News.
Cultivating- Drilled Corn.
It is generally conceded . that more
corn can be grown on an acre in
drills than in hills, but in weedy land
the great trouble is to keep drilled
corn clean and free from weeds. The
great mistake in cultivating drilled
corn usually is made at the first
working, when shovels of medium size
are used and small furrows left close
to the rows. We find it no harder to
keep drilled corn free from weeds
than it is to keep hill corn clean, by
using the smoothing harrow across
the rows just as soon as the corn is up.
In four .or five days a second harrow
ing may be given and then the culti
vators be set to work.
Avoid leaving any furrow close to
the rows, and also be sure not to
throw a ridge of earth up to the
plants. Keep the land just as level
as possible the first two or three
workings and then as the plants be
gin to shade the ground they will do
much to smother out weeds. The later
cultivation of any corn is best given
by a one-horse five shovel cultivator
instead of the two-horse riding imple
ment, as with the former one can go
very shallow and keep at any desired
distance from the growing corn. We
believe there are too many high-priced
riding cultivators and not enough
small one-horse Implements used. The
latter, diligently used, insure clean
crops.
The Cost of Making Pork.
The sole purpose of finishing a
bunah of pigs at an early age is to
make them more profitable by saving
feed. It takes a certain amount mere
ly to keep them, and the shorter the
time they are kept the less this will
cost. So far it is a simple problem.
but there are other factors which en
ter In. The pushing process may be
the most costly in the end because
it requires the feeding of a large
quantity of high-priced grain or mill
stuffs, whereas by utilizing the pas
tures and the woods they may make
a cheaper growth and ultimately go to
market at less cost. It may be said
that the pasture has value in propor
tion to the grain. Sometimes it has
and sometimes It has not all de
pends on what something else could
get out of it in the way of gain and
consequent cash. The point is that
early maturity in the sense of market
ing hogs at an early age is the best
thing only when It is the cheapest. A
man can afford to wait, a couple of
months to put his pigs on the market
If by utilizing pastures or forage and
saving high-priced grain he can do It
cheaper. The cost of . marketing a
pound of pork and not the time it
takes to do it is the vital problem.
Thinning Peaches Pays.
Not every grower appreciates the
Importance of thinning peaches, but
there can be no question of the neces
sity of the practice, if best results are
to be secured. The Michigan Experi
ment Station reports the following
concerning this matter:
MA thinning test was started In
1903, to last over a period of three
years. Of one lot, one tree was thin
ned to 8 Inches; one was thinned to 4
er 5 inches, and one tree was left un
thinned. Of the other varieties, one
tree was thinned to 8 inches and one
tree left unthinned. . It was noted at
the end of the first season's test that
all trees severely thinned 'wera much
53i ill iff jii'
mrlftier, and their foliage much
healthier, and did not fall from tha
trees as early in the season as on un
thlnned trees; that peaches from the
thinned trees sold for nearly double
aa much as those from unthinned
trees. The varieties chosen for the test
happened to ripen at a time when
there was a good demand, otherwise
peaches from unthinned trees would
have been unsalable. From a com
mercial standpoint the benefit from
heavy thinning was very apparent."
Points of a Good Dairy Cow.
I will endeavor to give a few of
what many years of experience has
taught me to believe are essential
points in selecting a profitable dairy
cow, and will commence at the nose.
Take a cow that can put her nose in a
tlncup you can take a tincup to milk
her in; but a cow that it takes a buck
et to get her nose in, you will have to
take a bucket to milk her in. In
other words, I want a cow or a calf
I of either sex, in order to make a prof
J itable dairy animal, to have a great
j broad mouth (so It can mow a wide
! swath), with thin Hds indicating a
' thin hide and fineness throughout, en
abling it to sift out most of the nutri
tion in food consumed and return it
to you In its milk; with broad, open,
nostrils, giving it good breathing ca
pacity; and short from nose to eyes
.long In this space indicates long in
the legs; too much wind blows under
it and soon dries up the milk, even if
they give a good flow in the start;
broad between the eyes, indicating a
broad deep cow throughout with good
heart, lungs, liver and digestive or
gans; large, full eyes, indicating plen
ty of nerve force to cany out the re
quirements of the body; long from
eyes to horns, indicating good sense;
narrow between horns, indicating but
little combativeness and a mild dis
position; a well developed body, not
"pot-gutted." with large teats and
plenty of loose skin for udder devel
opment but not a large, meaty, fleshy
udder that will be nearly as large
after being milked as it was before; a
long tail with a good switch to enable
the cow to keep the flies from sucking
her blood that goes to produce milk.
There are other indications, but these
are enough to give a beginner a start
Harding Bailey, in Jersey Bulletin.
Kill Weeds Before Planting Corn.
The best time to kill weeds is be-
.fore the corn comes up, but I can kill
more weeds in going over my ground
once with a drag or harrow before
the corn is planted than you can in
two or three times after the corn is
planted. My practice has been to fol
low the breaking plow with the drag.
If not too wet and in a few days
cross harrow, and in a few more days
harrow again and follow with the
planter or drill. I drill exclusively. I
open a furrow two or three inches
deep and plant in the furrow; there
fore I cannot use the harrow 8r weed
er after my corn is planted, for it
would fill the furrow and cover the
corn too deep. I use the cultivator
with narrow shovels and fenders, and
fill in the furrow gradually until it is
level, then keep the surface level. Now
I see some one holding up his hands
in horror at the idea of drilled corn
planted down in a furrow. I should
like to divide a field with you; you
plant on the surface in hills, and I
drill in the furrow; neither to use
hand hoe, and the one that has the
cleanest and most corn to take the
crop.--!. N. C, in Indiana Farmer.
Xoss from Bitter Rot.
The losses from bitter rot of apples
are seldom appreciated, but the men
that have investigated them declare
them to be simply enormous for tho
entire country. Professor Blair of the
University of Illinois, said last fall
that the losses from bitter rot in four
counties of Illinois bad totaled for the
past season $1,500,000. This was in
the four counties of Marion, Clay,
Richard and Wayne. Bitter rot Is a
fungous disease and can be controlled
to some extent by spraying. It is time
that apple growers awoke fully to the
enormous tax they are every year pay
ing to the fungous diseases that rav
age orchards. Could farmers elimi
nate even this one scourge of bitter
rot we would add millions of dollars
to the value of the apple crop.
Water for the Swine.
Pure water does more than quench
the thirst of the hog. It enters large
ly into the composition of flesh; It as
sists in digestion by acting as a sol
vent for food elements; it is a vehicle
for carrying off the poisonous wastes
of the system, which. If not thus re
moved, are often reabsorbed by the
system, either creating diseases or
conditions favorable to disease rav
ages. When the drinking water hap
pens to be unwholesome in itself, the
possible double mischief is easily un
derstood. Little Profit in Cooking Peed.
The utility in cooking feed for ani
mals, and specially for pigs, was
given most attention in the days previ
ous to investigations by experiment
stations. Cooking feed is no longer
regarded as an economical practice for
fattening animals. However, for breed
ing stock and sick animals, and for
animals which it is desired to put into
the very highest condition, cooking
may be practiced with good results. If
expense is disregarded. Pigs so fed
show marked thr if tines and health.